document/TranslateProject
2
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git synced 2025-01-25 23:11:02 +08:00
Code Issues Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity

Merge pull request #5 from LCTT/master

Browse Source 
update
This commit is contained in:
littlebirdnest 2022-09-21 07:52:22 +08:00 committed by GitHub
commit b175bae989
No known key found for this signature in database
GPG Key ID: 4AEE18F83AFDEB23
14 changed files with 1562 additions and 174 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

140
published/20220608 Rufus for Linux- Here Are the Best Live USB Creating Tools.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
[#]: subject: "Rufus for Linux? Here Are the Best Live USB Creating Tools"
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/live-usb-creator-linux/"
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: "alfred-hong"
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-15052-1.html"
U 盘启动盘创建工具 Rufus 在 Linux 上不能使用？这里有 6 个替代品
======
![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202209/20/232656q7qc9vc9r6hn6bz9.jpg)
Rufus 一个用来创建启动盘的开源工具。它可以按照你的需求进行调整，用起来很简单。不仅用起来很方便，而且制作启动盘的速度也出奇的快。
遗憾的是，Rufus 不能在 Linux 上使用，它只能在 Windows 上使用。因此大多数在 Windows 上使用过 Rufus 的人，都会在 Linux 上寻找替代软件。
如果你也是这样，不用着急，我们有一些优秀的替代软件，可以满足不同的使用条件。
我们来看看一些关于 Rufus 的替代软件：
### 6 款最佳的 Linux 启动盘创建工具
列出的所有替代软件都是开源的，并且在 Linux 发行版运行很好。
**注意：** *下列软件无任何特定排序*
#### 1、balenaEtcher
![balena etcher 2022][1]
balenaEtcher（或 Etcher）对于多平台（Windows、 MacOS）用户是一个很好的选择，也包括 Linux 用户。
此软件没有任何高级选项。因此十分容易使用。只需要选择 ISO（镜像文件），然后选中目标 U 盘进行写入即可。
它是完全开源的，并在写入完成后检验你的 U 盘。此外，它还自动选择你插入的 U 盘，以避免你不小心选择了硬盘进行格式化。
你可以参考这本 [便捷手册][2] 来在 Linux 上安装它。
> **[balenaEtcher][3]**
#### 2、Fedora Media Writer
![fedora media writer][4]
Fedora Media Writer 是专门用来帮助用户创建 Fedora Linux 启动盘的软件。如果你还没有 ISO 文件，它还能为你下载 ISO。
当其它的 U 盘启动盘创建软件导致你不能格式化你的 U 盘时，它也是一个优秀的 U 盘启动盘修复程序。
不用担心，你也可以选择 Fedora Linux 之外的其他镜像来创建启动盘。
你可以在 Flathub 找到任何 Linux 发行版可用的最新的 [Flatpak][5] 软件包。如果你是新手请参考这篇 [Flatpak 指导][6]
> **[Fedora Media Writer][7]**
#### 3、Startup Disk Creator
![startup disk creator][8]
如果你使用的是 Ubuntu 系统，在系统上已经预装了一个 U 盘启动盘制作软件，即 Startup Disk Creator。
你可以用它选择任何需要的 ISO 文件（最好是 Ubuntu 的任何版本），并选择 USB 设备进行下一步。
当你确认操作后，它就会写入数据来完成制作启动盘。
#### 4、SUSE Studio Imagewriter
![imagewriter suse][9]
SUSE Studio Imagewriter 是一个简单的启动盘制作软件。
我没有在 Ubuntu 软件中心找到它，但是在 Manjaro 的社区仓库和 AUR 中可以找到。如果它可以适配你的 Linux 发行版，你可以试试它。
> **[SUSE Studio Imagewriter][10]**
#### 5、UNetbootin
![unetbootin][11]
UNetbootin 是一个支持 Linux、Windows 和 macOS 的 U 盘启动制作软件。有少量的几个可以调整的选项，比如你可以查看所有可用的驱动器，还可以选择一个发行版来自动下载 ISO 文件。
它与上面的软件不同，它并不是指定用在某些 Linux 发行版。因此，它支持各种各种各样的发行版和系统程序。
> **[UNetbootin][12]**
#### 6、Ventoy
![ventoy screenshot 2022][13]
Ventoy 是一个有趣的 USB 启动盘解决方案，你只需要复制粘贴镜像文件到 U 盘即可。
你仅仅需要在 U 盘上安装 Venoy，它会在其上建立两个分区。其中一个用来存储 ISO 镜像，你只需要将镜像文件粘贴到 U 盘即制作成功。
有趣的是你还可以使用它来 [引导多个系统][14]。
它可在 Windows 和 Linux 上使用。
> **[Ventoy][15]**
### 总结
如果你需要在 U 盘上放多个 Linux 发行版而不是反复格式化它，Ventoy 似乎是上面所有选项中最好的选择。
为了简单起见，特定于发行版的工具是个很好的选择，例如：Ubuntu 的 Startup Disk Creator 和 Fedora 的 Fedora Media Writer。
SUSE Studio Imagewriter 也不错，但可不能不是最方便的。
如果你没有任何特定的偏好，balenaEtcher 应该是最直接的选择，UNetbootin 是它的一个合适的替代软件。
你最偏爱哪个 U 盘启动盘创建软件？在下面的评论区中让我了解你的想法。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://itsfoss.com/live-usb-creator-linux/
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[alfred-hong](https://github.com/alfred-hong)
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/balena-etcher-2022-800x537.png
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/install-etcher-linux/
[3]: https://www.balena.io/etcher/
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/fedora-media-writer.png
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/what-is-flatpak/
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/flatpak-guide/
[7]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.fedoraproject.MediaWriter
[8]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/startup-disk-creator.png
[9]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/imagewriter-suse.png
[10]: https://software.opensuse.org/package/imagewriter
[11]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/unetbootin.png
[12]: https://unetbootin.github.io/
[13]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/ventoy-screenshot-2022.png
[14]: https://itsfoss.com/multiple-linux-one-usb/
[15]: https://www.ventoy.net/

33
translated/tech/20220913 CubyText is a Fast Cross-Platform Open-Source Knowledge Management App in Development.md → published/20220913 CubyText is a Fast Cross-Platform Open-Source Knowledge Management App in Development.md
View File

@ -3,17 +3,18 @@
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-15053-1.html"
CubyText 是一个正在开发中的快速的跨平台开源知识管理应用
CubyText：一个正在开发中的快速的跨平台开源知识管理应用
======
CubyText 是一个迷人的个人项目，你可以分叉或尝试作为一个知识管理应用。
> CubyText 是一个迷人的个人项目，你可以分叉或尝试作为一个知识管理应用。
![CubyText 是一个正在开发中的快速的跨平台开源知识管理应用][1]
有很多开源应用可以帮助你记下并组织你的想法/研究或知识。
有很多开源应用可以帮助你记下并组织你的想法、研究或知识。
如果你不记得它们，请允许我分享其中的几个：
@ -22,35 +23,37 @@ CubyText 是一个迷人的个人项目，你可以分叉或尝试作为一个
当然，你还可以探索一些最适合这项工作的笔记应用：
[这里是我们为你找到的最好的 Linux 笔记应用][4]
> **[这里是我们为你找到的最好的 Linux 笔记应用][4]**
但是，我看到了 **Vincent Chan** 的个人项目，它提供了类似于 Notion 的外观，专注于成为一种快速且私密的选择。
> 💡 请注意，开发者并不打算将其作为任何商业项目的替代品。它是一个实验性的应用程序，以满足他的要求。不要指望它能取代你最喜欢的任何应用程序。
### CubyText：实验性知识管理应用
![cuby text][6]
[CubyText][7] 是一款免费开源的**跨平台**知识管理应用，还处于早期开发阶段。
[CubyText][7] 是一款自由开源的**跨平台**知识管理应用，还处于早期开发阶段。
📢 *该项目的第一个版本于昨天（9 月 12 日）上线。所以，它是新的。*
*📢 该项目的第一个版本于 9 月 12 日上线。所以，它是真的新啊。*
你可以在 Linux、macOS 和 Windows 上试用它。 **.deb** 文件可用于 Linux。
该项目的有趣之处在于其类似于 Notion 的用户界面与块编辑器的概念。开发者为这个工具建立了一个[块编辑器][8]，以便能够组织内容。
该项目的有趣之处在于其类似于 Notion 的用户界面与块编辑器的概念。开发者为这个工具建立了一个 [块编辑器][8]，以便能够组织内容。
![cuby text][9]
因此，你在此处添加的任何内容都是按块组织的。它支持带有 markdown 标记的富文本，因此你可以轻松地增强你的笔记。
因此，你在此处添加的任何内容都是按块组织的。它支持带有 Markdown 标记的富文本，因此你可以轻松地增强你的笔记。
此外，你可以添加选项卡以快速创建更多笔记以及一目了然地了解信息。你还可以在上面的截图中注意到待办事项列表。
看起来很有趣，对吧？
如果你好奇，请前往它的 [GitHub 页面][10]并为你的平台下载适当的包进行测试。
如果你好奇，请前往它的 [GitHub 页面][10] 并为你的平台下载适当的包进行测试。
[CubyText][11]
> **[CubyText][11]**
💬 *你如何看待 CubyText 这个个人项目？你想要这样的东西来代替你的笔记知识管理应用吗？*
*💬 你如何看待 CubyText 这个个人项目？你想要这样的东西来代替你的笔记知识管理应用吗？*
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ -59,7 +62,7 @@ via: https://news.itsfoss.com/cubytext-experimental-project/
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

