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62
sources/talk/20200219 A -399 device that translates brain signals into digital commands.md Normal file
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: ( )
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (A $399 device that translates brain signals into digital commands)
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3526446/nextmind-wearable-device-translates-brain-signals-into-digital-commands.html)
[#]: author: (Patrick Nelson https://www.networkworld.com/author/Patrick-Nelson/)
A $399 device that translates brain signals into digital commands
======
Startup NextMind is readying a $399 development kit for its brain-computer interface technology that enables users to interact, hands-free, with computers and VR/AR headsets.
MetamorWorks / Getty Images
Scientists have long envisioned brain-sensing technology that can translate thoughts into digital commands, eliminating the need for computer-input devices like a keyboard and mouse. One company is preparing to ship its latest contribution to the effort: a $399 development package for a noninvasive, AI-based, brain-computer interface.
The kit will let "users control anything in their digital world by using just their thoughts," [NextMind][1], a commercial spinoff of a cognitive neuroscience lab claims in a [press release][2].
[[Get regularly scheduled insights by signing up for Network World newsletters.]][3]
The company says that its puck-like device inserts into a cap or headband and rests on the back of the head. The dry electrode-based receiver then grabs data from the electrical signals generated through neuron activity. It uses machine learning algorithms to convert that signal output into computer controls. The interaction could be with a computer, artificial-reality or virtual-reality headset, or [IoT][4] module.
"Imagine taking your phone to send a text message without ever touching the screen, without using Siri, just by using the speed and power of your thoughts," said NextMind founder Sid Kouider in a [video presentation][5] at Helsinki startup conference Slush in late 2019.
Advances in neuroscience are enabling real-time consciousness-decoding, without surgery or a doctor visit, according to Kouider.
One obstacle that has thwarted previous efforts is the human skull, which can act as a barrier to sensors. It’s been difficult for scientists to differentiate indicators from noise, and some past efforts have only been able to discern basic things, such as whether or not a person is in a state of sleep or relaxation. New materials, better sensors, and more sophisticated algorithms and modeling have overcome some of those limitations. NextMind’s noninvasive technology "translates the data in real time," Kouider says.
Essentially, what happens is that a person’s eyes project an image of what they see onto the visual cortex in the back of the head, a bit like a projector. The NextMind device decodes the neural activity created as the object is viewed and sends that information, via an SDK, back as an input to a computer. So, by fixing one’s gaze on an object, one selects that object. For example, a user could select a screen icon by glancing at it.
[][6]
"The demos were by no means perfect, but there was no doubt in my mind that the technology worked," [wrote VentureBeat writer Emil Protalinski][7], who tested a pre-release device in January.
Kouider has stated it’s the "intent" aspect of the technology that’s most interesting; if a person focuses on one thing more than something else, the technology can decode the neural signals to capture that user’s intent.
"It really gives you a kind of sixth sense, where you can feel your brain in action, thanks to the feedback loop between your brain and a display," Kouider says in the Slush presentation.
Join the Network World communities on [Facebook][8] and [LinkedIn][9] to comment on topics that are top of mind.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3526446/nextmind-wearable-device-translates-brain-signals-into-digital-commands.html
作者：[Patrick Nelson][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Patrick-Nelson/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://www.next-mind.com/
[2]: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200105005107/en/CES-2020-It%E2%80%99s-Mind-Matter
[3]: https://www.networkworld.com/newsletters/signup.html
[4]: http://www.networkworld.com/cms/article/3207535
[5]: https://youtu.be/RHuaNDSxH0o
[6]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3440100/take-the-intelligent-route-with-consumption-based-storage.html?utm_source=IDG&utm_medium=promotions&utm_campaign=HPE21620&utm_content=sidebar ( Take the Intelligent Route with Consumption-Based Storage)
[7]: https://venturebeat.com/2020/01/05/nextmind-is-building-a-real-time-brain-computer-interface-unveils-dev-kit-for-399/
[8]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
[9]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world

54
sources/talk/20200219 Fedora at the Czech National Library of Technology.md Normal file
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: ( )
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (Fedora at the Czech National Library of Technology)
[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/fedora-at-the-national-library-of-technology/)
[#]: author: (Ben Cotton https://fedoramagazine.org/author/bcotton/)
Fedora at the Czech National Library of Technology
======
![][1]
Where do you turn when you have a fleet of public workstations to manage? If you’re the Czech [National Library of Technology][2] (NTK), you turn to Fedora. Located in Prague, the NTK is the Czech Republic’s largest science and technology library. As part of its public service mission, the NTK provides 150 workstations for public use.
In 2018, the NTK moved these workstations from Microsoft Windows to Fedora. In the [press release][3] announcing this change, Director Martin Svoboda said switching to Fedora will “reduce operating system support costs by about two-thirds.” The choice to use Fedora was easy, according to NTK Linux Engineer Miroslav Brabenec. “Our entire Linux infrastructure runs on RHEL or CentOS. So for desktop systems, Fedora was the obvious choice,” he told Fedora Magazine.
### User reception
Changing an operating system is always a little bit risky—it requires user training and outreach. Brabenec said that non-IT staff asked for training on the new system. Once they learned that the same (or compatible) software was available, they were fine.
The Library’s customers were on board right away. The Windows environment was based on thin client terminals, which were slow for intensive tasks like video playback and handling large office suite files. The only end-user education that the NTK needed to create was a [basic usage guide][4] and a desktop wallpaper that pointed to important UI elements.
![User guidance desktop wallpaper from the National Technology Library.][5]
Although Fedora provides development tools used by the Faculty of Information Technology at the Czech Technical University—and many of the NTK’s workstation users are CTU students—most of the application usage is what you might expect of a general-purpose workstation. Firefox dominates the application usage, followed by the Evince PDF viewer,  and the LibreOffice suite.
### Updates
NTK first deployed the workstations with Fedora 28. They decided to skip Fedora 29 and upgraded to Fedora 30 in early June 2019. The process was simple, according to Brabenec. “We prepared configuration, put it into Ansible. Via AWX I restarted all systems to netboot, image with kickstart, after first boot called provisioning callback on AWX, everything automatically set up via Ansible.”
