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translating by LHRchina
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What you need to know about hybrid cloud
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============================================================
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### Learn the ins and outs of hybrid cloud, including what it is and how to use it.
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Image by :
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[Jason Baker][10]. [CC BY-SA 4.0][11].
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Of the many technologies that have emerged over the past decade, cloud computing is notable for its rapid advance from a niche technology to global domination. On its own, cloud computing has created a lot of confusion, arguments, and debates, and "hybrid" cloud, which blends several types of cloud computing, has created even more uncertainty. Read on for answers to some of the most common questions about hybrid cloud.
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### What is a hybrid cloud?
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Basically, a hybrid cloud is a flexible and integrated combination of on-premises infrastructure, private cloud, and public (i.e., third-party) cloud platforms. Even though public and private cloud services are bound together in a hybrid cloud, in practice they remain unique and separate entities with services that can be orchestrated together. The choice to use both public and private cloud infrastructure is based on several factors, including cost, load flexibility, and data security.
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Advanced features, such as scale-up and scale-out, can quickly expand a cloud application's infrastructure on demand, making hybrid cloud a popular choice for services with seasonal or other variable resource demands. (Scaling up means to increase compute resources, such as CPU cores and memory, on a specific Linux instance, whereas scaling out means to provision multiple instances with similar configurations and distribute them into a cluster.)
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Explore the open source cloud
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* [What is the cloud?][1]
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* [What is OpenStack?][2]
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* [What is Kubernetes?][3]
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* [Why the operating system matters for containers][4]
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* [Keeping Linux containers safe and secure][5]
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At the center of hybrid cloud solutions sits open source software, such as [OpenStack][12], that deploys and manages large networks of virtual machines. Since its initial release in October 2010, OpenStack has been thriving globally. Some of its integrated projects and tools handle core cloud computing services, such as compute, networking, storage, and identity, while dozens of other projects can be bundled together with OpenStack to create unique and deployable hybrid cloud solutions.
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### Components of the hybrid cloud
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As illustrated in the graphic below, a hybrid cloud consists of private cloud, public cloud, and the internal network connected and managed through orchestration, system management, and automation tools.
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### [hybridcloud1.jpg][6]
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Model of the hybrid cloud
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### Public cloud infrastructure:
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* **Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) **provides compute resources, storage, networking, firewall, intrusion prevention services (IPS), etc. from a remote data center. These services can be monitored and managed using a graphical user interface (GUI) or a command line interface (CLI). Rather than purchasing and building their own infrastructure, public IaaS users consume these services as needed and pay based on usage.
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* **Platform as a Service (PaaS)** allows users to develop, test, manage, and run applications and servers. These include the operating system, middleware, web servers, database, and so forth. Public PaaS provides users with predefined services in the form of templates that can be easily deployed and replicated, instead of manually implementing and configuring infrastructure.
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* **Software as a Service (SaaS)** delivers software through the internet. Users can consume these services under a subscription or license model or at the account level, where they are billed as active users. SaaS software is low cost, low maintenance, painless to upgrade, and reduces the burden of buying new hardware, software, or bandwidth to support growth.
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### Private cloud infrastructure:
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* Private **IaaS and PaaS** are hosted in isolated data centers and integrated with public clouds that can consume the infrastructure and services available in remote data centers. This enables a private cloud owner to leverage public cloud infrastructure to expand applications and utilize their compute, storage, networking, and so forth across the globe.
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* **SaaS** is completely monitored, managed, and controlled by public cloud providers. SaaS is generally not shared between public and private cloud infrastructure and remains a service provided through a public cloud.
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### Cloud orchestration and automation tools:
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A cloud orchestration tool is necessary for planning and coordinating private and public cloud instances. This tool should inherit intelligence, including the capability to streamline processes and automate repetitive tasks. Further, an integrated automation tool is responsible for automatically scaling up and scaling out when a set threshold is crossed, as well as performing self-healing if any fractional damage or downtime occurs.
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### System and configuration management tools:
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In a hybrid cloud, system and configuration tools, such as [Foreman][13], manage the complete lifecycles of the virtual machines provisioned in private and public cloud data centers. These tools give system administrators the power to easily control users, roles, deployments, upgrades, and instances and to apply patches, bugfixes, and enhancements in a timely manner. Including [Puppet][14] in the Foreman tool enables administrators to manage configurations and define a complete end state for all provisioned and registered hosts.
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### Hybrid cloud features
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The hybrid cloud makes sense for most organizations because of these key features:
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* **Scalability:** In a hybrid cloud, integrated private and public cloud instances share a pool of compute resources for each provisioned instance. This means each instance can scale up or out anytime, as needed.