51
translated/tech/20220914 Platforms that Help Deploy AI and ML Applications on the Cloud.md → published/20220914 Platforms that Help Deploy AI and ML Applications on the Cloud.md
View File

@ -3,27 +3,28 @@
[#]: author: "Dr Kumar Gaurav https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/dr-gaurav-kumar/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: "misitebao"
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-15050-1.html"
# 帮助在云端部署人工智能（AI）和机器学习（ML）应用程序的平台
帮助在云端部署 AI 和 ML 应用程序的平台
======
_人工智能和机器学习正在影响当今几乎每个行业。本文重点介绍了这些技术在我们日常生活中的各种使用方式，以及一些开源云平台如何实现其部署。_
![](https://www.opensourceforu.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/AI-ML-infographics.jpg)
人工智能 (AI) 的目标是构建能够模仿人类认知的机器和自动化系统。在全球范围内，人工智能正在以多种方式改变着社会、政治和经济。人工智能应用的例子包括谷歌帮助 (Google Help)、Siri、Alexa 和 Tesla (特斯拉) 等自动驾驶汽车。
> 人工智能（AI）和机器学习（ML）正在影响当今几乎每个行业。本文重点介绍了这些技术在我们日常生活中的各种使用方式，以及一些开源云平台如何实现其部署。
如今，人工智能正被广泛使用，以有效的方式解决各行各业的难题。它被用于医疗保健行业，以做出比人类更准确、更快速的诊断。医生可以使用人工智能来诊断疾病，并在患者病情恶化时收到警报。
<ruby>人工智能<rt>artificial intelligence</rt></ruby>（AI）的目标是构建能够模仿人类认知的机器和自动化系统。在全球范围内， AI 正在以各种方式改变着社会、政治和经济。 AI 应用的例子包括<ruby>谷歌帮助<rt>Google Help</rt></ruby>、Siri、Alexa 和特斯拉等自动驾驶汽车。
数据安全对每个企业都至关重要，网络攻击的数量也在不断增加。使用人工智能，可以提高数据的安全性。这方面的一个例子是集成智能机器人来识别软件错误和网络攻击。
如今， AI 正被广泛使用，以有效的方式解决各行各业的难题。它被用于医疗保健行业，以做出比人类更准确、更快速的诊断。医生可以使用 AI 来诊断疾病，并在患者病情恶化时得到提醒。
推特 (Twitter)、WhatsApp、Facebook (脸书) 和 Snapchat 只是使用 AI 算法存储和管理数十亿个人资料的社交媒体平台中的一小部分。人工智能可以整理和筛选大量数据，以找到最新趋势、标签和各种各样人的需求。
数据安全对每个企业都至关重要，网络攻击的数量也在不断增加。使用 AI ，可以提高数据的安全性。这方面的一个例子是集成智能机器人来识别软件错误和网络攻击。
Twitter、WhatsApp、Facebook 和 Snapchat 只是使用 AI 算法存储和管理数十亿个人资料的社交媒体平台中的一小部分。 AI 可以整理和筛选大量数据，以找到最新趋势、标签和各种各样人的需求。
![Figure 1: Key applications of machine learning][1]
旅游业越来越依赖人工智能，因为后者可以帮助完成各种与旅行相关的任务，包括为消费者预订酒店、航班和最佳路线。为了提供更好、更快的客户服务，由人工智能驱动的聊天机器人正被用于旅游业。
表 1: 机器学习的工具和框架
旅游业越来越依赖 AI ，因为后者可以帮助完成各种与旅行相关的任务，包括为消费者预订酒店、航班和最佳路线。为了提供更好、更快的客户服务，由 AI 驱动的聊天机器人正被用于旅游业。
| 工具/平台 | 链接 |
| :------------ | :------------------------------------- |
@ -46,19 +47,21 @@ _人工智能和机器学习正在影响当今几乎每个行业。本文重点
| Dopamine | https://github.com/google/dopamine |
| FlairNLP | https://github.com/flairNLP/flair |
*表 1: ML 的工具和框架*
### 不同领域的机器学习
让软件应用程序和小工具自行响应和开发的所有技术和工具都称为机器学习 (ML)。多亏了机器学习技术，人工智能可以在没有真正被明确编程来执行所需操作的情况下进行学习。ML 算法不依赖于预定义的计算机指令，而是从样本输入中学习一个模式，然后完全基于学习到的模式来预测和执行任务。如果不能选择严格的算法，机器学习可以成为救命稻草。它将通过分析以前的程序来选择新程序，然后将其付诸实施。ML 为技术进步和以前在各种行业中无法想象的技术扫清了道路。如今，它被用于各种尖端技术 — 从预测算法到互联网电视直播。
让软件应用程序和小工具自行响应和发展的所有技术和工具都称为<ruby>机器学习<rt>machine learning</rt></ruby>（ML）。多亏了 ML 技术， AI 可以在没有真正被明确编程来执行所需操作的情况下进行学习。ML 算法不依赖于预定义的计算机指令，而是从样本输入中学习一个模式，然后完全基于学习到的模式来预测和执行任务。如果没有严格的算法可供选择， ML 可以成为救命稻草。它将通过分析以前的处理方式来选择新处理方式，然后将其付诸实施。ML 为各种行业的技术进步和以前无法想象的技术扫清了道路。如今，它被用于各种尖端技术 — 从预测算法到互联网电视直播。
一个值得注意的 ML 和 AI 技术是图像识别，它是一种对数字图像中的特征或项进行分类和检测的方法。分类和人脸识别是使用这种方法完成的。
![Figure 2: Streamlit cloud for machine learning][2]
在推荐系统中使用机器学习是其最广泛使用和知名的应用之一。在当今的电子商务世界中，产品推荐是一种利用强大的机器学习技术的突出工具。网站使用人工智能和机器学习来跟踪过去的购买、搜索趋势和购物车历史，然后根据这些数据生成产品推荐。
将 ML 用于推荐系统是其最广泛使用和知名的应用之一。在当今的电子商务世界中，产品推荐是一种利用强大的 ML 技术的代表性工具。网站使用 AI 和 ML 来跟踪过去的购买、搜索趋势和购物车历史，然后根据这些数据生成产品推荐。
在医疗保健行业中使用机器学习算法引起了很多兴趣。通过使用 ML 算法，可以跨多个医院部门预测急诊室等待时间。员工轮班的详细信息、患者数据以及科室讨论和急诊室布局的记录都用于帮助创建算法。机器学习算法可用于检测疾病、计划治疗和预测。
在医疗保健行业中使用 ML 算法引起了很多兴趣。通过使用 ML 算法，可以跨多个医院部门预测急诊室等待时间。员工轮班的详细信息、患者数据以及科室讨论和急诊室布局的记录都用于帮助创建算法。 ML 算法可用于检测疾病、计划治疗和预测。
**用于机器学习的云平台的主要特点**:
**用于 ML 的云平台的主要特点**：
- 算法或特征提取
- 关联规则挖掘
@ -80,21 +83,25 @@ _人工智能和机器学习正在影响当今几乎每个行业。本文重点
AI 和 ML 的应用可以部署在云平台上。如今，许多云服务提供商使程序员能够构建模型以在其领域内进行有效的决策。
这些基于云的平台与预先训练的机器学习和深度学习模型集成在一起，无需任何编码或最少的脚本即可在这些模型上部署应用程序。
这些基于云的平台与预先训练的 ML 和<ruby>深度学习<rt>deep learning</rt></ruby>（DL）模型集成在一起，无需任何编码或用少量的脚本即可在这些模型上部署应用程序。
![Figure 3: Categories of ML deployments in Streamlit][3]
**Streamlit:** Streamlit 让数据科学家和机器学习专家能够访问各种机器学习模型。它是开源的并且与云部署兼容。ML 模型可以在几分钟内准备好与数据集一起使用
#### Streamlit
Streamlit 提供一系列机器学习模型和多个类别的源代码，包括自然语言处理、地理、教育、计算机视觉等。
Streamlit 让数据科学家和 ML 专家能够访问各种 ML 模型。它是开源的并且与云部署兼容。ML 模型可以在几分钟内准备好与数据集一起使用
Streamlit 提供一系列 ML 模型和多个类别的源代码，包括自然语言处理、地理、教育、计算机视觉等。
![Figure 4: Hugging Face for machine learning][4]
**Hugging Face:** 这是另一个平台，为各种类别的 ML 和 AI 提供预先训练的模型和架 ​​ 构。许多企业巨头都在使用这个平台，包括 Facebook AI、微软、谷歌 AI、亚马逊网络服务和 Grammarly。
#### Hugging Face
这是另一个平台，为各种类别的 ML 和 AI 提供预先训练的模型和架构。许多企业巨头都在使用这个平台，包括 Facebook AI、微软、谷歌 AI、亚马逊网络服务和 Grammarly。
Hugging Face 中提供了许多预训练和部署就绪的模型，用于不同的应用程序，包括自然语言处理和计算机视觉。
使用 Hugging Face 中的 ML 模型可以执行以下任务:
使用 Hugging Face 中的 ML 模型可以执行以下任务：
- 音频到音频处理
- 自动语音识别
@ -125,7 +132,7 @@ via: https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/09/platforms-that-help-deploy-ai-and-ml
作者：[Dr Kumar Gaurav][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[Misite Bao](https://github.com/misitebao)
校对：[校对者 ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux 中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

