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Add vitality to your desktop with Saucy Salamander Wallpaper pack.mdBanshee Music Player Sees First Release In 12 Months.mdFlower Coil, retro challenging puzzle game (Ubuntu Software Center).mdGParted 0.16.2 Review.mdInstall Jitsi Instant Messenger in Ubuntu.mdInstalling XScreenSaver In Ubuntu.mdMusic App ‘Musique’ Adds Album Sorting, Gapless Playback and Playlist Tweaks.mdThe Linux Backdoor Attempt of 2003.mdUbuntu Desktop Guide updated for Saucy in Ubuntu 13.10.mdUbuntu-13-10-vs-Ubuntu-13-04-Reasons-to-Upgrade.mdWeather App updated with subtle color refinements.mdiLinux Is the Largest Collection of Custom Icons on the Linux Platform.md
sources
A Look Back at the Linux Kernel Backdoor.mdA Pentesting Release for the Raspberry Pi.mdCalibre 1.6 released with handy mark-book feature.mdDaily Ubuntu Tips–Things To Do After Installing Ubuntu.mdDebian 7.2 Wheez Officially Released.mdGTK3-based Twitter App ‘Corebird’ In Development.mdHow This 75 Year-Old Piece of Paper Started Modern Computing.mdHow to Test Your Internet Speed with a Terminal Command.mdInstall Rhythmbox 3.0 In Ubuntu 13.10 Or 13.04.mdInstalling a Desktop Algorithmic Trading Research Environment using Ubuntu Linux and Python.mdLinux Terminal--Seeing the unseen characters with cat!.mdLinux only needs one 'killer' game to explode, says Battlefield director.mdManage Passwords Securely in Ubuntu with KeePassX.mdMark Shuttleworth to attend and conduct keynote at OpenStack Summit in Hong Kong, November 5th - 8th 2013.mdMastering the “Kill” Command in Linux.mdPowerful chess application PyChess 0.12 BETA 4 released with new improvements.mdSalvation Prophecy Military Space Epic Arrives on Steam for Linux.mdShotwell 0.15 released with new features and fixes.mdThe Debian OpenSSL Bug- Backdoor or Security Accident.mdThoughts on Mir and the community.mdUbuntu 13.10 Review--A great Linux desktop gets better.mdUbuntu Tweak 0.8.6 released with Ubuntu 13.10 support and improvements.mdapt-fast--Improve apt-get Download Speed.md
translated
Add vitality to your desktop with Saucy Salamander Wallpaper pack.mdAre We Witnessing the Decline of Ubuntu.mdContacts App updated with enhanced avatar support.mdE-Mail App Geary Gets New Look, New Features.mdGTK3-based Twitter App ‘Corebird’ In Development.mdHow To Upgrade From Ubuntu 13.04 Raring To Ubuntu 13.10 Saucy Salamander.mdHow to Install the iOS 7 Icons in Ubuntu 13.04 and Ubuntu 13.10.mdInstall Jitsi Instant Messenger in Ubuntu.mdInstalling XScreenSaver In Ubuntu.mdMusic App ‘Musique’ Adds Album Sorting, Gapless Playback and Playlist Tweaks.mdOpen source is brutal- an interview with Google's Chris DiBona.mdShotwell 0.15 released with new features and fixes.mdThe Debian OpenSSL Bug- Backdoor or Security Accident.mdUbuntu 13.10 Review--A great Linux desktop gets better.mdUbuntu Desktop Guide updated for Saucy in Ubuntu 13.10.mdUbuntu-13-10-vs-Ubuntu-13-04-Reasons-to-Upgrade.mdWeather App updated with subtle color refinements.mdiLinux Is the Largest Collection of Custom Icons on the Linux Platform.md

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“俏皮的蝾螈”墙纸为你的桌面添加活力
==============================
2013年10月17日，Ubuntu 13.10即将发行，这将是又一个令人兴奋的功能强大的操作系统，该系统包含许多新的特性和改进，以及设计比赛产生的、默认设计的新的桌面壁纸。
**俏皮的蝾螈壁纸** 是一组简约风格的桌面环境，它的中心图案由一个活泼的蝾螈组成。
基本来说，这套壁纸的核心内容是一只在橙色背景上白色风格的蝾螈，同时在壁纸的四个边角添加了白色的圆角，用来衬托这只可爱的蝾螈小演员。
这样做的结果是：映入眼帘的图案是愉快和安静的，同时橙色的背景也为Dash添加了温暖的色调。
![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/1366x768saucy.png)
俏皮的蝾螈壁纸包含有以下几个 **尺寸**：1024x768, 1080x1024, 1366x768, 1440x900, 1920x1080, 1920x1080, 用来满足不同分辨率的需要。
要了解更多的信息，壁纸及 **XCF** 源文件的下载，可以访问以下网址： [http://www.deviantart.com/art/Saucy-Salamander-Wallpaper-402488552][1]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://iloveubuntu.net/add-vitality-your-desktop-saucy-salamander-wallpaper-pack
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
译者：[woodboow](https://github.com/woodboow) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
[1]:http://www.deviantart.com/art/Saucy-Salamander-Wallpaper-402488552

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音乐播放器将在12个月内首次发布
================================================================================
Banshee音乐播放器将在等待了一年后再次发布新版本
====================================
就像等待首张专辑一样，实际上Banshee音乐播放器的粉丝们也等待了很长一段时间了——12个月了。
![img](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/tile-template4.jpg)
[Banshee 2.9.0版本的发布][1], 在通往下一个稳定版本道路上的首个里程碑 (Banshee 3.0, 真正的粉丝)，修复了36个漏洞，实现了应用移植到GTK3（绝对不是任何简单的事情）并且增加了音乐与运行塞班系统设备同步的功能。
*所有的3 N95用户可能会激动的功能*
[Banshee 2.9.0版本的发布][1], 在通往下一个稳定版本道路上的首个里程碑 (Banshee 3.0, 真正的粉丝)，修复了36个漏洞，实现了应用移植到GTK3（绝对不是一件简单的事情）并且增加了和塞班手机同步音乐的功能。（*这是让所有的N95用户都会激动的功能*）
其他改进包括：
@ -20,27 +20,25 @@
**获得Banshee 2.9.0**
目前位置还没有任何关于这个最新版本什么时候才能在Ubuntu上可用的消息。
目前为止还没有任何关于这个最新版本什么时候才能在Ubuntu上可用的消息。
但是，如果你想为安装它做准备的话，你可以添加Banshee团队的PPA。这能在不远的将来，升级最新的Banshee或者任何需要关联它而运行的程序时会用到。
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:banshee-team/ppa
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install banshee
一旦安装完成，Banshee能够通过Unity Dash，GNOME Shell活动覆盖（activities overlay）或者Mint Menu启动。
一旦安装完成，Banshee能够通过Unity Dash，GNOME Shell激活角（activities overlay）或者Mint Menu启动。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
来自: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/10/banshee-music-player-2-9-0-released
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
译者：[SCUSJS][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
[SCUSJS]:http://blog.csdn.net/scusjs
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
（译注，本文的原文已经重新发布，和译文的历史版本不同。）
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
译者：[SCUSJS](http://blog.csdn.net/scusjs) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
[1]:http://banshee.fm/download/archives/2-9-0/
[2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/10/coverart-browser-for-linux-music-players

18
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Flower Coil，一个颇具挑战性的复古风益智游戏
================================================================================
=====================================
Flower Coil是一个简单但有趣的复古风游戏，用户为了要完成任务，必须要通过认真的思考，一步一步谨慎的移动角色才行。
基本上来说，玩家主要操作就是控制游戏中的角色，让他平滑的移动。游戏环节的重点是玩家要仔细的计算下一步操作，因为角色在完成每个任务时都有预定好的最多移动步数。
基本上来说，玩家主要操作就是控制游戏中的角色，让其滑动位置。游戏环节的重点是玩家要仔细的计算下一步操作，因为角色在完成每个任务时都有预定好的最多移动步数。
Flower Coil有解谜和街机两种模式，同时配以简约的视图效果以及活泼的提示音乐，这样做的效果是：从启动游戏时起，用户就要利用好每一秒钟（尤其是在街机模式中）和屏幕的每一个像素才能获得胜利。
@ -13,14 +14,9 @@ Flower Coil有解谜和街机两种模式，同时配以简约的视图效果以
Flower Coil可以通过Ubuntu软件中心免费进行[下载][1]。
via: http://iloveubuntu.net/flower-coil-retro-challenging-puzzle-game-ubuntu-software-center
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
译者：[译者ID][markvv] 校对：[校对者ID][]
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/markvv
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
译者：[woodboow](https://github.com/woodboow) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
[1]:apt://flower-coil

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回顾GParted 0.16.2
================================================================================
小评磁盘分区软件GParted 0.16.2
=========================
**GParted可能是Linux平台上最重要的应用程序之一了，并且它也是最有用最易识别的软件之一。**
不能够把GParted作为一个独立的应用程序来讨论。公平的说，它本是采用GTK+开发的GNU Parted的前端程序。但是由于开发人员做了许多工作，使得它的功能已经不仅仅只是给这个复杂而难用的软件提供一个简单的图形界面了。
![img](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/GParted-Review-387094-2.jpg)
GParted项目启动于2004年，自从那时起开发人员一直在不断的完善它。这个过程是缓慢的，最新发布的版本号是0.16.2（该版本已经被我们审核过）。难以想象这个开发工作一下就持续了几乎10年。
不能把GParted作为一个单独的应用程序来讨论。公平的说，它本是采用GTK+开发的GNU Parted的前端程序。但是由于开发人员做了许多工作，使得它的功能已经不仅仅只是给这个复杂而难用的软件提供一个简单的图形界面了。
用户会发现GParted不仅仅是唯一的工具。同样可以使用一个名叫GParted Live的操作系统，它无需安装即可直接使用。它可以在任何带有光驱或者USB接口的系统上直接运行，包括Mac操作系统。
GParted项目启动于2004年，自从那时起开发人员一直在不断的完善它。这个过程是缓慢的，最新发布的版本号是0.16.2（该版本已经被我们点评过）。难以想象这个开发工作一下就持续了近十年。
用户会发现GParted不仅仅是一个工具，还有一个名叫GParted Live的Live操作系统，它无需安装即可直接使用，它可以在任何带有光驱或者USB接口的系统上直接运行，包括Mac操作系统。
很难想像在Linux世界中没有这个工具会怎样，但是我们也不得不说，它并不是完成这方面工作唯一工具。
**安装**
###安装
这是一项困难的工作。GParted的开发者们只提供最新版软件的源代码，这就意味着如果你想获取最好的版本就不得不做一些编译的工作。这真是个坏消息。
我们在Ubuntu 13.10（代号俏皮的蝾螈）上安装了GParted，一切都很顺利。官方库所提供的最新版是0.16.2，这个版本应该可以满足大多数用户的需求了。该版本与最新0.16.2版之间的区别并不明显，只是在一些设置上有所改动。
我们在Ubuntu 13.10（代号俏皮的蝾螈）上安装了GParted，一切都很顺利。官方库所提供的最新版是0.16.1，这个版本应该可以满足大多数用户的需求了。该版本与最新0.16.2版之间的区别并不明显，只是在一些设置上有所改动。
我们假设你真的如饥似渴般想要最新的版本。首先，下载软件包然后解压它。这并不是一个很大的软件，编译时间也不会太长。通常，用户只需要输入下面的命令：
我们假设你真的如饥似渴般想要最新的版本。首先，下载软件包然后解压它。
下载GParted 0.16.2：
- [gparted-0.16.2.tar.bz2][1][sources] [1.80 MB]
这并不是一个很大的软件，编译时间也不会太长。通常，用户只需要输入下面的命令：
./configure
make
@ -30,15 +40,16 @@ GParted项目启动于2004年，自从那时起开发人员一直在不断的完
这条命令会从仓库中获得所有必须的依赖软件包，并将用户从复杂的一个一个安装依赖库的工作中解救出来。
**使用**
###使用
像我以前说的，这是一个分区编辑器。这意味着你可以通过它的用户界面进行移动、重新分配分区大小、重新分区以及做任何你想要做的事。
像我以前说的，这是一个磁盘分区编辑器。这意味着你可以通过它的用户界面进行移动、重新分配分区大小、重新分区以及做任何你想要做的事。
用户也可以删除分区，修复那些被其他系统损坏了的USB盘。你必须足够的小心。如果你像我一样安装了多系统，你会发现它会很容易损坏已经安装了的Windows系统。
GParted能够修改以下文件系统：btrfs, crypt / LUKS, ext2, ext3, ext4, fat16, fat32, hfs, hfs+, linux-swap, lvm2 pv, nilfs2, ntfs, reiserfs, reiser4, ufs, 以及 xfs。GParted也可以被用于克隆整个分区。
此外，GParted也接受了UEFI安全启动的支持，能够在任何具有此功能的PC电脑上流畅运行。
此外，GParted也得到了UEFI安全启动的支持，能够在任何具有此功能的PC电脑上流畅运行。
![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/GParted-Review-387094-2.jpg)
@ -48,9 +59,15 @@ GParted能够修改以下文件系统：btrfs, crypt / LUKS, ext2, ext3, ext4, f
![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/GParted-Review-387094-6.jpg)
###总结
谁会知道修改分区是件有趣的事呢？GParted把这项枯燥又具有潜在危险的活动变得并不那样可怕，为用户提供了一个很棒的用户体验，而不像命令行的应用程序那样。
那些用户不得不在终端中调整分区的日子已经远去了。GParted看起来像一个专业的解决方案，它是我们不能没有的工具。
**优点**
使用其它操作系统的用户，比如windows或者Mac，需要支付高额的费用来使用此类软件。而Linux用户可以免费获得，而且开发者在不断的维护这个程序。
使用其它操作系统的用户，比如windows或者Mac，需要支付高额的费用来使用这一类软件。而Linux用户则可以免费获得，而且开发者在不断的维护这个程序。
它的用户界面非常整洁，简单易懂，甚至Linux新手都能看的明白。
@ -60,27 +77,15 @@ GParted能够修改以下文件系统：btrfs, crypt / LUKS, ext2, ext3, ext4, f
对于这种情况，如果GParted能够提供更多综合性的建议，或者在开始的时候仅提供一个初级版本的话，或许会更合适。
**总结**
谁会知道修改分区是件有趣的事呢？GParted把这项枯燥又具有潜在危险的活动变得并不那样可怕，为用户提供了一个很棒的用户体验，而不像命令行的应用程序那样。
那些用户不得不在终端中调整分区的日子已经远去了。GParted看起来像一个专业的解决方案，它是我们不能没有的工具。
下载GParted 0.16.2：
- [gparted-0.16.2.tar.bz2][1][sources] [1.80 MB]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---
via: http://www.softpedia.com/reviews/linux/GParted-Review-387094.shtml
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
译者：[woodboow](https://github.com/woodboow) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
译者：[译者ID][markvv] 校对：[Caroline][]
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/markvv
[Caroline]:http://linux.cn/space/14763
[1]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/gparted/files/gparted/gparted-0.16.2/gparted-0.16.2.tar.bz2/download

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在Ubuntu下安装Jitsi Instant Messenger（Jisti即时信使）
=========================================
[Jitsi][1] 是Java编写的开源的、多平台的音频/视频网络电话和即时通信软件。它支持一些最流行的即时通信和电信协议，比如：SIP，Jabber/XMPP（这样就支持了Facebook和Google Talk），AIM，ICQ，MSN，Yahoo! Messenger。
Jitsi也被认为是Skype的一个很好的替代者。
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/About-Jitsi.png)
###安装Jitsi
按下键盘上的Ctrl+Alt+T组合键打开终端。在打开的终端中输入如下命令下载Jitsi：
**32位系统：**
$ wget https://download.jitsi.org/jitsi/debian/jitsi_2.2-latest_i386.deb
**64位系统：**
$ wget https://download.jitsi.org/jitsi/debian/jitsi_2.2-latest_amd64.deb
对于32位和64位系统都运行如下命令：
$ sudo dpkg -i jitsi_2.2-latest_*.deb
以上命令将在你的系统中安装Jitsi 2.2，并且在你的系统中添加Jitsi的源库，以便以后能够更加容易的升级。
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/jitsi_main.png)
###Jitsi的部分功能：
**支持的协议/网络**
- SIP XMPP (Jabber)
- GoogleTalk (使用XMPP) Facebook (使用XMPP)
- .NET Messenger Service (通常叫做MSN或者是Windows Live Messenger)，Yahoo! Messenger，AIM ICQ
**通话**
<table border=1 width=90%>
<tr><td>支持的协议</td><td>SIP</td><td>XMPP</td><td>MSN</td></tr>
<tr><td>音频通话</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td><td rowspan=17>由于项目终止而没有计划</td></tr>
<tr><td>视频通话</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td></tr>
<tr><td>桌面流</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td></tr>
<tr><td>桌面共享</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td></tr>
<tr><td>音频电话会议</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td></tr>
<tr><td>音频级别显示</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td></tr>
<tr><td>通话录音</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td></tr>
<tr><td>指定转接</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td></tr>
<tr><td>电话盲转</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td></tr>
<tr><td>通过SDES/SRTP和ZRTP实现通话加密</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td></tr>
<tr><td>通话静音</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td></tr>
<tr><td>通话保持</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td></tr>
<tr><td>支持ICE</td><td>正在进行</td><td>支持</td></tr>
<tr><td>支持TURN</td><td>正在进行</td><td>支持</td></tr>
<tr><td>使用SILK，G.722和Speex的宽带音频</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td></tr>
<tr><td>噪声抑制</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td></tr>
<tr><td>回声消除</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td></tr>
</table>
**即时通信**
<table border=1 width=90%>
<tr><td>支持的协议</td><td>XMPP</td><td>MSN</td><td>Yahoo!</td><td>ICQ/AIM</td><td>SIP</td></tr>
<tr><td>存在</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td></tr>
<tr><td>一对一聊天</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td></tr>
<tr><td>多用户聊天</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td><td>不支持</td></tr>
<tr><td>文件传输</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td><td>不支持</td></tr>
<tr><td>OTR加密</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td><td>支持</td><td>不支持</td></tr>
</table>
更多特性 [点击这里][2]
###使用Jitsi
Jitsi能够通过在终端中执行如下命令来运行
$ jitsi
或者从dash中运行
**Dash > Jitsi**
添加账户
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/addnew.png)
点击 **select network（选择网络）**.
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Add-new-account_0051.png)
在这个教程中，使用Gtalk帐号进行登录
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/select_account.png)
按要求输入你的**username（用户名）** 和 **password（密码）**。
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/login.png)
然后你就在线了。
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Jitsi_online.png)
聊天窗口。
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/chat.png)
对于其他Linux发行版，请访问Jitsi[下载页面][3]
如有问题，请访问我们的 Q/A 论坛 : http://ask.unixmen.com/ - 更多信息请参见: http://www.unixmen.com/install-jitsi-instant-messenger-ubuntu/#sthash.TuH8ZN0b.dpuf
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
来自: http://www.unixmen.com/install-jitsi-instant-messenger-ubuntu/
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:https://jitsi.org/Main/HomePage
[2]:https://jitsi.org/Main/Features
[3]:https://jitsi.org/Main/Download

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在Ubuntu中安装XScreenSaver
=======================
这个教程将会给你展示如何在Ubuntu 12.04(也包含其他Ubuntu版本)中加入屏幕保护，它们原本不包含X-windows屏幕保护程序。不过，一些对计算机或linux不熟悉的人，并不了解屏幕保护。到底屏幕保护能做什么呢?
屏幕保护是一个主要用于安全用途的计算机程序（译注：和最初屏幕保护的用途不同了）。当计算机空闲时，这个程序会清空屏幕或者在屏幕上填满移动的图片或图样。屏幕保护也可以用于娱乐或显示系统信息。当你打算离开办公室又不想让任何人看你电脑上的信息时，屏保程序将是绝佳的解决方案。
###屏幕保护怎么让我的电脑变得更安全？
屏幕保护能配置成在允许用户继续工作之前要求用户输入密码。但是请留意，如果设置为在启动机器后自动登入帐号，那么攻击者可以轻易的重启机器来登入你的帐号。
###怎么安装屏幕保护？
打开一个新的终端(ctrl+alt+T)，如图一所示。
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/screen1.png)
图一
在安装一个新的屏幕保护之前我们必须卸载默认屏幕保护，运行 'sudo apt-get remove gnome-screensaver' ，见图二。
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/screen4.png)
图二
用下列命令安装XScreenSaver和一些附加的屏保包。
sudo apt-get install xscreensaver xscreensaver-data-extra xscreensaver-gl-extra
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/screen6.png)
图三
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/screen7.png)
图四
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/screen9.png)
图五
XScreenSaver 每次启动后会随机选择一个屏幕保护.预了解如何配置XScreenSaver，参见[这里][1]。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.unixmen.com/installing-xscreensaver-ubuntu/
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://www.jwz.org/xscreensaver/faq.html

