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+Useful Linux Commands that you should know
+======
+If you are Linux system administrator or just a Linux enthusiast/lover, than
+you love & use command line aks CLI. Until some years ago majority of Linux
+work was accomplished using CLI only & even there are some limitations to GUI
+. Though there are plenty of Linux distributions that can complete tasks with
+GUI but still learning CLI is major part of mastering Linux.
+
+To this effect, we present you list of useful Linux commands that you should
+know.
+
+ **Note:-** There is no definite order to all these commands  & all of these
+commands are equally important to learn & master in order to excel in Linux
+administration. One more thing, we have only used some of the options for each
+command for an example, you can refer to 'man pages' for complete list of
+options for each command.
+
+### 1- top command
+
+'top' command displays the real time summary/information of our system. It
+also displays the processes and all the threads that are running & are being
+managed by the system kernel.
+
+Information provided by top command includes uptime, number of users, Load
+average, running/sleeping/zombie processes, CPU usage in percentage based on
+users/system etc, system memory free & used, swap memory etc.
+
+To use top command, open terminal & execute the comamnd,
+
+ **$ top**
+
+To exit out the command, either press 'q' or 'ctrl+c'.
+
+### 2- free command
+
+'free' command is used to specifically used to get the information about
+system memory or RAM. With this command we can get information regarding
+physical memory, swap memory as well as system buffers. It provided amount of
+total, free & used memory available on the system.
+
+To use this utility, execute following command in terminal
+
+ **$ free**
+
+It will present all the data in kb or kilobytes, for megabytes use options
+'-m' & '-g ' for gb.
+
+#### 3- cp command
+
+'cp' or copy command is used to copy files among the folders. Syntax for using
+'cp' command is,
+
+ **$ cp source destination**
+
+### 4- cd command
+
+'cd' command is used for changing directory . We can switch among directories
+using cd command.
+
+To use it, execute
+
+ **$ cd directory_location**
+
+### 5- ifconfig
+
+'Ifconfig' is very important utility for viewing & configuring network
+information on Linux machine.
+
+To use it, execute
+
+ **$ ifconfig**
+
+This will present the network information of all the networking devices on the
+system. There are number of options that can be used with 'ifconfig' for
+configuration, in fact they are some many options that we have created a
+separate article for it ( **Read it here ||[IFCONFIG command : Learn with some
+examples][1]** ).
+
+### 6- crontab command
+
+'Crontab' is another important utility that is used schedule a job on Linux
+system. With crontab, we can make sure that a command or a script is executed
+at the pre-defined time. To create a cron job, run
+
+ **$ crontab -e**
+
+To display all the created jobs, run
+
+ **$ crontab -l**
+
+You can read our detailed article regarding crontab ( **Read it here ||[
+Scheduling Important Jobs with Crontab][2]** )
+
+### 7- cat command
+
+'cat' command has many uses, most common use is that it's used to display
+content of a file,
+
+ **$ cat file.txt**
+
+But it can also be used to merge two or more file using the syntax below,
+
+ **$ cat file1 file2 file3 file4 > file_new**
+
+We can also use 'cat' command to clone a whole disk ( **Read it here ||
+[Cloning Disks using dd & cat commands for Linux systems][3]** )
+
+### 8- df command
+
+'df' command is used to show the disk utilization of our whole Linux file
+system. Simply run.
+
+ **$ df**
+
+& we will be presented with disk complete utilization of all the partitions on
+our Linux machine.
+
+### 9- du command
+
+'du' command shows the amount of disk that is being utilized by the files &
+directories on our Linux machine. To run it, type
+
+ **$ du /directory**
+
+( **Recommended Read :[Use of du & df commands with examples][4]** )
+
+### 10- mv command
+
+'mv' command is used to move the files or folders from one location to
+another. Command syntax for moving the files/folders is,
+
+ **$ mv /source/filename /destination**
+
+We can also use 'mv' command to rename a file/folder. Syntax for changing name
+is,
+
+ **$ mv file_oldname file_newname**
+
+### 11- rm command
+
+'rm' command is used to remove files\folders from Linux system. To use it, run
+
+ **$ rm filename**
+
+We can also use '-rf' option with 'rm' command to completely remove a
+file\folder from the system but we must use this with caution.