52
sources/news/20220919 AMD-s Open Source Vulkan Graphics Drivers Now Enable Ray Tracing.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
[#]: subject: "AMD’s Open Source Vulkan Graphics Drivers Now Enable Ray Tracing"
[#]: via: "https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/09/amds-open-source-vulkan-graphics-drivers-now-enable-ray-tracing/"
[#]: author: "Laveesh Kocher https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/laveesh-kocher/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
AMD’s Open Source Vulkan Graphics Drivers Now Enable Ray Tracing
======
*Linux users of RDNA 2 GPUs can use the AMDVLK GPUOpen open source Vulkan driver from AMD.*
The AMDVLK GPUOpen graphics driver for its Radeon RX 6000 GPUs has improved support for 64-bit ray tracing over the past week. This covers RDNA 2 graphics-enabled APUs as well as desktop/mobility GPUs. Hardware ray tracing is now supported by all AMD Vulkan drivers on all platforms, including Mesa3D RADV, AMDVLK GPUOpen, and AMDGPU-PRO.
The foundation of the GPURT library is a C++ interface. Depending on its usage and dependencies, the public interface is split up into various header files. Users can learn more on the official GitHub website, which also includes a breakdown of the structure, about the RDNA 2 GPU Ray Tracing Library (GPURT). The most recent AMDVLK GPUOpen v-2022.Q3.4 information is provided below:
**Updates and new features**
* Expand Navi2x’s capability for 64-bit ray tracing.
* Upgrade Vulkan Headers to version 1.3.225
* Game performance optimization, including For Honor and Ashes of the Singularity
**Issues resolved so far**
* The dEQP-VK.api.copy and blit..resolve image.whole copy before resolving transfer has a new version CTS failure.
* dEQP-VK.pipeline.creation cache control has a CTS warning.
* Firefox corruption on Ubuntu 22.04
* VulkanInfo crash with pipeline cache deactivated
* RGP test kit failure on RX 6800
The new improvements include the GPU Ray Tracing Library, or GPURT, which will include the construct and sort processing for the Bounding Volume Hierarchy (BVH) seen in ray tracing utilising shaders like HLSL. This library will provide a standard library to improve graphics rendering and introduce more uniformity. DirectX 12 DXR will also work with the new library.
The description of the GPU Ray Tracing (GPURT) library reads as  “a static library (source deliverable) that provides ray tracing-related functionalities for AMD drivers supporting DXR (DirectX 12) and the Vulkan® RT API.” The company’s Platform Abstraction Library is used to build the library (PAL).
The installation instructions for the most recent AMDVLK GPUOpen v-2022.Q3.4 upgrade are available here for users. Users should back up any relevant data before updating any software, hardware, or drivers in order to avoid losing crucial files. A lot of work has been put into getting the most recent Linux driver ready for AMD, Intel, and NVIDIA technologies, which were all launched in the first quarter of this year.
A lot of work has been put into getting the most recent Linux driver ready for AMD, Intel, and NVIDIA technologies, which were all launched in the first quarter of this year.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/09/amds-open-source-vulkan-graphics-drivers-now-enable-ray-tracing/
作者：[Laveesh Kocher][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/laveesh-kocher/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed

89
sources/news/20220919 GNOME Files Introduces Most-Requested Feature- New File Menu.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
[#]: subject: "GNOME Files Introduces Most-Requested Feature: New File Menu"
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/gnome-files-new-file-document/"
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
GNOME Files Introduces Most-Requested Feature: New File Menu
======
Here’s the “new file” feature in GNOME Files which gives you a new way of creating documents and files. Have a look.
No more tweaking in the backend. The most anticipated feature of creating a new document / new files via the context menu in Files (aka Nautilus) finally arrives.
Developed as part of the [Google Summer of Code 2022][1] (by Ignacy Kuchciński), the change was recently reviewed and merged into the main branch of Files.
### How it looks
When you right-click on the Files, the context menu has a new option, “New File”.
![New File Option in Files Context Menu][2]
The GNOME Files New File option launches an action window, as shown in the below image.
![GNOME Files New File Action Dialog][3]
A couple of things happen behind the scenes when it launches the above dialog box.
You are probably aware that you can create a “Template” folder with templates in your Home directory to easily access commonly used document types. So, Files checks whether you have a Template directory.
If a template directory with templates is present, you get a list of those document types to create a new document.
![GNOME Files New File Template Dialog (when some templates present)][4]
And if you don’t have any templates (which is likely), Files scans your system and shows a list of common file types based on the installed applications in your system.
For example, Text editor, LibreOffice document types – Spreadsheets, presentations, etc.
Some other things happen here. The file extension is selected by default when you choose a file type for a New document. That’s a protected label on the file name text box.
Moreover, if you don’t have any templates or any applications installed, then the Files New Document menu option is not shown at all!
### Future Roadmap
The developer also proposed a future enhancement of this feature, extending its functionality to a greater extent.
When no template is available, the dialog will look like the one below. It will allow you to create files by selecting the applications, including blank files.
In addition, you can directly launch Software to install some applications which can help you create those respective file types.
![Long term vision with additional features (Image Credit: GNOEM Team)][5]
Since this feature is more complex, it may be developed later. There is no timeline as of now.
### Is this available in Files 43 (via GNOME 43)?
However, this change requires some additional design review, in my opinion. I feel it’s not complete. For example, when you have templates, you can not create the standard document types (for text, LibreOffice docs) – those two dialog are mutually exclusive. Also, there are some minor bugs which I find.
Although the feature is [approved and merged][6] at the moment, it could not make it to the [GNOME 43][7] release candidate due to schedule conflicts.
Hopefully, you can get this in GNOME 44 release next year after a good round of review and testing.
### Wrapping Up
Overall, it’s an elegant feature, and I don’t think any other File manager has this advanced design today. Once this FIles New document feature is implemented entirely, it would a nice addition to its excellent set of features.
So, do you like this new design? Do let me know in the comment box.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/gnome-files-new-file-document/
作者：[Arindam][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://debugpointnews.com/gsoc-2022/
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/New-File-Option-in-Files-Context-Menu.jpg
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/GNOME-Files-New-Document-Action-Dialog.jpg
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/GNOME-Files-New-Document-Template-Dialog.jpg
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Long-term-vision-with-additional-features.jpg
[6]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/nautilus/-/merge_requests/914
[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/gnome-43/