31
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音乐应用'Musique'增添专辑排序、无缝播放和播放列表调整功能
==============================================
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/cartoon_clouds_and_blue_sky-wallpaper-1152x864.jpg)
*Musique1.3排序选项功能(OS X 截图)*
**这周对于Linux上的音乐爱好者来说是再好不过了，继[Banshee的最新更新][3]之后，一个新的轻量级基于Qt的音乐播放器Musique发布了新版本。**
[Musique 1.3][1]建立在先前版本的核心功能之上，添加了最被期望的功能：通过网格视图中的歌手名字、人气指数、年代等来 **排序艺术家及专辑** 。
更新版本的Musique中，有一个完全重新开发的播放列表的新功能，它可以显示正在播放歌曲的专辑缩略图、歌曲切换提示，并且支持使用GStreamer声音后端的无缝播放。
还包含了各种bug修复、专辑和艺术家列表中的性能改进，以及本地专辑封面图片格式的更多选择。
Musique 1.3 **已经可以在Ubuntu软件中心中找到** ，支持12.04、12.10和13.10。不用额外使用PPA和deb包。
- [从Ubuntu软件中心安装 Musique 1.1][2]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/10/musique-1-3-update-adds-album-sorting
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
译者：[flsf](https://github.com/flsf) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
[1]:http://flavio.tordini.org/musique-1-3
[2]:apt:musique-ubuntu
[3]:http://linux.cn/thread/11710/1/1/

16
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
揭秘！—— 2003年Linux后门事件
揭秘！：2003年Linux后门事件
==================================
最近Josh写了[一篇文章][1]，讲述2006年Debian Linux中出现的一系列安全bug，探讨了这些所谓bug是否是NSA植入的后门。（最后他作出结论：可能不是）
@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
时间回到2003年，当时Linux使用一套叫做BitKeeper的系统来存储Linux源代码的主拷贝。如果开发者想要提交一份针对源码的修改，就必须经过一套严格的审核过程，以决定这份修改是否能够合并进主拷贝。每个针对主拷贝的修改都必须附带一段说明，说明当中都包括了一个记录相应审核过程的链接。
但是有些人不喜欢BitKeeper，于是这些开发者们就用另一套叫做CVS的系统，维护了一份Linux源代码的拷贝，这样他们就能随时按自己喜欢的方式获取Linux源代码了。CVS中的代码其实就是直接克隆了BitKeeper中的代码。
但是有些人不喜欢BitKeeper，于是这些开发者们就用另一套叫做CVS的系统（译注：Linus一直拒绝使用CVS，后来不得已使用了BitKeeper，并在因某些原因BitKeeper不再让开源社区免费使用后，花了不到一个月的时间自己开发了GIT的原型，并且投入了使用），维护了一份Linux源代码的拷贝，这样他们就能随时按自己喜欢的方式获取Linux源代码了。CVS中的代码其实就是直接克隆了BitKeeper中的代码。
但是在2003年11月5日的时候，Larry McVoy[发现][3]，CVS中的代码拷贝有一处改动并没有包含记录审核的链接。调查显示，这一处改动由陌生人添加，而且从未经过审核，不仅如此，在BitKeeper仓库的主拷贝中，这一处改动竟然压根就不存在。经过进一步调查后，可以明确，显然有人入侵了CVS的服务器并植入了此处改动。
@ -18,11 +18,11 @@
[有C语言编程经验的人也许会问：这两行代码有什么特别的？请接着往下看]
猛地一看，好像这两行代码就是一段正常的错误校验代码，当wait4函数被某种文档中禁止的方式调用时，wait4就返回一个错误代码。但是一个真正认真的程序猿立刻就会发现代码中的问题，注意看在第一行末尾，“= 0”应该是“== 0”才对。是的，“== 0”在这里才是判断当前运行代码的用户ID(current->uid)是否等于0，而“= 0”不但无法判断，反而修改了用户ID的值，即，将其值赋值为0。
猛地一看，好像这两行代码就是一段正常的错误校验代码，当wait4函数被某种文档中禁止的方式调用时，wait4就返回一个错误代码。但是一个真正认真的程序猿立刻就会发现代码中的问题，注意看在第一行末尾，“**= 0**”应该是“**== 0**”才对。是的，“== 0”在这里才是判断当前运行代码的用户ID(current->uid)是否等于0，而“= 0”不但无法判断，反而修改了用户ID的值，即，**将其值赋值为0**。
将用户ID设置为0，这是一个很严重的问题，因为ID为0的用户正是“root”，而root账户可以在系统中做任何事情，包括访问所有数据、修改任意代码的行为，能够危及到整个系统各个部分的安全。因此，这段代码的影响就是通过特殊手段使得任何调用wait4函数的软件都拥有了root权限。换句话说，这就是一个典型的后门。
客观地说，这一招很漂亮。看起来就像是无关紧要的错误校验，但真是身份却是一个后门。而且它混在其他经过审核的代码中间，几乎规避了所有审核可能会注意到自己的可能性。
客观地说，这一招很漂亮。看起来就像是无关紧要的错误校验，但真实身份却是一个后门。而且它混在其他经过审核的代码中间，几乎规避了所有审核可能会注意到自己的可能性。
但是它终究还是失败了，因为Linux小组有足够强的责任心，注意到了CVS仓库中的这段代码没有经过常规审核。Linux还是略胜一筹。
@ -32,14 +32,10 @@
via: https://freedom-to-tinker.com/blog/felten/the-linux-backdoor-attempt-of-2003/
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
译者：[Mr小眼儿][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
译者：[tinyeyeser](https://github.com/tinyeyeser) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
[Mr小眼儿]:http://linux.cn/space/14801
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
[1]:https://freedom-to-tinker.com/blog/kroll/software-transparency-debian-openssl-bug/
[2]:https://lwn.net/Articles/57135/

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Ubuntu 13.10: 绚丽的桌面指引
=========================
每版的Ubuntu都默认包含了桌面指引和帮助文档来帮助用户快捷地熟悉相关特性和功能。
基本上，**Ubuntu桌面指引** 都是通过用户点击下一步的方式将信息分类展现给用户的，同时也允许用户点击一键跳过的方式来快速领会指引信息。比如，在引导界面展示给用户的时候，用户可以发现一些可点击的链接（比如，“Ubuntu13.10有哪些新特性？”，“声音、视频和图像”，“文件、文件夹和搜索”），点击相应的链接时，引导界面就会出现你想看到的信息，这些信息中也会有其他的一些链接。
在Ubuntu 13.10“调皮的蝾螈”里，原有的Raring式的指引会被升级为新的Ubuntu桌面指引。
![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/Ubuntu%20Desktop%20Guide%2013.10%20updated.png)
桌面导航启动后，一些详细的信息会在如图所示界面中展示给用户，比如，“Ubuntu13.10有哪些新特性？”，可以让新手更好的了解强大的Ubuntu13.10系统。
---------
via: http://iloveubuntu.net/ubuntu-desktop-guide-updated-saucy-ubuntu-1310
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
译者：[Timeszoro](https://github.com/Timeszoro) 校对：[jasminepeng](https://github.com/jasminepeng)

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Ubuntu 13.10 之于 Ubuntu 13.04，给我一个升级的理由
==============================================
**Ubuntu 13.10(Saucy Salamander)** 将于10月17日发布，但是这个由Canonical开发的操作系统的用户就有疑问了，新的版本似乎并没有添加多少新的特性，有鉴于此，为什么他们要更新呢？
![img](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-13-10-vs-Ubuntu-13-04-Reasons-to-Upgrade-389846-2.jpg)
Canonical的主要精力花费在提升品质和改进已有的功能上，而不是巨大的变化。这就意味这最近的两个版本不会有很大的不同，至少在表面上看起来是这样的。
Ubuntu 13.04(Raring Ringtail)，相较而言，令人乏味，但是人们并没有意识到Ubuntu每一次发布的背后都意味着需要完成大量的工作，即使初看起来没有太大的变动。
那么，对于普通用户来说如果新的版本并没有显著的变更，为什么还要升级到 Ubuntu 13.10呢？事实上,初看起来似乎几乎没什么变化，然而许多东西已经升级改善，总会变得更好的(多数情况下是这样)。
当然，最重要的一点，这次的发布所带的新的linux内核3.11.x，是目前为止最新的稳定版本。新内核版本支持更多的设备和硬件组件，更好的电源管理性能，还有很多很多其他方面的改善。
另外，GNOME也升级了。Canonical支持Unity桌面环境，但是仍然使用许多GNOME的软件包。Ubuntu 13.10 (Saucy Salamander) 自带有来自3.8 分支的应用，这些应用都非常棒，对偏好Ubuntu GNOME的用户来说尤其如此。
相对于之前的Lens功能，Smart Scopes仍然有大的改善：更好的集成并且提供更多的定向解答。
安全性设置全面更新了，现在用户可以对系统产生的流量有更多的控制。用户可以停止自己的PC或者laptop和Canonical服务器之间的通信。
Ubuntu 13.10 也为新的软件包格式奠定了基础。迄今，所有Ubuntu应用都是以deb格式提供的。不过用户需要事先安装相关依赖项，或者用户选择自己单独安装。
而使用新的Click包类型，所有的依赖项都可以在包本身内部获得，这就意味着, 只要应用开发者使用的是ubuntu SDK, 用户就不会再碰到任何与当前使用版本不兼容的软件包。
最后，Unity进行了大量改进，理应比任何以前的ubuntu版本工作得更出色。
如果这些缘由仍然不足以说服你升级ubuntu，那就只有等待Ubuntu 14.04 LTS的发行了。不过不保证新的版本会看起来跟Ubuntu 13.10有多么大的不同。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
译者：[l3b2w1](https://github.com/l3b2w1) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)

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Ubuntu天气预报软件细微的改进了颜色表现力
=================================
正如最近几个月所见，Ubuntu Converged已经有了大量的软件，这些软件涵盖了底层的系统服务，新的Unity 8界面程序和Ubuntu开发人员专用的应用程序，另外还有一些正由能力较强的第三方开发者、Ubuntu开发者和Ubuntu设计者通力合作来联合生产的[核心的应用][1]程序。
最近几周，[天气预报软件][2]已经有了很多的优化和改进，这些使该软件日趋完美的努力是为了在不久的将来提供一个稳定版本的天气预报应用。
天气预报应用程序自身支持多城市和丰富的天气数据，这些天气数据(比如说摄氏度)的表达和预先的颜色设定有关；比如，20摄氏度就用桔红色表示，而比较低的温度则用灰绿色表示。
现在，天气预报应用已经更新到了一个小而有趣的版本，该版本不仅修复了一些bug，同时也为在视觉上生动地渲染色调方面带来了更多的暗颜色。
也就是说，较高的温度（比如20摄氏度）仍然是与以前一样的桔红色，但是其色彩活力降低了亮度，同时也添加了细微但明显的暗色调。
以更多冷色调为特点的天气颜色比以前更加赏心悦目了。
![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/ols%20vs%20new%20weather%20app.png)
![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/old%20vs%20new%202%20weather%20beijing.png)
那么我们如何安装天气预报软件3.0呢？
添加下面的官方PPA（Ubuntu 13.04，Ubuntu 13.10）就可以了。
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-sdk-team/ppa && sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-touch-coreapps-drivers/daily
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-sdk ubuntu-weather-app
---
via: http://iloveubuntu.net/weather-app-updated-subtle-color-refinements
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
译者：[Linchenguang](https://github.com/Linchenguang) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
[1]:https://launchpad.net/ubuntu-phone-coreapps
[2]:https://launchpad.net/ubuntu-weather-app

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iLinux：Linux平台最大的自定义图标收藏铺
==================================
**iLinux Icons可能是Linux平台上最大的图标收藏铺，它的创作灵感来源于Linux，Windows和Mac OS系统。**
![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news-700/iLinux-Is-the-Largest-Collection-of-Custom-Icons-on-the-Linux-Platform.png?1381503660)
在Linux平台可用的高品质图标甚少，即使有几百种不同的软件包。
iLinux Icons 的开发者从三个不同的平台：Ubuntu，Windows和Mac OS上设法收集和整理了那些类似的图标（在一些情况下甚至更好的）。
安装非常简单，可以用一个简单的PPA帮助。只需在终端中输入以下命令：
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/icons2
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ilinux-icons
为了应用这些图标你还需要Ubuntu Tweak或GNOME Tweak Tool。你还可以查看开发商的[官方网站][1]的更多信息。
---
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/iLinux-Is-the-Largest-Collection-of-Custom-Icons-on-the-Linux-Platform-390519.shtml
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[1]:http://haniahmed.deviantart.com/art/iLinux-icons-v-8-5-354470161

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A Look Back at the Linux Kernel Backdoor
================================================================================
With all of the recent concern over the US government’s National Security Agency (NSA) some of the attention has turn to the possibility of backdoors. For those of you unfamiliar with the term, a backdoor is an intentional vulnerability in an operating system or software that allows otherwise unauthorized users to gain access to the system. Back in 2003 someone attempted to insert a backdoor into the Linux kernel. Though caught, it illustrates how seemingly innocuous changes can introduce vulnerabilities and the importance of tractability in source control.
The code, first described by Corbet in an [LVN.Net article][1], was disguised to look like a parameter validation check in the [wait4][2] function.
if ((options == (__WCLONE|__WALL)) && (current->uid = 0))
retval = -EINVAL;
Normally it would have no effect, but if the calling program intentionally passed in invalid values the second part of the if expression would execute. This part would set the program’s user id (current->uid) to 0, which is the root user in Linux.
At first glance it looks like a simple typo. Developers often accidentally write ‘=’ when they mean to write ‘==’. But when you consider that the wait4 function shouldn’t have anything to do with the user id it becomes clear that this was intentional.
Corbet explains how this caught,
> Every change in the CVS repository includes backlink information tying it to the equivalent BitKeeper changesets. The changes in question lacked that information, and thus stood out immediately.
>
> An attempt to make a change in this way is suspicious, to say the least, so there was a lot of interest in what the attempted change was.
The attack used to insert the backdoor was again the CVS clone of the BitKeeper repository. He continues,
> The CVS repository is generated from BitKeeper, it is not a path for patches to get into the BitKeeper repositories. So the code in question could only affect users who were working from the CVS repository. Kernels used by distributors probably do not come from that repository, and, as this incident has shown, illicit code can only remain there for so long before being detected.
Imagine, if you will, if someone tried this attack in a code base without the controls and scrutiny that the Linux kernel team employed. How would you protect yourself if a seemingly innocent line of code could be inserted anywhere and effectively create a backdoor?
One option would be to create your own “kernel” inside the application. Only this code could can changes flags such as the user’s roles and permissions. All other code only gets a read-only view of the user permission object so that they cannot easily give the user root access.
Under this model, the code “current->uid = 0” simply wouldn’t compile. Instead one would have to either directly alter the application’s security module, which would be watched much more closely, or resort to tricks using reflection. And reflection code would of course be far more noticeable than a simple assignment.
If the language supports it, an even better option is to make the user’s permission set entirely immutable. This would further constrain the places where a successful attack may reside to just where the permission set is created.
These should be augmented with restrictions on the source control server. Rather than running them wide open, the ability to promote code into main branches should restricted to as few people as possible. And security sensitive code should be entirely locked down by default, with edit permissions only granted on a case by case basis. The exact way this be implemented depends on whether one is using distributed or centralized source control and the specific product.
Ultimately techniques such as this will fail if code changes are not audited before they reach production. These can only reduce the likelihood such an audit will miss something.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.infoq.com/news/2013/10/Linux-Backdoor
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[1]:https://lwn.net/Articles/57135/
[2]:http://linux.die.net/man/2/wait4

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A Pentesting Release for the Raspberry Pi
================================================================================
**The Raspberry Pi** is a credit-card-sized single-board computer developed in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with the intention of promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools. The Raspberry Pi is manufactured through licensed manufacturing deals with **Newark element14 (Premier Farnell), RS Components** and **Egoman**. All of these companies sell the Raspberry Pi online. Egoman produces a version for distribution solely in China and Taiwan, which can be distinguished from other Pis by their red coloring and lack of FCC/CE marks. The hardware is the same across all manufacturers. (wikipedia)
Pwnie Express team has announced the initial release of Raspberry Pwn which can be used to turn your raspberry pi into a full-featured security penetration testing and auditing platform. This release of Raspberry Pwn and includes all the tool needed to perform a penetration testing. So, doing penetration testing from your raspberry pi, how does that make you feel? Sqlmap, nmap, wireshark, scapy, nikto, xprobe, socat, do you want more tools for pentesting your network?
Raspberry Pwn comes with the following tools:
- nmap
- dsniff
- netcat
- nikto
- xprobe
- scapy
- wireshark
- tcpdump
- ettercap
- hping3
- medusa
- macchanger
- nbtscan
- john
- ptunnel
- p0f
- ngrep
- tcpflow
- openvpn
- iodine
- httptunnel
- cryptcat
- sipsak
- yersinia
- smbclient
- sslsniff
- tcptraceroute
- pbnj
- netdiscover
- netmask
- udptunnel
- dnstracer
- sslscan
- medusa
- ipcalc
- dnswalk
- socat
- onesixtyone
- tinyproxy
- dmitry
- fcrackzip
- ssldump
- fping
- ike-scan
- gpsd
- darkstat
- swaks
- arping
- tcpreplay
- sipcrack
- proxychains
- proxytunnel
- siege
- sqlmap
- wapiti
- skipfish
- w3af
Let us me give you a short description of the above tools. I am not gonna explain everything. Just want to explain a two or three tools. A simple Google search will help you to find the details of the remaining tools.
**Nmap**
Nmap is a free and open-source tool for network discovery, helping us to map the network. Network administrators find it very useful in their daily job, so if you are planning to be a network administrator you should learn how to use Nmap. Nmap can help us to discover how many hosts are in a network, what operating systems are they running, what open ports do they have and services running in these open ports. It is a command line tool but for those that do not like to remember many commands there is a graphical version of Nmap that is called Zenmap. Both Nmap and Zenmap are multi-platform (Linux, Windows, Mac OS, BSD, etc.), so you do not have to worry about the operating system you need in order to use these tools. Nmap has the ability to save scan results to files and we can use these files for later analyzes. The great thing that I like about Nmap is its scripting engine (NSE). We can write our own scripts and use them with Nmap. See more at: [http://www.unixmen.com/scan-your-home-network-with-nmap/][1]
**Netcat**
Netcat is a command-line networking tool which is able to read and write data across Transmission Control Protocol TCP and User Datagram Protocol. Originally coded for Unix, it was released in 1996 and has been ported to a number of operating systems and facts tell that it still stays strong in the game. It has been 17 years and netcat belongs in every network admin/security professional’s toolbox. People say “old is gold” and in my opinion this is true when it comes to netcat. Virtually, you can use netcat for everything and your imagination is the limit. Depending on what your intentions are you can use it for good or you can use it for bad. Netcat operates as a client and as a server. Even if there are few exceptions, netcat’s command options are the same for both Windows and Linux and this makes netcat a more powerful tool. In the next article you will be introduced to netcat command options and will learn how perform some basic operations with netcat. – See more at: [http://www.unixmen.com/short-introduction-to-netcat][2]
**Sqlmap**
If you need a tool to exploit sql injection flaws in your web application or taking over database servers, sqlmap is the right one. Sqlmap is a tool used by penetration testers all over the world and it is full of feaures. Some of its features are:
- Full support for MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Access, IBM DB2, SQLite, Firebird, Sybase and SAP MaxDB database management systems.
- Full support for six SQL injection techniques: boolean-based blind, time-based blind, error-based, UNION query, stacked queries and out-of-band.
- Support to directly connect to the database without passing via a SQL injection, by providing DBMS credentials, IP address, port and database name.
- Support to enumerate users, password hashes, privileges, roles, databases, tables and columns.
- Automatic recognition of password hash formats and support for cracking them using a dictionary-based attack.
- Support to dump database tables entirely, a range of entries or specific columns as per user’s choice. The user can also choose to dump only a range of characters from each column’s entry.
- Support to search for specific database names, specific tables across all databases or specific columns across all databases’ tables.
**Medusa**
Do you need a login brute-forcer? Medusa was developed on Gentoo Linux and FreeBSD for bruteforcing network services. Medusa works with FTP, HTTP, IMAP, MS-SQL, MySQL, NCP (NetWare), NNTP, PcAnywhere, POP3, PostgreSQL,rexec, rlogin, rsh, SMB, SMTP (AUTH/VRFY), SNMP, SSHv2, SVN and many other services. You can read more about Medusa here.
As you can see there are all tools you need for penetration testing in this release of Raspberry Pwn. Do you have a pi? Then go and turn it into a pentester machine.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.unixmen.com/pentesting-release-raspberry-pi/
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[1]:http://www.unixmen.com/scan-your-home-network-with-nmap/
[2]:http://www.unixmen.com/short-introduction-to-netcat/