Initially, they had difficulties applying updates. Now they have a process for installing security updates daily. Each system is rebooted approximately every two weeks to make sure all of the updates get applied.
Although he isn’t aware of any concrete plans for the future, Brabenec expects the NTK to continue using Fedora for public workstations. “Everyone is happy with it and I think that no one has a good reason to change it.”
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://fedoramagazine.org/fedora-at-the-national-library-of-technology/
作者：[Ben Cotton][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/bcotton/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/czech-techlib-816x345.png
[2]: https://www.techlib.cz/en/
[3]: https://www.techlib.cz/default/files/download/id/86431/tiskova-zprava-z-31-7-2018.pdf
[4]: https://www.techlib.cz/en/82993-public-computers
[5]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/ntk-wallpaper-1024x576.jpeg

84
sources/talk/20200219 Multicloud, security integration drive massive SD-WAN adoption.md Normal file
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: ( )
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (Multicloud, security integration drive massive SD-WAN adoption)
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3527194/multicloud-security-integration-drive-massive-sd-wan-adoption.html)
[#]: author: (Michael Cooney https://www.networkworld.com/author/Michael-Cooney/)
Multicloud, security integration drive massive SD-WAN adoption
======
40% year-over year SD-WAN growth through 2022 is being fueled by relationships built between vendors including Cisco, VMware, Juniper, and Arista and service provders AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Anthos, and IBM RedHat.
[Gratisography][1] [(CC0)][2]
Increasing cloud adoption as well as improved network security, visibility and manageability are driving enterprise software-defined WAN ([SD-WAN][3]) deployments at a breakneck pace.
According to research from IDC, software- and infrastructure-as-a-service (SaaS and IaaS) offerings in particular have been driving SD-WAN implementations in the past year, said Rohit Mehra, vice president, network infrastructure at  IDC.
**Read about edge networking**
* [How edge networking and IoT will reshape data centers][4]
* [Edge computing best practices][5]
* [How edge computing can help secure the IoT][6]
For example, IDC says that its recent surveys of customers show that 95% will be using [SD-WAN][7] technology within two years, and that 42% have already deployed it. IDC also says the SD-WAN infrastructure market will hit $4.5 billion by 2022, growing at a more than 40% yearly clip between now and then.
“The growth of SD-WAN is a broad-based trend that is driven largely by the enterprise desire to optimize cloud connectivity for remote sites,” Mehra said.
Indeed the growth of multicloud networking is prompting many businesses to re-tool their networks in favor of SD-WAN technology, Cisco wrote recently. SD-WAN is critical for businesses adopting cloud services, acting as a connective tissue between the campus, branch, [IoT][8], [data center][9] and cloud.  The company said surveys show Cisco customers have, on average, 30 paid SaaS applications each. And that they are actually using many more – over 100 in several cases, the company said.
Part of this trend is driven by the relationships that networking vendors such as Cisco, VMware, Juniper, Arista and others have been building with the likes of Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, Google Anthos and IBM RedHat. 
An indicator of the growing importance of the SD-WAN and multicloud relationship came last December when AWS announced key services for its cloud offering that included new integration technologies such as [AWS Transit Gateway][10], which lets customers connect their Amazon Virtual Private Clouds and their on-premises networks to a single gateway. Aruba, Aviatrix Cisco, Citrix Systems, Silver Peak and Versa already announced support for the technology which promises to simplify and enhance the performance of SD-WAN integration with AWS cloud resources.
[][11]
Going forward the addition of features such as cloud-based application insights and performance monitoring will be a key part of SD-WAN rollouts, Mehra said.
While the SD-WAN and cloud relationship is growing, so, too, is the need for integrated security features.
“The way SD-WAN offerings integrate security is so much better than traditional ways of securing WAN traffic which usually involved separate packages and services," Mehra said. "SD-WAN is a much more agile security environment.” Security, analytics and WAN optimization are viewed as top SD-WAN component, with integrated security being the top requirement for next-generation SD-WAN solutions, Mehra said. 
Increasingly, enterprises will look less at point SD-WAN solutions and instead will favor platforms that solve a wider range of network management and security needs, Mehra said. They will look for SD-WAN platforms that integrate with other aspects of their IT infrastructure including corporate data-center networks, enterprise campus LANs, or [public-cloud][12] resources, he said. They will look for security services to be baked in, as well as support for a variety of additional functions such as visibility, analytics, and unified communications, he said.
“As customers continue to integrate their infrastructure components with software they can do things like implement consistent management and security policies based on user, device or application requirements across their LANs and WANs and ultimately achieve a better overall application experience,” Mehra said.
An emerging trend is the need for SD-WAN packages to support [SD-branch][13] technology. More than 70% of IDC's surveyed customers expect to use SD-Branch within next year, Mehra said.  In recent weeks [Juniper][14] and [Aruba][15] have enhanced SD-Branch offerings, a trend that is expected to continue this year. 
SD-Branch builds on the concepts and support of SD-WAN but is more specific to the networking and management needs of LANs in the branch. Going forward, how SD-Branch integrates other technologies such as analytics, voice, unified communications and video will be key drivers of that technology.  