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* **Rapid response:** Hybrid clouds' elasticity supports rapid bursting of instances in the public cloud when private cloud resources exceed their threshold. This is especially valuable when peaks in demand produce significant and variable increases in load and capacity for a running application (e.g., online retailers during the holiday shopping season).
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* **Reliability:** Organizations can choose among public cloud providers based on the cost, efficiency, security, bandwidth, etc. that match their needs. In a hybrid cloud, organizations can also decide where to store sensitive data and whether to expand instances in a private cloud or to expand geographically through public infrastructure. Also, the hybrid model's ability to store data and configurations across multiple sites supports backup, disaster recovery, and high availability.
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* **Management:** Managing networking, storage, instances, and/or data can be tedious in non-integrated cloud environments. Traditional orchestration tools, in comparison to hybrid tools, are extremely modest and consequently limit decision making and automation for complete end-to-end processes and tasks. With hybrid cloud and an effective management application, you can keep track of every component as their numbers grow and, by regularly optimizing those components, minimize annual expense.
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* **Security:** Security and privacy are critical when evaluating whether to place applications and data in the cloud. The IT department must verify all compliance requirements and deployment policies. Security in the public cloud is improving and continues to mature. And, in the hybrid cloud model, organizations can store highly sensitive information in the private cloud and integrate it with less sensitive data stored in the public cloud.
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* **Pricing:** Cloud pricing is generally based on the infrastructure and service level agreement required. In the hybrid cloud model, users can compare costs at a granular level for compute resources (CPU/memory), bandwidth, storage, networking, public IP address, etc. Prices are either fixed or variable and can be metered monthly, hourly, or even per second. Therefore, users can always shop for the best pricing among public cloud providers and deploy their instances accordingly.
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### Where hybrid cloud is today
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Although there is a large and growing demand for public cloud offerings and migrating systems from on-premises to the public cloud, most large organizations remain concerned. Most still keep critical applications and data in corporate data centers and legacy systems. They fear losing control, security threats, data privacy, and data authenticity in public infrastructure. Because hybrid cloud minimizes these problems and maximizes benefits, it's the best solution for most large organizations.
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### Where we'll be five years from now
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I expect that the hybrid cloud model will be highly accepted globally, and corporate "no-cloud" policies will be rare, within only a handful of years. Here is what else I think we will see:
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* Since hybrid cloud acts as a shared responsibility, there will be increased coordination between corporate and public cloud providers for implementing security measures to curb cyber attacks, malware, data leakage, and other threats.
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* Bursting of instances will be rapid, so customers can spontaneously meet load requirements or perform self-healing.
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* Further, orchestration or automation tools (such as [Ansible][8]) will play a significant role by inheriting intelligence for solving critical situations.
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* Metering and the concept of "pay-as-you-go" will be transparent to customers, and tools will enable users to make decisions by monitoring fluctuating prices, safely destroy existing instances, and provision new instances to get the best available pricing.
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What predictions do you have for hybrid cloud—and cloud computing in general—over the next five years? Please share your opinions in the comments.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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作者简介：
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Amit Das - Amit works as an engineer in Red Hat, and is passionate about Linux, Cloud computing, DevOps etc. He is a strong believer that new innovation and technology, in a open way which makes world more open, can positively impact the society and change many lives.
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-----------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/17/7/what-is-hybrid-cloud
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作者：[Amit Das ][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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|
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://opensource.com/users/amit-das
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[1]:https://opensource.com/resources/cloud?src=cloud_resource_menu1
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[2]:https://opensource.com/resources/what-is-openstack?src=cloud_resource_menu2
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[3]:https://opensource.com/resources/what-is-kubernetes?src=cloud_resource_menu3
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[4]:https://opensource.com/16/12/yearbook-why-operating-system-matters?src=cloud_resource_menu4
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[5]:https://opensource.com/business/16/10/interview-andy-cathrow-anchore?src=cloud_resource_menu5
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[6]:https://opensource.com/file/364211
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[7]:https://opensource.com/article/17/7/what-is-hybrid-cloud?rate=TwB_2KyXM7iqrwDPGZpe6WultoCajdIVgp8xI4oZkTw
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[8]:https://opensource.com/life/16/8/cloud-ansible-gateway
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[9]:https://opensource.com/user/157341/feed
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[10]:https://opensource.com/users/jason-baker
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[11]:https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
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[12]:https://opensource.com/resources/openstack
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[13]:https://github.com/theforeman
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[14]:https://github.com/theforeman/puppet-foreman
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[15]:https://opensource.com/users/amit-das
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[16]:https://opensource.com/users/amit-das
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@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
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你需要了解的关于混合云的知识
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============================================================
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### 了解混合云的细节，包括它是什么以及如何使用它
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图片提供
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[Jason Baker][10]. [CC BY-SA 4.0][11].