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Calibre 1.6 released with handy mark-book feature
================================================================================
[Calibre][1] is a free open-source ebook library management tool, designed in mind with satisfying a diverse and complex range of ebook-related requirements and necessities, offering powerful conversion process, dedicated ebook reader, hassle-free library creation and management, online service integration, etc, basically, a modern ebook experience.
Calibre has been updated to version **1.6**, introducing an exciting **book-marking** feature, as well as numerous new fixes and enhancements.
The book-marking feature presents itself as a handy manner of **temporarily** (restarting Calibre, loses the marking) selecting books, functionality allowing the user to mark books and to act on the marked books 1-click away, feature proving itself handy in multiple situations.
The newly-implemented book-marking feature is disabled by default, yet, enabling it is as simple as navigating to `Preferences-->Toolbar-->The main toolbar-->`click on `Mark Books-->hit the left-pointed arrow-->Apply`, action that adds the `Mark Books` button on its toolbar.
**Marking**, for example, three books is to be achieved by manually selecting the books (holding the Ctrl key and clicking on the three preferred to-be-marked books) and directly clicking on the toolbar's Mark Books button, action that marks the books.
The **result**: the newly-marked three books gain a marking-specific icon, thus the user is able to clearly observe marked books.
![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/calibre%2016%20marking%20books.png)
After the books have been marked, the user can act on the marked books by `right-clicking on the toolbar's Mark Books-->Show marked books`, action that displays on Calibre's main view only the marked books, while hiding the non-marked regular books.
The book-marking functionality allows users to hassle-free isolate preferred books in a matter of seconds by simply clicking on the mentioned button, isolation process fully exposing to the user only certain books, while clearing the view from at-the-moment unwanted books.
Reselecting the marked books and clicking again on the `Mark Books` button, unmarks the books, button acting as a mark/unmark toggle.
Calibre comes by default with a handy ebook viewer, ebook viewer enriched in the 1.6 release with extra configurable keyboard shortcuts, meaning, the user is now able to select a different **keyboard shortcut** (for example) for zoom in/out when reading ebooks.
Adjusting a keyboard shortcut is to be preformed by opening E-book Viewer, clicking on the sidebar's Preferences and navigating to `Keyboard shortcuts`, where double-clicking on an entry, makes the entry fully editable.
![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/calibre%20font%20size%20shortcut.png)
The mentioned features, along with numerous bug fixes, new news sources (various Uruguyan news) and improved news sources (National Geographic Magazine, New York Review of Books, Focus, Carta Capital, Ming Pao, Neu Osnabrucker Zeitung), come to deliver a more strengthened solid Calibre.
How do we **install** Calibre 1.6?
Paste the following command into a terminal
sudo python -c "import sys; py3 = sys.version_info[0] > 2; u = __import__('urllib.request' if py3 else 'urllib', fromlist=1); exec(u.urlopen('http://status.calibre-ebook.com/linux_installer').read()); main()"
and hit the `Enter` key on the `Enter the installation directory for calibre [/opt]` (command that will appear in the terminal after pasting the above-presented command)
**For users** having Calibre installed via PPA, type in a terminal (**before** pasting the above command)
sudo apt-get remove calibre calibre-bin
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://iloveubuntu.net/calibre-16-released-handy-mark-book-feature
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[1]:http://calibre-ebook.com/
[2]:
[3]:
[4]:
[5]:
[6]:
[7]:
[8]:
[9]:
[10]:

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Daily Ubuntu Tips–Things To Do After Installing Ubuntu
================================================================================
Many users from Windows find themselves stuck when starting out with Ubuntu. It’s a completely different from Windows and getting confortable with it may not be the easiest thing at first. Ubuntu is way different from Windows. The commands, the layout of the file system and application names are all foreign to many. But heck, we’re here to help.
If you’re coming from Windows or Mac OS X and want to learn Ubuntu, you’re in the right place. We try to help new users get started with Ubuntu. Our slogan here is “**Tutorials for newbies**”, which is rightly so.
Most of our tutorials are not for pros. They are for people who are just starting out with Windows and Ubuntu. So, for all your Ubuntu needs, keep coming back.
Now, back to the topic. One of our readers asked us this question few days ago.
> What should you do first after installing Ubuntu?
Simple. When you first install Ubuntu, there are many things you may want to get started with. But the most important thing is to get it right. Don’t worry about the difficult things, those you’ll learn later.
Here are the first few things you’ll want do after installing Ubuntu. There might be more, but these are important.
- Update your system – The very first thing is to update your system. Updating allows you to install newer packages and install fixes for other programs. The commands below will show you how to properly update your system when using Ubuntu.
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade && sudo apt-get autoremove
- Another thing to do right after installing Ubuntu is to run the below command. This command helps you install codecs or packages that were left out of Ubuntu for legal reasons. Ubuntu comes without these important programs and they are very useful. Without them you may not be able to listen to music, watch movies and do other things. So, if you installed Ubuntu and can’t play some DVDs or listen to music CDs, then run the commands below.
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras
The commands above are not the only commands you’ll run in Ubuntu, but they are few of the first you should run after installing Ubuntu. I hope this helps.
Enjoy!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2013/10/daily-ubuntu-tipsthings-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu/
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Debian 7.2 "Wheezy" Officially Released
================================================================================
**The Debian project announced the immediate availability for download of the second maintenance release of the Debian 7 Linux operating system.**
![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Debian-7-2-quot-Wheezy-quot-Officially-Released-390694-3.png)
Debian 7.2 is just a maintenance update, but it does feature a wide array of updates and fixes for the current stable branch and a lot of packages have been upgraded.
“Please note that this update does not constitute a new version of Debian 7 but only updates some of the packages included. There is no need to throw away older wheezy CDs or DVDs but only to update via an up-to-date Debian mirror after an installation, to cause any out of date packages to be updated,” reads the official announcement.
This means that users who already have a Debian 7.0 or 7.1 installation won't have to reinstall the system all over again. They just need to perform a regular update, as only a small number of packages will be downloaded from security.debian.org.
Check out the complete changelog in the official [announcement][1].
**Debian GNU/Linux 7.1.0: Free Download**
- [Debian GNU/Linux 7.1.0 (ISO) 32-bit[iso]][2] [3.70 GB]
- [Debian GNU/Linux 7.1.0 (ISO) 64-bit[iso]][3] [3.80 GB]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Debian-7-2-quot-Wheezy-quot-Officially-Released-390694.shtml
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[1]:http://www.debian.org/News/2013/20131012
[2]:http://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/7.1.0/i386/iso-dvd/debian-7.1.0-i386-DVD-1.iso
[3]:http://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/7.1.0/amd64/iso-dvd/debian-7.1.0-amd64-DVD-1.iso

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GTK3-based Twitter App ‘Corebird’ In Development
================================================================================
Corebird is a Twitter app with an interface reminiscent of Twitter’s [official app](https://itunes.apple.com/gb/app/twitter/id409789998?mt=12%27) for OS X.
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Screen-Shot-2013-10-11-at-16.46.53.png)
Corebird – written by an Arch user – has a look and feature set with GNOME 3.10 in mind.
The interface uses GTK3, so it’ll feel right at home alongside your other GTK-based apps. Corebird makes full use of the new Header Bars that we highlighted in [our top features][2] from the latest GNOME 3.10 release. The header shows your Twitter handle, avatar, and a button to quickly compose a new tweet, consolidating what might’ve been a separate toolbar into a single, compact header.
Though the interface may be tuned for GNOME 3.10, the features packed into the app are bound to make friends amongst Twitter addicts using GNOME or otherwise.
## Features ##
Corebird resembles, in some ways, the official Twitter app for Mac (and that’s a good thing!) and has the feature set to show for it. Retweet, favourite, follow, search, profile view, conversations, media uploads, and a number of other features are all in working order.
If you manage several accounts, multi-account setups are also supported, though be aware that the latest builds remove configured accounts when you close and reopen the app.
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/corebird_notification.jpg)
*A Corebird notification on the GNOME lock screen.*
Corebird also makes use of notifications on the GNOME lockscreen, displaying the number of Twitter notifications when you make your way back to your computer.
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/corebird_dark.png)
The app comes with both light and dark themes, making it easier on your eyes when Twittering at night. A handful of other settings, including which notifications to display and a toggle for showing inline media, are also available in the compact settings dialog.
## How to Get Corebird ##
If you’re still using 13.04, you might be out of luck. Corebird uses new features from GNOME 3.10 that most likely won’t make their way to Ubuntu 13.04. If you’ve upgraded to 13.10 ahead of its release next week, GNOME 3.10 is already available for Saucy in the sundry GNOME 3 PPAs.
Corebird is still in development and a PPA hasn’t been made available (though it is currently in the [Arch User Repository][3] if any Arch users have wandered in), so you’ll need to build Corebird by hand.
The project is a promising sign given the number of other Linux Twitter apps that’ve seen their development slow down – e.g., Birdie which failed to reach its [crowdfunding goal][5] earlier this summer.
And if Corebird isn’t your cup of tea, check out [gFeedline][6]), another GTK3-based Twitter app.
More About Corebird:http://corebird.baedert.org/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/10/corebird-twitter-app-gtk3-gnome
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[1]:https://itunes.apple.com/gb/app/twitter/id409789998?mt=12%27
[2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/09/10-best-features-gnome-3-10
[3]:https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/corebird-git/
[4]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/07/linux-twitter-app-birdie-perches-on-crowdfunding-bandwagon
[5]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/07/is-gfeedline-twitter-app-for-linux-any-good

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How This 75 Year-Old Piece of Paper Started Modern Computing
=====
![img](http://rack.1.mshcdn.com/media/ZgkyMDEzLzEwLzEzL2VhL1hlcm94LjM4ODIwLmpwZwpwCXRodW1iCTk1MHg1MzQjCmUJanBn/2f9f894a/5ef/Xerox.jpg)
On Oct. 22, 1938, a patent attorney named Chester Carlson and an underemployed Austrian physicist named Otto Kornei spent one Saturday morning creating the world's first dry copy in an apartment in Astoria, Queens, eventually ushering in the modern era of computing. Then the two grabbed a modest lunch.
In the intervening 75 years, the copier industry would become a mainstay of Corporate America. Even in our current age of tablets and PDFs, businesses bought 19 million "multifunction printers" last year for a total of $30.9 billion, according to Gartner. You may not recall the last time that you made a copy, but IDC analyst Angèle Boyd says the world printed 3 trillion pieces of paper last year — 1 trillion of which came from the U.S. It's also not unusual for employees at some businesses to print as many as 300 to 400 copies a month. While printing remains a surprisingly robust business, though, the real revolution Carlson started went way beyond his analog invention.
The electrophotographic print Carlson made would prompt the invention of the copier, which made offices more productive and made the replicable document a fixture of business communication. As Ken Weilerstein, VP of research, imaging and print services at Gartner notes, most white collar workers' days consist of reading and creating documents of one form or another. The web was originally based on hypertext, a method of linking documents on a computer, that Tim Burners-Lee joined to the Internet in 1991.
"What the copier did is it changed the way people handled documents," he says, "which is a big piece of what people in offices do."
###The Rise of Xerox
Xerox is the best known copier company and the one still synonymous with the industry for many. Like Google, Xerox's name has been made into a lower-case verb as in "I need this xeroxed." In tech circles, Xerox is also infamous for developing the graphic user interface and the mouse in its Palo Alto Research Center in the 1970s. Steve Jobs would famously visit PARC and appropriate many of the ideas for what became the Macintosh computer. Relatedly, Carlson's invention was adapted to create the laser printer as well.
No one ever formed a company called Xerox, though. Instead, Carlson's invention would transform a company called Haloid that would eventually rename itself.
As the story goes, Carlson, a serial inventor and patent attorney, got tired of copying legal documents manually. He concluded that there must be a way to make copies without relying on carbon paper or the traditional, messy, slow and expensive photographic process of using wet, sensitized paper and water. Ray Brewer, Xerox's historical archives manager, says Carlson's solution — which involved zinc plates and powder — was simple and fairly easy to replicate.
(As Weilerstein, explains it, the process works like this: A page is exposed to a light source, which sweeps across the page, illuminating the original paper document. The reflection is projected through a set of lenses to an electrophotograhic drum, which is coated with light-sensitive material. The drum's exposure to light changes its electrostatic charge, leaving an image of the page on the drum as an electrostatic charge. The drum then rotates and the charged areas of the page attract the toner particles, effectively painting the image on the drum with toner. The drum then transfers the toner onto a sheet of paper, which is heated and pressed at a temperature similar to that of an iron. Finally, the drum rotates and excess toner is scraped off and the process is repeated for the next page.)
Perhaps it was too easy. Though Carlson was in a celebratory mood after his breakthrough, Kornei didn't see the appeal. When Kornei's contract ran out, he broke ties with Carlson. "He couldn't see what the purpose of it was," Brewer says. Kornei would remain a lifelong skeptic. **Later on, when Carlson gave Kornei 100 shares in Xerox, Kornei quickly sold them, missing out on a payday of more than $1 million.**
For years, Carlson peddled his invention to dozens of companies, including IBM and Eastman Kodak, but no one else saw the appeal, either. Brewer says the problem was that Carlson was a techie, not a salesman. "The way Chester was presenting the idea and demos were very dry and technical," Brewer says. It didn't help that Carlson was making his pitch to marketing executives. However even engineers were often befuddled by Carlson's presentations.
Carlson's big break came in 1946, when John Dessauer, chief of research at the Haloid Co. in Rochester, N.Y., read an article about Carlson's invention. Haloid, which made photographic paper, but by then "the photographic realm of things had pretty much run its course," Brewer says. In 1948, Haloid looked for a catchier way to promote Carlson's invention, which was known as "electrophotography." The company's pr department settled on "xerography," a portmanteau of the Greek "xeros" ("dry") and "graphos" ('writing.")
Over the course of the 1950s and 1960s, the Xerox copier became a staple of office life. The innovation saved time and money. Previously, the only way to make copies was to use a photostat machine, which was messy and expensive or worse, carbon paper, which could only make at best two copies at a time. If you wanted more than that then someone had to type out another version "and the secretary or administrator had to hope that everything was exactly the same," Brewer says. There were other benefits as well. Way before email and instant messaging, the office copier provided the first opportunity for office-wide communication in written form. The Xerox gave birth to the memo, the office newsletter and holiday cards.
The 914 was Xerox's most successful model. Between 1960 and the early 1970s, the company sold more than 200,000 units, prompting Fortune to dub it "the most-successful product ever marketed in America." Xerox became known as "the stock you wish you'd bought," Weilerstein says.
Here's an ad from circa 1960: http://www.youtube.com/embed/kNGdqC7QJYI
###The Modern Computing Era
This Mad Men era would come to a close in the 1980s as PCs began replacing typewriters. Carlson's invention would also be used to create the laser printer, which obviated single-function copiers. As a result, no one in the industry calls Xerox's machines copiers anymore. Instead, they are known as "multifunction printers."
That wasn't the only threat to Xerox's business. By the 1970s, Japanese competitors were offering their own cheaper version of Xerox's copiers. Xerox lost its effective monopoly, but managed to stay on the cutting edge of technology, Weilerstein says, by developing its own laser printer business. Then in 1990, Xerox introduced Docutech, a technology that let you turn a printer effectively into a printing press. Xerox scored another coup in 2000 with iGen, a color laser printer that could spit out 100 pages a minute. "By the mid-2000s, they didn't have anything exclusive at all," Weilerstein says, "and they began suffering economically."
Xerox wasn't hit as hard as its Rochester neighbor, Eastman Kodak, which is now a [shadow of its former self][1].
Partially that's because — unlike film — printing paper documents remains a lucrative business. There are sectors of the economy — including the federal government — where employees still print a few thousand pages a month. Weilerstein acknowledges that the use of print will continue to decline over time. "It's probably a generational factor," he says. However "it isn't really disappearing."
Bolstered by the continued need for multifunction printers, Xerox has the opportunity to reinvent itself as a provider of primarily digital documents and services. The company laid the groundwork for such a move by embracing the managed print services business in the last decade. MPS essentially outsources the printing aspect of the office and gives IT departments one less task to monitor.
However, since paper printing is on a long-term downward trend, Xerox is trying to anticipate where the market will go next. "Now the question is what will they do after this," says Weilerstein. "They will take this idea of a service that manages your printers and turn that into a service that handles how you handle docs in digital form."
" I think there's a great desire among IT [departments] to get rid of paper," says the IDC's Boyd. "A lot of people, including Xerox, are actively trying to help them."
Weilerstein's view is that since all communication is basically documents, Xerox has a chance to become a leader in "managed content services." Such services would help organizations cut down on the use of print. Though paper is still a useful communications medium, many printed pages are symptoms of problems involving poor interconnection between the different sources of information where workers obtain information and the different destinations to which they must apply it," Weilerstein wrote in a recent white paper on the subject.
MCS would address the advertising orders that a broadcast network still receives by fax or provide a means to let a chemical manufacturer's employees scan their handwritten notes into a searchable digital archive.
![img](http://rack.3.mshcdn.com/media/ZgkyMDEzLzEwLzExLzUwL0NoZXN0ZXJDYXJsLjAyZTI2LmpwZwpwCXRodW1iCTEyMDB4OTYwMD4/a1da164c/352/Chester-Carlson.jpg)
Carlson's Legacy
In promoting a largely paperless future, Xerox would not only transition its business but help cut down on needless waste. However, the company has lots of competition on the document front, most notably from Adobe, the inventor of the Portable Document Format (PDF).
Adobe, whose legacy is in desktop printing rather than hardware, appears to have a natural advantage over Xerox. Apple aside, it's rare that a company associated with the invention of an old technology manages to also become a leader in the technology that replaces it.
Yet even if Xerox ultimately fails, Carlson's contribution to tech history is assured, if a bit obscure to most. A serial inventor, Carlson didn't have much to show for his other ideas — including a raincoat with gutters and a shoe-cleaning machine — but his one great invention is a testament to how the market rewards perseverance and vision. His death was an illustration of how little we sometimes know of the inner life of public figures.
Almost exactly 30 years after Carlson and Kornei slaved over their invention in that Astoria apartment, Carlson took a trip back to New York from his Rochester home for a business meeting. Finding he had some down time, he ducked into a movie theater to catch He Who Rides a Tiger featuring Tom Bell and Judi Dench. After the movie, an usher saw Carlson, who appeared to be dozing in his seat. He hadn't. Carlson succumbed to a heart attack — his second that year.
He died with an estimated fortune of $150 million, making him one of the wealthiest men in the country in 1968. That estimate was wrong, though. Carlson had actually given away much of his wealth by then. As he told his wife, Carlson had a curious ambition for a business titan. He wanted to "die a poor man."
Images: Xerox
---
via: http://mashable.com/2013/10/13/xerox-history-of-copying/
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
[1]:http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2013/09/03/kodak-bankruptcy-ends/2759965/

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翻译中
How to Test Your Internet Speed with a Terminal Command
================================================================================
![](http://img.gawkerassets.com/img/190w8luc8u8jjjpg/original.jpg)
You probably know about the internet [speed tests][1] that can be performed from your browser. However, Make Tech Easier shows us that you can do the same thing right from a terminal window—perfect for your Raspberry Pi or home server.
Just open a terminal and run the following command:
wget -O /dev/null http://speedtest.wdc01.softlayer.com/downloads/test10.zip
The test basically downloads a 10MB file using the [wget][2] command to pull a file from a remote server. The speed is displayed in the terminal when the file download has completed, so you know how fast your connection is running.
Any Linux PC can perform the wget command out of the box. [Windows][3] and [Mac][4] users will need to download the program, but it still functions more or less the same. Hit the link to read more.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://lifehacker.com/how-to-test-your-internet-speed-with-a-terminal-command-1364123567
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
[1]:http://www.speedtest.net/
[2]:http://lifehacker.com/161202/geek-to-live--mastering-wget
[3]:http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/wget.htm
[4]:https://www.macupdate.com/app/mac/33951/wget

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Install Rhythmbox 3.0 In Ubuntu 13.10 Or 13.04
================================================================================
Rhythmbox 3.0 was released more than a month ago, bringing an improved user interface, Python 3 support for the plugins and more. Unfortunately, the new version didn't make it into Ubuntu 13.10, but there's a PPA you can use to install it (also available for Ubuntu 13.04).
![](http://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/1113424/img/rhythmbox-3.0.png)
Changes in Rhythmox 3.0:
- the plugins now use Python 3;
- new task progress display below the track list (used for various things including track transfers and import jobs);
- support for composer tags;
- restyled playback controls;
- restyled source list using symbolic icons;
- better introspection of everything;
- separate CBR and VBR encoding styles with different sets of exposed properties;
- playlist settings (browser visibility etc.) saved in playlists.xml;
- better use of RTL icons where appropriate;
- fixed IM status and ReplayGain plugins;
- many other bug fixes.
A complete Rhythmbox 3.0 changelog can be found [HERE][1].
## Install Rhythmbox 3.0 in Ubuntu 13.10 or 13.04 ##
![](http://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/1113424/img/rhythmbox-3.0_2.png)
*Rhythmbox 3.0 in Ubuntu 13.10 (Unity)*
Because Rhythmbox 3.0 uses Python3 for plugins instead of Python 2, **none of the plugins available in the Rhythmbox [third-party plugins PPA][2] will work**. You can get some of them to work by installing them manually (including the Equalizer plugin and the cool **[CoverArt browser][3]**) - for more info, see **[THIS][4]** article.
Rhythmbox 3.0 is available in an unofficial PPA maintained by Jacob Zimmermann, for Ubuntu 13.10 and 13.04 (and derivatives). **Add the PPA and install/upgrade Rhythmbox 3.0 using the following commands**:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jacob/media
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install rhythmbox
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[1]:http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/GNOME/sources/rhythmbox/3.0/rhythmbox-3.0.news
[2]:http://www.webupd8.org/2012/08/rhythmbox-third-party-plugins-ubuntu-ppa.html
[3]:http://www.webupd8.org/2013/08/rhythmbox-coverart-browser-plugin-gets.html
[4]:http://xpressubuntu.wordpress.com/2013/10/06/how-to-install-rhythmbox-3-0-in-saucy/

