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139
sources/tech/20200525 How to Properly Install and Setup KDE Plasma on Arch Linux.md
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: ( )
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (How to Properly Install and Setup KDE Plasma on Arch Linux)
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/install-kde-arch-linux/)
[#]: author: (Dimitrios Savvopoulos https://itsfoss.com/author/dimitrios/)
How to Properly Install and Setup KDE Plasma on Arch Linux
======
I believe you followed the [fantastic It’s FOSS guide on installing Arch Linux][1]. The guide ends with steps mentioning the installation procedure for [GNOME desktop][2].
Now, not everyone is a GNOME fan and several readers requested that we show them how to configure the [KDE desktop][3] on [Arch Linux][4].
And thus I created this guide to demonstrate the steps for properly installing and configuring KDE desktop (also known as KDE Plasma desktop) on Arch Linux.
### How to install and setup KDE desktop environment on Arch Linux
![][5]
Please keep in mind that KDE doesn’t allow login as root directly. If you have installed Arch Linux and using it as root, you should create a new user and give it sudo rights for running commands as root.
If you just have a bare minimum installation of Arch Linux, you probably are logging into a TTY terminal. If you are using some other desktop environment, steps remain the same.
Let’s go!
#### Step 1: Create a sudo user (if you have only root user)
You can use the [useradd command][6] for creating a new user. I am creating user named dimitrios (that’s my name). You can use something that matches your name.
The option -m creates a home directory for the newly created user.
```
useradd -m dimitrios
```
You should also set a password for this user. Use this command:
```
passwd dimitrios
```
Now that you have created the user, give it sudo access. First, install sudo and a [command line text editor][7] like [nano][8]:
```
pacman -S sudo nano
```
The configuration file for sudo is /etc/sudoers. It should always be edited with the visudo command. visudo locks the sudoers file, saves edits to a temporary file, and checks that file’s grammar before copying it to /etc/sudoers.
To use nano as the visudo editor, use:
```
EDITOR=nano visudo
```
Add the following line like I do in the example, then save and exit.
```
dimitrios ALL=(ALL) ALL
```
![Adding Sudoer in Arch Linux][9]
Save your changes and exit the editor. You now have a sudo user on Arch Linux.
#### Step 2: Installing KDE Plasma desktop
To run KDE desktop, you need the following packages:
* [Xorg][10] group
* [KDE Plasma][3] Desktop Environment
* [Wayland][11] session for KDE Plasma
* [KDE applications][12] group (consists of KDE specific applications including the Dolphin manager and other useful apps)
You can install of the above using the following command:
```
pacman -S xorg plasma plasma-wayland-session kde-applications
```
Once installed, enable the Display Manager and Network Manager services:
```
systemctl enable sddm.service
systemctl enable NetworkManager.service
```
Almost there. Shutdown your system:
```
shutdown now
```
Power on your system and you should see the KDE login. Do you remember the password you set up for your sudo user? Use it to login.
![Arch KDE Plasma Desktop][13]
#### What next?
You may want to explore the [essential pacman commands][14], to know what’s going on with the [Arch User Repository][15] and learn more about [AUR helpers][16].
I hope you found this tutorial helpful in installing KDE desktop on Arch Linux. Please let us know in the comments below, if you encountered any obstacle or difficulty during the installation.