Join the Network World communities on [Facebook][16] and [LinkedIn][17] to comment on topics that are top of mind.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3527194/multicloud-security-integration-drive-massive-sd-wan-adoption.html
作者：[Michael Cooney][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Michael-Cooney/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://www.pexels.com/photo/black-and-white-branches-tree-high-279/
[2]: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
[3]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3031279/sd-wan-what-it-is-and-why-you-ll-use-it-one-day.html
[4]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3291790/data-center/how-edge-networking-and-iot-will-reshape-data-centers.html
[5]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3331978/lan-wan/edge-computing-best-practices.html
[6]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3331905/internet-of-things/how-edge-computing-can-help-secure-the-iot.html
[7]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3489938/what-s-hot-at-the-edge-for-2020-everything.html
[8]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3207535/what-is-iot-the-internet-of-things-explained.html
[9]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3223692/what-is-a-data-centerhow-its-changed-and-what-you-need-to-know.html
[10]: https://aws.amazon.com/transit-gateway/
[11]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3440100/take-the-intelligent-route-with-consumption-based-storage.html?utm_source=IDG&utm_medium=promotions&utm_campaign=HPE21620&utm_content=sidebar ( Take the Intelligent Route with Consumption-Based Storage)
[12]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/2159885/cloud-computing-gartner-5-things-a-private-cloud-is-not.html
[13]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3250664/sd-branch-what-it-is-and-why-youll-need-it.html
[14]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3487801/juniper-broadens-sd-branch-management-switch-options.html
[15]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3513357/aruba-reinforces-sd-branch-with-security-management-upgrades.html
[16]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
[17]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world

94
sources/tech/20200130 Meet FuryBSD- A New Desktop BSD Distribution.md
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (Meet FuryBSD: A New Desktop BSD Distribution)
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/furybsd/)
[#]: author: (John Paul https://itsfoss.com/author/john/)
Meet FuryBSD: A New Desktop BSD Distribution
======
In the last couple of months, a few new desktop BSD have been announced. There is [HyperbolaBSD which was Hyperbola GNU/Linux][1] previously. Another new entry in the [BSD][2] world is [FuryBSD][3].
### FuryBSD: A new BSD distribution
![][4]
At its heart, FuryBSD is a very simple beast. According to [the site][5], “FuryBSD is a back to basics lightweight desktop distribution based on stock FreeBSD.” It is basically FreeBSD with a desktop environment pre-configured and several apps preinstalled. The goal is to quickly get a FreeBSD-based system running on your computer.
You might be thinking that this sounds a lot like a couple of other BSDs that are available, such as [NomadBSD][6] and [GhostBSD][7]. The major difference between those BSDs and FuryBSD is that FuryBSD is much closer to stock FreeBSD. For example, FuryBSD uses the FreeBSD installer, while others have created their own installers and utilities.
As it states on the [site][8], “Although FuryBSD may resemble past graphical BSD projects like PC-BSD and TrueOS, FuryBSD is created by a different team and takes a different approach focusing on tight integration with FreeBSD. This keeps overhead low and maintains compatibility with upstream.” The lead dev also told me that “One key focus for FuryBSD is for it to be a small live media with a few assistive tools to test drivers for hardware.”
Currently, you can go to the [FuryBSD homepage][3] and download either an XFCE or KDE LiveCD. A GNOME version is in the works.
### Who’s is Behind FuryBSD?
The lead dev behind FuryBSD is [Joe Maloney][9]. Joe has been a FreeBSD user for many years. He contributed to other BSD projects, such as PC-BSD. He also worked with Eric Turgeon, the creator of GhostBSD, to rewrite the GhostBSD LiveCD. Along the way, he picked up a better understanding of BSD and started to form an idea of how he would make a distribution on his own.
Joe is joined by several other devs who have also spent many years in the BSD world, such as Jaron Parsons, Josh Smith, and Damian Szidiropulosz.
### The Future for FuryBSD
At the moment, FuryBSD is nothing more than a pre-configured FreeBSD setup. However, the devs have a [list of improvements][5] that they want to make going forward. These include:
* A sane framework for loading, 3rd party proprietary drivers graphics, wireless
* Cleanup up the LiveCD experience a bit more to continue to make it more friendly
* Printing support out of box
* A few more default applications included to provide a complete desktop experience
* Integrated [ZFS][10] replication tools for backup and restore
* Live image persistence options
* A custom pkg repo with sane defaults
* Continuous integration for applications updates
* Quality assurance for FreeBSD on the desktop
* Tailored artwork, color scheming, and theming
* Directory services integration
* Security hardening
The devs make it quite clear that any changes they make will have a lot of thought and research behind them. They don’t want to compliment a feature, only to have to remove it or change it when it breaks something.
![FuryBSD desktop][11]
### How You Can Help FuryBSD?
At this moment the project is still very young. Since all projects need help to survive, I asked Joe what kind of help they were looking for. He said, “We could use help [answering questions on the forums][12], [GitHub][13] tickets, help with documentation are all needed.” He also said that if people wanted to add support for other desktop environments, pull requests are welcome.
### Final Thoughts
Although I have not tried it yet, I have a good feeling about FuryBSD. It sounds like the project is in capable hands. Joe Maloney has been thinking about how to make the best BSD desktop experience for over a decade. Unlike majority of Linux distros that are basically a rethemed Ubuntu, the devs behind FuryBSD know what they are doing and they are choosing quality over the fancy bells and whistles.
What are your thoughts on this new entry into the every growing desktop BSD market? Have you tried out FuryBSD or will you give it a try? Please let us know in the comments below.
If you found this article interesting, please take a minute to share it on social media, Hacker News or [Reddit][14].
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://itsfoss.com/furybsd/
作者：[John Paul][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/john/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/hyperbola-linux-bsd/
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/bsd/
[3]: https://www.furybsd.org/
[4]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/fury-bsd.jpg?ssl=1
[5]: https://www.furybsd.org/manifesto/
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/nomadbsd/
[7]: https://ghostbsd.org/
[8]: https://www.furybsd.org/furybsd-video-overview-at-knoxbug/
[9]: https://github.com/pkgdemon
[10]: https://itsfoss.com/what-is-zfs/
[11]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/FuryBSDS-desktop.jpg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
[12]: https://forums.furybsd.org/
[13]: https://github.com/furybsd
[14]: https://reddit.com/r/linuxusersgroup

103
sources/tech/20200219 Don-t like IDEs- Try grepgitvi.md Normal file
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: ( )
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (Don't like IDEs? Try grepgitvi)
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/2/no-ide-script)
[#]: author: (Yedidyah Bar David https://opensource.com/users/didib)
Don't like IDEs? Try grepgitvi
======
A simple and primitive script to open Vim with your file of choice.