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Installing a Desktop Algorithmic Trading Research Environment using Ubuntu Linux and Python
================================================================================
In this article I want to discuss how to set up a robust, efficient and interactive development environment for algorithmic trading strategy research making use of Ubuntu Desktop Linux and the Python programming language. We will utilise this environment for nearly all subsequent algorithmic trading articles.
To create the research environment we will install the following software tools, all of which are open-source and free to download:
- [Oracle VirtualBox][1] - For virtualisation of the operating system
- [Ubuntu Desktop Linux][2] - As our virtual operating system
- [Python][3] - The core programming environment
- [NumPy][4]/[SciPy][5] - For fast, efficient array/matrix calculation
- [IPython][6] - For visual interactive development with Python
- [matplotlib][7] - For graphical visualisation of data
- [pandas][8] - For data "wrangling" and time series analysis
- [scikit-learn][9] - For machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms
These tools (coupled with a suitable [securities master database][10]) will allow us to create a rapid interactive strategy research environment. Pandas is designed for "data wrangling" and can import and cleanse time series data very efficiently. NumPy/SciPy running underneath keeps the system extremely well optimised. IPython/matplotlib (and the qtconsole described below) allow interactive visualisation of results and rapid iteration. scikit-learn allows us to apply machine learning techniques to our strategies to further enhance performance.
Note that I've written the tutorial so that Windows or Mac OSX users who are unwilling or unable to install Ubuntu Linux directly can still follow along by using VirtualBox. VirtualBox allows us to create a "Virtual Machine" inside the host system that can emulate a guest operating system without affecting the host in any way. This allows experimentation with Ubuntu and the Python tools before committing to a full installation. For those who already have Ubuntu Desktop installed, you can skip to the section on "Installing the Python Research Environment Packages on Ubuntu".
## Installing VirtualBox and Ubuntu Linux ##
This section of the tutorial regarding VirtualBox installation has been written for a Mac OSX system, but will easily translate to a Windows host environment. Once VirtualBox has been installed the procedure will be the same for any underlying host operating system.
Before we begin installing the software we need to go ahead and download both Ubuntu and VirtualBox.
**Downloading the Ubuntu Desktop disk image**
Open up your favourite web browser and navigate to the [Ubuntu Desktop][11] homepage then select Ubuntu 13.04:
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/quantstart/media/images/qs-python-ubuntu-install-0004.png)
*Download Ubuntu 13.04 (64-bit if appropriate)*
You will be asked to contribute a donation although this is optional. Once you have reached the download page make sure to select Ubuntu 13.04. You'll need to choose whether you want the 32-bit or 64-bit version. It is likely you'll have a 64-bit system, but if you're in doubt, then choose 32-bit. On a Mac OSX system the Ubuntu Desktop ISO disk image will be stored in your Downloads directory. We will make use of it later once we have installed VirtualBox.
**Downloading and Installing VirtualBox**
Now that we've downloaded Ubuntu we need to go and obtain the latest version of Oracle's VirtualBox software. Click [here][12] to visit the website and select the version for your particular host (for the purposes of this tutorial we need Mac OSX):
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/quantstart/media/images/qs-python-ubuntu-install-0002.png)
*Oracle VirtualBox download page*
Once the file has been downloaded we need to run it and click on the package icon (this will vary somewhat in Windows but will be a similar process):
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/quantstart/media/images/qs-python-ubuntu-install-0007.png)
*Double-click the package icon to install VirtualBox*
Once the package has opened, we follow the installation instructions, keeping the defaults as they are (unless you feel the need to change them!). Now that VirtualBox has been installed we can open it from the Applications folder (which can be found with Finder). It puts VirtualBox on the icon dock while running, so you may wish to keep it there permanently if you want to examine Ubuntu Linux more closely in the future before committing to a full install:
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/quantstart/media/images/qs-python-ubuntu-install-0008.png)
*VirtualBox with no disk images yet*
We are now going to create a new 'virtual box' (i.e. virtualised operating system) by clicking on the New icon, which looks like a cog. I've called mine "Ubuntu Desktop 13.04 Algorithmic Trading" (so you may wish to use something similarly descriptive!):
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/quantstart/media/images/qs-python-ubuntu-install-0009.png)
*Naming our new virtual environment*
Choose the amount of RAM you wish to allocate to the virtual system. I've kept it at 512Mb since this is only a "test" system. A 'real' backtesting engine would likely use a native installation (and thus allocate significantly more memory) for efficiency reasons:
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/quantstart/media/images/qs-python-ubuntu-install-0010.png)
*Choose the amount of RAM for the virtual disk*
Create a virtual hard drive and use the recommended 8Gb, with a VirtualBox Disk Image, dynamically allocated, with the same name as the VirtualBox Image above:
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/quantstart/media/images/qs-python-ubuntu-install-0011.png)
*Choosing the type of hard disk used by the image*
You will now see a complete system with listed details:
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/quantstart/media/images/qs-python-ubuntu-install-0012.png)
*The virtual image has been created*
We now need to tell VirtualBox to include a virtual 'CD drive' for the new disk image so that we can pretend to boot our new Ubuntu disk image from this CD drive. Head to the Settings section, click on the "Storage" tab and add a Disk. You will need to navigate to the Ubuntu Disk image ISO file stored in your Downloads directly (or wherever you downloaded Ubuntu to). Select it and then save the settings:
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/quantstart/media/images/qs-python-ubuntu-install-0014.png)
*Choosing the Ubuntu Desktop ISO on first boot*
Now we are ready to boot up our Ubuntu image and get it installed. Click on "Start" and then on "OK" when you see the message about Host Capture of the Mouse/Keyboard. Note that on my Mac OSX, the host capture key is the Left Cmd key (i.e. Left Apple key). You will now be presented with the Ubuntu Desktop installation screen. Click on "Install Ubuntu":
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/quantstart/media/images/qs-python-ubuntu-install-0015.png)
*Click on Install Ubuntu to get started*
Make sure to tick both boxes to install the proprietary MP3 and Wi-Fi drivers:
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/quantstart/media/images/qs-python-ubuntu-install-0016.png)
*Install the proprietary drivers for MP3 and Wi-Fi*
You will now see a screen asking how you would like to store the data created for the operating system. Don't panic about the "Erase Disk and Install Ubuntu" option. It does NOT mean that it will erase your normal hard disk! It actually refers to the virtual disk it is using to run Ubuntu in, which is safe to erase (there isn't anything on there anyway, as we've just created it). Carry on with the install and you will be presented with a screen asking for your location and subsequently, your keyboard layout:
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/quantstart/media/images/qs-python-ubuntu-install-0017.png)
*Select your geographical location*
Enter in your user credentials, making sure to remember your password as you'll need it later on for installing packages:
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/quantstart/media/images/qs-python-ubuntu-install-0018.png)
*Enter your username and password (this password is the administrator password)*
Ubuntu will now install the files. It should be relatively quick as it is just copying from the hard disk to the hard disk! Eventually it will complete and the VirtualBox will restart. If it doesn't restart on its own, you can go to the menu and force a Shutdown. You will be brought back to the Ubuntu Login Screen:
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/quantstart/media/images/qs-python-ubuntu-install-0019.png)
*The Ubuntu Desktop login screen*
Login with your username and password from above and you will see your shiny new Ubuntu desktop:
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/quantstart/media/images/qs-python-ubuntu-install-0020.png)
*The Unity interface to the Ubuntu Desktop after logging in*
The last thing to do is click on the Firefox icon to test that the internet/networking functionality is correct by visiting a website (I picked QuantStart.com, funnily enough!):
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/quantstart/media/images/qs-python-ubuntu-install-0021.png)
The Ubuntu Desktop login screen
Now that the Ubuntu Desktop is installed we can begin installing the algorithmic trading research environment packages.
## Installing the Python Research Environment Packages on Ubuntu ##
Click on the search button at the top-left of the screen and type "Terminal" into the box to bring up the command-line interface. Double-click the terminal icon to launch the Terminal:
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/quantstart/media/images/qs-python-ubuntu-install-0022.png)
*The Ubuntu Desktop login screen*
All subsequent commands will need to be typed into this terminal.
The first thing to do on any brand new Ubuntu Linux system is to update and upgrade the packages. The former tells Ubuntu about new packages that are available, while the latter actually performs the process of replacing older packages with newer versions. Run the following commands (you will be prompted for your passwords):
sudo apt-get -y update
sudo apt-get -y upgrade
*Note that the -y prefix tells Ubuntu that you want to accept 'yes' to all yes/no questions. "sudo" is a Ubuntu/Debian Linux command that allows other commands to be executed with administrator privileges. Since we are installing our packages sitewide, we need 'root access' to the machine and thus must make use of 'sudo'.*
You may get an error message here:
E: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (11: Resource temporarily unavailable)
To remedy it just run "sudo apt-get -y update" again or take a look at this site for additional commands to run in case the first does not work ([http://penreturns.rc.my/2012/02/could-not-get-lock-varlibaptlistslock.html][13]).
Once both of those updating commands have been successfully executed we now need to install Python, NumPy/SciPy, matplotlib, pandas, scikit-learn and IPython. We will start by installing the Python development packages and compilers needed to compile all of the software:
sudo apt-get install python-pip python-dev python2.7-dev build-essential liblapack-dev libblas-dev
Once the necessary packages are installed we can go ahead and install NumPy via pip, the Python package manager. Pip will download a zip file of the package and then compile it from the source code for us. Bear in mind that it will take some time to compile, probably 10-20 minutes!
sudo pip install numpy
Once NumPy has been installed we need to check that it works before proceeding. If you look in the terminal you'll see your username followed by your computer name. In my case it is `mhallsmoore@algobox`, which is followed by the prompt. At the prompt type `python` and then try importing NumPy. We will test that it works by calculating the mean average of a list:
mhallsmoore@algobox:~$ python
Python 2.7.4 (default, Sep 26 2013, 03:20:26)
[GCC 4.7.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import numpy
>>> from numpy import mean
>>> mean([1,2,3])
2.0
>>> exit()
Now that NumPy has been successfully installed we want to install the Python Scientific library known as SciPy. However it has a few package dependencies of its own including the ATLAS library and the GNU Fortran compiler:
sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev gfortran
We are ready to install SciPy now, with pip. This will take quite a long time (approx 20 minutes, depending upon your computer) so it might be worth going and grabbing a coffee:
sudo pip install scipy
Phew! SciPy has now been installed. Let's test it out by calculating the standard deviation of a list of integers:
mhallsmoore@algobox:~$ python
Python 2.7.4 (default, Sep 26 2013, 03:20:26)
[GCC 4.7.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import scipy
>>> from scipy import std
>>> std([1,2,3])
0.81649658092772603
>>> exit()
Next we need to install the dependency packages for matplotlib, the Python graphing library. Since matplotlib is a Python package, we cannot use pip to install the underlying libraries for working with PNGs, JPEGs and freetype fonts, so we need Ubuntu to install them for us:
sudo apt-get install libpng-dev libjpeg8-dev libfreetype6-dev
Now we can install matplotlib:
sudo pip install matplotlib
We're now going to install the data analysis and machine learning libraries pandas and scikit-learn. We don't need any additional dependencies at this stage as they're covered by NumPy and SciPy:
sudo pip install -U scikit-learn
sudo pip install pandas
We should test scikit-learn:
mhallsmoore@algobox:~$ python
Python 2.7.4 (default, Sep 26 2013, 03:20:26)
[GCC 4.7.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from sklearn load datasets
>>> iris = datasets.load_iris()
>>> iris
..
..
'petal width (cm)']}
>>>
In addition, we should also test pandas:
>>> from pandas import DataFrame
>>> pd = DataFrame()
>>> pd
Empty DataFrame
Columns: []
Index: []
>>> exit()
Finally, we want to instal IPython. This is an interactive Python interpreter that provides a significantly more streamlined workflow compared to using the standard Python console. In later tutorials I will outline the full usefulness of IPython for algorithmic trading development:
sudo pip install ipython
While IPython is sufficiently useful on its own, it can be made even more powerful by including the qtconsole, which provides the ability to inline matplotlib visualisations. However, it takes a little bit more work to get this up and running.
First, we need to install the the [Qt library][14]. For this you may need to update your packages again (I did!):
sudo apt-get update
Now we can install Qt:
sudo apt-get install libqt4-core libqt4-gui libqt4-dev
The qtconsole has a few additional packages, namely the ZMQ and Pygments libraries:
sudo apt-get install libzmq-dev
sudo pip install pyzmq
sudo pip install pygments
Finally we are ready to launch IPython with the qtconsole:
ipython qtconsole --pylab=inline
Then we can make a (rather simple!) plot by typing the following commands (I've included the IPython numbered input/outut which you do not need to type):
In [1]: x=np.array([1,2,3])
In [2]: plot(x)
Out[2]: [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x392a1d0>]
This produces the following inline chart:
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/quantstart/media/images/qs-python-ubuntu-install-0023.png)
*IPython with qtconsole displaying an inline chart*
That's it for the installation procedure. We now have an extremely robust, efficient and interactive algorithmic trading research environment at our fingertips. In subsequent articles I will be detailing how IPython, matplotlib, pandas and scikit-learn can be combined to successfully research and backtest quantitative trading strategies in a straightforward manner.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://quantstart.com/articles/Installing-a-Desktop-Algorithmic-Trading-Research-Environment-using-Ubuntu-Linux-and-Python
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
[1]:https://www.virtualbox.org/
[2]:http://www.ubuntu.com/desktop
[3]:http://python.org/
[4]:http://www.numpy.org/
[5]:http://www.scipy.org/
[6]:http://ipython.org/
[7]:http://matplotlib.org/
[8]:http://pandas.pydata.org/
[9]:http://scikit-learn.org/
[10]:http://quantstart.com/articles/Securities-Master-Database-with-MySQL-and-Python
[11]:http://www.ubuntu.com/desktop
[12]:https://www.virtualbox.org/
[13]:http://penreturns.rc.my/2012/02/could-not-get-lock-varlibaptlistslock.html
[14]:http://qt-project.org/downloads

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Linux Terminal: Seeing the unseen characters with cat!
================================================================================
Sometimes a program or software don’t start for a syntax error, and if you check the files there is nothing wrong..apparently.
There are a lot of characters that usually are not printed if you use a normal text editor, but you can easily check if they are present with your terminal and the command cat.
As first thing let’s create a simple text file with these special characters, open a terminal and run the command:
printf 'testing\012\011\011testing\014\010\012more testing\012\011\000\013\000even more testing\012\011\011\011\012' > /tmp/testing.txt
Now if you open the file with an editor you’ll have different results.
A simple cat will show:
$ cat /tmp/testing.txt
testing
testing
more testing
even more testing
While if you open it with nano or vim you’ll see :
testing
testing^L^H
more testing
^@^K^@even more testing
Now we can see some options of cat to print special characters.
1) Use cat -T to display TAB characters as ^I
cat -T /tmp/testing.txt
testing
^I^Itesting
more testing
^I
even more testing
^I^I^I
2) Use cat -E to display $ at end of each line
$ cat -E /tmp/testing.txt
testing$
testing
$
more testing$
even more testing$
$
3) Use a simple cat -A to show up all the invisible characters:
$ cat -A /tmp/testing.txt
testing$
^I^Itesting^L^H$
more testing$
^I^@^K^@even more testing$
^I^I^I$
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://linuxaria.com/pills/linux-terminal-seeing-the-unseen-characters-with-cat?lang=en#more-7645
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:
[2]:
[3]:
[4]:
[5]:
[6]:
[7]:
[8]:
[9]:
[10]:

63
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小眼儿占坑！
Linux only needs one 'killer' game to explode, says Battlefield director
========================================================================
![img](http://cdn2.sbnation.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/20983497/construction_web.0_cinema_720.0.jpg)
It would only take one "killer" game for the Linux platform to explode its way into mainstream gaming, DICE creative director Lars Gustavsson told Polygon, revealing that the development studio would "strongly" like to get into Linux.
"We strongly want to get into Linux for a reason," Gustavsson said. "It took Halo for the first Xbox to kick off and go crazy — usually, it takes one killer app or game and then people are more than willing [to adopt it] — it is not hard to get your hands on Linux, for example, it only takes one game that motivates you to go there."
"I think, even then, customers are getting more and more convenient, so you really need to convince them how can they marry it into their daily lives and make an integral part of their lives," he explained, sharing that the studio has used Linux servers because it was a "superior operating system to do so."
![img](http://cdn3.sbnation.com/assets/3368657/detailed_web_0.jpg)
Valve's recently announced Steam OS and Steam Machines are healthy for the console market, Gustavsson said when asked for his opinion on Valve's recent announcements. He believes the products will open up the market to explore new, and perhaps better, ways of consuming games.
"Basically for different ways of accessing customers and giving them possibilities of play, I think it is super exciting," he said. "The only thing I know is that from five or ten years from now gaming and especially how you consume it won't look like it does today. I do think with streaming services and new input devices and so on, it wouldn't surprise me if there is less need of hardware and more on demand gaming experience."
> WELL, WILL AAA TITLES SURVIVE? ARE THEY MAMMOTHS THAT DON'T KNOW THAT THEY ARE DEAD YET?
"I think, hopefully, competition usually means a better experience for the customer. Sometimes. You know, was the VHS tape better than BetaMax? VHS won," he continued. "So it does not always go in the right direction but overall I think it is healthy with competition. It is truly welcomed, so that we can have better games in the future."
The director believes that with its recent rise and success, indie game development is in a better position to cater for the Linux video game market despite its limited audience.
"With indie, for a long time, it seemed that it was only AAA title that will survive and then the explosion came with mobile and indie games," he said. "So I'm really happy to see that has swung back to where people say 'Well, will AAA titles survive? Are they mammoths that don't know that they are dead yet?'
"So, to me, I think that the possibilities are many and I think indies can build for Linux even though we don't have enormous audience," he said.
![img](http://cdn2.sbnation.com/assets/3368681/BF4_Levolution_Siege_of_Shanghai_web_0.jpg)
With the impending launch of [Battlefield 4][1], DICE has spoken a lot about how it intends to smooth out the difficult learning curve and high point of entry seen in [Battlefield 3][2], Gustavsson said it hasn't forgotten about the hardcore gamers, rather the opposite: DICE has to continually rein itself in from going "too hardcore" when developing a Battlefield title.
"To be honest, our problem isn't to not think about the hardcore, rather, there are so many people like me doing Battlefield since '99 or at least 2000 that everyday we need to stop ourselves from going too hardcore, we really have to hold ourselves back," he explained when asked how DICE doesn't lose sight developing for experienced players when chiselling out the new features. "That is the natural gear that we have: the hardcore side. Then we need to remind ourselves that we need to make it for everyone."
While they have set out to make Battlefield 4 [more accessible][3] for newcomers, DICE also made it better for the veterans, hinting that perhaps some aspects the shooter is even too nuanced for the diehards. For example, Gustavsson mentioned the [new battle test range][4] that players of all skill levels can take advantage of.
> EVERYDAY WE NEED TO STOP OURSELVES FROM GOING TOO HARDCORE, WE REALLY HAVE TO HOLD OURSELVES BACK.
"Even though people have been playing Battlefield from the start, they choose not to fly because they don't feel safe," he said. "So it is not about losing sight of the hardcore. If you look at hardcore forums, there are so many times that you see 'I don't how this weapon works or this gadget' and then everyone tells each other. It is beautiful. It is just beautiful. But sometimes you feel that a game should be self explaining, it doesn't have to be more stupid."
A comparison tool for weapons and attachments has been introduced to help with the above example. "As, even I, who has made the game, had a hard time knowing which attachment did what for what weapon," Gustavsson said.
To cater for experienced Battlefield fans the game features an overhauled control system, reworked network code to remove latency and upped the number of players, to name a few. Battlefield 4 also introduces the hardcore [perma-death mode Diffuse][5] and a [Field Upgrade system][6] to [encourage][7] players to play together, along with the long-time community-demanded Spectator mode.
"Which, to be honest, I have been ashamed to going to shows and admitting once again that we don't have spectator mode," he said. "That's why I'm a bit taller and prouder this time around now that we do have it. With the next-generation of consoles, like sharing and broadcasting features, I'm really looking forward to seeing what the community comes up with."
---
via: http://www.polygon.com/2013/10/12/4826190/linux-only-needs-one-killer-game-to-explode-says-battlefield-director
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[1]:http://www.polygon.com/game/battlefield-4/10364
[2]:http://www.polygon.com/game/battlefield-3/1762
[3]:http://www.polygon.com/2013/10/3/4798128/we-should-be-slapped-for-battlefield-3s-unlocks-says-dice-creative
[4]:http://www.polygon.com/2013/9/4/4694158/battlefield-4-vehicle-test-range-server-options
[5]:http://www.polygon.com/2013/9/26/4775632/battlefield-4s-multiplayer-modes-player-counts-detailed-by-dice
[6]:http://www.polygon.com/2013/8/16/4627536/battlefield-4-kit-customization-field-upgrade-system-detailed
[7]:http://www.polygon.com/2013/8/9/4607030/battlefield-4-will-encourage-but-never-force-team-play