What’s your favourite Desktop environment or Window Manager? Let us know and don’t forget to subscribe on our social media.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://itsfoss.com/install-kde-arch-linux/
作者：[Dimitrios Savvopoulos][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/dimitrios/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/install-arch-linux/
[2]: https://www.gnome.org/
[3]: https://kde.org/plasma-desktop
[4]: https://www.archlinux.org/
[5]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/install-kde-arch-linux.png?ssl=1
[6]: https://linuxhandbook.com/useradd-command/
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/command-line-text-editors-linux/
[8]: https://www.nano-editor.org/
[9]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/adding-sudoer-arch-linux.png?ssl=1
[10]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xorg
[11]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Wayland
[12]: https://www.archlinux.org/groups/x86_64/kde-applications/
[13]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Arch-Plasma-desktop.jpg?fit=800%2C450&ssl=1
[14]: https://itsfoss.com/pacman-command/
[15]: https://itsfoss.com/aur-arch-linux/
[16]: https://itsfoss.com/best-aur-helpers/

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sources/tech/20200526 Create interactive content in WordPress with the H5P plugin.md Normal file
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: ( )
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (Create interactive content in WordPress with the H5P plugin)
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/5/h5p-wordpress)
[#]: author: (Don Watkins https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins)
Create interactive content in WordPress with the H5P plugin
======
Turn your WordPress site into an interactive learning management system
with this open source plugin.
![Family learning and reading together at night in a room][1]
WordPress is best known as a website content management system, but it also a great [learning management system][2] (LMS) for delivering online courses. If that is what you are looking for out of WordPress, then [H5P][3] should be the top plugin on your list.
H5P is a way to create and share interactive HTML5 content, including presentations, games, quizzes, forms, and more, in a browser. You can download a wide variety of content types from H5P's [Examples and Downloads][4] page, or you can create unique content to embed in your WordPress site.
H5P provides plugins and integrations for WordPress, Moodle, Drupal, Canvas, Brightspace, Blackboard, and more. In this article, I will show how to use H5P in WordPress to create a reading comprehension quiz for students.
### Install the H5P plugin
The first step is to install the plugin. Log into your WordPress admin panel, go to **Plugins**, select **Add New**, and search for **H5P** in the Plugins field. When you find it, select **Install Now**.
![Adding the H5P plugin][5]
(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][6])
H5P should now appear in the list of installed plugins. Be sure to **Activate** the plugin by going to the H5P menu at the bottom of your WordPress admin panel and clicking the button. You will see the following display—be sure to consent so you can connect to the H5P Hub.
![H5P consent option][7]
(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][6])
Now you can begin adding H5P content to your WordPress installation.
### Create a quiz
One of my favorite poems is Robert Frost's "The Road Not Taken." Suppose you are teaching a class that is studying this poem, and one of your objectives is for your students to remember the poem's author. First, create a new WordPress post on your site that contains the poem's text and its author.
![Creating a WordPress post][8]
(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][6])
Now you want to test your students' comprehension with an HTML5 interactive content embedded below the poem.
In the WordPress admin panel, look near the bottom for the **H5P Content** menu and select it. In the menu that appears, click **Add New**.
![H5P Content menu][9]
(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][6])
You will see an array of content options that are available. Since you want to create a multiple-choice quiz, look for the **Multiple Choice** option and click **Get** to its right.
![H5P content types][10]
(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][6])
A form will open for you to start creating the quiz. Fill in the required fields (marked with a red asterisk)—give your quiz a title (e.g., "Road Not Taken Quiz"), enter a question (e.g., "Who wrote, 'The Road Not Taken'?") and correct and incorrect answers, and select the correct answer in the dialog box. When you finish creating the quiz, save the content.
![H5P quiz][11]
(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][6])
### Embed the quiz in a post
Now you're ready to insert the quiz exactly where you want it to appear in your post. Open the post where you want to put the quiz (e.g., "The Road Not Taken" post) in your WordPress editor, and you should see an **Add H5P** button near the top of the interface. Place your cursor wherever you want the quiz to appear in the post, and click **Add H5P**. Your H5P content will appear in a dialog box like this:
![H5P list of interactive content][12]
(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][6])
Select the content you want, and H5P will insert an embed code (e.g., `[h5p id="1"]`) in the post, like this:
![H5P embed code in a post][13]
(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][6])
Save your post, then open it in your browser. The quiz is exactly where you wanted it to appear in the post:
![H5P quiz shown in the post][14]
(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][6])
When a student answers this question correctly, they get pleasant visual feedback:
![Correct answer selection][15]
(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][6])
### The possibilities are endless
H5P offers a wide range of options to add interactivity to WordPress posts. In this example, you could have created a more complex set of multiple-choice questions. H5P also has lots of other content types, including interactive video, arithmetic quizzes, an audio recorder, image hotspots, fill-in-the-blank quizzes, and [many more][4].