![Files in a folder][1]
Like most developers, I search and read source code all day long. Personally, I've never gotten used to integrated development environments (IDEs), and for years, I mainly used **grep** and copy/pasted file names to open Vi(m).
Eventually, I came up with this script, slowly refining it as needed.
Its dependencies are [Vim][2] and [rlwrap][3], and it is open source under the Apache 2.0 license. To use the script, [put it in your PATH][4], and run it inside a directory of text files with:
```
`grepgitvi <grep options> <grep/vim search pattern>`
```
It will return a numbered list of search results, prompt you for the number of the result you want to use, and open Vim with that result. After you exit Vim, it will show the list again in a loop until you enter anything other than a result number. You can also use the Up and Down arrow keys to select a file; this makes it easier (for me) to find which results I've already looked at.
It's simple and primitive compared to modern IDEs, or even to more sophisticated uses of Vim, but that's what does the job for me.
### The script
```
#!/bin/bash
# grepgitvi - grep source files, interactively open vim on results
# Doesn't really have to do much with git, other than ignoring .git
#
# Copyright Yedidyah Bar David 2019
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
#
# Requires vim and rlwrap
#
# Usage: grepgitvi &lt;grep options&gt; &lt;grep/vim pattern&gt;
#
TMPD=$(mktemp -d /tmp/grepgitvi.XXXXXX)
UNCOLORED=${TMPD}/uncolored
COLORED=${TMPD}/colored
RLHIST=${TMPD}/readline-history
[ -z "${DIRS}" ] &amp;&amp; DIRS=.
cleanup() {
        rm -rf "${TMPD}"
}
trap cleanup 0
find ${DIRS} -iname .git -prune -o \\! -iname "*.min.css*" -type f -print0 &gt; ${TMPD}/allfiles
cat ${TMPD}/allfiles | xargs -0 grep --color=always -n -H "$@" &gt; $COLORED
cat ${TMPD}/allfiles | xargs -0 grep -n -H "$@" &gt; $UNCOLORED
max=`cat $UNCOLORED | wc -l`
pat="${@: -1}"
inp=''
while true; do
        echo "============================ grep results ==============================="
        cat $COLORED | nl
        echo "============================ grep results ==============================="
        prompt="Enter a number between 1 and $max or anything else to quit: "
        inp=$(rlwrap -H $RLHIST bash -c "read -p \"$prompt\" inp; echo \$inp")
        if ! echo "$inp" | grep -q '^[0-9][0-9]*$' || [ "$inp" -gt "$max" ]; then
                break
        fi
        filename=$(cat $UNCOLORED | awk -F: "NR==$inp"' {print $1}')
        linenum=$(cat $UNCOLORED | awk -F: "NR==$inp"' {print $2-1}')
        vim +:"$linenum" +"norm zz" +/"${pat}" "$filename"
done
```
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/2/no-ide-script
作者：[Yedidyah Bar David][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/didib
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/files_documents_paper_folder.png?itok=eIJWac15 (Files in a folder)
[2]: https://www.vim.org/
[3]: https://linux.die.net/man/1/rlwrap
[4]: https://opensource.com/article/17/6/set-path-linux

2
sources/tech/20200219 How to Install Latest Git Version on Ubuntu.md
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: ( )
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )

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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: ( )
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (How to conveniently unsubscribe from a mailing list)
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/2/how-unsubscribe-mailing-list)
[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth)
How to conveniently unsubscribe from a mailing list
======
Cut down on your email clutter by removing yourself from email lists you
no longer need.
![Photo by Anthony Intraversato on Unsplash][1]
If you're on an email discussion group long enough, at some point, you'll see an email from a list member asking to be unsubscribed. Typically, at least 10 other people on the list will respond with instructions on how to unsubscribe, and those 10 responses will be answered by 10 more people confirming or commenting on the instructions. That's a _lot_ of traffic to a mailing list just so one person can unsubscribe.
But unsubscribing from a list can be confusing, especially if you've gotten on the list by accident. It's frustrating to discover that you've been added to a list, and it's annoying that you have to take time out of your day to extricate yourself. This article is here to help make unsubscribing fast, easy, and graceful.
Never send an unsubscribe email to the same email address you use to post messages
### Unsubscribe by email
Mailing lists are controlled by mailing list software (like [GNU Mailman][2]) on a server. You probably aren't aware of the software controlling a mailing list you're on, because they're usually designed to stay out of the way and just deliver mail. But as a member of a mailing list, you actually have some user control over the software.
Some mailing lists allow you to unsubscribe using an automated email address. It can be a little confusing because the email address you use to unsubscribe is NOT the email address you use to send messages to the list. Essentially, you're sending a special command to the email server, telling it to take you off the list. This is a convenient method of unsubscribing because it means you don't have to compose a message or wait for anyone to take action. You speak directly to the computer sending the email, and it does exactly as it's told.
To unsubscribe from a list, take the email address of the list, add **-leave** just before the **@** symbol, and send a message. You can email a blank message; the computer doesn't care. The fact that you're emailing the list with the **-leave** command in front of the **@** symbol is all it needs.
Here's an example.
Say you've joined the mailing list Funny Squirrels. You send a few messages to [funnysquirrels@example.com][3] but soon find that squirrels are not as amusing as you'd hoped. To unsubscribe, you can send an email to:
```
`funnysquirrels-leave@example.com`
```
You may get a final confirmation email back, and then you'll hear from the mailing list no more.
#### Custom email commands
Sometimes the administrator of a mail server changes the command for unsubscribing. Ideally, they'll include the unsubscribe email address in the footer of emails sent to the mailing list, so check for that before sending your parting email.
The thing to keep in mind is that an unsubscribe email _never_ goes to the actual list, meaning you should never send an unsubscribe email to the same email address you use to post messages. There's a special, separate email address reserved for the unsubscribe command.
### Unsubscribing by webform
Some mailing lists have a webform for unsubscribing, and ideally, it can be found in the footer of each mailing list message. You can navigate to the webform and opt out of your subscription.