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Manage Passwords Securely in Ubuntu with KeePassX
================================================================================
**With security issues becoming more and more important, the emphasis on secure passwords (as well as other methods like multiple step authentication) has never been greater.**
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/security-key.jpg)
With that in mind I recently tried out several secure password managers to try and find something secure, but also easy to use and cross-platform.
First, I went to [LastPass][1]. It’s probably the most known tool for managing your passwords, and since it’s based on the web, it’s the most **cross platform** of them all. However, I found the interface lacking, and the number of tools and options on offer was overwhelming.
Next, I tried [KeePass 2][2]. While this is a perfectly capable app, very similar to the tool I’m going to talk about in a minute, it doesn’t provide official Linux packages, and the community ports, while serviceable, aren’t the nicest looking apps out there. So I tried other apps.
My favourite of all those I tested was **KeePassX**. It started out as a Linux port of KeePass, but eventually evolved as its own app. It bests KeePass 2 with a nicer, more native looking interface.
## Using KeePassX in Ubuntu ##
Conveniently, KeePassX already has packages in Ubuntu available for installation.
Install keepassx from the command line or **install it from the Software Centre**:
- [Install KeePassX from the Ubuntu Software Centre][3]
When you open it, you’ll see a blank window. Use the first button on the toolbar to create a new database. You can either protect it by using key files, or a password. You probably want a password which is quite easy to remember and type — you’ll be typing it in a lot, but on the other hand you don’t want anyone else accessing your database.
Next, you need to save it somewhere. I saved mine in my Dropbox, so I can access it from multiple locations. Dropbox uses two factor authentication, so if anyone wants to get into my Dropbox to access this database, they’ll also need to have my phone, which makes the process secure enough.
Alternatively, you can use other services like Google Drive and Skydrive which both use standard [Authenticator][4] apps, or Box which uses SMS for two factor authentication.
Of course, if you’re **really** worried about your passwords, you probably won’t want to save it where other parties can theoretically access it.
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Screenshot-from-2013-10-11-190130.png)
*The main screen of KeePassX in Ubuntu*
Using the app is actually pretty straightforward. You can add groups, and into those groups you can add keys. KeePassX includes a handy password generator whenever you need to input a password. I tend to generate my passwords with all the basic characters and special characters selected as well, at 20 characters long, but that of course depends on what the website accepts.
It’s important to note that some websites don’t always tell you how long a password they’ll accept, and opt to just put a limit on the input box. If your pasted in password doesn’t quite look long enough, it probably isn’t. It’s happened to me a few times.
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Screenshot-from-2013-10-11-190025.png)
*KeePassX password generator*
n my everyday usage of KeePassX, I’ve noticed a few things that should make using it a bit easier:
**Copy & Paste Paranoia**
You might be worried about the notion of copying and pasting passwords. It sure is more efficient than typing them out manually. By default, KeePassX clears the clipboard about a minute, but you can shrink this in the settings. You don’t need to be worried about someone else pasting the password and viewing it on your computer. You can also use a feature called AutoType, which types your password automatically, but this is a bit useless since for some reason it puts the password together with the username in the same field.
**Database Dilemma**
If you save the database in the cloud, don’t set the password to the cloud service to something completely random. It’s no good having the password to it saved inside the cloud if you can’t access the cloud. It might seem obvious, but it’s not something I originally realised.
**SECURE ALL THE PASSWORDS**
Whipping out your phone constantly while at work or school to access your most commonly used accounts can be a pain, so keep that in mind when settings passwords.
## The future ##
If you’ve looked into KeePass 2 and KeePassX previously, you might’ve noticed that they use different database formats.
KeePass 2 uses a newer version of the format, which offers things like custom fields. Even though KeePassX is not yet ready for the newer .kdbx format, a new version of it is in development which supports this format.
You can view the new version of KeePassX, with a vastly improved interface below. You can also download it to compile it yourself on [GitHub][6].
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Screenshot-from-2013-10-11-19_33_23.png)
*Main screen of KeePassX 2.0 *
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Screenshot-from-2013-10-11-19_34_14.png)
*Details of a single password*
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Screenshot-from-2013-10-11-19_34_44.png)
*Additional attributes of a single password *
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Screenshot-from-2013-10-11-19_35_18.png)
*Entry history, most likely replacing the ‘Backup’ folder from the previous version*
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Screenshot-from-2013-10-11-19_35_51.png)
*Settings in KeePassX 2.0 *
## Other devices ##
As I said in the beggining of my post, **I was looking for something cross platform**. This is a great advantage of the .kdb format — there are quite a few apps currently supporting it. KeePassX is also much easier to get running on Mac OS X than KeePass 2, and runs fine on Windows too.
On Android I use [KeePassDroid][6], which works solidly both on my phone and tablet.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/10/manage-passwords-securely-keepassx
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[1]:https://lastpass.com/
[2]:http://keepass.info/index.html
[3]:http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/keepassx
[4]:https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.apps.authenticator2&hl=en
[5]:https://github.com/keepassx/keepassx
[6]:https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.android.keepass&hl=en_GB

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Mark Shuttleworth to attend and conduct keynote at OpenStack Summit in Hong Kong, November 5th - 8th 2013
================================================================================
By analyzing [Canonical][1], the inquirer is to observe several attributes, among which vision, bold goals and according-to actions, attributes that have gradually positioned Canonical at the top of the computing world, where it is leading a significant portion of innovation spanning across all relevant form factors and computing environments.
Ubuntu,--the desktop--, is a massive success powering 30 million computers of users, companies and state departments seeking stability, speed, security and beauty, yet, the desktop is a part of the overall vigorous Canonical's movement through the layers and peaks of the IT world.
In the cloud, Canonical has been deeply and actively involved in OpenStack's emergence as the most popular, solid and fast open cloud platform, Ubuntu being the reference operating system for OpenStack, platform where NASA, HP and the world's experts are collaborating in the maintenance of the versatile open collaborative cloud platform.
Ubuntu is the [natural][2] operating system for companies and developers desiring to harness the power of OpenStack, Ubuntu offering numerous advantages and benefits: Ubuntu's and OpenStack's release schedules are synchronized, sync pushing the latest features of OpenStack as available under Ubuntu, Canonical delivers support,--products, services, etc--, related to an optimal OpenStack managing and handling, etc.
**OpenStack Summit** is an interesting event where experts are meeting, in order to discuss, present and analyze multiple aspects of OpenStack, featuring interesting presentations, case studies, keynotes from innovation creators, as well as developer gatherings and workshops, etc, essentially, experts talking about the now's and the tomorrow's status of OpenStack and cloud computing.
![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/openstack%20summit%20hong%20kong%202013.png)
The next OpenStack Summit is to happen in **Hong Kong** during **November 5th - November 8th 2013**, event open for [registrations][3].
Canonical will be solidly represented at the Hong Kong's OpenStack Summit by **Mark Shuttleworth**, who is to conduct a keynote, keynote centered in interoperability, presence further strengthening the Ubuntu-OpenStack bond, while revealing new details about upcoming innovative goals, plans and achievements of Canonical and Ubuntu.
Full details, including discounts (to expire on October 26th), are available on [https://www.openstack.org/summit/hk][4]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[1]:http://www.canonical.com/
[2]:http://www.ubuntu.com/cloud/tools/openstack
[3]:https://www.eventbrite.com/event/6786581849/o21
[4]:https://www.openstack.org/summit/hk

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Mastering the “Kill” Command in Linux
================================================================================
It doesn’t matter which operating system you are using, you will surely come across a misbehaving application that lock itself up and refuse to close. In Linux (and Mac), there is this “kill” command that you can use to terminate the application forcefully. In this tutorial, we will show you the various way you can make use of the “kill” command to terminate an application.
**Kill Commands and Signals**
When you execute a “kill” command, you are in fact sending a signal to the system to instruct it to terminate the misbehaving app. There is a total of 60 signals that you can use, but all you really need to know is SIGTERM (15) and SIGKILL (9).
You can view all the signals with the command:
kill -l
![](http://i1.wp.com/imagecdn5.maketecheasier.com/2013/10/kill-list-signal.png)
- SIGTERM – This signal requests a process to stop running. This signal can be ignored. The process is given time to gracefully shutdown. When a program gracefully shuts down, that means it is given time to save its progress and release resources. In other words, it is not forced to stop.
- SIGKILL – The SIGKILL signal forces the process to stop executing immediately. The program cannot ignore this signal. Unsaved progress will be lost.
The syntax for using “kill” is:
kill [signal or option] PID(s)
The default signal (when none is specified) is SIGTERM. When that doesn’t work, you can use the following to kill a process forcefully:
kill SIGKILL PID
or
kill -9 PID
where the “-9” flag refers to SIGKILL signal.
If you are not aware of the PID of the application, simply run the command:
ps ux
and it will display all the running applications together with its PID.
![](http://i1.wp.com/imagecdn5.maketecheasier.com/2013/10/kill-find-pid.png)
For example, to kill the Chrome app, I will run the command:
kill -9 3629
Do also note that you can kill multiple processes at the same time.
kill -9 PID1 PID2 PID 3
**PKill**
The “pkill” command allows the use of extended regular expression patterns and other matching criteria. Instead of using PID, you can now kill application by entering their process name. For example, to kill Firefox browser, just run the command:
pkill firefox
As it matches regular expression pattern, you can also enter partial name of the process, such as:
pkill fire
To avoid killing the wrong processes, you might want to do a “pgrep -l [process name]” to list the matching processes.
![](http://i0.wp.com/imagecdn5.maketecheasier.com/2013/10/kill-pgrep-command.png)
**Killall**
Killall uses the process name as well instead of PID, and it kills all instance of the process with the same name. For example, if you are running multiple instances of Firefox browser, you can kill them all with the command:
killall firefox
In Gnome, you can restart Nautilus by using the command:
killall nautilus
**xkill**
Xkill is a graphical way to kill an application. When you type “xkill” in the terminal, your mouse cursor will instantly become a “cross”. All you have to do is to click the “cross” at the misbehaving app and it will kill the application instantly. If you are keen, you can also add a [keyboard shortcut to activate the xkill][1] function.
**Conclusion**
When apps misbehave and cause the system to hang, it is very tempting to restart the computer and start the session all over again. With these “kill” commands, you will be able to better manage the misbehaving apps without them causing the system to crash. This is especially useful for a server when you don’t want a misbehaving process to bring the whole server down.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.maketecheasier.com/kill-command-in-linux/
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[1]:http://www.maketecheasier.com/quick-tips/kill-unresponsive-application-in-ubuntu/

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Powerful chess application PyChess 0.12 BETA 4 released with new improvements
================================================================================
[PyChess][1] is a lovely enjoyable chess application presenting itself as an advanced manner of digesting chess activities, stressing one's brain and chess skills with intelligent computer opponents, while exposing its activities with user-friendly intuitive visuals and details.
PyChess displays on its main view relevant chess components, translating professional chess activities into a computing experience, where animated table, specific sounds, written-in-real-time movements, hints, annotations, offer draw/abort, chronometer are to fully immerse the user in solid chess actions.
**PyChess 0.12 Anderssen BETA 4** has been released, unstable version marking the fourth iteration of the interesting BETA journey, 0.12 series bringing a significant amount of changes and improvements spanning across multiple levels, [including][2] new themes, new menu options, as well as computer-resources optimizations (removing the high CPU usage).
![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/PyChess%20012%20beta%204.png)
The BETA 4 comes with extended support for extra [FICS][3] variants (Free Internet Chess Server), as well as various fixes and improvements, version further strengthening the powerful chess application.
PyChess 0.12 BETA 4 is available for download on [http://pychess.googlecode.com/files/pychess_0.12beta4-1_all.deb][4]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[1]:http://pychess.org/
[2]:http://iloveubuntu.net/powerful-chess-game-pychess-012-beta-3-released-numerous-new-features-and-improvements
[3]:http://www.freechess.org/
[4]:http://pychess.googlecode.com/files/pychess_0.12beta4-1_all.deb

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Salvation Prophecy Military Space Epic Arrives on Steam for Linux
===
![img](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news-700/Salvation-Prophecy-Military-Space-Epic-Arrives-on-Steam-for-Linux.jpg?1381742049)
**Salvation Prophecy, a title developed and published on Steam by Firedance Games, has been launched on the Linux platform.**
According to the developers, Salvation Prophecy is a military space epic in which the players will be able to play as fighter pilots in space, but also on the surface of planets, in FPS mode.
“Battles rage as space fleets collide. Invaders clash against fortified enemy colonies. Yet the greatest danger is the impending annihilation foretold by an apocalyptic prophecy. You must seek out the mysteries of distant alien worlds, and master ancient powers to withstand the coming storm,” reads the official [synopsis][1].
The minimum Linux system requirements are pretty low, considering the complexity of the game: Ubuntu 12.04 or Ubuntu 12.10, a Dual-core processor, 2 GB RAM, NVIDIA GeForce 8600 GT, ATI Radeon HD 2600, or better, and 1 GB of available space.
More details about this release can be found on the official Steam [website][2].
---
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Salvation-Prophecy-Military-Space-Epic-Arrives-on-Steam-for-Linux-390849.shtml
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[1]:http://store.steampowered.com/news/11613/
[2]:http://store.steampowered.com/app/248450/

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翻译中...............luox
Shotwell 0.15 released with new features and fixes
================================================================================
Ubuntu ships by default [Shotwell][1], handy image manager and basic editor permitting both image-gallery management and basic image editing, latter proving itself useful in numerous and numerous situations.
Shotwell has been [updated][2] to version 0.15, introducing new features and a significant amount of fixes and optimizations.
`Right-clicking on an image-->Open With-->Shotwell Photo Viewer`, pushes the image into Shotwell, where the user is able to edit the image with several options, among which Adjust.
Hitting the `Adjust` button, the user is to notice the newly-implemented Highlights entry, entry useful to on-demand tweak the level of `highlight`; for example, setting `Highlights` as low as possible, removes the light from the editing-in-progress image.
![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/Shotwell%20015%20adjust.jpg)
Clicking on the bottom-bar's `Crop` button, summons a resizable dialog, permitting to the user to crop the image accordingly, dialog gaining in the 0.15 version **size-aware** capabilities.
Resizing the dialog, exposes in real-time the newly-acquired size, allowing the user to hassle-free observe the size of the about-to-be-cropped portion of the image; for example, in order to crop a piece of an image to 640x480, the user is now to adjust the cropping dialog to 640x480, handy ability adding clarity to the image editor.
![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/Shotwell%20015%20resize%20values.jpg)
Moreover, Shotwell 0.15 comes with:
- usage of OAuth / OpenID for YouTube plugin
- strengthened re-import of video files
- optimized video thumbnailing
- numerous fixes
How do we **install** Shotwell 0.15?
Add the following **official** PPA (Ubuntu 12.10, Ubuntu 13.04)
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yorba/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install shotwell
Shotwell 0.15 has already landed in Ubuntu 13.10 via the regular updates.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[1]:http://www.yorba.org/projects/shotwell/
[2]:http://blog.yorba.org/eric/2013/10/shotwell-0-15-has-arrived.html

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sources/The Debian OpenSSL Bug- Backdoor or Security Accident.md
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The Debian OpenSSL Bug: Backdoor or Security Accident?
======================================================
On Monday, Ed wrote about [Software Transparency][1], the idea that software is more resistant to intentional backdoors (and unintentional security vulnerabilities) if the process used to create it is transparent. Elements of software transparency include the availability of source code and the ability to read or contribute to a project’s issue tracker or internal developer discussion. He mentioned a case that I want to discuss in detail: in 2008, the Debian Project (a popular Linux distribution used for many web servers) [announced][2] that the pseudorandom number generator in Debian’s version of [OpenSSL][3] was broken and insecure.
First, some background: A pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) is a program F that, given a short random seed s, gives you a long stream of bits F(s) which appear to be random. If you and I put in the same seed s, we’ll get the same stream of bits. But if I choose s at random and don’t tell you what it is, you can’t predict F(s) at all—as far as you’re concerned, F(s) might as well be random. The OpenSSL PRNG tries to grab some unpredictable information (“entropy”) from the system, such as the current process ID, the contents of some memory that are likely to be different (for example, uninitialized memory which is or might be controlled by other processes) and so on, and turns these into the seed s. Then it gives back the random stream F(s).
In 2006, in order to [fix warnings][4] spit out by [a tool][5] that can help find memory access bugs in software, one of the Debian maintainers [decided to comment][6] [out two lines of code][7] in the OpenSSL PRNG. It turns out that these lines were important: they were responsible for grabbing almost all of the unpredictable entropy that became the seed for the OpenSSL PRNG. Without them, the PRNG only had 32,767 choices for s, so there were only that many possible choices for F(s).
And so programs that relied on the OpenSSL random number generator weren’t seeing nearly as much randomness as they thought they were. One such program generates the cryptographic keys used for SSL (secure web browsing) and SSH (secure remote login). Critically, these keys have to be random: if you can guess what my secret key is, you can break into anything I protect using that key. That means you have the ability to read encrypted traffic, [log into remote servers[8], [or to make forged messages appear authentic][9]. Because the vulnerability had first been introduced in late 2006, the bug also [made its way into Ubuntu][10] (another popular Linux distribution widely used for web servers). All told, the bug affected thousands of servers and [persisted for a long time][11] because patching the affected servers was not enough to fix the problem—you also had to replace any predictable weak keys you had made while the vulnerability was present.
As an aside, the problem of finding entropy to feed pseudorandom number generators is [famously][12] [hard][13]. Indeed, it’s still a [big challenge][14] to get right even today. Errors in randomness are hard to detect, because if you just eyeball the output, it will look random-ish and will change each time you run the program. Weak randomness can be very hard to spot, but it can render the cryptography in a (seemingly) secure system useless. Still, the Debian bug was obvious enough that it inspired a [lot of ridicule][15] [in the security community][16] once it was discovered.
So was this problem a backdoor, purposefully introduced? It seems unlikely. The maintainer who made the change, [Kurt Roeckx][17], was later [made Secretary of the Debian Project][18], suggesting that he’s a real and trustworthy person and probably not a fake identity made up by the NSA to insert a vulnerability. The Debian Project is famous for requiring significant effort to reach the inner circle. And in this case, the mistake itself was not completely damning—a [cascade of failures][19] made the vulnerability possible and contributed to its severity.
But the vulnerability did happen in a transparent setting. Everything that was done was done in public. And yet the vulnerability still got introduced and wasn’t noticed for a long time. That’s in part because all the transparency made for a lot of noise, so the people to whom the vulnerability would have been obvious weren’t paying attention. But it’s also because the vulnerability was subtle and the system wasn’t designed to make the impact of the change obvious to a casual observer.
Does that mean that software transparency doesn’t help? I don’t think so—lots of people agree that transparent software is more secure than non-transparent software. But that doesn’t mean failures can’t still happen or that we should be less vigilant just because lots of other people can see what’s going on.
At the very least, transparency lets us look back, years later, and figure out what caused the bug—in this case, engineering error and not deliberate sabotage.
---
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[1]:https://freedom-to-tinker.com/blog/felten/software-transparency/
[2]:http://www.debian.org/security/2008/dsa-1571
[3]:https://www.openssl.org/
[4]:http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=363516
[5]:http://valgrind.org/
[6]:http://marc.info/?l=openssl-dev&m=114651085826293&w=2
[7]:http://svn.debian.org/viewsvn/pkg-openssl/openssl/trunk/rand/md_rand.c?rev=141&view=diff&r1=141&r2=140&p1=openssl/trunk/rand/md_rand.c&p2=/openssl/trunk/rand/md_rand.c
[8]:http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/5622/
[9]:http://plog.sesse.net/blog/tech/2008-05-14-17-21_some_maths.html
[10]:http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/usn-612-1/
[11]:http://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~hovav/dist/debiankey.pdf
[12]:http://xkcd.com/221/
[13]:http://dilbert.com/strips/comic/2001-10-25/
[14]:https://factorable.net/weakkeys12.extended.pdf
[15]:http://www.xkcd.com/424/
[16]:http://www.links.org/?p=327
[17]:http://www.roeckx.be/journal/
[18]:http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2009/02/msg00009.html
[19]:http://research.swtch.com/openssl