H5P also provides [excellent documentation][16] and [great tutorials][17] to help anyone who wants to use the plugin on their WordPress site. H5P software is open source under the [MIT License][18] with the code available on [GitHub][19]. H5P also welcomes contributions to the community; check out the [developer guide][20] for more information.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/5/h5p-wordpress
作者：[Don Watkins][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/family_learning_kids_night_reading.png?itok=6K7sJVb1 (Family learning and reading together at night in a room)
[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_management_system
[3]: https://h5p.org/
[4]: https://h5p.org/content-types-and-applications
[5]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/addplugins-h5p.png (Adding the H5P plugin)
[6]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/h5p-consent.png (H5P consent option)
[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/wordpress-post.png (WordPress post)
[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/h5p-content-menu.png (H5P Content menu)
[10]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/h5p-content-types.png (H5P content types)
[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/h5p-multiple-choice-quiz.png (H5P quiz)
[12]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/h5p-insert-interactive-content.png (H5P list of interactive content)
[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/h5p-embedded-content.png (H5P embed code in a post)
[14]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/h5p-quiz.png (H5P quiz shown in the post)
[15]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/h5p-correct-answer.png (Correct answer selection)
[16]: https://h5p.org/documentation/setup/wordpress
[17]: https://h5p.org/documentation/for-authors/tutorials
[18]: https://h5p.org/MIT-licensed
[19]: https://github.com/h5p
[20]: https://h5p.org/developers

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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: ( )
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (How to write about open source software)
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/5/write-about-open-source-software)
[#]: author: (Dawn Parzych https://opensource.com/users/dawnparzych)
How to write about open source software
======
Become a better writer by following these tips.
![Typewriter in the grass][1]
One way to get started with an open source community is to write about it. You can contribute to technical documentation, share how you use the software, or write an article for Opensource.com. But getting started writing is easier said than done. The two most common excuses I hear for not writing are: "I have nothing new to say" and "I'm not a good writer." I'm here to dispel both of those myths.
### What should you write about?
> "Hunt for the stories that often get left out."
> —Erik Larson
For some people, the biggest hurdle to writing is generating an idea or topic to write about. It's common to fall into the trap of thinking, "This topic has been written about, so why bother."
I'm not the first person to write an article on writing, and I won't be the last. What I bring is my unique perspective and things I've learned over the years. I've had people ask me for tips on getting started or how to get better at writing. I decided to turn those suggestions into an article.
Your writing is a reflection of you. Nobody will tell the story the way you do. Your experiences and perspective may be just what somebody else needs.
Here are some prompts to help you come up with a topic:
* What is something you've recently learned? Write about how you learned, what you learned, or what surprised you.
* What questions are you frequently asked? Write up the answer.
* Did you recently search for a how-to article and weren't satisfied with any of the top search results? Write the article you were looking for.
* Did you attend a conference or workshop? Write a post-event summary of what you learned.
* Did you start using a new tool? Write up a how-to or getting-started guide.
### What type of article are you writing?
There are different types of writing, including:
* Technical documentation
* How-to guide
* Blog
* White paper or eBook
* Retrospective
The type of content will influence your writing style and tone of voice. A blog is more informal and conversational. Technical documentation is more formal and instructional.
### Who are you writing for?
Each piece of writing should have a single audience. The audience is the type of person you are writing for. Before you begin writing, it helps to jot down a few characteristics of your reader. It's important to consider who you are writing for, as well as who you _aren't_ writing for—identifying your target audience will shape what to include and what not to include.