This method is common for commercial mailing lists, and it's sometimes a way for them to capture any feedback you have about the list, why you're leaving, and so on. Like the automated email method, the intent is for you to maintain full control of your own subscription. You never have to wait for a human to take you off of a list; instead, you can issue commands directly to a computer.
![Example unsubscribe web form][4]
A webform may send you a final confirmation email, and after that, you should hear nothing from that mailing list ever again.
### Unsubscribing like a pro
Leaving a mailing list is a guilt-free and nonaggressive act. When you want to leave a mailing list, you should be able to find an unsubscribe email address or webform to make it automated and final.
If, in spite of using the methods above, you can't leave a mailing list, don't email the list. Very few people on the mailing list have control over who is subscribed, and sometimes the people who have access to the list of subscribers are not monitoring the list—they're only maintaining the server. Instead, find out what server hosts the mailing list, and contact the hosting provider to alert them of the abuse.
You can find the host of a mailing list by searching for the server name (the part of the email address to the _right_ of the **@** symbol) on a **whois** service. If you're running Linux, you can do this from a terminal:
```
`$ whois <example.com>`
```
Otherwise, use the [Whois.net][5] website.
Whois provides the internet hosting provider of any email server plus the abuse and support contact information.
Remember: you are always free to leave a mailing list for any reason, without getting permission from anyone else. And now that you know how, you'll be able to unsubscribe like a pro!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/2/how-unsubscribe-mailing-list
作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/anthony-intraversato-pt_wqgzaiu8-unsplash.jpg?itok=5bbMlgt8 (Photo by Anthony Intraversato on Unsplash)
[2]: https://www.list.org/
[3]: mailto:funnysquirrels@example.com
[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/mail-webform.jpg (Example unsubscribe web form)
[5]: http://whois.net

240
sources/tech/20200219 How to find what you-re looking for on Linux with find.md Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: ( )
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (How to find what you’re looking for on Linux with find)
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3527420/how-to-find-what-you-re-looking-for-on-linux-with-find.html)
[#]: author: (Sandra Henry-Stocker https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/)
How to find what you’re looking for on Linux with find
======
The find command has a huge array of options to help you locate exactly the files you're looking for on a Linux system. This post explores a series of extremely useful commands.
CSA Images / Getty Images
There are a number of commands for finding files on Linux systems, but there are also a huge number of options that you can deploy when looking for them.
For example, you can find files not just by their names, but by their owners and/or groups, their age, their size, the assigned permissions, the last time they were accessed, the associated inodes and even whether the files belong to an account or group that no longer exists on the system and so on.
[[Get regularly scheduled insights by signing up for Network World newsletters.]][1]
You can also specify where a search should start, how deeply into the file system the search should reach and how much the search result will tell you about the files it finds.
And all these criteria can be handled by the **find** command.
Examples of finding files by these criteria are provided below. In some commands, errors (such as trying to list files that you don’t have read access to), error output will be sent to **/dev/null** so that we don’t have to look at it. In others, we’ll simply run as root to avoid this problem.
Keep in mind that additional options exist. This post covers a lot of ground, but not all of the ways that the **find** command can help locate files for you.
### Picking a starting point
With **find**, you can either select a point or start where you are. To select a starting spot, enter it following the word “find”. For example, “find /usr” or “find ./bin” would search starting the **/usr** directory or the **bin** directory in the current location while “find ~” would start in your home directory even if you’re currently located in some other location in the file system.
[][2]
### Picking what you want to see
One of the most commonly used search strategies is to search for files by name. This requires using the **-name** option.
By default, **find** will show you the full path to the files it finds. This is the same thing you would see if you add **-print** to your command. If you want to see the details associated with a file – its length, permissions, etc., you would need to add **-ls** to the end of your **find** command.
```
$ find ~/bin -name tryme
/home/shs/bin/tryme
$ find ~/bin -name tryme -print
/home/shs/bin/tryme
$ find ~/bin -name tryme -ls
917528 4 -rwx------ 1 shs shs 139 Apr 8 2019 /home/shs/bin/tryme
```
You can also find files using substrings. For example, if you replace "tryme" in the example above with "try*", you'll find all the files with names that begin with "try".
Finding files by name is probably the most typical use of the **find** command, but there are so many other ways to look for files and good reasons to want to. The sections below show how to use many of the other criteria available.
In addition, when searching for files by size, group, inode etc., you probably will want some confirmation that the files found match what you were looking for. Using the **-ls** option to display the details is often very helpful.
### Finding files by size
Finding files by size requires use of the **-size** option and a little finesse with the specifications. If you specify **-size 189b**, for you example, you’re going to find files that are 189 blocks long, not 189 bytes. For bytes, you would need to use **-size 189c** (characters). And, if you specify **-size 200w**, you’re going to find files that are 200 words – words as in "two-byte increments", not words as in "those things we all say to each other". You can also look for file by providing sizes in kilobytes (k), megabytes (M) and gigabytes (G).
Most of the time, Linux users will be searching for files that are larger than some selected size. For example, to find files that are larger than a gigabyte, you might use a command like this where the +1G means "larger than a gigabyte":
```
$ find -size +1G -ls 2>/dev/null
787715 1053976 -rw-rw-r-- 1 shs shs 1079263432 Dec 21 2018 ./backup.zip
801834 1052556 -rw-rw-r-- 1 shs shs 1077809525 Dec 21 2018 ./2019/hold.zip
```
### Finding files by inode #
You can find files by the inode that is used to maintain the file’s metadata (i.e., everything but the file content and file name).
```
$ find -inum 919674 -ls 2>/dev/null
919674 4 -rw-rw-r-- 1 shs shs 512 Dec 27 15:25 ./bin/my.log
```
### Finding files with a specific file owner or group
Finding files by owner or group is also very straightforward. Here we use sudo to overcome permission issues.
```
$ sudo find /home -user nemo -name "*.png"-ls
1705219 4 drwxr-xr-x 2 nemo nemo 4096 Jan 28 08:50 /home/nemo/Pictures/me.png
```
In this command, we look for a file that is owned by a multi-user group called “admins”.