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Thoughts on Mir and the community
================================================================================
I realized this week I needed a break from sampling distributions. I love technology, especially when it involves open source software, but this past week I realized I'd had too much of a good thing. As I scrolled through the list of distributions released over the previous two weeks and combed my inbox for suggestions I realized few of the distributions jumped out at me. My reaction to reading descriptions such as "The last distribution you will ever try" or "Just works" was skepticism. Most of the releases announced over these past two weeks have been niche players and beta releases anyway, so this seemed like a good time to take a break, to take a week off from installing open source operating systems, to have a week off from taking notes on the Linux community's latest and greatest. This week I would like to turn my focus (and yours, if you will indulge me) on Canonical's new display server, [Mir][1].
Mir, for those of you who are not familiar, is a display server designed to replace the X graphics software common to most Linux (and UNIX) operating systems. The Mir software is designed to work on desktops, laptops, tablets and phones. If all goes as planned, Mir will provide better performance and use less energy than X. The name Mir is a Russian term meaning community or the world (as well as "peace") and fits the naming pattern of other Canonical projects which include Ubuntu and Unity.
Right from the start Mir generated some controversy. Originally Canonical (and several other open source contributors) had been putting their development efforts into a new display server technology called [Wayland][2]. Wayland was also supposed to be a faster, lighter, less cumbersome display technology that would someday replace X on most devices. However, development on Wayland was slow and not going in quite the direction Canonical had hoped and thus Mir was born. Right away many people expressed concern that Canonical was dividing the Linux ecosystem by introducing a new display server, a technology which would use different drivers than Wayland and, therefore, possibly divide development efforts. There were also questions as to why Canonical needed to make their own display server rather than influencing Wayland's development, questions Canonical kindly [answered][3].
For a while all seemed quiet, but then, during the month of September, Intel (a Wayland contributor) [rejected software patches][4] provided by Canonical which would allow Intel's drivers to work with Mir. This was a reversal of Intel's earlier [apparent support][5] for Canonical's new display server. The reasoning was not clear, but it seemed as though Intel was unwilling to continue support for Mir, either in an effort to avoid cluttering up their own driver code or because Intel's focus was on Wayland. Either way, it meant more work for the Canonical developers who will need to maintain the driver code themselves. Then, at the start of October, Canonical [announced][6] Mir would not ship by default in the upcoming release of Ubuntu 13.10. The developers had decided there were still bugs to work through, features to complete, and it was decided Mir would be delayed for a release cycle.
Given Mir's status this seemed like a reasonable move, at least to me. In the past Canonical has released buggy code into its products (PulseAudio and the Unity desktop spring to mind) and it seemed as though the company was taking a more conservative approach, protecting its users from experimental code, trying to insure a better user experience. Yet, for some reason, people's reactions have been mostly [negative][7]. Mir's temporary delay seems to be blood in the water for critics of the display server. Commentators are taking the opportunity to claim the project was poorly planned, that the technology is under-supported, that it won't be able to complete with Wayland, which has recently been [gaining][8] [momentum][9].
As someone who does not have a horse in this race, as someone who does not care if his desktop is running Mir, Wayland or X, it has been a puzzling few weeks. It seems as though the community at large, not just a vocal minority of idle commentators, but active developers, are betting against Mir before the software gets a trial run. Intel's move, for example, of not only refusing to assist in driver development, but actively blocking support, is troublesome. Former Red Hat employee, Matthew Garrett, taking shots at Mir also strikes me as a poor use of time and energy. Critics claiming Ubuntu being the only distribution to currently adopt Mir is [a sign Mir won't be successful][10] seems to me to be an odd and unrealistic viewpoint. Wayland has yet to be included as the default display server in any mainstream distributions and critics are not complaining about its delay.
Most of us see the open source world as a place where anybody can scratch an itch, develop a new idea and release it into the wild. It doesn't need to have mass appeal, it does not need to sell a certain number of units, developers are able to create their visions and share them freely. At least it seems as though developers can do this as long as they do not work for commercial companies. The more feedback I hear about Mir (especially negative feedback) the more I get the impression critics are opposed to Mir not on the technology's merits, but because Canonical is behind its development. Ubuntu is a widely used and popular distribution and, when one is king of the hill, everyone wants to push you. The development of Mir isn't hurting anyone, it isn't being forced on other distributions (even Ubuntu community distributions can use Mir or ignore it as they like), and [Mir is open source][11]. Mir represents a fresh solution to a long-standing concern -- the imperfections in X -- and Canonical has shown a willingness to develop and even maintain drivers to prevent diluting efforts from third-party coders. Canonical has basically said they want to try something new, do not expect any help or cooperation and will not push their technology out to the public before it is ready. Despite their best efforts many people in the open source community appear to want them to fail.
Earlier I mentioned that my review options were limited this week as many recent distribution releases have been beta tests rather than full releases. My point of view is that developers should be given the time to get their projects to a stable release before the software is judged. When I review a distribution I try to focus on stable releases and I attempt to avoid reading other reviews of the same project and anything about the developers' personal lives. I want to evaluate a project based on its strengths and problems, as free as possible from the taint of public opinion or past releases. It's not always possible, I am human and flawed, prone to being subjective. Still, I feel the community at large should take the same approach when it comes to Mir. Perhaps the technology will always be buggy or maybe it will be stellar. In either case no one is forcing Mir onto the open source community as a whole, it is Canonical's pet project, and I think the community should be cheering them on for trying something new. Canonical, as with any other open source developer, is free to dedicate its resources to scratching its own itch and seeing what comes about as a result. I, for one, am looking forward to comparing Wayland, Mir and X over the coming year to see which one best serves my needs. When we have options we all win.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20131014
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[1]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Mir/
[2]:http://wayland.freedesktop.org/
[3]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Mir/Spec?action=show&redirect=MirSpec#Why_Not_Wayland_.2BAC8_Weston.3F
[4]:http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/09/intel-rejection-of-ubuntus-mir-patch-forces-canonical-to-go-own-way/
[5]:http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTQ1MzU
[6]:http://fridge.ubuntu.com/2013/10/01/xmir-update-for-ubuntu-13-10/
[7]:http://mjg59.dreamwidth.org/28032.html
[8]:http://wayland.freedesktop.org/toolkits.html
[9]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/rebeccablackos/
[10]:http://lwn.net/Articles/556591/
[11]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Mir/License

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Ubuntu 13.10 Review: A great Linux desktop gets better
================================================================================
***Summary**: Ubuntu 13.10 may not be the most exciting desktop Linux, but it is very solid and contains many useful new features.*
Many hardcore desktop fans still haven't forgiven Ubuntu for switching to its Unity interface. Others dislike how [Canonical][2], [Ubuntu][2]'s parent company, has gone its own way with such technical issues as working on the Mir display stack instead of the more mainstream Wayland. And, some people dislike how Ubuntu is combining "local" searches with Web searches. So what!
![](http://cdn-static.zdnet.com/i/r/story/70/00/021825/ubuntu-1310-saucy-salamander-620x349.jpg)
*Ubuntu 13.10 launches next week. Here's an early review.*
Here's all that really matters. Back in April 2011, Ubuntu's founder, Mark Shuttleworth said that the purpose of Ubuntu's new path was "to bring the [joys and freedoms and innovation and performance and security that have always been part of the Linux platform, to a consumer audience.][3]" He's done it.
Sure, Ubuntu 13.10 Saucy Salamander, which has just gone into its final release candidate stage, isn't a desktop Linux that a Linux techie who still compiles his or her kernels from source code can love. But, it's not meant to be that kind of desktop.
It's meant to be a Linux desktop that anyone, say my now 81-year old mother-in-law can use. From that standpoint Ubuntu has been a success and this one week from final release version is even more of a win for people who just want to use a computer without tears.
To see how it was doing this time, I've been running the Ubuntu beta and the release candidate on two test systems. The first test box was my 2007 Dell Inspiron 530S, which is powered by a 2.2-GHz Intel Pentium E2200 dual-core processor. This PC has 4GBs of RAM, a 500GB SATA (Serial ATA) drive, and an Integrated Intel 3100 GMA (Graphics Media Accelerator) chip set. The second was a 2008-vintage Gateway DX4710. This PC is powered by a 2.5-GHz Intel Core 2 Quad processor, 6GBs of RAM, and a 1TB SATA drive. and also used an Intel GMA 3100 for graphics.
Installation was a cinch on all these systems. While I didn't try to install Ubuntu on a system locked down with Windows 8 Secure Boot, there are [good instructions on how to put Ubuntu on Windows 8 PCs][4] and other systems that use Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI).
One nice new feature about the installation is that during it, you're asked to either login or open a free [Ubuntu One][5] cloud service account. Ubuntu One is a Dropbox-like storage service which comes with 5GBs of no-cost storage. The [commercial version, at $39.95][6], gives you 20GBs of storage and music streaming. While this service works hand-in-glove with Ubuntu you can also its storage from Windows, Mac OS, Android and iOS.
The first thing I noticed once I had it installed was that on both of these older systems, Ubuntu 13.10 ran like a top. If you have an older PC of your own and you're concerned about its fast approaching XP expiration date, keep in mind that Ubuntu, and other easy-to-use Linux distributions such as Mint run just fine on hardware that Windows 7 and above might find too slow.
Looking under the hood, here's what I found. First, the Saucy Salamander is running the [Linux 3.11 kernel][7].
Above this foundation, you'll find the graphics stack. It was supposed to be Mir, but on PCs Mir just isn't ready for prime time. The Mir graphics stack has also faced both internal opposition from Ubuntu-related distributions such as [Kubuntu][8] and [external rejection from Intel][9].
The end result is that Ubuntu 13.10 will still be using the old Xorg-server 1.4.3 by default. You can elect to try Mir if you're feeling adventuresome. If you're going to be running Ubuntu on a smartphone, aka [Ubuntu Touch, you will be using the Mir graphics stack][10].
If you're a developer, this is a big deal. As Joe or Jane user, you won't notice it. For example, until Valve's Ubuntu-based SteamOS ships, Ubuntu is still going to be the best Linux for gaming.
Above the graphics stack you'll find the GNOME 3.8-based Unity 7 interface. The new [Unity 8 interface][11], which emphasizes the use of the screen's edges to control a computing device, will be used in Ubuntu Touch 13.10, but it won't be the default on the desktop.
If you really can't stand Unity, you can easily install your Linux desktop of choice. Or, you can simply use another [Ubuntu-based Linux distribution][12] such as Kubuntu for KDE users, Mint for Cinnamon fans, or [Lubuntu][13] for LXDE enthusiasts. While the main Ubuntu with Unity is meant for new users, you really can run Ubuntu with any Linux desktop you like.
When the software for this edition of Ubuntu was being decided upon, it looked as if Chromium, the open-source version of Google's Chrome Web browser, would be the browser of choice. That didn't happen. Instead, Firefox 24 will be the default Web browser.
The other applications will also be familiar to any Ubuntu or Linux desktop user. They'll include LibreOffice 4.12 for the office suite; Thunderbird 24 for the e-mail client, Gimp 2.8.6 for photo editing, and Rhythmbox 2.99.1 as the default music player.
The most noticeable new feature to casual users will be [Smart Scopes][14], formerly known as Lens. When Lens was first introduced, all it did was integrate Amazon search results with local Unity Dash search results. This default feature was made eventually made optional.
In Ubuntu 13.10, when you search with Unity Dash you'll have the option of having your local search not only look into Amazon but in Facebook, Google Drive, Yelp, and dozens of other online Web sites as well.
Here's how it works. When you enter a search term in the Unity Dash, Ubuntu will try to guess which searches are appropriate. So, for example, if I searched for "Mumford & Sons," it will search not just my PC, but for the group on the Web under the music category.
Each of these categories has multiple sources, or scopes. For example, selecting the "Reference" category will ensure that [Wikipedia][15]; [Wordnik][16], an online dictionary; and [Zotero][17], an Evernote-like program that works with Linux, are used for sources.
Worried about privacy on your Web-based searches? Ubuntu has addressed this by anonymizing both searches and their results.
Say you still don't want to have a thing to do with Web searches from your desktop? Don't sweat it. You can turn all of them off from Settings/Security & Privacy/Search. Or, what I recommend is you take the following steps to use only the online search scopes you feel comfortable with:
- Open the Application Scope (Super, aka Windows key, +A).
- Scroll down to Dash plugins.
- Select “See X more results.”
- Click on the Scope you want to disable.
- Click “Disable.”
Frankly, after some tweaking, I really like this feature. I also like the rest of Ubuntu 13.10.
I've been using the operating system now for several weeks. It's worked well for me as a fast, secure and easy-to-use desktop.
While Unity isn't quite to my personal taste, Shuttleworth has been successful in making a Linux desktop that anyone can use. Don't believe me? Download [Saucy Salamander][18] and see for yourself.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
![](http://cdn-static.zdnet.com/i/r/author/steven-j-vaughan-nichols-140x105.jpg)
**About Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols**
Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols, aka sjvn, has been writing about technology and the business of technology since CP/M-80 was the cutting edge PC operating system. SJVN covers networking, Linux, open source, and operating systems.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[1]:http://www.canonical.com/
[2]:http://www.ubuntu.com/
[3]:http://www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/671
[4]:https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI
[5]:https://one.ubuntu.com/
[6]:https://one.ubuntu.com/services
[7]:https://www.google.com/search?q=site:www.zdnet.com+Linuix+3.11
[8]:http://www.kubuntu.org/
[9]:http://cgit.freedesktop.org/xorg/driver/xf86-video-intel/commit/?id=58a7611
[10]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Mir/13.10/NoDefaultQ%26A
[11]:http://www.jonobacon.org/2013/08/27/ubuntu-in-a-nutshell-unity-and-convergence/
[12]:http://www.ubuntu.com/about/about-ubuntu/derivatives
[13]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Lubuntu
[14]:http://askubuntu.com/questions/310660/what-are-smart-scopes
[15]:http://www.wikipedia.org/
[16]:http://www.wordnik.com/
[17]:http://www.zotero.org/
[18]:http://releases.ubuntu.com/saucy

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翻译中 ---Vic___
Ubuntu Tweak 0.8.6 released with Ubuntu 13.10 support and improvements
================================================================================
Ubuntu Tweak is a powerful, advanced tweaking tool featuring a massive amount of functionalities and tweakable options, permitting an in-depth tweaking of the desktop via a clear, clean interface.
Font sizes, GTK+ themes, Unity launcher, quicklist editor, kernel removals are among the abilities contained by Ubuntu Tweak, abilities covering the whole of the powerful Ubuntu desktop.
[Ubuntu Tweak][1] **0.8.6** has been [released][2], bringing support for Ubuntu **13.10** and, therefore, allowing users to utilize the handy app under the upcoming Ubuntu 13.10.
The newly-released 0.8.6 version comes with enhanced old-kernels handling,--allowing a more accurate removal of the unwanted kernels from one's system--, as well as with disabled `Application Center` and `Source Center`; navigating now to `Ubuntu Tweak-->Admins` the user is to notice the removal of `Application Center` and `Source Center`.
The mentioned features, along with bug fixes and removed errors, are part of the newly-updated Ubuntu Tweak 0.8.6.
![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/ubuntu%20tweak%20086%20saucy.png)
How do we **install** Ubuntu Tweak 0.8.6?
Add the following **official** PPA (Ubuntu 12.04, Ubuntu 12.10, Ubuntu 13.04, Ubuntu 13.10)
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tualatrix/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-tweak
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[1]:https://launchpad.net/ubuntu-tweak
[2]:http://blog.ubuntu-tweak.com/2013/10/13/ubuntu-tweak-0-8-6-released-for-13-10-saucy.html

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Vito
apt-fast: Improve apt-get Download Speed
================================================================================
**[apt-fast][1]** is a “**shell script wrapper**” for **apt-get** and **aptitude** that can drastically improve APT download times by downloading packages with multiple connections per package. apt-fast uses **aria2c** or **axel** download managers to speed up the APT download time. Just like the traditional apt-get package manager, apt-fast supports almost all apt-get functions such as **install, remove, update, upgrade, dist-upgrade** etc. And one more notable feature is it supports proxy too.
**Install apt-fast On Ubuntu**
Use the following PPA to install apt-fast. apt-fast developer says “**Some distros, such as PCLinuxOS include apt-fast in their default repos**”. I expect the same in Ubuntu/Debian default repositories.
To Add apt-fast PPA, enter the following command in Terminal.
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:apt-fast/stable
Update the sources list with command:
sudo apt-get update
Now install it using command:
sudo apt-get install apt-fast
During installation it will ask you to select the maximum number connections to download packages.
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/sk@sk-_003.png)
Select No and continue installation. If you select Yes, apt-get won’t ask you the confirmation during any package installation.
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/sk@sk-_0041.png)
I found **aria2** download manager has been installed along with apt-fast installation automatically. So you don’t have to install it separately.
If you want re-configure apt-fast options, you can do it using command:
sudo dpkg-reconfigure apt-fast
**Usage**
Similar to apt-get functions, we can use:
apt-fast install package
apt-fast remove package
apt-fast update
apt-fast upgrade
apt-fast dist-upgrade
and more.
apt-fast package manager in action:
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/sk@sk-_0051.png)
**Create alias (Optional)**
Edit **~/.bashrc** file and add the following line at the end.
alias apt-get='apt-fast'
Or simply run the following command to add it in your **~/.bashrc** file.
sudo echo "alias apt-get='apt-fast'" >> ~/.bashrc
From now whenever you run apt-get command to install, remove, update and upgrade packages, it will use apt-fast automatically in the background. Sounds cool? Yes it should.
During testing i found it very fast compared to apt-get when downloading packages. Give it a try, you will agree with me. Cheers!!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[1]:https://github.com/ilikenwf/apt-fast

30
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采用Saucy Salamander墙面壁纸包为你的桌面添加活力
================================================================================
2013年10月17日，Ubuntu 13.10即将发行，这将是又一个令人兴奋的功能强大的操作系统，该系统包含许多新的特性和改进，以及设计比赛产生的、默认设计的新的桌面壁纸。
**俏皮的蝾螈壁纸**是一组简约风格的桌面环境，它的中心图案由一个活泼的蝾螈组成。
基本来说，这套壁纸的核心内容是一只在橙色背景上白色风格的蝾螈，同时在壁纸的四个边角添加了白色的圆角，用来衬托这只可爱的蝾螈小演员。
这样做的结果是：映入眼帘的图案是愉快和安静的，同时橙色的背景也为Dash添加了温暖的色调。
![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/1366x768saucy.png)
俏皮的蝾螈壁纸包含有以下几个**尺寸**：1024x768, 1080x1024, 1366x768, 1440x900, 1920x1080, 1920x1080, 用来满足不同分辨率的需要。
要了解更多的信息，壁纸及**XCF**源文件的下载，可以访问以下网址： [http://www.deviantart.com/art/Saucy-Salamander-Wallpaper-402488552][1]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://iloveubuntu.net/add-vitality-your-desktop-saucy-salamander-wallpaper-pack
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://www.deviantart.com/art/Saucy-Salamander-Wallpaper-402488552