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在过去10年出现的众多技术中，云计算因其从待开发的技术向全球统治的技术的快速发展而引人注目。就其本身来说，云计算已经造成了许多困惑、争论和辩论，而混合了多种类型的云计算的"混合"云计算也带来了更多的不确定性。阅读以下有关混合云的一些最常见问题的答案
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### 什么是混合云
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基本上，混合云是本地基础设施、私有云和公共云（例如，第三方云服务）的灵活和集成的组合。云平台、第三方)。尽管公共云和私有云服务在混合云中是绑定在一起的，但实际上，他们是独立且分开的服务实体，尽管可以编排在一起。使用公共和私有云基础设施的选择基于以下几个因素，包括成本、负载灵活性和数据安全性。
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高级特性，如扩展和延伸，可以快速扩展云应用程序的基础设施，使混合云成为具有季节性或其他可变资源需求的服务的流行选择。(扩展意味着在特定的Linux实例上增加计算资源，例如CPU内核和内存，而延伸则意味着提供具有相似配置的多个实例，并将它们分布到一个集群中)。
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探索开源云
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* [云是什么?][1]
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* [OpenStack是什么?][2]
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* [Kubernetes是什么?][3]
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* [为什么操作系统对容器很重要][4]
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* [保持Linux容器安全稳定][5]
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在混合云解决方案的中心是开源软件，如[OpenStack ][12]，它部署和管理大型虚拟机网络。自2010年10月发布以来，OpenStack一直在全球蓬勃发展。它的一些集成项目和工具处理核心的云计算服务，比如计算、网络、存储和身份识别，而其他数十个项目可以与OpenStack捆绑在一起，创建独特的、可部署的混合云解决方案。
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### 混合云的组件
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混合云模型
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### 公共云基础设施:
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* **基础设施即服务(IaaS) ** 从一个远程数据中心提供计算资源、存储、网络、防火墙、入侵预防服务(IPS)等。可以使用图形用户界面(GUI)或命令行接口(CLI)对这些服务进行监视和管理。公共IaaS用户不需要购买和构建自己的基础设施，而是根据需要使用这些服务，并根据使用情况付费.
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* **平台即服务(PaaS)**允许用户开发、测试、管理和运行应用程序和服务器。这些包括操作系统、中间件、web服务器、数据库等等。公共PaaS为用户提供了可以轻松部署和复制的模板形式的预定义服务，而不是手动实现和配置基础设施。.
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* **软件即服务(SaaS)**通过internet交付软件。用户可以根据订阅或许可模型或帐户级别使用这些服务，在这些服务中，这些服务被标榜为活跃用户。SaaS软件是低成本、低维护、不费力的升级，并且降低了购买新硬件、软件或带宽以支持增长的负担。.
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### 私有云基础设施:
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* 私有**IaaS和PaaS** 托管在孤立的数据中心中，并与公共云集成在一起，这些云可以使用远程数据中心中可用的基础设施和服务。这使私有云所有者能够在全球范围内利用公共云基础设施来扩展应用程序，并利用其计算、存储、网络等功能.
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* **SaaS** 是由公共云提供商完全监控、管理和控制的。SaaS一般不会在公共云和私有云基础设施之间共享，并且仍然是通过公共云提供的服务.
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### 云编排和自动化工具:
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对于计划和协调私有云和公共云实例，云编制工具是必要的。该工具应该继承智能，包括简化流程和自动化重复性任务的能力。此外，集成的自动化工具负责在设置阈值时自动扩展和延伸，以及在发生任何部分损坏或宕机时执行自修复。
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### 系统和配置管理工具:
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在混合云中，系统和配置工具，如[Foreman][13]，管理在私有云和公共云数据中心提供的虚拟机的完整生命周期。这些工具使系统管理员能够轻松地控制用户、角色、部署、升级和实例，并及时地应用补丁、bug修复和增强功能。包括Foreman工具中的[Puppet][14]，使管理员能够管理配置，并为所有的和注册的主机定义一个完整的结束状态
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### 混合云的特性
|
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对于大多数组织来说，混合云是有意义的，因为这些关键特性:
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* **可扩展性:** 在混合云中，集成的私有云和公共云实例共享每个可配置的实例的计算资源池。这意味着每个实例都可以在需要时按需扩展或退出.
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* **快速响应:** 当私有云资源超过其阈值时，混合云的弹性支持公共云中的实例快速崩溃。当需求高峰产生显著的、可变的运行应用程序的负载和容量增加时，这是特别有价值的。（例如，在线零售商在假日购物季期间）.