```
# find /tmp -group admins -ls
262199 4 -rwxr-x--- 1 dory admins 27 Feb 16 18:57 /tmp/testscript
```
### Finding files with no owners or groups
You can look for files that don't belong to any users currently set up on the system by using the **-nouser** option as shown in the command below.
```
# find /tmp -nouser -ls
262204 4 -rwx------ 1 1016 1016 17 Feb 17 16:42 /tmp/hello
```
Notice that the listing shows the old user's UID and GID – a clear indication that this user is not defined on the system. This kind of command will find files that were likely created in other-than-home directories by users whose accounts have since been removed from the system or in home directories that were not removed after the user account was removed. Similarly, the **-nogroup** option would find such files – especially when these users were the only members of the associated groups.
### Finding files by last update time
In this command, we look for files that have been updated in the last 24 hours in a particular user's home directory. The **sudo** is being used to allow searching another user’s home directory.
```
$ sudo find /home/nemo -mtime -1
/home/nemo
/home/nemo/snap/cheat
/home/nemo/tryme
```
### Finding files by when permissions were last changed
The **-ctime** option can help you find files that have had their status (e.g., permissions) changed within some referenced time frame. Here’s an example of looking for files that had permission changes within the last day:
```
$ find . -ctime -1 -ls
787987 4 -rwxr-xr-x 1 shs shs 189 Feb 11 07:31 ./tryme
```
Keep in mind that the date and time displayed reflect the last updates to the file contents. You will have to use a command like **stat** to see all three times associated with a file (file creation, modification and status changes) .
### Finding files based on last access times
In this command, we look for local pdf files that were accessed within the last two days using the **-atime** option.
```
$ find -name "*.pdf" -atime -2
./Wingding_Invites.pdf
```
### Finding files based on their age relative to another file
You can use the -newer option to find files that are newer than some other file.
```
$ find . -newer dig1 -ls
786434 68 drwxr-xr-x 67 shs shs 69632 Feb 16 19:05 .
1064442 4 drwxr-xr-x 5 shs shs 4096 Feb 16 11:06 ./snap/cheat
791846 4 -rw-rw-r-- 1 shs shs 649 Feb 13 14:26 ./dig
```
There is no corresponding **-older** option, but you can get a similar result with **! -newer** (i.e., not newer), which means almost the same thing.
### Finding files by type
Finding a file by file type, you get a lot of choices – regular files, directories, block and character files, etc. Here’s a list of the file type options:
```
b block (buffered) special
c character (unbuffered) special
d directory
p named pipe (FIFO)
f regular file
l symbolic link
s socket
```
Here’s an example looking for symbolic links:
```
$ find . -type l -ls
805717 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 shs shs 11 Apr 10 2019 ./volcano -> volcano.pdf
918552 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 shs shs 1 Jun 16 2018 ./letter -> pers/letter2mom
```
### Limiting how deeply find should look
The **-mindepth** and **-maxdepth** options control how deeply into the file system (from the current location or starting point) your searches will look.
```
$ find -maxdepth 3 -name "*loop"
./bin/save/oldloop
./bin/long-loop
./private/loop
```
### Finding files only if empty
In this command, we look for empty files, but no further than directories and their subdirectories.
```
$ find . -maxdepth 2 -empty -type f -ls
917517 0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 shs shs 0 Sep 23 11:00 ./complaints/newfile
792050 0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 shs shs 0 Oct 4 19:02 ./junk
```
### Finding files by permissions
You can find files that have specific permissions set using the **-perm** option. In the example below, we are looking only for regular files (**-type f**) to avoid seeing symbolic links that are given these permissions by default even if the file they refer to is restricted.
```
$ find -perm 777 -type f -ls
find: ‘./.dbus’: Permission denied
798748 4 -rwxrwxrwx 1 shs shs 15 Mar 28 2019 ./runme
```
### Using find to help you get rid of files
You can use the find command to both locate and then remove files if you use a command like this one:
```
$ find . -name runme -exec rm {} \;
```
The {} represents the name of each of the files located by the search criteria.
One very useful option is to replace **-exec** with **-ok**. When you do this, **find** will ask for a confirmation before it removes any file.
```
$ find . -name runme -ok rm -rf {} \;
< rm ... ./bin/runme > ?
```
Removing a file isn't the only thing that **-ok** and **-rm** can do for you. For example, you could copy, rename or move files.
There are really a lot of options for using the find command effectively and undoubtedly some that haven’t been covered in this post. I hope you’ve found some that are new and especially promising.
Join the Network World communities on [Facebook][3] and [LinkedIn][4] to comment on topics that are top of mind.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3527420/how-to-find-what-you-re-looking-for-on-linux-with-find.html
作者：[Sandra Henry-Stocker][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://www.networkworld.com/newsletters/signup.html
[2]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3440100/take-the-intelligent-route-with-consumption-based-storage.html?utm_source=IDG&utm_medium=promotions&utm_campaign=HPE21620&utm_content=sidebar ( Take the Intelligent Route with Consumption-Based Storage)
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335
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@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: ( )
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (Try this Bash script for large filesystems)
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/2/script-large-files)
[#]: author: (Nick Clifton https://opensource.com/users/nickclifton)
Try this Bash script for large filesystems
======
A simple script to list files, directories, executables, and links.
![bash logo on green background][1]
Have you ever wanted to list all the files in a directory, but just the files, nothing else? How about just the directories? If you have, then the following script, which is open source under GPLv3, could be what you have been looking for.
Of course, you could use the **find** command:
```
`find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -print`
```
But this is cumbersome to type, produces unfriendly output, and lacks some of the refinement of the **ls** command. You could also combine **ls** and **grep** to achieve the same result:
```
`ls -F . | grep -v /`
```
But again, this is clunky. This script provides a simple alternative.
### Usage
The script provides four main functions, which depend upon which name you call: **lsf** lists files, **lsd** lists directories, **lsx** lists executables, and **lsl** lists links.
There is no need to install multiple copies of the script, as symbolic links work. This saves space and makes updating the script easier.