For example, this is who I envisioned when writing this article:
* Has basic knowledge of writing and grammar
* Is interested in improving writing skills
* Works in technology as a developer, sales engineer, customer success manager, or similar role
* Is not an experienced or advanced writer, may have a couple of published articles on a personal or work blog, and wants to write more
* Is writing non-fiction
If you have content for multiple audiences, consider breaking it down into different pieces for the different audiences. Some areas to consider in your audience:
* Level of expertise: novice, intermediate, advanced
* Role: manager, individual contributor
* Goals: why are they reading?
### Words matter
The words you choose will have an impact on the reader. Difficult words can make an article harder to understand. Unfamiliar words can make the reader feel stupid. Certain words can accidentally offend a reader. Your goal as a writer is to avoid all of these. Here's how.
#### Use everyday language
Don't write as a way to show off your vocabulary or the words you've learned from your "Word of the Day" calendar. Write so a reader can understand. There is a reading level associated with every piece of writing. If you're writing technical documentation, aim for about an eighth-grade reading level. This doesn't imply your audience has only an eighth-grade education. It means your writing will be more easily understood. Do you want people to get hung up on the language, or do you want them to walk away feeling like they learned something? Just because you can use big, complicated words doesn't mean you should. Using simple language does not necessarily mean your article will be boring.
Use tools like [Hemingway App][2] to check the readability of your writing (it's not open source, but it's excellent). For example, after the first draft, this article was assessed at a fifth-grade reading level. Hemingway also provides suggestions on how to improve your writing—identifying hard-to-read sentences or places to alter word choice.
If you're struggling with coming up with alternative words, check out the suggestions at the [Plain English Campaign][3] or the crowdsourced suggestions at [Power Thesaurus][4].
#### Know which words to avoid
> "Substitute 'damn' every time you're inclined to write 'very'; your editor will delete it and the writing will be just as it should be."
> —Mark Twain
When writing a tutorial or how-to guide, here are some words to avoid, including "simple," "easy," and "just." You, an expert on the topic you're writing about, may find things easy after years of practice. A beginner may not find things simple or easy. Your readers may get frustrated because they don't find the process or explanation simple.
Have you ever had to reread a sentence or paragraph multiple times because you couldn't figure out what the writer was saying? Have you ever given up on an article because it wasn't making sense to you? I have.
As a writer, do you want your readers to feel confused or unintelligent? I hope not.
Other words to avoid in your writing:
* That
* Really
* Very
* So
* In order to
Generally, these words can be deleted without changing the meaning of a sentence.
After I finish writing, I search a document for instances of those words. When I searched through this document, I found the following sentence:
> "This doesn't imply that your audience only has an eighth-grade education, it means that your writing will be more easily understood."
Two instances of "that" appear in this sentence. They're not adding value to the sentence. They can be deleted without changing its meaning. Removing those instances shortens the sentence, and shorter sentences are easier to understand. And speaking of shorter sentences, I also re-wrote it as two sentences.
> "This doesn't imply your audience has only an eighth-grade education. It means your writing will be more easily understood."
#### Use inclusive language
The historical context of words and phrases can lead to people feeling excluded or offended. When writing, you want to make the reader feel included. When you use inclusive language, it makes your reader feel understood, respected, and like they belong. I refer to this [guide on using inclusive language][5] from Buffer.
### Revising and editing
> "Almost all good writing begins with terrible first efforts. You need to start somewhere."
> —Anne Lamott
Writing is an iterative process. If you think writers sit down at their desk and, within an hour, have a completed article ready to be published, think again. Some articles take me weeks to complete. Here's a standard process for me:
* Write a rough first draft. By rough, I mean _rough_. I write without worrying about grammar. The idea is to get words out of my head and onto paper. This step can take anywhere from an hour to a couple of weeks.
* Put the draft away for some time. This can be anywhere from a couple of hours to a couple of days, depending on the publishing timeline.
* Review the draft. Make tweaks and edits.
* Ask for feedback, either from a coworker or a friend. During this phase of feedback, I focus on clarity. Does everything make sense? Is anything confusing, any missing sections?
* Incorporate feedback. No matter how experienced you are at writing, other writers reviewing your work will make it better.