71
sources/news/20220920 Loongson is Getting Ready for LoongArch Linux Laptops.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
[#]: subject: "Loongson is Getting Ready for LoongArch Linux Laptops"
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/loongson-loongarch-linux-laptops/"
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Loongson is Getting Ready for LoongArch Linux Laptops
======
The Chinese manufacturer is working on a Linux laptop series based on LoongArch processors.
![Loongson is Getting Ready for LoongArch Linux Laptops][1]
Don't confuse it with Arch Linux :)
**LoongArch is a CPU architecture by Loongson Technology.**
Recently, Loongson added the initial support for LoongArch CPU architecture in [Linux Kernel 5.19][2].
If you are curious, **LoongArch has similar attributes to RISC-V**. You can also call it a new RISC ISA (Instruction Set Architecture).
Want more technical details? The Linux Kernel's [documentation][3] is your friend.
While it is not popular, a new CPU architecture support is always welcome and opens up various opportunities with new hardware.
### Chinese Manufacturer Gearing Up for Linux Laptops
It seems like Loongson Technology, the computer hardware manufacturer responsible for the LoongArch CPU architecture, is preparing new Linux laptops featuring the same.
![[LoongArch] Unbox THE NEWEST LOONGSON LAPTOP —— Loongson 3A5000][4]
**What this means**: You will soon get to see LoongArch laptops running Linux out-of-the-box.
Of course, considering it as a Chinese vendor, it is unlikely to be available everywhere. But you never know, right?
Lenovo and Huawei are some of the most prominent Chinese manufacturers producing Linux laptops. Considering the market for Linux laptops is not as crowded, Loongson coming up with its product offering sounds good.
[13 Places to Buy Linux Laptops in 2021][5]
**Loongson adding a driver to Linux:**They are adding code to the Linux Kernel, i.e., in the form of an ACPI-based "**loongson-laptop**" driver, as spotted by [Phoronix][7]. This could be a part of the upcoming [Linux 6.0 release][8].
The code addition also mentions that some are derived from Thinkpad's ACPI configuration, which should not be surprising.
**Joining the RISC-V race early**: Considering much hope for RISC-V computers as the next major leap in computing, I think Loongson wants to compete in that space, preparing its similar CPU architecture for the real world.
Loongson is not famous for its laptops or their performance in them. So, it will be interesting to see how it unfolds shortly.
💬 *What do you think about LoongArch Linux laptops? Let me know your thoughts in the comments.*
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/loongson-loongarch-linux-laptops/
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1200/2022/09/loongsoon-loongarch-linux-laptops.jpg
[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/linux-kernel-5-19-release/
[3]: https://docs.kernel.org/loongarch/introduction.html
[4]: https://youtu.be/a5KZRvSgzUc
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/get-linux-laptops/
[7]: https://www.phoronix.com/news/Loongson-LoongArch-Laptop-Prep
[8]: https://news.itsfoss.com/linux-kernel-6-0-reveal/

94
sources/talk/20220919 I got my first pull request merged!.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
[#]: subject: "I got my first pull request merged!"
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/9/first-pull-request-merged"
[#]: author: "Oluwaseun https://opensource.com/users/jhhornn"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
I got my first pull request merged!
======
Experience the joy that contributing to open source brings.
![Dandelion zoomed in][1]
Image by: Photo by Rob Tiller, CC BY-SA 4.0
Words cannot express my joy when I got the notification about the merge below, and I owe it to my current engineering school, [AltSchool Africa][2].
![successful merge message][3]
Before this, I had been introduced to open source many times, told about its importance in the tech space, and even attended open source conferences (e.g., OSCAFest). I had all the instant excitement to start, but imposter syndrome set in on opening GitHub to create something.
Fast forward to Monday, the 8th of August, 2022, when I watched Bolaji's video on contributing to open source. I felt pumped again, but I wanted to apply what I learned, so I noted some steps.
The steps:
1. I made up my mind I was going to contribute to a project.
2. I was focused on a site ([good first issue][4]) to pick my first project from, which I filtered to suit my skill level. I kept opening the next page till I found one.
3. I made sure I was equipped with the required [Git and GitHub][5] knowledge to complete the project.
### The project
After long hours searching for projects, I finally found one titled, [Ensure no missing alt attributes][6]. I was to give descriptive alt values to images from the site. Alt values in images help to improve the accessibility of the site such that screen readers can provide a detailed description of the image to, say, a visually impaired person. Easy right? Yes, but if I didn't make up my mind to get the first contribution, I wouldn't find it, and open source would continue to be a myth to me.
I was still pumped until I discovered it was from [MDN][7]. Wait, MDN? As in Mozilla developer? Will they merge my contribution even with how seemingly easy it looks? [Imposter syndrome][8] set in.
Upon checking the issue, I saw that people were already contributing. I summoned my courage and started reading about it. Taking my time to read and understand the project and how I needed to approach the issue was another challenge I had to overcome.
The project is as easy as you try to understand it.
So, I picked two images to begin with. I gave alt values to them, committed my changes, then made a pull request. The time between when I made the pull request and when I got the approval mail was full of self-doubts. Should I close the pull request? This is MDN. Well, it's not coding... What if I don't get merged? I might never contribute again. All it took to clear all of the doubts were the emails I got from my reviewer below:
![Email of approved pull request][9]
![mail showing that pull request has been merged][10]
![congratulatory mail on contributing and merging of pull request][11]
I was indeed delighted, and this inspired me to check for more. It gave me the courage I needed to request additional issues to solve.
![Mail of issue assignment][12]
### Summary
A few lessons I'd love you to take home from this article are:
* Open source is for all. Do you see that typo on that site you just visited? You helping to correct it is a way of contributing.
* No skillset is too small. A basic understanding of HTML was what I needed to contribute.
* Only you can stop yourself from contributing.
* The first contribution is all you need to get the ball rolling.
I hope you have been able to pick something from my story and apply it today. This is another space I'd like to keep contributing to, so see you in my next article, and happy open sourcing!
*[This article originally appeared on I got my first Pull Request merged! and is republished with permission.][13]*
Image by: (Awosise Oluwaseun, CC BY-SA 4.0)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/22/9/first-pull-request-merged
作者：[Oluwaseun][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/jhhornn
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/dandelion_zoom.jpg
[2]: https://www.altschoolafrica.com/
[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-09/successfulmerge.png
[4]: https://goodfirstissues.com/
[5]: https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/getting-started/about-collaborative-development-models
[6]: https://github.com/mdn/content/issues/19334
[7]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/
[8]: https://opensource.com/article/20/9/imposter-syndrome
[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-09/approved.png
[10]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-09/merged_0.png
[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-09/thanks.png
[12]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-09/next.png
[13]: https://dev.to/jhhornn/i-got-my-first-pull-request-merged-3ei9

85
sources/talk/20220920 Security buzzwords to avoid and what to say instead.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
[#]: subject: "Security buzzwords to avoid and what to say instead"
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/9/security-buzzword-alternatives"
[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Security buzzwords to avoid and what to say instead
======
Consider these thoughtful approaches to define what security really means in your open source project.
![Lock][1]
Image by: JanBaby, via Pixabay CC0.
Technology is a little famous for coming up with "buzzwords." Other industries do it, too, of course. "Story-driven" and "rules light" tabletop games are a big thing right now, "deconstructed" burgers and burritos are a big deal in fine dining. The problem with buzzwords in tech, though, is that they potentially actually affect your life. When somebody calls an application "secure," to influence you to use their product, there's an implicit promise being made. "Secure" must mean that something's secure. It's safe for you to use and trust. The problem is, the word "secure" can actually refer to any number of things, and the tech industry often uses it as such a general term that it becomes meaningless.
Because "secure" can mean both so much and so little, it's important to use the word "secure" carefully. In fact, it's often best not to use the word at all, and instead, just say what you actually mean.
### When "secure" means encrypted
Sometimes "secure" is imprecise shorthand for *encrypted*. In this context, "secure" refers to some degree of difficulty for outside observers to eavesdrop on your data.
**Don't say this:** "This website is resilient and secure."
That sounds pretty good! You're probably imagining a website that has several options for 2-factor authentication, zero-knowledge data storage, and steadfast anonymity policies.
**Say this instead:** "This website has a 99% uptime guarantee, and its traffic is encrypted and verifiable with SSL."
Not only is the intent of the promise clear now, it also explains how "secure" is achieved (it uses SSL) and what the scope of "secure" is.
Note that there's explicitly no promise here about privacy or anonymity.
### When "secure" means restricted access
Sometimes the term "secure" refers to application or device access. Without clarification, "secure" could mean anything from the useless *security by obscurity* model, to a simple htaccess password, to biometric scanners.
**Don't say this:** "We've secured the system for your protection."
**Say this instead:** "Our system uses 2-factor authentication."
### When "secure" means data storage
The term "secure" can also refer to the way your data is stored on a server or a device.
**Don't say this:** "This device stores your data with security in mind."
**Say this instead:** "This device uses full disk encryption to protect your data."
When remote storage is involved, "secure" may instead refer to who has access to stored data.
**Don't say this:** "Your data is secure."
**Say this instead:** "Your data is encrypted using PGP, and only you have the private key."
### When "secure" means privacy
These days, the term "privacy" is almost as broad and imprecise as "security." On one hand, you might think that "secure" must mean "private," but that's true only when "secure" has been defined. Is something private because it has a password barrier to entry? Or is something private because it's been encrypted and only you have the keys? Or is it private because the vendor storing your data knows nothing about you (aside from an IP address?) It's not enough to declare "privacy" any more than it is to declare "security" without qualification.
**Don't say this:** "Your data is secure with us."
**Say this instead:** "Your data is encrypted with PGP, and only you have the private key. We require no personal data from you, and can only identify you by your IP address."
Some sites make claims about how long IP addresses are retained in logs, and promises about never surrendering data to authorities without warrants, and so on. Those are beyond the scope of technological "security," and have everything to do with trust, so don't confuse them for technical specifications.
### Say what you mean
Technology is a complex topic with a lot of potential for confusion. Communication is important, and while shorthand and jargon can be useful in some settings, generally it's better to be precise. When you're proud of the "security" of your project, don't generalize it with a broad term. Make it clear to others what you're doing to protect your users, and make it equally clear what you consider out of scope, and communicate these things often. "Security" is a great feature, but it's a broad one, so don't be afraid to brag about the specifics.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/22/9/security-buzzword-alternatives
作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/security-lock-password.jpg