The script works by using the **find** command to do the searching, and then it runs **ls** on each item it finds. The nice thing about this is that any arguments given to the script are passed to the **ls** command. So, for example, this lists all files, even those that start with a dot:
```
`lsf -a`
```
To list directories in long format, use the **lsd** command:
```
`lsd -l`
```
You can provide multiple arguments, and also file and directory paths.
This provides a long classified listing of all of files in the current directory's parent directory, and in the **/usr/bin** directory:
```
`lsf -F -l .. /usr/bin`
```
One thing that the script does not currently handle, however, is recursion. This command lists only the files in the current directory.
```
`lsf -R`
```
The script does not descend into any subdirectories. This is something that may be fixed one day.
### Internals
The script is written in a top-down fashion with the initial functions at the start of the script and the body of the work performed near the end. There are only two functions that really matter in the script. The **parse_args()** function peruses the command line, separates options from pathnames, and scripts specific options from the **ls** command-line options.
The **list_things_in_dir()** function  takes a directory name as an argument and runs the **find** command on it. Each item found is passed to the **ls** command for display.
### Conclusion
This is a simple script to accomplish a simple function. It is a time saver and can be surprisingly useful when working with large filesystems.
### The script
```
#!/bin/bash
# Script to list:
#      directories (if called "lsd")
#      files       (if called "lsf")
#      links       (if called "lsl")
#  or  executables (if called "lsx")
# but not any other type of filesystem object.
# FIXME: add lsp   (list pipes)
#
# Usage:
#   &lt;command_name&gt; [switches valid for ls command] [dirname...]
#
# Works with names that includes spaces and that start with a hyphen.
#
# Created by Nick Clifton.
# Version 1.4
# Copyright (c) 2006, 2007 Red Hat.
#
# This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
# by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your
# option) any later version.
# It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
# ToDo:
#  Handle recursion, eg:  lsl -R
#  Handle switches that take arguments, eg --block-size
#  Handle --almost-all, --ignore-backups, --format and --ignore
main ()
{
  init
 
  parse_args ${1+"$@"}
  list_objects
  exit 0
}
report ()
{
  echo $prog": " ${1+"$@"}
}
fail ()
{
  report " Internal error: " ${1+"$@"}
  exit 1
}
# Initialise global variables.
init ()
{
  # Default to listing things in the current directory.
  dirs[0]=".";
 
  # num_dirs is the number of directories to be listed minus one.
  # This is because we are indexing the dirs[] array from zero.
  num_dirs=0;
 
  # Default to ignoring things that start with a period.
  no_dots=1
 
  # Note - the global variables 'type' and 'opts' are initialised in
  # parse_args function.
}
# Parse our command line
parse_args ()
{
  local no_more_args
  no_more_args=0 ;
  prog=`basename $0` ;
  # Decide if we are listing files or directories.
  case $prog in
    lsf | lsf.sh)
      type=f
      opts="";
      ;;
    lsd | lsd.sh)
      type=d
      # The -d switch to "ls" is presumed when listing directories.
      opts="-d";
      ;;
    lsl | lsl.sh)
      type=l
      # Use -d to prevent the listed links from being followed.
      opts="-d";
      ;;
    lsx | lsx.sh)
      type=f
      find_extras="-perm /111"
      ;;    
    *)
      fail "Unrecognised program name: '$prog', expected either 'lsd', 'lsf', 'lsl' or 'lsx'"
      ;;
  esac
  # Locate any additional command line switches for ls and accumulate them.
  # Likewise accumulate non-switches to the directories list.
  while [ $# -gt 0 ]
  do
    case "$1" in
      # FIXME: Handle switches that take arguments, eg --block-size
      # FIXME: Properly handle --almost-all, --ignore-backups, --format
      # FIXME:   and --ignore
      # FIXME: Properly handle --recursive
      -a | -A | --all | --almost-all)
        no_dots=0;
        ;;
      --version)
        report "version 1.2"
        exit 0
        ;;
      --help)
        case $type in
          d) report "a version of 'ls' that lists only directories" ;;
          l) report "a version of 'ls' that lists only links" ;;
          f) if [ "x$find_extras" = "x" ] ; then
               report "a version of 'ls' that lists only files" ;
             else
              report "a version of 'ls' that lists only executables";
             fi ;;
        esac
        exit 0
        ;;
      --)
        # A switch to say that all further items on the command line are
        # arguments and not switches.
        no_more_args=1 ;
        ;;
      -*)
        if [ "x$no_more_args" = "x1" ] ;
        then
          dirs[$num_dirs]="$1";
          let "num_dirs++"
        else
          # Check for a switch that just uses a single dash, not a double
          # dash.  This could actually be multiple switches combined into
          # one word, eg "lsd -alF".  In this case, scan for the -a switch.
          # XXX: FIXME: The use of =~ requires bash v3.0+.
          if [[ "x${1:1:1}" != "x-" &amp;&amp; "x$1" =~ "x-.*a.*" ]] ;
          then
            no_dots=0;
          fi
          opts="$opts $1";
        fi
        ;;
      *)
        dirs[$num_dirs]="$1";
        let "num_dirs++"
        ;;
    esac
    shift
  done
  # Remember that we are counting from zero not one.
  if [ $num_dirs -gt 0 ] ;
  then
    let "num_dirs--"
  fi
}
list_things_in_dir ()
{
  local dir
  # Paranoia checks - the user should never encounter these.
  if test "x$1" = "x" ;
  then
    fail "list_things_in_dir called without an argument"
  fi
  if test "x$2" != "x" ;
  then
    fail "list_things_in_dir called with too many arguments"
  fi
  # Use quotes when accessing $dir in order to preserve
  # any spaces that might be in the directory name.
  dir="${dirs[$1]}";
  # Catch directory names that start with a dash - they
  # confuse pushd.
  if test "x${dir:0:1}" = "x-" ;
  then
    dir="./$dir"
  fi
 
  if [ -d "$dir" ]
  then
    if [ $num_dirs -gt 0 ]
    then
      echo "  $dir:"