At this stage, I have a pretty solid draft. Now comes my least favorite part of writing—editing. The Hemingway App I mentioned earlier not only tells you the reading level but also provides suggestions to improve your writing. I also use Grammarly to help with grammar edits. For open source alternatives to Grammarly, check out [Language Tool][6] or this article on [open source writing tools][7].
One of my writing challenges is using commas appropriately. Grammarly helps me figure out where I miss or misuse a comma. Grammarly identified 43 issues related to the correctness of this article's final draft. The majority were comma errors.
![Errors identified by Grammarly][8]
(Dawn Parzych, [CC BY-SA 4.0][9])
In addition to grammatical errors, the app also provides suggestions to help with clarity, engagement, and delivery (some of these features may not be available in the free version). This includes things like word choice and using active vs. passive voice. Some suggestions I accept; others I reject. After reviewing all the alerts and suggestions, Grammarly reports back across all dimensions.
![Grammarly results][10]
(Dawn Parzych, [CC BY-SA 4.0][9])
Don't be afraid to ask for help with your writing. Behind every good writer is a good editor or a good editing app.
### Style guides
Style guides provide standards for improving communication in writing. They include aspects such as punctuation, grammar, and word usage. If writing a document for your company, check to see if it uses a style guide. If it doesn't have a style guide, or if you're writing for yourself, here are some common style guides to follow:
* [Chicago Manual of Style][11]
* [Google Developer Documentation Guide][12]
* [Microsoft Writing Style Guide][13]
* [AP Stylebook][14]
Writing is a way to share your thoughts and knowledge with the community. The only way to get started writing is to start typing. Use these suggestions to fine-tune your writing.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/5/write-about-open-source-software
作者：[Dawn Parzych][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/dawnparzych
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/doc-dish-lead.png?itok=h3fCkVmU (Typewriter in the grass)
[2]: http://www.hemingwayapp.com/
[3]: http://www.plainenglish.co.uk/the-a-z-of-alternative-words.html
[4]: https://www.powerthesaurus.org/
[5]: https://open.buffer.com/inclusive-language-tech/
[6]: https://languagetool.org/
[7]: https://opensource.com/article/20/3/open-source-writing-tools
[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/grammarlyerrors.png (Errors identified by Grammarly)
[9]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
[10]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/grammarlyresults.png (Grammarly results)
[11]: https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/home.html
[12]: https://developers.google.com/style
[13]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/style-guide/welcome/
[14]: https://www.apstylebook.com/

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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: ( )
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (How to Format a USB Disk as exFAT on Linux [Graphically and Command Line])
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/format-exfat-linux/)
[#]: author: (Dimitrios Savvopoulos https://itsfoss.com/author/dimitrios/)
How to Format a USB Disk as exFAT on Linux [Graphically and Command Line]
======
_**Brief: This tutorial teaches you how to format a USB disk in exFAT format on Linux systems. Both GUI and command line methods have been discussed.**_
For a long time [FAT][1] has been the default choice of filesystem for formatting disks. It is compatible with pretty much all the major operating systems.
The one major problem with FAT filesystem is that you cannot transfer a file larger than 4 GB. This means even if your USB disk has 32 GB of free space, if you try to transfer a ISO image or some other file greater than 4 GB in size, the transfer will fail.
This creates a problem in situation like when you are [creating a bootable USB of Windows in Linux][2]. You cannot use [NTFS][3] and FAT filesystem has that 4 GB size restrictions.
To overcome the limitations of FAT filesystem, Microsoft came up with [exFAT filesystem][4]. And in this tutorial, I’ll show you how to format a USB disk in exFAT filesystem.
* [Format disk as exFAT using graphical tool][5]
* [Format disk as exFAT using command line][6]
P**rerequisite**
Starting [Linux kernel 5.4][7], exFAT filesystem support is enabled in Linux kernel itself. [Check which Linux kernel version you are running][8]. If it is kernel 5.4 or higher, you should be fine.