323
sources/tech/20220919 How To Find Default Gateway IP Address In Linux And Unix From Commandline.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
[#]: subject: "How To Find Default Gateway IP Address In Linux And Unix From Commandline"
[#]: via: "https://ostechnix.com/find-default-gateway-linux/"
[#]: author: "sk https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
How To Find Default Gateway IP Address In Linux And Unix From Commandline
======
5 Ways To Find Gateway Or Router IP Address In Linux
A **gateway** is a node or a router that allows two or more hosts with different IP addresses to communicate with each other when connected to the same router. Without gateway, devices connected on the same router won’t be able to communicate with each other. To put this another way, the gateway acts as an access point to pass network data from a local network to a remote network. In this guide, we will see all the possible ways to **find default gateway in Linux** and **Unix** from commandline.
#### Contents
1. Find Default Gateway In Linux 2. 1. Find Default Gateway Using ip Command 3. 2. Display Default Gateway IP Address Using route Command 4. 3. View Gateway IP Address Using netstat Command 5. 4. Print Default Gateway IP Address Or Router IP Address Using routel Command 6. 5. Find Gateway From Ethernet Configuration Files
7. Conclusion
### Find Default Gateway In Linux
There are various commandline tools are available to view the gateway IP address in Linux. The most commonly used tools are: **ip**, **ss**, and **netcat**. We will see how check the default gateway using each tool with examples.
#### 1. Find Default Gateway Using ip Command
The **ip** command is used to show and manipulate routing, network devices, interfaces and tunnels in Linux.
To find the default gateway or Router IP address, simply run:
```
$ ip route
```
Or,
```
$ ip r
```
Or,
```
$ ip route show
```
**Sample output:**
```
default via 192.168.1.101 dev eth0 proto static metric 100
172.17.0.0/16 dev docker0 proto kernel scope link src 172.17.0.1 linkdown
192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.20 metric 100
```
Did you see the line **"default via 192.168.1.101"** in the above output? This is the default gateway. So my default gateway is **192.168.1.101**.
You can use **-4** with `ip route` command to **display the IPv4 gateway** only:
```
$ ip -4 route
```
And, use `-6` to **display the IPv6 gateway** only:
```
$ ip -6 route
```
As you noticed in the output, the IP address and the subnet details are also shown. If you want to display ONLY the default gateway and exclude all other details from the output, you can use `awk` command with `ip route` like below.
To find the default gateway IP address using `ip route` and `grep`, run:
To print Gateway IP address with `ip route` and `awk` commands, run:
```
$ ip route | awk '/^default/{print $3}'
```
Or,
```
$ ip route show default | awk '{print $3}'
```
This will list only the gateway.
**Sample output:**
```
192.168.1.101
```
![Find Default Gateway Using ip Command][1]
You can also use **[grep][2]** command with `ip route` to filter the default gateway.
```
$ ip route | grep default
default via 192.168.1.101 dev eth0 proto static metric 100
```
The `ip route` is the recommended command to find the default gateway IP address in latest Linux distributions. However, some of you may still be using the legacy tools like **route** and `netstat`. Old habits die hard, right? The following sections explains how to determine the gateway in Linux using `route` and `netstat` commands.
#### 2. Display Default Gateway IP Address Using route Command
The **route** command is used to show and manipulate routing table in older Linux distributions, for example RHEL 6, CentOS 6.
If you're using those older Linux distributions, you can use the `route` command to display the default gateway.
Please note that the `route` tool is deprecated and replaced with `ip route` command in the latest Linux distributions. If you still want to use `route` for any reason, you need to install it.
First, we need to check which package provides `route` command. To do so, run the following command on your RHEL-based system:
```
$ dnf provides route
```
**Sample output:**
```
net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64 : Basic networking tools
Repo : @System
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/sbin/route
net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64 : Basic networking tools
Repo : baseos
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/sbin/route
```
As you can see in the above output, the net-tools package provides the `route` command. So, let us install it using command:
```
$ sudo dnf install net-tools
```
Now, run `route` command with `-n` flag to display the gateway IP address or router IP address in your Linux system:
```
$ route -n
```
**Sample output:**
```
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.1.101 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0
172.17.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 docker0
192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eth0
```
![Display Default Gateway IP Address Using route Command][3]
As you see in the above output, the gateway IP address is 192.168.1.101. You will also see the two letters **"UG"** under Flags section. The letter **"U"** indicates the interface is **UP** and **G** stands for Gateway.
#### 3. View Gateway IP Address Using netstat Command
**Netstat** prints information about the Linux networking subsystem. Using netstat tool, we can print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships in Linux and Unix systems.
Netstat is part of net-tools package, so make sure you've installed it in your Linux system. The following commands install net-tools package in RHEL-based systems:
```
$ sudo dnf install net-tools
```
To print the default gateway IP address using `netstat` command, run:
```
$ netstat -rn
```
**Sample output:**
```
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.1.101 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
172.17.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 docker0
192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
```
![View Gateway IP Address Using netstat Command][4]
The `netstat` command's output is same as `route` command's output. As per the above output, the gateway IP address is 192.168.1.101 and the UG stands the NIC associated to gateway is UP and G indicates Gateway,
Please note that `netstat` is also deprecated and it is recommended to use **"ss"** command instead of netstat.
#### 4. Print Default Gateway IP Address Or Router IP Address Using routel Command
The **routel** is a script to list routes with pretty output format. The routel script will list routes in a format that some might consider easier to interpret then the `ip route` list equivalent.
The routel script is also the part of net-tools package.
To print the default gateway or router IP address, run routel script without any flags like below:
```
$ routel
```
**Sample output:**
```
target gateway source proto scope dev tbl
default 192.168.1.101 static eth0
172.17.0.0/ 16 172.17.0.1 kernel linkdocker0
192.168.1.0/ 24 192.168.1.20 kernel link eth0
127.0.0.0/ 8 local 127.0.0.1 kernel host lo local
127.0.0.1 local 127.0.0.1 kernel host lo local
127.255.255.255 broadcast 127.0.0.1 kernel link lo local
172.17.0.1 local 172.17.0.1 kernel hostdocker0 local
172.17.255.255 broadcast 172.17.0.1 kernel linkdocker0 local
192.168.1.20 local 192.168.1.20 kernel host eth0 local
192.168.1.255 broadcast 192.168.1.20 kernel link eth0 local
::1 kernel lo
::/ 96 unreachable lo
::ffff:0.0.0.0/ 96 unreachable lo
2002:a00::/ 24 unreachable lo
2002:7f00::/ 24 unreachable lo
2002:a9fe::/ 32 unreachable lo
2002:ac10::/ 28 unreachable lo
2002:c0a8::/ 32 unreachable lo
2002:e000::/ 19 unreachable lo
3ffe:ffff::/ 32 unreachable lo
fe80::/ 64 kernel eth0
::1 local kernel lo local
fe80::d085:cff:fec7:c1c3 local kernel eth0 local
```
![Print Default Gateway IP Address Or Router IP Address Using routel Command][5]
To print only the default gateway, run routel with `grep` like below:
```
$ routel | grep default
default 192.168.1.101 static eth0
```
#### 5. Find Gateway From Ethernet Configuration Files
If you have **[configured static IP address in your Linux or Unix][6]** system, you can view the default gateway or router IP address by looking at the network configuration files.
In RPM-based systems like Fedora, RHEL, CentOS, AlmaLinux and Rocky Linux, the network interface card (shortly **NIC**) configuration are stored under **/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/** directory.
Find the name of the network card:
```
# ip link show
```
**Sample output:**
```
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0@if5: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether d2:85:0c:c7:c1:c3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
```
The network card name is **eth0**. So let us open the network card configuration of this NIC card file:
```
# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
```
**Sample output:**
```
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
UUID=eb6b6a7c-37f5-11ed-a59a-a0e70bdf3dfb
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=192.168.1.20
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.101
DNS1=8.8.8.8
```
As you see above, the gateway IP is `192.168.1.101`.
In Debian, Ubuntu and its derivatives, all network configuration files are stored under **/etc/network/** directory.
```
$ cat /etc/network/interfaces
```
**Sample output:**
```
auto ens18
iface ens18 inet static
address 192.168.1.150
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.101
dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8
```
Please note that this method should work only if the IP address is configured manually. For DHCP-enabled network, you need to follow the previous 4 methods.
### Conclusion
In this guide, we listed 5 different ways to find default gateway in Linux and Unix operating systems. We also have included sample commands to display the gateway/router IP address in each method. Hope this helps.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://ostechnix.com/find-default-gateway-linux/
作者：[sk][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Find-Default-Gateway-Using-ip-Command.png
[2]: https://ostechnix.com/the-grep-command-tutorial-with-examples-for-beginners/
[3]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Display-Default-Gateway-IP-Address-Using-route-Command.png
[4]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/View-Gateway-IP-Address-Using-netstat-Command.png
[5]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Print-Default-Gateway-IP-Address-Or-Router-IP-Address-Using-routel-Command.png
[6]: https://ostechnix.com/configure-static-ip-address-linux-unix/