+
+### 12- vi/vim command
+
+VI or VIM is very famous & one of the widely used CLI-based text editor for
+Linux. It takes some time to master it but it has a great number of utilities,
+which makes it a favorite for Linux users.
+
+For detailed knowledge of VIM, kindly refer to the articles [**Beginner 's
+Guide to LVM (Logical Volume Management)** & **Working with Vi/Vim Editor :
+Advanced concepts.**][5]
+
+### 13- ssh command
+
+SSH utility is to remotely access another machine from the current Linux
+machine. To access a machine, execute
+
+ **$ ssh[[email protected]][6] OR machine_name**
+
+Once we have remote access to machine, we can work on CLI of that machine as
+if we are working on local machine.
+
+### 14- tar command
+
+'tar' command is used to compress & extract the files\folders. To compress the
+files\folders using tar, execute
+
+ **$ tar -cvf file.tar file_name**
+
+where file.tar will be the name of compressed folder & 'file_name' is the name
+of source file or folders. To extract a compressed folder,
+
+ **$ tar -xvf file.tar**
+
+For more details on 'tar' command, read [**Tar command : Compress & Decompress
+the files\directories**][7]
+
+###  15- locate command
+
+'locate' command is used to locate files & folders on your Linux machines. To
+use it, run
+
+ **$ locate file_name**
+
+### 16- grep command
+
+'grep' command another very important command that a Linux administrator
+should know. It comes especially handy when we want to grab a keyword or
+multiple keywords from a file. Syntax for using it is,
+
+ **$ grep 'pattern' file.txt**
+
+It will search for 'pattern' in the file 'file.txt' and produce the output on
+the screen. We can also redirect the output to another file,
+
+ **$ grep 'pattern' file.txt > newfile.txt**
+
+### 17- ps command
+
+'ps' command is especially used to get the process id of a running process. To
+get information of all the processes, run
+
+ **$ ps -ef**
+
+To get information regarding a single process, executed
+
+ **$ ps -ef | grep java**
+
+### 18- kill command
+
+'kill' command is used to kill a running process. To kill a process we will
+need its process id, which we can get using above 'ps' command. To kill a
+process, run
+
+ **$ kill -9 process_id**
+
+### 19- ls command
+
+'ls' command is used list all the files in a directory. To use it, execute
+
+ **$ ls**
+
+### 20- mkdir command
+
+To create a directory in Linux machine, we use command 'mkdir'. Syntax for
+using 'mkdir' is
+
+ **$ mkdir new_dir**
+
+These were some of the useful linux commands that every System Admin should
+know, we will soon be sharing another list of some more important commands
+that you should know being a Linux lover. You can also leave your suggestions
+and queries in the comment box below.
+
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://linuxtechlab.com/useful-linux-commands-you-should-know/
+
+作者：[][a]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]:http://linuxtechlab.com
+[1]:http://linuxtechlab.com/ifconfig-command-learn-examples/
+[2]:http://linuxtechlab.com/scheduling-important-jobs-crontab/
+[3]:http://linuxtechlab.com/linux-disk-cloning-using-dd-cat-commands/
+[4]:http://linuxtechlab.com/du-df-commands-examples/
+[5]:http://linuxtechlab.com/working-vivim-editor-advanced-concepts/
+[6]:/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#bbcec8dec9d5dad6defbf2ebdadfdfc9dec8c8
+[7]:http://linuxtechlab.com/tar-command-compress-decompress-files
+[8]:https://www.facebook.com/linuxtechlab/
+[9]:https://twitter.com/LinuxTechLab
+[10]:https://plus.google.com/+linuxtechlab
+[11]:http://linuxtechlab.com/contact-us-2/
+