Otherwise, you’ll have to [enable exFAT support][9] explicitly. In Ubuntu-based distributions, you can use these packages for this purpose:
**sudo apt install exfat-fuse exfat-utils**
### Method 1: Format disk as exFAT using GNOME Disks tool
![][10]
Formatting a drive using [GNOME Disks][11] is a straightforward job. It comes preinstalled in a number of Linux distributions.
Plug in your external USB disk. Now, look for Disks in menu and open the GNOME Disks application. As a first step choose the drive that you want to format and follow the steps with me.
_**Warning: Pay attention to the disk you are selecting to format. Don’t format your main disk accidentally.**_
![][12]
The commonly used file systems like Ext4, NTFS, FAT will appear first. To use exFAT, choose “**Other**” and then click on “**Next**“.
![][13]
Final step: choose exFAT file system on this screen and then click **Create**. Job done!
![][14]
See how easy it was to create a exFAT disk in Linux graphically? Now, let me show you the terminal method as well.
### Method 2: Format disk as exFAT in Linux command line (for advanced users)
[fdisk][15] is a dialogue-driven command-line utility that creates and manipulates partition tables and partitions on a hard disk. In fact, it is considered one of the [best partitioning tools for Linux][16].
Plug in your external hard disk then type the following command in the terminal:
```
sudo fdisk -l
```
![][17]
This will list down all the hard disks and partitions in your computer. Identify the partition that you want to format in your external hard disk. Size of the disks should give you a hint. For me, the USB disk was labelled as /dev/sdb1.
Once you have identified your USB disk, format it as exfat using the command below. Replace /dev/sdXn with your disk’s device ID. LABEL is basically the name you want to give to your disk like Data, MyUSB etc.
```
sudo mkfs.exfat -n LABEL /dev/sdXn
```
![][18]
Optionally, run fsck check to make sure the formatting has been done properly.
```
sudo fsck.exfat /dev/sdXn
```
That’s it. Enjoy the exFAT disk.
### Did you succeed to create exFAT disk?
I hope you find this tutorial simple enough, and a step forward to build a solid partitioning knowledge foundation.
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via: https://itsfoss.com/format-exfat-linux/
作者：[Dimitrios Savvopoulos][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/dimitrios/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Allocation_Table
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/bootable-windows-usb-linux/
[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS
[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ExFAT
[5]: tmp.YPwoWNgq9W#graphical-method
[6]: tmp.YPwoWNgq9W#command-line
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/linux-kernel-5-4/
[8]: https://itsfoss.com/find-which-kernel-version-is-running-in-ubuntu/
[9]: https://itsfoss.com/mount-exfat/
[10]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/format-exfat-linux.jpg?ssl=1
[11]: https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Disks
[12]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/1.-gnome-disks-2.png?ssl=1
[13]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2.-gnome-disks.jpg?ssl=1
[14]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/3.-gnome-disks.jpg?ssl=1
[15]: https://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Partition/fdisk_partitioning.html
[16]: https://itsfoss.com/partition-managers-linux/
[17]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/sudo-fdisk-l-1.jpg?ssl=1
[18]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/sdXn.jpg?ssl=1

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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (wxy)
[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (How to Properly Install and Setup KDE Plasma on Arch Linux)
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/install-kde-arch-linux/)
[#]: author: (Dimitrios Savvopoulos https://itsfoss.com/author/dimitrios/)
如何在 Arch Linux 上正确安装和设置 KDE Plasma？
======
我相信你是按照[这份很棒的指南安装来 Arch Linux][1] 的，这篇指南最后提到了 [GNOME 桌面][2]的安装步骤。
但现在，不是每个人都是 GNOME 的粉丝，有几个读者要求我们向他们展示如何在 [Arch Linux][4] 上配置 [KDE 桌面][3]。
因此，我创建了这个指南来演示如何在 Arch Linux 上正确安装和配置 KDE 桌面（也被称为 KDE Plasma桌面）的步骤。
### 如何在 Arch Linux 上安装和设置 KDE 桌面环境？
![][5]
请记住，KDE 不允许直接以 root 身份登录。如果你已经安装了 Arch Linux 并以 root 身份使用，你应该创建一个新的用户，并给它以 root 身份运行命令的 sudo 权限。
如果你只是最小化安装了 Arch Linux，那么你可能是以 TTY 终端方式登录的。如果你使用的是其他桌面环境，步骤也是一样的。
让我们开始吧!