190
sources/tech/20220919 How to Install Cockpit Web Console on Ubuntu 22.04.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
[#]: subject: "How to Install Cockpit Web Console on Ubuntu 22.04"
[#]: via: "https://www.linuxtechi.com/how-to-install-cockpit-on-ubuntu/"
[#]: author: "Pradeep Kumar https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/pradeep/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
How to Install Cockpit Web Console on Ubuntu 22.04
======
In this guide, we examine how to install Cockpit on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish) step-by-step.
Cockpit is a free and opensource web-based graphical server management tool that allows administrators and Linux users to easily manage and configure their Linux servers/PCs from a browser. It targets new Linux users or those who want an easy way to manage their servers on a graphical interface without the hassle of working on the command-line.
Cockpit is easy to install and simple to use. At a glance, it allows you to perform the following tasks.
* Keep tabs of system metrics and performance
* Create and manage users
* Browse and search system logs
* Inspect and interact with systemd-based services
* Access the terminal and run commands
* Inspect system’s hardware
* Create and manage virtual machines
* Upgrade software packages to their latest versions
* Configure Firewall & and many more.
### 1) Update Local Package Index
To start off, log into your server and refresh the local package index as follows.
```
$ sudo apt update
```
### 2) Install Cockpit Web Console
The Cockpit web console packages are provided by the official Ubuntu repositories. You can verify this by running the following command.
```
$ apt search cockpit
```
So, install Cockpit using the APT package manager as shown.
```
$ sudo apt install cockpit -y
```
The command installs the Cockpit web console alongside other additional packages, libraries, and dependencies.
![Apt-Command-Install-Cockpit-Ubuntu-22-04][1]
Once installed, you can verify if cockpit is installed by running the following command:
```
$ apt -qq list cockpit
OR
$ dpkg -l cockpit
```
From the output below, we can see that Cockpit version 264-1 has been installed.
![Check-Cockpit-WebConsole-Version-Ubuntu][2]
In case, you planning to manage kvm virtual machines with cockpit then install following package
```
$ sudo apt install cockpit-machines -y
```
### 3) Install Cockpit Support for Podman
By default, Cockpit does not provide support for podman. If you wish to administer and manage podman containers using Cockpit, install the cockpit-podman package which provides support for podman.
```
$ sudo apt install cockpit-podman y
```
![Install-Cockpit-Podman-Support-Ubuntu-22-04][3]
### 4) Start Cockpit Web Console Service
Unlike other services or daemons, Cockpit does not start automatically once installed. Therefore, start the Cockpit systemd service as shown.
```
$ sudo systemctl start cockpit
```
Next, verify that the Cockpit service is running as follows.
```
$ sudo systemctl status cockpit
```
The output confirms that the Cockpit service is up and running.
![Cockpit-Service-Status-Ubuntu-22-04][4]
Cockpit listens on TCP port 9090. You can verify this is the case by running the following ss command.
```
$ ss -tunlpe | grep cockpit
```
![Socket-Connection-Cockpit-Ubuntu-22-04][5]
If the firewall is enabled on your Ubuntu 22.04 system, then allow 9090/tcp port so it’s web console can be accessed from outside
```
$ sudo ufw allow 9090/tcp
$ sudo ufw reload
```
![Allow-cockpit-console-port-ubuntu-22-04][6]
### 5) Access Cockpit Web Console
Cockpit is now fully installed and the only thing remaining is to access it and use it to manage your server.
To access Cockpit Web console, browse the following address.
https://server-ip:9090
You will get a warning that the website you are accessing is not private and that you could fall victim to hackers. Do not fret, as this happens since the server is encrypted by a self-signed SSL certificate which is not recognized by CA.
To get around this issue, simply click ‘Advanced’
![Cockpit-WebConsole-URL-Ubuntu-22-04][7]
Then click on ‘Proceed to server-ip’ link.
![Accept-Certificate-Cockpit-WebConsole][8]
Thereafter, the following login page will appear. Be sure to provide your username and password and click ‘Log In’.
![Cockpit-Login-Page-Ubuntu-22-04][9]
This ushers you to the Cockpit dashboard. The ‘Overview’ page provides your system’s metrics at a glance. You will see details on CPU and memory usage, health status, and system information.
To perform the administrative task, click on ‘Turn on administrative access’, it will prompt you to enter your user’s password.
The left sidebar provides various options that you can view.
![Cockpit-Dashboard-Ubuntu-22-04][10]
For example, you can click on ‘Networking’ to view information about bandwidth statistics, network interfaces as well as network logs.
![View-Network-Statistics-from-Cockpit-WebConsole][11]
You can also click ‘Services’ to get information about all the system services.
![System-Services-Status-Cockpit-WebConsole-Ubuntu-22-04][12]
To view and install software updates, click on ‘Software Updates’
![Software-Updates-Cockpit-WebConsole-Ubuntu-22-04][13]
In my case all the software updates are already installed, that’s why I am getting the status as ‘System is up to date’
##### Conclusion
And that’s it. In this guide, we have successfully installed Cockpit on Ubuntu 22.04. All the best as you enjoy managing your system.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.linuxtechi.com/how-to-install-cockpit-on-ubuntu/
作者：[Pradeep Kumar][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/pradeep/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Apt-Command-Install-Cockpit-Ubuntu-22-04.png
[2]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Check-Cockpit-WebConsole-Version-Ubuntu.png
[3]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Install-Cockpit-Podman-Support-Ubuntu-22-04.png
[4]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Cockpit-Service-Status-Ubuntu-22-04.png
[5]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Socket-Connection-Cockpit-Ubuntu-22-04.png
[6]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Allow-cockpit-console-port-ubuntu-22-04.png
[7]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Cockpit-WebConsole-URL-Ubuntu-22-04.png
[8]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Accept-Certificate-Cockpit-WebConsole.png
[9]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Cockpit-Login-Page-Ubuntu-22-04.png
[10]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Cockpit-Dashboard-Ubuntu-22-04.png
[11]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/View-Network-Statistics-from-Cockpit-WebConsole.png
[12]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/System-Services-Status-Cockpit-WebConsole-Ubuntu-22-04.png
[13]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Software-Updates-Cockpit-WebConsole-Ubuntu-22-04.png

185
sources/tech/20220919 PyLint- The good, the bad, and the ugly.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
[#]: subject: "PyLint: The good, the bad, and the ugly"
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/9/pylint-good-bad-ugly"
[#]: author: "Moshe Zadka https://opensource.com/users/moshez"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
PyLint: The good, the bad, and the ugly
======
Get the most out of PyLint.
![Python programming language logo with question marks][1]
Image by: Opensource.com
Hot take: PyLint is actually good!
"PyLint can save your life" is an exaggeration, but not as much as you might think! PyLint can keep you from really really hard to find and complicated bugs. At worst, it can save you the time of a test run. At best, it can help you avoid complicated production mistakes.
### The good
I'm embarrassed to say how common this can be. Naming tests is perpetually *weird*: Nothing cares about the name, and there's often not a natural name to be found. For instance, look at this code:
```
def test_add_small():
    # Math, am I right?
    assert 1 + 1 == 3
   
def test_add_large():
    assert 5 + 6 == 11
   
def test_add_small():
    assert 1 + 10 == 11
```
The test works:
```
collected 2 items                                                                        
test.py ..
2 passed
```
In reality, these files can be hundreds of lines long, and the person adding the new test might not be aware of all the names. Unless someone is looking at test output carefully, everything looks fine.
Worst of all, the *addition of the overriding test*, the *breakage of the overridden test*, and the *problem that results in prod* might be separated by days, months, or even years.
### PyLint finds it
But like a good friend, PyLint is there for you.
```
test.py:8:0: E0102: function already defined line 1
     (function-redefined)
```
### The bad
Like a 90s sitcom, the more you get into PyLint, the more it becomes problematic. This is completely reasonable code for an inventory modeling program:
```
"""Inventory abstractions"""
import attrs
@attrs.define
class Laptop:
    """A laptop"""
    ident: str
    cpu: str
```
It seems that PyLint has opinions (probably formed in the 90s) and is not afraid to state them as facts:
```
$ pylint laptop.py | sed -n '/^laptop/s/[^ ]*: //p'
R0903: Too few public methods (0/2) (too-few-public-methods)
```
### The ugly
Ever wanted to add your own unvetted opinion to a tool used by millions? PyLint has 12 million monthly downloads.
> "People will just disable the whole check if it's too picky." —PyLint issue 6987, July 3rd, 2022
The attitude it takes towards adding a test with potentially many false positives is...*"eh."*
### Making it work for you
PyLint is fine, but you need to interact with it carefully. Here are the three things I recommend to make PyLint work for you.
#### 1. Pin it
Pin the PyLint version you use to avoid any surprises!
In your `.toml` file:
```
[project.optional-dependencies]
pylint = ["pylint"]
```
In your code:
```
from unittest import mock
```
This corresponds with code like this:
```
# noxfile.py
...
@nox.session(python=VERSIONS[-1])
def refresh_deps(session):
    """Refresh the requirements-*.txt files"""
    session.install("pip-tools")
    for deps in [..., "pylint"]:
        session.run(
            "pip-compile",
            "--extra",
            deps,
            "pyproject.toml",
            "--output-file",
            f"requirements-{deps}.txt",
        )
```
#### 2. Default deny
Disable all checks. Then enable ones that you think have a high value-to-false-positive ratio. (Not just false-negative-to-false-positive ratio!)
```
# noxfile.py
...
@nox.session(python="3.10")
def lint(session):
    files = ["src/", "noxfile.py"]
    session.install("-r", "requirements-pylint.txt")
    session.install("-e", ".")
    session.run(
        "pylint",
        "--disable=all",
        *(f"--enable={checker}" for checker in checkers)
        "src",
    )
```
#### 3. Checkers
These are some of the ones I like. Enforce consistency in the project, avoid some obvious mistakes.
```
checkers = [
    "missing-class-docstring",
    "missing-function-docstring",
    "missing-module-docstring",
    "function-redefined",
]
```
### Using PyLint
You can take just the good parts of PyLint. Run it in CI to keep consistency, and use the highest value checkers.
Lose the bad parts: Default deny checkers.
Avoid the ugly parts: Pin the version to avoid surprises.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/22/9/pylint-good-bad-ugly
作者：[Moshe Zadka][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/moshez
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/python_programming_question.png

