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选题: Useful Linux Commands that you should know
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Useful Linux Commands that you should know
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======
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If you are Linux system administrator or just a Linux enthusiast/lover, than
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you love & use command line aks CLI. Until some years ago majority of Linux
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work was accomplished using CLI only & even there are some limitations to GUI
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. Though there are plenty of Linux distributions that can complete tasks with
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GUI but still learning CLI is major part of mastering Linux.
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To this effect, we present you list of useful Linux commands that you should
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know.
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**Note:-** There is no definite order to all these commands & all of these
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commands are equally important to learn & master in order to excel in Linux
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administration. One more thing, we have only used some of the options for each
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command for an example, you can refer to 'man pages' for complete list of
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options for each command.
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### 1- top command
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'top' command displays the real time summary/information of our system. It
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also displays the processes and all the threads that are running & are being
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managed by the system kernel.
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Information provided by top command includes uptime, number of users, Load
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average, running/sleeping/zombie processes, CPU usage in percentage based on
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users/system etc, system memory free & used, swap memory etc.
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To use top command, open terminal & execute the comamnd,
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**$ top**
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To exit out the command, either press 'q' or 'ctrl+c'.
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### 2- free command
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'free' command is used to specifically used to get the information about
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system memory or RAM. With this command we can get information regarding
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physical memory, swap memory as well as system buffers. It provided amount of
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total, free & used memory available on the system.
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To use this utility, execute following command in terminal
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**$ free**
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It will present all the data in kb or kilobytes, for megabytes use options
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'-m' & '-g ' for gb.
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#### 3- cp command
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'cp' or copy command is used to copy files among the folders. Syntax for using
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'cp' command is,
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**$ cp source destination**
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### 4- cd command
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'cd' command is used for changing directory . We can switch among directories
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using cd command.
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To use it, execute
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**$ cd directory_location**
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### 5- ifconfig
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'Ifconfig' is very important utility for viewing & configuring network
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information on Linux machine.
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To use it, execute
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**$ ifconfig**
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This will present the network information of all the networking devices on the
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system. There are number of options that can be used with 'ifconfig' for
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configuration, in fact they are some many options that we have created a
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separate article for it ( **Read it here ||[IFCONFIG command : Learn with some
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examples][1]** ).
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### 6- crontab command
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'Crontab' is another important utility that is used schedule a job on Linux
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system. With crontab, we can make sure that a command or a script is executed
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at the pre-defined time. To create a cron job, run
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**$ crontab -e**
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To display all the created jobs, run
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**$ crontab -l**
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You can read our detailed article regarding crontab ( **Read it here ||[
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Scheduling Important Jobs with Crontab][2]** )
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### 7- cat command
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'cat' command has many uses, most common use is that it's used to display
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content of a file,
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**$ cat file.txt**
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But it can also be used to merge two or more file using the syntax below,
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**$ cat file1 file2 file3 file4 > file_new**
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We can also use 'cat' command to clone a whole disk ( **Read it here ||
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[Cloning Disks using dd & cat commands for Linux systems][3]** )
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### 8- df command
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'df' command is used to show the disk utilization of our whole Linux file
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system. Simply run.
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**$ df**
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& we will be presented with disk complete utilization of all the partitions on
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our Linux machine.
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### 9- du command
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'du' command shows the amount of disk that is being utilized by the files &
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directories on our Linux machine. To run it, type
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**$ du /directory**
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( **Recommended Read :[Use of du & df commands with examples][4]** )
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### 10- mv command
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'mv' command is used to move the files or folders from one location to
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another. Command syntax for moving the files/folders is,
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**$ mv /source/filename /destination**
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We can also use 'mv' command to rename a file/folder. Syntax for changing name
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is,
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**$ mv file_oldname file_newname**
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### 11- rm command
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'rm' command is used to remove files\folders from Linux system. To use it, run
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**$ rm filename**
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We can also use '-rf' option with 'rm' command to completely remove a
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file\folder from the system but we must use this with caution.
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### 12- vi/vim command
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VI or VIM is very famous & one of the widely used CLI-based text editor for
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Linux. It takes some time to master it but it has a great number of utilities,
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which makes it a favorite for Linux users.
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For detailed knowledge of VIM, kindly refer to the articles [**Beginner 's
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Guide to LVM (Logical Volume Management)** & **Working with Vi/Vim Editor :
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Advanced concepts.**][5]
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### 13- ssh command
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SSH utility is to remotely access another machine from the current Linux
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machine. To access a machine, execute
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**$ ssh[[email protected]][6] OR machine_name**
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Once we have remote access to machine, we can work on CLI of that machine as
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if we are working on local machine.
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### 14- tar command
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'tar' command is used to compress & extract the files\folders. To compress the
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files\folders using tar, execute
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**$ tar -cvf file.tar file_name**
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where file.tar will be the name of compressed folder & 'file_name' is the name
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of source file or folders. To extract a compressed folder,
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**$ tar -xvf file.tar**
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For more details on 'tar' command, read [**Tar command : Compress & Decompress
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the files\directories**][7]
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### 15- locate command
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'locate' command is used to locate files & folders on your Linux machines. To
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use it, run
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**$ locate file_name**
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### 16- grep command
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'grep' command another very important command that a Linux administrator
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should know. It comes especially handy when we want to grab a keyword or
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multiple keywords from a file. Syntax for using it is,
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**$ grep 'pattern' file.txt**
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It will search for 'pattern' in the file 'file.txt' and produce the output on
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the screen. We can also redirect the output to another file,
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**$ grep 'pattern' file.txt > newfile.txt**
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### 17- ps command
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'ps' command is especially used to get the process id of a running process. To
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get information of all the processes, run
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**$ ps -ef**
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To get information regarding a single process, executed
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**$ ps -ef | grep java**
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### 18- kill command
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'kill' command is used to kill a running process. To kill a process we will
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need its process id, which we can get using above 'ps' command. To kill a
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process, run
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**$ kill -9 process_id**
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### 19- ls command
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'ls' command is used list all the files in a directory. To use it, execute
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**$ ls**
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### 20- mkdir command
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To create a directory in Linux machine, we use command 'mkdir'. Syntax for
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using 'mkdir' is
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**$ mkdir new_dir**
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These were some of the useful linux commands that every System Admin should
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know, we will soon be sharing another list of some more important commands
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that you should know being a Linux lover. You can also leave your suggestions
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and queries in the comment box below.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linuxtechlab.com/useful-linux-commands-you-should-know/
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作者：[][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://linuxtechlab.com
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[1]:http://linuxtechlab.com/ifconfig-command-learn-examples/
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[2]:http://linuxtechlab.com/scheduling-important-jobs-crontab/
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[3]:http://linuxtechlab.com/linux-disk-cloning-using-dd-cat-commands/
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[4]:http://linuxtechlab.com/du-df-commands-examples/
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[5]:http://linuxtechlab.com/working-vivim-editor-advanced-concepts/
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[6]:/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#bbcec8dec9d5dad6defbf2ebdadfdfc9dec8c8
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[7]:http://linuxtechlab.com/tar-command-compress-decompress-files
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[8]:https://www.facebook.com/linuxtechlab/
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[9]:https://twitter.com/LinuxTechLab
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[10]:https://plus.google.com/+linuxtechlab
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[11]:http://linuxtechlab.com/contact-us-2/
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