    fi
    # Use pushd rather passing the directory name to find so that the
    # names that find passes on to xargs do not have any paths prepended.
    pushd "$dir" &gt; /dev/null
    if [ $no_dots -ne 0 ] ; then
      find . -maxdepth 1 -type $type $find_extras -not -name ".*" -printf "%f\000" \
        | xargs --null --no-run-if-empty ls $opts -- ;
    else
      find . -maxdepth 1 -type $type $find_extras -printf "%f\000" \
        | xargs --null --no-run-if-empty ls $opts -- ;
    fi
    popd &gt; /dev/null
  else
    report "directory '$dir' could not be found"
  fi
}
list_objects ()
{
  local i
  i=0;
  while [ $i -le $num_dirs ]
  do
    list_things_in_dir i
    let "i++"
  done
}
# Invoke main
main ${1+"$@"}
```
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/2/script-large-files
作者：[Nick Clifton][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/nickclifton
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/bash_command_line.png?itok=k4z94W2U (bash logo on green background)

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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (Meet FuryBSD: A New Desktop BSD Distribution)
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/furybsd/)
[#]: author: (John Paul https://itsfoss.com/author/john/)
认识 FuryBSD：一个新的桌面 BSD 发行版
======
在过去的几个月中，出现了一些新的桌面 BSD。之前有 [HyperbolaBSD，它是 Hyperbola GNU/Linux][1]。[BSD][2] 世界中的另一个新入者是 [FuryBSD][3]。
### FuryBSD：一个新的BSD发行版
![][4]
从本质上讲，FuryBSD 是一个非常简单的发行版。根据[它的网站][5]：“FuryBSD 一个是基于 FreeBSD 的轻量级桌面发行版。” 它基本上是预配置了桌面环境，并预安装了多个应用的 FreeBSD。目标是在快速地你的计算机上运行基于 FreeBSD 的系统。
你可能会认为这听起来很像其他几个已有的 BSD，例如 [NomadBSD][6] 和 [GhostBSD][7]。这些 BSD 与 FuryBSD 之间的主要区别在于 FuryBSD 与现有的 FreeBSD 更加接近。例如，FuryBSD 使用 FreeBSD 安装程序，而其他发行版则用了自己的安装程序和工具。
正如[[它的网站][8]所说：“尽管 FuryBSD 可能类似于 PC-BSD 和 TrueOS 等图形化 BSD 项目，但 FuryBSD 是由不同的团队创建的，并且采用了与 FreeBSD 紧密集成的不同方法。这样可以降低开销，并保持与上游的兼容性。”开发领导还告诉我：“FuryBSD 的一个主要重点是使其成为一种小型 Live 媒体，并带有一些辅助工具来测试硬件驱动程序。”
当前，你可以进入 [FuryBSD 主页][3]并下载 XFCE 或 KDE LiveCD。GNOME 版本正在开发中。
### FuryBSD 的背后是谁
FuryBSD 的主要开发者是 [Joe Maloney][9]。Joe 多年来一直是 FreeBSD 的用户。他为 PC-BSD 等其他 BSD 项目做出了贡献。他还与 GhostBSD 的创建者 Eric Turgeon 一起重写了 GhostBSD LiveCD。在此过程中，他对 BSD 有了更好的了解，并开始形成自己如何进行发行的想法。
Joe 与其他参与 BSD 世界多年的开发者一起加入了开发，例如 Jaron Parsons、Josh Smith 和 Damian Szidiropulosz。
### FuryBSD 的未来
目前，FuryBSD 仅仅是预配置的 FreeBSD。但是，开发者有一份[要改进的清单][5]。包括：
* 可靠的加载框架、第三方专有图形驱动、无线
* 进一步整理 LiveCD 体验，以使其更加友好
* 开箱即用的打印支持
* 包含更多默认应用，以提供完整的桌面体验
* 集成的 [ZFS][10] 复制工具，用于备份和还原
* Live 镜像持久化选项
* 默认自定义 pkg 仓库
* 用于应用更新的持续集成
* 桌面 FreeBSD 的质量保证
* 自定义、色彩方案和主题
* 目录服务集成
* 安全加固
开发者非常清楚地表明，他们所做的任何更改都需要大量的思考和研究。他们不会赞美某个功能，只会在它破坏一些东西时删除或者修改它。
![FuryBSD desktop][11]
### 你可以如何帮助 FuryBSD？
目前，该项目还很年轻。由于所有项目都需要帮助才能生存，所以我问 Joe 他们正在寻求什么样的帮助。他说：“我们可以帮助[在论坛上回答问题][12]、回答 [GitHub][13] 上的问题，完善文档。”他还说如果人们想增加对其他桌面环境的支持，欢迎发起拉取请求。
### 最后的想法
尽管我还没有尝试过，但是我对 FuryBSD 感觉不错。听起来项目在掌握中。十多年来，Joe Maloney 一直在思考如何达到最佳的 BSD 桌面体验。与大多数 Linux 发行版基本上都是经过重新设计的 Ubuntu 不同，FuryBSD 背后的开发者知道他们在做什么，并且他们在更看重质量而不是花哨的功能。
你对这个在不断增长的桌面 BSD 市场的新入者怎么看？你尝试过 FuryBSD 或者会尝试一下吗？请在下面的评论中告诉我们。
如果你觉得这篇文章有趣，请在 Hacker News 或 [Reddit][14] 等社交媒体上分享它。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://itsfoss.com/furybsd/
作者：[John Paul][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/john/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/hyperbola-linux-bsd/
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/bsd/
[3]: https://www.furybsd.org/
[4]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/fury-bsd.jpg?ssl=1
[5]: https://www.furybsd.org/manifesto/
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/nomadbsd/
[7]: https://ghostbsd.org/
[8]: https://www.furybsd.org/furybsd-video-overview-at-knoxbug/
[9]: https://github.com/pkgdemon
[10]: https://itsfoss.com/what-is-zfs/
[11]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/FuryBSDS-desktop.jpg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
[12]: https://forums.furybsd.org/
[13]: https://github.com/furybsd
[14]: https://reddit.com/r/linuxusersgroup