#### 步骤 1：创建一个 sudo 用户（如果你只有 root 用户）
你可以使用 [useradd 命令][6]来创建一个新用户。我创建的用户名为 `dimitrios`（这是我的名字）。你可以使用与你的名字匹配的东西。
选项 `-m` 为新创建的用户创建一个主目录。
```
useradd -m dimitrios
```
你还应该为这个用户设置一个密码。使用此命令：
```
passwd dimitrios
```
现在你已经创建了用户，给它 sudo 权限。首先，安装 sudo 和一个像 [nano][8] 这样的[命令行文本编辑器][7]。
```
pacman -S sudo nano
```
sudo 的配置文件是 `/etc/sudoers`。该文件应该使用 `visudo` 来编辑，它会锁定 `sudoers` 文件，将编辑的内容保存到一个临时文件中，并在复制到 `/etc/sudoers` 之前检查该文件的语法。
要使用 `nano` 作为 `visudo` 编辑器，请这样设置:
```
EDITOR=nano visudo
```
像我的示例那样添加下面这一行，然后保存并退出。
```
dimitrios ALL=(ALL) ALL
```
![Adding Sudoer in Arch Linux][9]
保存你的更改，然后退出编辑器。你现在在 Arch Linux 上有了一个 sudo 用户。
#### 步骤 2 ：安装 KDE Plasma 桌面
要运行 KDE 桌面，你需要以下软件包。
* [Xorg][10] 组
* [KDE Plasma][3] 桌面环境
* [Wayland][11] KDE Plasma 的会话
* [KDE 应用程序][12]组（包括 KDE 特有的应用程序：Dolphin 管理器和其他有用的应用程序）。
你可以用下面的命令安装上述部分。
```
pacman -S xorg plasma plasma-wayland-session kde-applications
```
安装后，启用显示管理器和网络管理器服务。
```
systemctl enable sddm.service
systemctl enable NetworkManager.service
```
快完成了。关闭你的系统。
```
shutdown now
```
重新打开系统电源，你应该会看到 KDE 的登录界面。你还记得为你的 sudo 用户设置的密码吗？用它来登录。
![Arch KDE Plasma Desktop][13]
#### 接下来？
你可能会想探索一下[基本的 pacman 命令][14]，了解一下 [Arch 用户资源库][15]，了解一下 [AUR 助手][16]。
希望这篇教程对你在 Arch Linux 上安装 KDE 桌面有所帮助。如果你在安装过程中遇到任何障碍或困难，请在下面的评论中告诉我们。
你最喜欢的桌面环境或窗口管理器是什么？请告诉我们，别忘了在我们的社交媒体上订阅。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://itsfoss.com/install-kde-arch-linux/
作者：[Dimitrios Savvopoulos][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/dimitrios/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/install-arch-linux/
[2]: https://www.gnome.org/
[3]: https://kde.org/plasma-desktop
[4]: https://www.archlinux.org/
[5]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/install-kde-arch-linux.png?ssl=1
[6]: https://linuxhandbook.com/useradd-command/
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/command-line-text-editors-linux/
[8]: https://www.nano-editor.org/
[9]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/adding-sudoer-arch-linux.png?ssl=1
[10]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xorg
[11]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Wayland
[12]: https://www.archlinux.org/groups/x86_64/kde-applications/
[13]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Arch-Plasma-desktop.jpg?fit=800%2C450&ssl=1
[14]: https://itsfoss.com/pacman-command/
[15]: https://itsfoss.com/aur-arch-linux/
[16]: https://itsfoss.com/best-aur-helpers/