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* **可靠性:** 组织可以根据需要的成本、效率、安全性、带宽等来选择公共云服务提供商。在混合云中，组织还可以决定存储敏感数据的位置，以及在私有云中扩展实例，还是通过公共基础设施进行扩展。另外，混合模型在多个站点上存储数据和配置的能力支持备份、灾难恢复和高可用性
|
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* **管理:** 在非集成的云环境中，管理网络、存储、实例和/或数据可能是乏味的。与混合工具相比，传统的编配工具非常有限，因此限制了对完整的端到端进程和任务的决策和自动化。使用混合云和有效的管理应用程序，您可以跟踪每个组件的数量，并通过定期优化这些组件，使年度费用最小化。
|
||||
|
||||
* **安全性:** 在评估是否在云中放置应用程序和数据时，安全性和隐私是至关重要的。IT部门必须验证所有的遵从性需求和部署策略。公共云的安全性正在改善，并将继续成熟。而且，在混合云模型中，组织可以将高度敏感的信息存储在私有云中，并将其与存储在公共云中的不敏感数据集成在一起。
|
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||||
* **定价:** 云定价通常基于所需的基础设施和服务水平协议要求。在混合云模型中，用户可以对计算资源(cpu/内存)、带宽、存储、网络、公共IP地址等的粒度进行比较，价格要么是固定的，要么是可变的，可以按月、小时、甚至每秒钟计量。因此，用户总是可以在公共云提供商中购买最好的定价，并相应地部署实例
|
||||
|
||||
### 混合云今天在哪里
|
||||
|
||||
尽管对公共云服务的需求很大且不断增长，并且从本地到公共云的迁移系统，大多数大型组织仍然关注这一问题。大多数人仍然在企业数据中心和遗留系统中保留关键的应用程序和数据。他们担心在公共基础设施中失去控制、安全威胁、数据隐私和数据真实性。因为混合云将这些问题最小化并使收益最大化，对于大多数大型组织来说，这是最好的解决方案
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 五年后我们将在哪里
|
||||
|
||||
我预计混合云模型将在全球范围内被广泛接受，而公司的“无云”政策将在短短几年内非常罕见。这是我想我们会看到的
|
||||
|
||||
* 由于混合云作为一种共同的责任，企业和公共云提供商之间将加强协作，以实施安全措施来遏制网络攻击、恶意软件、数据泄漏和其他威胁
|
||||
|
||||
* 实例的爆发性将会很快，因此客户可以自发地满足负载需求或进行自我修复
|
||||
|
||||
* 此外，编排或自动化工具(如[Ansible][8])将通过继承用于解决关键问题的能力来发挥重要作用
|
||||
|
||||
* 计量和“量入为出”的概念对客户来说是透明的，并且工具将使用户能够通过监控价格波动，安全地破坏现有的实例，并提供新的实例以获得最佳的可用定价
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
作者简介：
|
||||
|
||||
Amit Das是一名Red Hat的工程师，他对Linux、云计算、DevOps等充满热情，他坚信以一种开放的方式的新的创新和技术，让世界更加开放，可以对社会产生积极的影响，改变许多人的生活
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
-----------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/17/7/what-is-hybrid-cloud
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Amit Das ][a]
|
||||
译者：[LHRchina](https://github.com/LHRchina)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://opensource.com/users/amit-das
|
||||
[1]:https://opensource.com/resources/cloud?src=cloud_resource_menu1
|
||||
[2]:https://opensource.com/resources/what-is-openstack?src=cloud_resource_menu2
|
||||
[3]:https://opensource.com/resources/what-is-kubernetes?src=cloud_resource_menu3
|
||||
[4]:https://opensource.com/16/12/yearbook-why-operating-system-matters?src=cloud_resource_menu4
|
||||
[5]:https://opensource.com/business/16/10/interview-andy-cathrow-anchore?src=cloud_resource_menu5
|
||||
[6]:https://opensource.com/file/364211
|
||||
[7]:https://opensource.com/article/17/7/what-is-hybrid-cloud?rate=TwB_2KyXM7iqrwDPGZpe6WultoCajdIVgp8xI4oZkTw
|
||||
[8]:https://opensource.com/life/16/8/cloud-ansible-gateway
|
||||
[9]:https://opensource.com/user/157341/feed
|
||||
[10]:https://opensource.com/users/jason-baker
|
||||
[11]:https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
|
||||
[12]:https://opensource.com/resources/openstack
|
||||
[13]:https://github.com/theforeman
|
||||
[14]:https://github.com/theforeman/puppet-foreman
|
||||
[15]:https://opensource.com/users/amit-das
|
||||
[16]:https://opensource.com/users/amit-das
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user