22
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我们正在见证Ubuntu的没落？
========================================
真正的历史总在事情发生多年以后才会写就。但是，当将来某天自由软件的历史最终定稿的时候，我始终相信，今年，将作为Ubuntu没落的初始之年而被载入史册。
真正的历史总在事情发生多年以后才会写就。但是，我越来越相信，当将来某天自由软件的历史最终定稿的时候，去年，将作为Ubuntu没落的初始之年而被载入史册。
起初，这个想法可能看起来荒谬可笑或者不怀好意。因为你仍能看到Ubuntu的狂热支持者们在为其每一个发行版的改进鼓掌叫好呐喊助威；记者们也还在谄媚地报道Ubuntu创始人Mark Shuttleworth所说的每一句话；
起初，这个想法可能看起来荒谬可笑或者不怀好意。因为你仍能看到Ubuntu的狂热支持者们在为其每一个发行版的改进鼓掌叫好呐喊助威；记者们也还在谄媚地报道Ubuntu创始人Mark Shuttleworth所说的每一句话。
社区负责人Jono Bacon正在为Ubuntu Touch移动操作系统开发一个新的应用开发者社区；最近，Ubuntu的商业部门Canonical还公布了一些重大项目，例如与中国政府合作，为其开发[国家级的中文操作系统][1]，以及被Linux基金会选中负责实现[Steam][2]游戏平台等等。
然而，[Ubuntu在Google上搜索量][3]的锐减趋势也许能说明一些问题。除了Android和Mageia，其他Linux[主流发行版][4]情况虽然与Ubuntu类似，都有所下降，但事实是，即便这样，却没有哪个发行版像Ubuntu一样下降得如此厉害 —— 搜索量还不到2007年10月的一半，为2006年六月以来的最低值。
然而，[Ubuntu在Google上搜索量][3]的锐减趋势也许能说明一些问题。除了Android和Mageia，其他Linux[主流发行版][4]情况类似，都有所下降，但事实是，即便这样，却没有哪个发行版像Ubuntu一样下降得如此厉害 —— 搜索量还不到2007年10月的一半，为2006年六月以来的最低值。
一直以来，质疑都在持续。Shuttleworth曾经希望能引领自由软件，但现在Ubuntu和Canonical已经将他们自己孤立于自由软件社区之外。就在去年，社区已经多次暗示，它至少部分感到权利被剥夺。
最糟糕的的是，去年，Ubuntu发起的倡议一再被否决，Canonical盈利能力也出现了明显的持续下降。所有这些现象，看起来好像其决策层已经陷入一片难以挽回的混乱，当然，如果这些真的可以挽回的话。
最糟糕的的是，去年，Ubuntu发起的倡议一再被否决，Canonical盈利能力也出现了明显的持续下降。所有这些现象，看起来好像该组织已经陷入一片难以挽回的混乱，当然，如果这些真的可以挽回的话。
###半途而废
和去年形成鲜明对比的是Ubuntu的早几年。2005年到2007年，三年间，Ubuntu成为了Linux桌面世界最新最伟大的希望之星，连评论界都鲜见关于Ubuntu的负面文章，在此之前，评论界一直在声讨Debian注资不足或是质疑某个古怪暴发户投资的动机。
和去年形成鲜明对比的是Ubuntu的早几年。2005年到2007年，三年间，Ubuntu成为了Linux桌面世界最新最伟大的希望之星，批评言论主要限于那些认为没有给Debian足够荣誉或是质疑某个古怪暴发户投资动机的人。
在那些风光的年月里，Ubuntu确实做出了很多努力，大大推进了Linux桌面系统的易用性与普遍性。也许最值得铭记的就是它对多语言环境和键盘区域切换（键盘多输入法？）的支持，现在这已成为各大主流发行版的标准。
在那些风光的年月里，Ubuntu确实做出了很多努力，大大推进了Linux桌面系统的易用性与普遍性。也许最值得铭记的就是它对多语言环境和键盘区域切换的支持，现在这已成为各大主流发行版的标准。
但好景不长，渐渐地，Ubuntu和Canonical开始将自己孤立于主流自由软件社区之外。Shuttleworth的那些美好初衷，诸如项目协作、强调易用性等等，都被严重忽略了。GNOME开发也开始变得急功近利 —— GNOME社区也许认为这是一种进步 —— Shuttleworth甘愿放弃Canonical CEO的职位，也要参与主导开发让他疯狂着迷的Unity。
但好景不长，渐渐地，Ubuntu和Canonical开始将自己孤立于主流自由软件社区之外。Shuttleworth的那些美好初衷，诸如项目协作、强调易用性等等，都被严重忽略了。由于对GNOME开发速度不满 —— 也或者是被GNOME社区视为爆发户 —— Shuttleworth开始了Unity 接口开发，他对此如此着迷，以致甘愿放弃Canonical CEO的职位。
由此，Unity以及与之相关的一切迅速成为了新版Ubuntu发布的关注焦点。由于Canonical不断要求完善的压力（很少有人注意到这是跳票的真正原因），有时软件包的开发像之前一样无法赶上发布进度，这样就使得开发团队总是无法得到Ubuntu社区的肯定。
在这种情况下，开发团队被迫将所有的精力都放在了Unity上，结果就是，华而不实的Unity终于能更好地匹配在移动设备，而不是工作站或笔记本电脑上了。经Distrowatch的统计，尽管有多达[75个发行版][5]是由Ubuntu衍生而来，但其中只有[11个发行版][4]默认采用了Unity。Ubuntu家族尚且如此，其他的主流发行版就更不会采用Unity了，更不要说推动它的发展。
虽然在Unity上赋予了很多开发努力，结果却是Unity更适于匹配移动设备，而不是工作站或笔记本电脑。经Distrowatch的统计，尽管有多达[79个发行版][5]是由Ubuntu衍生而来，但其中只有[11个发行版][4]默认采用了Unity。Ubuntu家族尚且如此，其他的主流发行版就更不会采用Unity了，更不要说推动它的发展。
同样的情况还发生在[Upstart][6]上，Ubuntu使用它代替了init服务；最近，Ubuntu还用[Mir][7]代替了Wayland，而被替换下场的Wayland，正是其他发行版一直看好的X系统的最佳替代者。
同样的情况还发生在[Upstart][6]上，Ubuntu使用它代替init服务；以及最近的[Mir][7]，Ubuntu用其代替Wayland，而被替换下场的Wayland，正是其他发行版一直看好的X Window系统的最佳替代者。
Ubuntu为什么要这么做？Upstart和Mir虽然都保留着自由软件许可，但其实它们都在Canonical的实际控制之下，Canonical主要通过[贡献者协议][8]将所有权利都划归到了公司手里。
@ -79,12 +79,12 @@ via: http://www.datamation.com/open-source/are-we-witnessing-the-decline-of-ubun
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
译者：[Mr小眼儿][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
译者：[Mr小眼儿][] 校对：[jasminepeng][ ]
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
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[Mr小眼儿]:http://github/tinyeyeser
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[jasminepeng]:http://linux.cn/space/jasminepeng
[1]:http://www.canonical.com/content/canonical-and-chinese-standards-body-announce-ubuntu-collaboration
[2]:http://games.slashdot.org/story/13/02/14/2318247/valve-officially-launches-steam-for-linux

0
translated/Contacts App updated with enhanced avatar support → translated/Contacts App updated with enhanced avatar support.md
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translated/E-Mail App Geary Gets New Look, New Features.md
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E-Mail 应用Geary得到新面貌,新功能
E-Mail应用Geary得到改观,增添新功能
================================================================================
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Screen-Shot-2013-10-04-at-14.30.29.png)
*新面貌: Geary 0.4 现在可以下载*
和[一个照片实用工具Shotwell更新][1]一起的是一个新的Geary版本 - 流行的开源桌面e-mail应用.
随着[一款照片实用工具Shotwell的更新][1]一起到来的是新版本的Geary - 流行的开源桌面e-mail应用.
这是客户端背后的团队Yorba自从在4月[众筹$100,000的目标失败][2]之后的第一次发布.
这个轻量级app,很久以来是我酷爱的东西,在今天的更新中它获得了许多长久以来一直被要求的新功能.
这个轻量级app,很久以来是我酷爱的东西,今天的更新版本增加了一些长久需求的新功能.
Geary现在有 **每个账户搜索** **自动保存e-mails草稿** 和 **一个内置安全工具** 用来检查外展连接的恶意内容.
应用的界面总是把焦点集中在第一是信件第二是chrome,也有了一个更新.
应用的界面也更新了，总是把焦点集中在信件和chrome上.
侧边栏显示 **每个文件夹的未读数目** ,账户和文件夹使用了一个套新的单色图标;工具栏已被一个新的'菜单按钮'刷新.
侧边栏显示 **每个文件夹的未读数目** ,账户和文件夹使用了一个套新的 **单色图标** ;工具栏已被一个新的'菜单按钮'刷新.
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Screen-Shot-2013-10-04-at-14.25.09.png)
@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ e-mail列表默认隐藏取消星号和读取状态图标,鼠标悬停显示选
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install geary
Ubuntu 13.10 用户将在[Ubuntu软件中心][4]找到它.
Ubuntu 13.10 用户可以在[Ubuntu软件中心][4]找到.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ -43,15 +44,15 @@ via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/10/geary-0-4-released-with-new-look-new-fea
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
译者：[flsf][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
译者：[flsf][] 校对：[carolinewuyan][]
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[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/10/shotwell-0-15-released-fixes-improvements
[2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/04/geary-fundraiser-fails-at-half-way-mark
[3]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/ppa
[4]:apt://geary
[4]:apt://geary

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正在开发中基于GTK3的Twitter应用“Corebird”
================================================================================
Corebird是一个Twitter应用，它的界面让人想到了Twitter在OS X上的[官方应用](https://itunes.apple.com/gb/app/twitter/id409789998?mt=12%27)。
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Screen-Shot-2013-10-11-at-16.46.53.png)
Corebird是由一个Archlinux用户开发的，它具有GNOME 3.10的外观和功能集。
Corebird的界面使用GTK3开发，因此当你把它放在其他的GTK应用旁边时，Corebird会感觉在家一样。Corebird充分利用了最新版GNOME 3.10 release的新标题栏，这正是GNOME 3.10 release所强调的顶级功能。Corebird的标题栏展示了你的Twitter，头像，以及一个快速编写微博文章的按钮。这把本该是单独的工具栏整合为了一个紧凑，简洁的标题。
虽然Corebird的界面可能是为了GNOME 3.10而设计，但Corebird具备的功能是要让所有的Twitter用户之间交友，无论你是使用GNOME或是其他桌面环境。
## 功能 ##
Corebird在某些方面与Mac的官方Twitter应用相似（这当然是好事！），而且它有一套功能集来充分展现Twitter。转发，喜爱，收听，搜索，个人资料查看，会话，音视频上传，以及其他的一系列功能都可以正常使用。
如果你管理着几个帐号，多帐号设置也是支持的，但是要注意，在最新的版本中，重新打开Corebird后，你之前配置的账户都会被移除。
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/corebird_notification.jpg)
*GNOME锁屏时的Corebird提醒*
在GNOME锁屏时，Corebird也会有提醒，当你回到电脑前，它会提示你有多少个Twitter提醒。
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/corebird_dark.png)
Corebird有浅色的主题，也有深色的主题，这当然是为了让你晚上玩Twitter时眼睛更舒服。Corebird还有一些其他的设置选项，包括显示哪些提醒，是否显示微博内的音视频等，你可以在设定对话框中进行设置。
## 如何获取Corebird ##
如果你还在使用Ubuntu 13.04，非常不走运，Corebird使用了GNOME 3.10的新功能，因此Ubuntu 13.04并不支持。如果你把系统升级为13.10（下周将发布release版本），你就可以在Saucy（13.10的代号简称）的GNOME 3 PPA中体验GNOME 3.10了。
Corebird仍在开发当中，而且PPA也还没有（Corebird已经在[AUR][3]里建了仓库，Archlinux用户进去逛过就会知道），因此，你要使用Corebird就必须手动编译了。
这个项目给了那些开发逐渐慢下来的Linux Twitter应用一个希望的信号，例如，Birdie在今年的夏天没有达成它的[crowdfunding][4]目标。
如果Corebird不是你的菜，去看看[gFeedline][5]，另一个基于GTK3的Twitter应用。
Corebird的更多内容：http://corebird.baedert.org/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/10/corebird-twitter-app-gtk3-gnome
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
译者：[will.qian](https://github.com/willqian) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
[1]:https://itunes.apple.com/gb/app/twitter/id409789998?mt=12%27
[2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/09/10-best-features-gnome-3-10
[3]:https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/corebird-git/
[4]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/07/linux-twitter-app-birdie-perches-on-crowdfunding-bandwagon
[5]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/07/is-gfeedline-twitter-app-for-linux-any-good

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如何从Ubuntu13.04 Raring升级到Ubuntu13.10 Saucy Salamander
================================================================================
**Ubuntu 13.10 Saucy**即将于**10月17日**发布。希望它比Ubuntu 13.04 Raring版本或以前的版本有很大的改进及增加更多功能。大家都好奇地等着，想看看Ubuntu13.10将给Ubuntu爱好者带来些什么。Ubuntu 13.10的最终beta版已经于一周前就出来了。
If you have Ubuntu 13,04, 12,10 or 12.04 Precise Pangolin or older version of Ubuntu on your system, and want to upgrade to this new release? I know you wish. Just follow the simple steps below, you can easily upgrade from Ubuntu 13.04 to Ubuntu 13.10 Saucy both Desktop and as well as Server editions.如果你的系统是Ubuntu的13.04、12.10、12.04 Precise Pangolin或者更早的版本的话，你愿意升级到这最新的发行版本吗？我知道你愿意。只需要按照下面所示的简单几步，不管你用的是桌面版本还是服务版本，都能轻松的从Ubuntu13.04版本升级到Ubuntu 13.10 Saucy版本。
**重要**：在升级前，确保对你的**数据做一次全备份**,备份都存储到外部设备（USB记忆棒或CD/ DVD）去。
**桌面版升级**
1. 升级前更新系统
在升级前，我们首先得更新系统，按下快捷键打开终端输入如下命令。
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
现在是时候升级到最新的发行版本了。
sudo update-manager -d
Software Updater将会打开并且搜索新的发布版本。
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Software-Updater_001.png)
几秒钟以后，你会看到如下所示，标有“**However, Ubuntu 13.10 is available now (you have 13.04)**”字样的窗口。
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Software-Updater_002.png)
然后点击**Upgrade**按钮。
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Release-Notes_003.png)
Software Updater会让你确认是否仍要升级。点击**Start Upgrade**就真正开始安装Ubuntu 13.10了。
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Untitled-window_005.png)
现在Software Updater就会获取文件包并进行安装。这将需要一段时间，具体时间长短取决于你的网络连接速度。你就可以轻松下来。
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Distribution-Upgrade_006.png)
过一会儿，就会询问是否删除不必要的应用程序。
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Untitled-window_008.png)
最后，点击重启完成升级。
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Untitled-window_009.png)
现在你的系统就是最新的Ubuntu 13.10发布版本了。
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Details_010.png)
**服务版升级**
要从Ubuntu 13.10服务版升级到Ubuntu 13.04服务版本，请按下面步骤操作。
如果还没有安装**update-manager-core**软件包，请先进行安装：
sudo apt-get install update-manager-core
打开**/etc/update-manager/release-upgrades**文件，
sudo nano /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades
按如下所示进行编辑，设置**Prompt=normal**。
# Default behavior for the release upgrader.
[DEFAULT]
# Default prompting behavior, valid options:
#
# never - Never check for a new release.
# normal - Check to see if a new release is available. If more than one new
# release is found, the release upgrader will attempt to upgrade to
# the release that immediately succeeds the currently-running
# release.
# lts- Check to see if a new LTS release is available. The upgrader
# will attempt to upgrade to the first LTS release available after
# the currently-running one. Note that this option should not be
# used if the currently-running release is not itself an LTS
# release, since in that case the upgrader won't be able to
# determine if a newer release is available.
Prompt=normal
现在是时候把系统升级到最新服务版本了，使用下面的命令：
sudo do-release-upgrade -d
按照屏幕上的指示一步一步操作。大功告成！！。
已经成功的升级到Ubuntu 13.10了，现在该做些什么呢？看看我们的新文章“**安装Ubuntu13.10后应该做的事**”。现在你的系统已经很完善了。庆祝吧！！
**请注意：这是一个测试版的。我建议不要在生产环境上安装。最终的稳定版将会在2013年10月17日发布。**
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.unixmen.com/upgrade-ubuntu-13-04-raring-ubuntu-13-10-saucy-salamander/
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)

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如何在Ubuntu中用上iOS 7的图标
如何在Ubuntu 13.04和13.10上安装iOS 7的图标
================================================================================
**这个简单的教程，将会教你，如何在你的Ubuntu（12.04、13.04、13.10）上使用高端大气上档次的苹果iOS 7系统新图标。**
**这个简单的教程将指导你如何在你的Ubuntu 12.04、13.04和13.10上安装苹果iOS 7操作系统的所有图标。**
![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/How-to-Install-the-iOS-7-Icons-in-Ubuntu-13-04-and-Ubuntu-13-10-387709-2.jpg)
上面是效果图，安装完的图标虽然看起来有些不像。但是对于Ubuntu的每一次发行版都使用相同的图标来说，这已经让我们的审美得到升华了。
上面是效果图，安装完的图标虽然看起来改变不大，但是对于审美观来讲却是重大提高，如果Canonical没有在每一个发行版中使用种类图标，那你将不会那么容易识别出Ubuntu，差异甚微。
以前在Ubuntu安装主题、图标甚至是鼠标光标，那叫一个麻烦，但是近几年这事变得容易多了。想要安装新的图标，只需要输入几条命令就行。
在开始之前，请注意一下。本文使用的PPA(Personal Package Archives)只能在Ubuntu 12.04上运行。这是因为，在复制iOS的图标时候是在Ubuntu 12.04版本上建立的。
当然，正如开始提到的，这些图标可以在Ubuntu 13.04 和 Ubuntu 13.10上使用，只是需要改变一点小小的操作。
除此之外，你需要一个小软件使这些图标生效。我们推荐使用GNOME Tweak Tool，当然你也可以根据自己的习惯选择。
除此之外，你需要一个小软件使这些图标生效。我们推荐使用GNOME Tweak Tool，但是如果你喜欢的话还有几个其他软件可供选择。
下面教程开始：
@ -38,22 +37,21 @@ Ubuntu 13.04、Ubuntu 13.10安iOS装图标：
wget -c https://launchpad.net/~elementary-br/+archive/projects/+files/ieos7-icons_0.1-0~13~ubuntu12.04.1_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i ieos7-icons_0.1-0~13~ubuntu12.04.1_all.deb
如果你发现deb包安装失败，无论什么原因，只需要运行：
如果你发现deb包安装失败，无论什么原因，只需要运行：
sudo apt-get install -f
sudo apt-get install -f
修复完依赖关系，再次运行：
修复完依赖关系，再次运行：
sudo dpkg -i ieos7-icons_0.1-0~13~ubuntu12.04.1_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i ieos7-icons_0.1-0~13~ubuntu12.04.1_all.deb
这个图标集大概有300个，所以有些应用程序的图标还是老样子。
这个图标集大概有300个，所以你的操作系统中的部分应用程序图标还是老样子。
享受你的新图标吧！
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/How-to-Install-the-iOS-7-Icons-in-Ubuntu-13-04-and-Ubuntu-13-10-387709.shtml
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
译者：[Vic___](https://github.com/vic020) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
译者：[Vic___](https://github.com/vic020) 校对：[carolinewuyan](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)

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在Ubuntu下安装Jitsi Instant Messenger（Jisti即时信使）
================================================================================
[Jitsi][1] 是Java编写的开源的、多平台的音频/视频网络电话和即时通信软件。它支持一些最流行的即时通信和电信协议，比如：SIP，Jabber/XMPP（因此才有了Facebook和Google Talk），AIM，ICQ，MSN，Yahoo! Messenger。
Jitsi也被认为是Skype的一个很好的替代者。
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/About-Jitsi.png)
**安装Jitsi**
按下键盘上的Ctrl+Alt+T组合键打开终端。在打开的终端中输入如下命令下载Jitsi：
**32位系统：**
$ wget https://download.jitsi.org/jitsi/debian/jitsi_2.2-latest_i386.deb
**64位系统：**
$ wget https://download.jitsi.org/jitsi/debian/jitsi_2.2-latest_amd64.deb
对于32位和64位系统都运行如下命令：
$ sudo dpkg -i jitsi_2.2-latest_*.deb
以上命令将在你的系统中安装Jitsi 2.2，并且在你的系统中添加Jitsi的资源库，这将使你以后能够更加容易的升级。 - 查看更多内容: http://www.unixmen.com/install-jitsi-instant-messenger-ubuntu/#sthash.Ax75AebB.dpuf
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/jitsi_main.png)
**Jitsi的部分功能：**
**支持的协议/网络**
- SIP XMPP (Jabber)
- GoogleTalk (使用XMPP) Facebook (使用XMPP)
- .NET Messenger Service (通常叫做MSN或者是Windows Live Messenger)，Yahoo! Messenger，AIM ICQ
**通话**
- SIP XMPP MSN
- 音频通话 支持 支持 由于项目终止而没有计划
- 视频通话 支持 支持 由于项目终止而没有计划
- 桌面流 支持 支持 由于项目终止而没有计划
- 桌面共享 支持 支持 由于项目终止而没有计划
- 音频电话会议 支持 支持 由于项目终止而没有计划
- 音频级别显示 支持 支持 由于项目终止而没有计划
- 通话录音 支持 支持 由于项目终止而没有计划
- 指定转接 支持 支持 由于项目终止而没有计划
- 电话盲转 支持 支持 由于项目终止而没有计划
- 通过SDES/SRTP和ZRTP实现通话加密 支持 支持 由于项目终止而没有计划
- 通话静音 支持 支持 由于项目终止而没有计划
- 通话保持 支持 支持 由于项目终止而没有计划
- 支持ICE 正在进行 支持 由于项目终止而没有计划
- 支持TURN 正在进行 支持 由于项目终止而没有计划
- 使用SILK，G.722和Speex的宽带音频 支持 支持 由于项目终止而没有计划
- 噪声抑制 支持 支持 由于项目终止而没有计划
- 回声消除 支持 支持 由于项目终止而没有计划
**即时通信**
- XMPP MSN Yahoo! ICQ/AIM SIP
- 存在 支持 支持 支持 支持 支持
- 一对一聊天 支持 支持 支持 支持 支持
- 多用户聊天 支持 支持 支持 支持 不支持
- 文件传输 支持 支持 支持 支持 不支持
- OTR加密 支持 支持 支持 支持 不支持
更多特性 [点击这里][2]
**使用Jitsi**
Jitsi能够通过在终端中执行如下命令来运行
$ jitsi
或者从dash中运行
**Dash > Jitsi**
添加账户
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/addnew.png)
点击 **select network（选择网络）**.
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Add-new-account_0051.png)
在这个教程中，使用Gtalk帐号进行登录
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/select_account.png)
按要求输入你的**username（用户名）** 和 **password（密码）**。
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/login.png)
然后你就在线了。
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Jitsi_online.png)
聊天窗口。
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/chat.png)
对于其他Linux发行版，请访问Jitsi[下载页面][3]
如有问题，请访问我们的 Q/A 论坛 : http://ask.unixmen.com/ - 更多信息请参见: http://www.unixmen.com/install-jitsi-instant-messenger-ubuntu/#sthash.TuH8ZN0b.dpuf
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
来自: http://www.unixmen.com/install-jitsi-instant-messenger-ubuntu/
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
译者：[SCUSJS]校对：[jasminepeng][]
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
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[SCUSJS]:http://blog.csdn.net/scusjs
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[1]:https://jitsi.org/Main/HomePage
[2]:https://jitsi.org/Main/Features
[3]:https://jitsi.org/Main/Download