180
sources/tech/20220920 3 ways to use the Linux inxi command.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
[#]: subject: "3 ways to use the Linux inxi command"
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/9/linux-inxi-command"
[#]: author: "Don Watkins https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
3 ways to use the Linux inxi command
======
I use inxi on Linux to check my laptop batter, CPU information, and even the weather.
![Coding on a computer][1]
I was looking for information about the health of my laptop battery when I stumbled upon `inxi`. It's a command line system information tool that provides a wealth of information about your Linux computer, whether it's a laptop, desktop, or server.
The `inxi` command is [licensed][2] with the GPLv3, and many Linux distributions include it. According to its Git repository: "inxi strives to support the widest range of operating systems and hardware, from the most simple consumer desktops, to the most advanced professional hardware and servers."
Documentation is robust, and the project maintains a complete [man page][3] online. Once installed, you can access the man page on your system with the `man inxi` command.
### Install inxi on Linux
Generally, you can install `inxi` from your distribution's software repository or app center. For example, on Fedora, CentOS, Mageia, or similar:
```
$ sudo dnf install inxi
```
On Debian, Elementary, Linux Mint, or similar:
```
$ sudo apt install inxi
```
You can find more information about installation options for your Linux distribution [here][4].
### 3 ways to use inxi on Linux
Once you install `inxi`, you can explore all its options. There are numerous options to help you learn more about your system. The most fundamental command provides a basic overview of your system:
```
$ inxi -b
System:
  Host: pop-os Kernel: 5.19.0-76051900-generic x86_64 bits: 64
        Desktop: GNOME 42.3.1 Distro: Pop!_OS 22.04 LTS
Machine:
  Type: Laptop System: HP product: Dev One Notebook PC v: N/A
        serial: <superuser required>
  Mobo: HP model: 8A78 v: KBC Version 01.03 serial: <superuser required>
        UEFI: Insyde v: F.05 date: 06/14/2022
Battery:
  ID-1: BATT charge: 50.6 Wh (96.9%) condition: 52.2/53.2 Wh (98.0%)
CPU:
  Info: 8-core AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 5850U with Radeon Graphics [MT MCP]
        speed (MHz): avg: 915 min/max: 400/4507
Graphics:
  Device-1: AMD Cezanne driver: amdgpu v: kernel
  Device-2: Quanta HP HD Camera type: USB driver: uvcvideo
  Display: x11 server: X.Org v: 1.21.1.3 driver: X: loaded: amdgpu,ati
        unloaded: fbdev,modesetting,radeon,vesa gpu: amdgpu
        resolution: 1920x1080~60Hz
  OpenGL:
        renderer: AMD RENOIR (LLVM 13.0.1 DRM 3.47 5.19.0-76051900-generic)
        v: 4.6 Mesa 22.0.5
Network:
  Device-1: Realtek RTL8822CE 802.11ac PCIe Wireless Network Adapter
        driver: rtw_8822ce
Drives:
  Local Storage: total: 953.87 GiB used: 75.44 GiB (7.9%)
Info:
  Processes: 347 Uptime: 15m Memory: 14.96 GiB used: 2.91 GiB (19.4%)
  Shell: Bash inxi: 3.3.13
```
### 1. Display battery status
You can check your battery health using the `-B` option. The result shows the system battery ID, charge condition, and other information:
```
$ inxi -B
Battery:
ID-1: BATT charge: 44.3 Wh (85.2%) condition: 52.0/53.2 Wh (97.7%)
```
### 2. Display CPU info
Find out more information about the CPU with the `-C` option:
```
$ inxi -C
CPU:
Info: 8-core model: AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 5850U with Radeon Graphics bits: 64
type: MT MCP cache: L2: 4 MiB
Speed (MHz): avg: 400 min/max: 400/4507 cores: 1: 400 2: 400 3: 400
4: 400 5: 400 6: 400 7: 400 8: 400 9: 400 10: 400 11: 400 12: 400 13: 400
14: 400 15: 400 16: 400
```
The output of `inxi` uses colored text by default. You can change that to improve readability, as needed, by using the "color switch."
The command option is `-c` followed by any number between 0 and 42 to suit your tastes.
```
$ inxi -c 42
```
Here is an example of a couple of different options using color 5 and then 7:
![inxi -c 5 command][5]
The software can show hardware temperature, fan speed, and other information about your system using the sensors in your Linux system. Enter `inxi -s` and read the result below:
![inxi -s][6]
### 3. Combine options
You can combine options for `inxi` to get complex output when supported. For example, `inxi -S` provides system information, and `-v` provides verbose output. Combining the two gives the following:
```
$ inxi -S
System:
  Host: pop-os Kernel: 5.19.0-76051900-generic x86_64 bits: 64
        Desktop: GNOME 42.3.1 Distro: Pop!_OS 22.04 LTS
$ inxi -Sv
CPU: 8-core AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 5850U with Radeon Graphics (-MT MCP-)
speed/min/max: 634/400/4507 MHz Kernel: 5.19.0-76051900-generic x86_64
Up: 20m Mem: 3084.2/15318.5 MiB (20.1%) Storage: 953.87 GiB (7.9% used)
Procs: 346 Shell: Bash inxi: 3.3.13
```
### Bonus: Check the weather
Your computer isn't all `inxi` can gather information about. With the `-w` option, you can also get weather information for your locale:
```
$ inxi -w
Weather:
  Report: temperature: 14 C (57 F) conditions: Clear sky
  Locale: Wellington, G2, NZL
        current time: Tue 30 Aug 2022 16:28:14 (Pacific/Auckland)
        Source: WeatherBit.io
```
You can get weather information for other areas of the world by specifying the city and country you want along with `-W` :
```
$ inxi -W rome,italy
Weather:
  Report: temperature: 20 C (68 F) conditions: Clear sky
  Locale: Rome, Italy current time: Tue 30 Aug 2022 06:29:52
        Source: WeatherBit.io
```
### Wrap up
There are many great tools to gather information about your computer. I use different ones depending on the machine, the desktop, or my mood. What are your favorite system information tools?
Image by: (Don Watkins, CC BY-SA 4.0)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/22/9/linux-inxi-command
作者：[Don Watkins][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/code_computer_laptop_hack_work.png
[2]: https://github.com/smxi/inxi/blob/master/LICENSE.txt
[3]: https://smxi.org/docs/inxi-man.htm
[4]: https://smxi.org/docs/inxi-installation.htm#inxi-repo-install
[5]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-09/inxi-c5.png
[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-09/inxi-s.png

106
sources/tech/20220920 Atoms is a GUI Tool to Let You Manage Linux Chroot Environments Easily.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
[#]: subject: "Atoms is a GUI Tool to Let You Manage Linux Chroot Environments Easily"
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/atoms-chroot-tool/"
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Atoms is a GUI Tool to Let You Manage Linux Chroot Environments Easily
======
A chroot environment provides you with isolation for testing in Linux. You do not need to take the hassle of creating a virtual machine. Instead, if you want to test an application or something else, create a chroot environment that allows you to select a different root directory.
So, with chroot, you get to test stuff without giving the application access to the rest of the system. Any application you install or anything you try gets confined to that directory and does not affect the functioning of your operating system.
Chroot has its perks, which is why it is a convenient way to test things for various users (especially system administrators).
Unfortunately, all of this works via the Linux terminal. What if you can have a graphical user interface to make things a little easy? That’s where “**Atoms**” comes in.
### Atoms: A GUI to Manage Linux Chroot(s)
![atoms][1]
Atoms is a GUI tool that makes it convenient to create and manage Linux chroot environments.
It also supports integration with [Distrobox][2]. So, you can also manage containers using Atoms.
However, the developers mention that this tool does not offer seamless integration with Podman, explaining its purpose: “*its purpose is only to allow the user to open a shell in a new environment, be it chroot or container.”*
If you are looking for such a thing, you might want to check out [pods][3].
### Features of Atoms
![atoms options][4]
Atoms is a straightforward GUI program that lets you create chroot environments for several supported Linux distributions.
Let me highlight the supported distros along with their functionalities offered:
* Browse files for the chroot(s) created.
* Ability to choose mount points to expose.
* Access to the console.
* Supported Linux distros include Ubuntu, Alpine Linux, Fedora, Rocky Linux, Gentoo, AlmaLinux, OpenSUSE, Debian, and CentOS.
It is incredibly easy to use. Creating an atom from within the app is a one-click process.
All you have to do is name the atom, and select the Linux distribution from the list of available options (Ubuntu as the selection in the screenshot above). It downloads the image and sets up the chroot environment for you in a few minutes as shown below.
![atom config][5]
Once its done, you can access the options to launch the console to manage the chroot environment or customize/delete it.
![atoms option][6]
To access the console, head to the other tab menu. Pretty seamless experience, and works well, at least for Ubuntu that I tested.
![atoms console][7]
Additionally, you can detach the console to access it as a separate window.
![atoms detach console][8]
### Installing Atoms on Linux
You can install Atoms on any Linux distribution with the Flatpak package available on [Flathub][9]. Follow our [Flatpak guide][10] if you are new to Linux.
**Note:** The latest stable version **1.0.2** is only available via Flathub.
To explore its source code and other details, head to its [GitHub page][11].
### Conclusion
The Linux command line is powerful and you can do almost anything with the commands. But not everyone feels comfortable with it and thus tools like Atoms make it more convenient by providing a GUI.
And Atoms is not the only one of this kind. There is [Grub Customizer][12] that makes it easier to change [Grub][13] configuration which can be done with the command line.
I believe there are many more such tools out there.
*What do you think about using a GUI program like Atom to manage Chroot environments? Share your thoughts in the comments down below.*
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://itsfoss.com/atoms-chroot-tool/
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/atoms.png
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/distrobox/
[3]: https://github.com/marhkb/pods
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/atoms-options.png
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/atom-config.png
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/atoms-option.png
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/atoms-console.png
[8]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/atoms-detach-console.png
[9]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/pm.mirko.Atoms
[10]: https://itsfoss.com/flatpak-guide/
[11]: https://github.com/AtomsDevs/Atoms
[12]: https://itsfoss.com/grub-customizer-ubuntu/
[13]: https://itsfoss.com/what-is-grub/

137
translated/tech/20220608 Rufus for Linux- Here Are the Best Live USB Creating Tools.md
View File

@ -1,137 +0,0 @@
[#]: subject: "Rufus for Linux? Here Are the Best Live USB Creating Tools"
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/live-usb-creator-linux/"
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: "alfred-hong"
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Rufus 创建 Linux? 这里有最佳的 U 盘启动盘创建工具
======
Rufus 一个用来创建启动盘的完全开源程序。它可以按照您的需求进行调整，用起来很简单。不仅用起来很方便，而且制作启动盘的速度也很快。
遗憾的是，Rufus 不能在Linux上使用，它只能在 Windows 上使用。因此大多数在 Windows 上使用过 Rufus 的人，都会在Linux上寻找替代软件。
如果你也是一样在寻找替代品，不用担心，对不同的使用条件我们有一些优秀的替代软件。
我们来看看一些关于 Rufus 的替代软件：
### 6 款最佳的 Linux 启动盘创建工具
列出的所有替代软件都是完全开源的，并且在 Linux 发行版运行很好。
**注意：** *下列软件无任何特定排序*
#### 1. BalenaEtcher
![balena etcher 2022][1]
BalenaEtcher 或 Etcher 对于多平台( Windows、 MacOS)用户是一个很好的选择，包括 Linux 用户。
在此软件上没有任何高级选项。因此十分容易使用。只需要选择 ISO（镜像文件），然后选中目标 U 盘进行写入即可。
它是完全开源的，并在写入完成后检验你的 U 盘。此外，它还自动选择连接你的 U 盘，用以避免你不小心的选择硬盘格式化。
你可以参考安装 Linux [便捷手册][2]。
[BalenaEtcher][3]
#### 2. Fedora Media Writer
![fedora media writer][4]
Fedora Media Writer 是专门用来帮助用户创建 Fedora Linux 启动盘的软件。如果你还没有 ISO 文件，你可以用它下载。
它也是一个优秀的 U 盘启动盘修复程序，当其他的 U 盘启动盘创建软件导致你不能格式化你的 U 盘时。
不用担心，您也可以选择其他镜像（除了 Fedora Linux）来创建启动盘。
你可以在 Flathub 找到任何 Linux 发行版的最新的 [Flatpak][5] 软件包。如果你是新手请参考 [Flatpak 指导][6]
[Fedora Media Writer][7]
#### 3. Startup Disk Creator
![startup disk creator][8]
如果你使用的是 Ubuntu 系统，再系统上已经预装了一个 U 盘启动盘制作软件即 Startup Disk Creator。
你可以用它选择任何需要的 ISO 文件（最好是 Ubuntu 的任何版本）和选择 USB 设备进行下一步。
当你确认操作后，它就会写入数据来完成制作启动盘。
#### 4. SUSE Studio Imagewriter
![imagewriter suse][9]
SUSE Studio Imagewriter 是一个简单的启动盘制作软件。
我没有在 Ubuntu 软件中心找到它，但是在 the community repositories (Manjaro) 和 AUR中可以找到。如果它可以适配你的 Linux 发行版，你可以试试它。
[SUSE Studio Imagewriter][10]
#### 5. UNetbootin
![unetbootin][11]
UNetbootin 是一个支持 Linux、Windows 和 macOS 的 U 盘启动制作软件. 如果您想查看所有可用的驱动，您有几个选项进行调整，还可以选择一个发行版来自动下载ISO文件。
它与上面的软件不同，它并不是指定用在某些 Linux 发行版。因此，它支持各种各种各样的发行版和系统程序。
[UNetbootin][12]
#### 6. Ventoy
![ventoy screenshot 2022][13]
Ventoy 是一个有趣的 USB 启动盘解决方案，它只要你复制粘贴镜像文件到 U 盘。
你仅仅需要在 U 盘上安装 Venoy，它会在其建立两个分区。其中一个用来存储 ISO 镜像，你只需要将镜像文件粘贴到 U 盘即制作成功。
有趣的是你还可以用来[引导多个系统][14]。
它可在 Windows 和 Linux 上使用。
[Ventoy][15]
### 尾声
如果你的 U 盘上需要多个Linux发行版而不是反复格式化它， Ventoy 似乎是上面所有选项中一个令人兴奋的选择。
为了简单起见，特定发行版的工具可是很好的选择，例如：Ubuntu 的 Startup Disk Creator 和 Fedora 的镜像烧录 Fedora Media Writer。
SUSE Studio Imagewriter 是一个有趣的选择，但可不能不是最方便的。
如果你没有任何特定的偏好，BalenaEtcher 应该是最直接的选择，UNetbootin 是它的一个合适的替代软件。
你最偏爱哪个 U 盘启动盘创建软件？在下面的评论区中让我了解你的想法。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://itsfoss.com/live-usb-creator-linux/
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/balena-etcher-2022-800x537.png
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/install-etcher-linux/
[3]: https://www.balena.io/etcher/
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/fedora-media-writer.png
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/what-is-flatpak/
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/flatpak-guide/
[7]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.fedoraproject.MediaWriter
[8]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/startup-disk-creator.png
[9]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/imagewriter-suse.png
[10]: https://software.opensuse.org/package/imagewriter
[11]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/unetbootin.png
[12]: https://unetbootin.github.io/
[13]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/ventoy-screenshot-2022.png
[14]: https://itsfoss.com/multiple-linux-one-usb/
[15]: https://www.ventoy.net/