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在Ubuntu中安装XscreenSaver--屏幕保护
================================================================================
这个教程将会给你展示如何在Ubuntu 12.04(也包含其他Ubuntu版本)中加入屏幕保护，它们原本不包含任何屏幕保护的。但是，一些对计算机或linux不熟悉的人，并不了解屏幕保护.到底屏幕保护能做什么呢?
屏幕保护是一个主要用于安全的的计算机程序.当计算机空闲时,这个程序会清空屏幕或者在屏幕上填满移动的图片或样式。屏幕保护也可以用于娱乐或显示系统信息。当你打算离开办公室又不想让任何人看你电脑上的信息时,屏保程序将是绝佳的解决方案。
**屏幕保护怎么让我的电脑变得更安全?**
屏幕保护能配置成在允许用户继续工作之前要求用户输入密码。但是请留意，如果设置为在启动机器后自动登入帐号，那么攻击者可以轻易的重启机器来登入你的帐号.
**怎么安装屏幕保护?**
打开一个新的终端(ctrl+alt+T)，如图一所示。
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/screen1.png)
图一
在安装一个新的屏幕保护之前我们必须卸载默认屏幕保护,运行 'sudo apt-get remove gnome-screensaver' ，见图二。
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/screen4.png)
图二
用下列命令安装XScreenSaver和一些附加的屏保包。
sudo apt-get install xscreensaver xscreensaver-data-extra xscreensaver-gl-extra
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/screen6.png)
图三
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/screen7.png)
图四
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/screen9.png)
图五
XScreenSaver 每次启动后会随机选择一个屏幕保护.预了解如何配置XScreenSaver，参见[这里][1].
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.unixmen.com/installing-xscreensaver-ubuntu/
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
译者：星誓云梦 校对：[jasminepeng][]
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
[星誓云梦]:http://linux.cn/space/星誓云梦
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[1]:http://www.jwz.org/xscreensaver/faq.html

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translated/Music App ‘Musique’ Adds Album Sorting, Gapless Playback and Playlist Tweaks.md
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音乐应用'Musique'增添专辑排序、无缝播放和播放列表调整功能
================================================================================
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/cartoon_clouds_and_blue_sky-wallpaper-1152x864.jpg)
*Musique1.3排序选项功能(OS X 截图)*
**这周对于音乐爱好者来说是再好不过了，继Banshee的最新更新之后，一个新的轻量级Qt音乐播放器Musique发布.**
[Musique 1.3][1]建立在先前版本的核心功能之上，添加需求选项，通过网格视图中的歌手名字、人气指数、年代等来 **排序艺术家及专辑** 。
新更新版本的Musique中，有一个“改写”播放列表的新功能，它可以显示正在播放歌曲的专辑缩略图、歌曲变更通知，并且支持使用GStreamer声子后端无缝播放。
还包含了各种bug修复、专辑和艺术家列表中的性能改进，以及本地专辑封面图片格式的更多选择。
Musique 1.3 将 **在未来几天进入Ubuntu软件中心** (目前正在等待批准).
在此期间你可以通过点击下面的按钮从软件中心安装1.1版本.只要得到批准,Ubuntu将自动更新它到最新版本.
- [从Ubuntu软件中心安装 Musique 1.1][2]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/10/musique-1-3-update-adds-album-sorting
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
译者：[flsf][] 校对：[Caroline][]
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
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[flsf]:https://github.com/flsf
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[1]:http://flavio.tordini.org/musique-1-3
[2]:apt:musique

67
translated/Open source is brutal- an interview with Google's Chris DiBona.md
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开源是冷酷无情的：谷歌Chris DiBona访谈
==============================================================
![img](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/imagecache/image-full-size/images/law/LAW_imaginationcrucial.png)
Chris DiBona是谷歌开源执行总监。他也是开源界杰出的领军人物，对开源的关注可以追溯到他的大学时期，对Linux可谓一见钟情。
Chris DiBona是谷歌开源执行总监。他也是开源界杰出的领军人物之一，这还要追溯到他的大学时期，那时他对Linux可谓一见钟情。
在今年的 ”一切皆开源“ 大会上，Chris 将会介绍谷歌开源软件事业的各个方面，包括其进展、前景等，还有Android的起源和现况。
在今年的 ”一切皆开源“ 大会上，Christ将会提供谷歌目前的开源软件活动的最新消息以及回顾过去，还有Android的起源和现况。
我去见他，和他一起讨论他最喜欢的linux发行版，开源的无情法则，以及他对谷歌作为业界领袖应有的责任的看法。
我遇到了Christ，我们讨论了他最喜爱的Linux发行版、开源的无情法则以及他对谷歌作为业界领袖应有的责任的看法。
以下是访谈详情。
问：对于你加入谷歌并且在开源部门展开工作，有那些方面是我们所不知道的？
答：
第一次使用linux是在上学的时候，由于当时选修了操作系统课程，为此，我打算写一些 有关客户端/服务器 的东西。很幸运，
那时候Sun工作站实验室很热闹，因为公开探讨问题的风气使然，编码味十足，但是使用的终端跑得相当慢。我在想，瓶颈在哪，
不妨就用一直都摆放在家里的一台486-16上试试这个linux到底怎么样。相当棒的决定。从此我喜欢上了linux系统。linux太棒了，
跑得很快，而且与其他unix系统相比，功能齐全。OS这门课，我也得了A。
第一次使用Linux是在上学的时候，由于当时选修了操作系统课程，因此，我需要写一些有关客户端/服务器的东西。出乎意料的是，那时候Sun工作站实验室很热闹，因为公开探讨问题的风气使然，编码味十足，使用的终端跑得相当慢。我在想，瓶颈在哪，不妨就用一直都摆放在家里的一台486-16上试试这个linux到底怎么样。这是有史以来最棒的一次决定！从此我喜欢上了linux系统。linux太棒了，运行很快，与其他unix系统相比，功能齐全。OS这门课程，我也得了A。
问：下面这个问题跟询问你最喜欢的球队一样很危险；你最喜欢哪个linux发行版？
问：下面这个问题的危险程度跟询问你最喜欢的球队一样，你最喜欢哪个linux发行版？
答：
哈！我很想说是Android，因为Android是基于linux内核的，而我对linux内核的使用频度远远超过其他一些东西。尽管通常情况
下讨论Android时，多数人都不把它当做一个发行版。我的回答同样适用于在Ubuntu/Debian衍生版本上运行的Chrome浏览器，如果有
人针对Chrome这样问的话。我在谷歌计算引擎上运行的是Debian，在家里则经常用Fedora。出席公共场合的时候，大多数情况下我携
带Chomebook, 感觉用它最安全。
最喜欢的？ Android。
哈！如果轻率地回答，那么是Android，因为Android是基于linux内核的，而我对linux内核的使用频度远远超过其他一些东西。尽管通常情况下讨论Android时，多数人都不把它当做一个发行版。我在Ubuntu/Debian衍生版本上运行的Chrome浏览器中输入了这个问题的回答，我在谷歌计算引擎上运行的是Debian，在家里则经常用Fedora。出席公共场合的时候，大多数情况下我携带Chomebook,感觉用它最安全。那么最喜欢的就是Android。
问：2004年加入谷歌之前，你在开源和linux领域投入了许多时间，是什么原因促使你加入谷歌?
答：
从事咨询方面的工作一段简短的时间之后，当我决定开始全职工作，谷歌的offer对我来说最富有吸引力。 成为谷歌开源人、白
手起家开始创业的想法深深地打动了我。我自己也认为谷歌过去，包括现在仍然在做计算机科学方面 有意思的东西，而且以各
种方式吸引着我，这些不是其他offer所具有的。
从事了一小段时间咨询方面的工作以后，当我决定开始全职工作，谷歌的offer对我来说最富有吸引力。 成为谷歌开源人、白手起家开始创业的想法深深地吸引着我。我感觉无论过去还是现在，谷歌始终在计算机科学领域做着有趣的事情，而且以它独有的方式吸引着我，这些是其他offer所不具备的。
问：你不但指导各种项目的开发，而且也参与了Google Ventures，为该项目的启动注资，那么你在一个项目中想要寻找什么，是什
么让你说出这样的话：”是的，我就是想帮你” ?
问：你不但指导各种项目的开发，而且也参与了Google Ventures，为该项目的启动注资，那么你在一个项目中想要寻求什么，是什么让你说出“是的，我就是想帮你”这样的话 ?
答：
呃，坦白说，我希望它是令人感兴趣的。对于Google Ventures，我并不需要过多的深入其中， 开源问题就不同了，有趣而且参
与者众多。
呃，坦白说，我希望它能够做的有趣。对于Google Ventures，我并不需要过多的深入其中，而开源问题就不同了，有趣而且参与者众多。
问：多年前的一次采访中你曾经说过：”谷歌与开源社区同行。赞助意味着责任，这是相当严肃的一件事情。“谷歌是否打算避免在自
己参与的社区中担责，二者之间存在必然联系吗？
问：多年前的一次采访中你曾经说过：”谷歌与开源社区同行。赞助意味着责任，这是相当严肃的一件事情。“谷歌是否打算避免在自己参与的社区中担责，二者之间存在必然联系吗？
答：
我想是这样的。我希望谷歌工程师和非谷歌开源界的工程师都能把对方看做计算机科学领域的同侪。 我们得意识到，对开源项
目的广泛资助预示着责任，比如项目控制，大家都知道，事情就应该这么做，即使真的没什么联系。
我想是这样的。我希望谷歌工程师和非谷歌开源界的工程师都能把对方看做计算机科学领域的同侪。我们得意识到，对开源项目的广泛资助预示着责任，比如项目控制，大家都知道，事情就应该这么做，即使真的没什么联系。
问：你曾经称开源”无情“,具体是什么意思?
问：你曾经称开源是“无情”的,具体是什么意思?
答：
呃，我还以为你会问为什么开源可以行得通，什么时候会考虑开源软件工程管理在业内是如何运作，但是你没有。不同特性的团
队在公司里的运作时及其不同的，但是在开源领域，可以创作出世界级的非常优秀的软件。为什么会这样？
因为我认为，在开源项目中，你可以选择只和富有成效的人一起工作而忽视其他人。这种行为被理解为非常尖刻和排斥性的。
然而实情原本就如此：无情并别排斥那些无所贡献的人。
呃，我还以为你会问为什么开源可以行得通，什么时候会考虑开源软件工程管理在业内是如何运作，但是你没有。分散的、不同特性的团队在公司里相当难运作，但是在开源领域，可以创作出世界级非常优秀的软件。为什么会这样？
然而这就是为什么项目克隆如此重要。无论出于什么原因，如果一个人被排斥在一个项目之外，那么他们可以克隆该项目然后使
该项目朝着不同的方向发展。假如他们的想法及实现优于先前被拒绝加入的项目，那么，好吧，这次克隆成为新的现实，而那些拒绝
别的开发者加入的家伙现在则尝到了被拒绝的滋味。
因此，我要说的是，开源世界里，实践出来的最合适的东西才会赢得生存的命运，这是相当无情的机制。但是这样行得通，可以
开发出高质量的软件。诚然，对新手来说比较难上手……
因为我认为，在开源项目中，你可以选择只和富有成效的人一起工作而忽视其他人。这种行为被理解为非常尖刻和排斥性的。然而实情原本就如此：无情并别排斥那些无所贡献的人。
问：14年前，你编辑过一本O'Reilly出版的有关开源的书。这些年开源领域是否了发生大的变化？你认为将来开源模式会取代专有模
式吗？
然而这就是为什么项目克隆如此重要。无论出于什么原因，如果一个人被排斥在一个项目之外，那么他们可以克隆该项目然后使该项目朝着一个新方向发展。假如他们的想法及实现优于先前被拒绝加入的项目，那么，好吧，这次克隆成为新的现实，而那些拒绝别的开发者加入的家伙现在则尝到了被拒绝的滋味。
所以，我想说，开源世界是一个适者生存、优胜劣汰的残酷机制，但是这样却能生产出高质量的软件产品。诚然，对新手来说比较难上手……
问：14年前，你编辑过一本有关开源的书-O'Reilly。这些年开源领域是否了发生大的变化？你认为将来开源模式会取代专有模式吗？
答：
开源界确实发生了一些变化，非常显著的一点就是公司里从事开源工作的人数的增长。而且我还觉察到学术界参与开源的人数有
所下降，我把它归咎于技术转让专利申请，对代码许可权确实是个障碍。类似的，一些来自大学和公司的开源代码不足以称之为开源
，因为围绕着专利要应付相当多的问题。我很想说要不是有专利授权许可，我们应该都持怀疑态度，但是在这个时候说这样的话就有
可能走向极端了。
开源界确实发生了一些变化，非常显著的一点就是公司里从事开源工作的人数的增长。而且我还觉察到学术界参与开源的人数有所下降，我把它归咎于技术转让专利申请，对代码许可权确实是个障碍。类似的，一些来自大学和公司的开源代码不足以称之为开源，因为围绕着专利要应付相当多的问题。我很想说要不是有专利授权许可，我们应该都持怀疑态度，但是在这个时候说这样的话就有一点走极端了。
---
via: https://opensource.com/business/13/10/interview-chris-dibona
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
译者：[l3b2w1](https://github.com/l3b2w1) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
译者：[l3b2w1](https://github.com/l3b2w1) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)

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Shotwell 0.15发布了!添加了更多新功能及修复!
================================================================================
Ubuntu 默认安装了Shotwell,它能轻松的管理图片,提供基本的图片展示功能和图片编辑.以后将提供更多更多有用的功能.
Shotwell 已经更新到0.15版本,介绍了最新的特征和修复了大量已知的bug,并进行了更多的优化.
`右击图片-->打开方式-->Shotwell图片编辑`,用Shotwell打开图片后,在下边有几个选项,其中包括Adjust(调整)选项
点击'Adjust'按钮,用户能清楚的发现最新的Highlights(高亮)条目,这对于微调'Highlig'很有帮助;举例来说,尽可能调低'Highlights'设置,这样就能删除正在编辑的图片的光亮度.
![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/Shotwell%20015%20adjust.jpg)
点击按钮条中的'Crop'按钮,弹出可更改大小的会话框,允许用户根据要求自定义裁剪图片,0.15版本的对话框增加了 **尺寸显示** 的功能.
改变会话框的大小,会实时的显示目前的尺寸大小,用户能自由随意观察修剪框中的尺寸;举个例子,为了得到一张640*480的图片,用户可以将裁剪框调整到640*480,在图片编辑器中便利地增添图片清晰度.
![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/Shotwell%20015%20resize%20values.jpg)
除此以外,Shotwell 0.15 还增添了:
--Youtube 插件 OAuth / OpenID 的使用
--加强视频文件的导入
--优化了视频的缩略图
--修复了很多漏洞
我们怎么**安装** Shotwell 0.15呢?
添加以下 **官方** PPA(Ubuntu 12.10, Ubuntu 13.04)
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yorba/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install shotwell
Shotwell 0.15 已经登入Ubuntu 13.10,你只需要定期的更新软件,便会帮你自动安装,享受它带给你的乐趣吧!
via: http://iloveubuntu.net/shotwell-015-released-new-features-and-fixes
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
译者：[Luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat) 校对：[caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
[1]:http://www.yorba.org/projects/shotwell/
[2]:http://blog.yorba.org/eric/2013/10/shotwell-0-15-has-arrived.html

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Debian OpenSSL Bug - 后门还是安全事故?
======================================================
周一，Ed 写了篇文章《软件透明度》[1]，主旨是如果软件开发的过程是透明的，那么软件本身对恶意的后门（无心的安全漏洞）更具抵抗性。
软件透明的因素包括公开源代码，可以获取一个项目的追踪议题，以及允许参与内部开发者会议。他提到一种情况，在这儿我想详细讨论一下：
2008年，Debian项目（一个流行的用于web服务器的linux发行版），宣称[2]Debian中OpenSSL[3]的伪随机数生成器遭到破解，已经不安全了。
首先，了解一些背景信息：伪随机数生成器（PRNG）就是一个程序，假定代号为F。给定一个随机种子s，通过F(s)进行处理后，
会得到一个长的比特流。如果我和你都使用同样的种子s，两个人会得到同样的比特流。但是如果我随机选择一个s，也不告诉你s是什么，
你根本不能够推测F(s)的结果，如你所知，F(s)也是随机的。OpenSSL中的PRNG试图从系统中抓取不可预测的信息（"熵"）,比如当前进程ID，
或者很有可能是不同的内存数据（比如，未初始化的内存，该内存，可能或者就是，由其它一些进程控制）等等。把这些东西转换成种子s，
经F(s)处理，就会得到随机比特流。
2006年，为了解决一条从一个查找软件内存存取bug的工具[5]生成的警告[4]，一名Debian维护者决定注释掉[6]OpenSSL PRNG里的两行代码[7]。
结果这两行代码非常重要，代码负责抓取几乎所有的不可预测的熵，抓取的熵会作为OpenSSL PRNG的种子。没有这些代码，
PRNG只有总共32,767个选择可作为种子，因而也就是说只有这么多的选择可用于F(s)进行处理。
很多依赖于OpenSSL随机数生成器的程序，其实并不拥有那么多的随机选择，但是他们原以为会有那么多的。
一个这样的程序要为SSL（安全网络浏览）和SSH（安全远程登录）生成秘钥。问题的关键在于，这些秘钥必须是随机的：如果你可以猜到我的秘钥，
你就可以破解我使用该秘钥保护的任何东西。这意味着你有能力读取加密的通讯信息，登录到远程服务器[8]，或者伪造看起来似乎是真实的信息[9]。
这个漏洞是2006年第一次引入，而且进入到Ubuntu中[10](另一个流行的linux发行版，广泛应用于网络服务器)。漏洞影响到数以千计的服务器而且
存在了很长一段时间[11]，因为只是给受影响的服务器打补丁还不足以解决问题，必须替换掉任何在漏洞存在情况下生成的秘钥。
顺便说一句，为伪随机数生成器寻找熵是个著名[12]的难题[13]。事实上，在今天来看要解决这个问题依然是个巨大的挑战。随机错误难以检测，
因为当你盯着输出看，每次运行程序结果都不一样，就像随机的一样。弱随机性很难定位，但是它可以使（貌似）安全的加密系统失效。
依然如此，Debian中的那个漏洞一经发现在安全界[15]就常常被当做笑柄[16]。
这是个后门，故意设置的吗？似乎不大可能。[Kurt Roeckx][17]，代码维护者，后来成为Debian项目的主管。显然他是个可靠的家伙，
不是为了故意设置漏洞而由NSA伪造出来的身份。想进入Debian项目组的核心，需要做出巨大的努力，那真是出了名的难进。
这样看来，错误根本不是自己冒出来，而是一系列失误导致的，而且后果严重。
漏洞确实是在一个透明的环境下引入的。所做的任何一件事都是公开的。但是漏洞就在那儿，而且呆了相当长一段时间。
部分原因在于，正因为所有的事情都是透明的，才导致极大的混乱，人们对那个显而易见的漏洞也都没太在意。
另外，也因为漏洞本身太过微妙。让修改带来的影响随便给谁看都能那么明显，这也不是设计该系统的目的。
这是否意味着软件透明没什么益处？ 我可不这么认为。许多人都赞同透明软件要比不透明软件更安全。
但是这也并不表示漏洞不会产生，或者认为有其他人都看着呢而我们自己就可以掉以轻心。
至少，多年以后，透明可以让我们回想起，究竟是什么导致的那个漏洞，原来是工程上的纰漏而非人为破坏。
---
via: https://freedom-to-tinker.com/blog/kroll/software-transparency-debian-openssl-bug/
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
译者：[l3b2w1](https://github.com/l3b2w1) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
[1]:https://freedom-to-tinker.com/blog/felten/software-transparency/
[2]:http://www.debian.org/security/2008/dsa-1571
[3]:https://www.openssl.org/
[4]:http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=363516
[5]:http://valgrind.org/
[6]:http://marc.info/?l=openssl-dev&m=114651085826293&w=2
[7]:http://svn.debian.org/viewsvn/pkg-openssl/openssl/trunk/rand/md_rand.c?rev=141&view=diff&r1=141&r2=140&p1=openssl/trunk/rand/md_rand.c&p2=/openssl/trunk/rand/md_rand.c
[8]:http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/5622/
[9]:http://plog.sesse.net/blog/tech/2008-05-14-17-21_some_maths.html
[10]:http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/usn-612-1/
[11]:http://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~hovav/dist/debiankey.pdf
[12]:http://xkcd.com/221/
[13]:http://dilbert.com/strips/comic/2001-10-25/
[14]:https://factorable.net/weakkeys12.extended.pdf
[15]:http://www.links.org/?p=327
[16]:http://www.xkcd.com/424/
[17]:http://www.roeckx.be/journal/
[18]:http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2009/02/msg00009.html
[19]:http://research.swtch.com/openssl

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Ubuntu 13.10评论：日趋完善，一个伟大的Linux桌面系统。
================================================================================
***摘要**：Ubuntu 13.10也许并不是最激动人心的桌面Linux，但它却非常可靠，拥有许多有用的新特性。*
许多桌面发烧友至今仍然对Ubuntu转用Unity耿耿于怀，另外有些人不喜欢[Ubuntu][2]的母公司[Canonical][1]一意孤行，用Mir代替更主流的Wayland，还有些人不喜欢Ubuntu将本地搜索与Web搜索合并在一起。我想说，那又怎样！
![](http://cdn-static.zdnet.com/i/r/story/70/00/021825/ubuntu-1310-saucy-salamander-620x349.jpg)
*Ubuntu 13.10下周发布，本文只是预热。*
让我来告诉你们，什么是事实！回首2011年4月，Ubuntu的创始人Mark Shuttleworth曾经说过，Ubuntu新的发展方向是，“为普通消费者带来[快乐、自由、创新、性能和安全，而这些正是Linux平台中一直所缺少的东西][3]”。如今，他做到了！
Ubuntu 13.10，代号“俏皮的蝾螈(Saucy Salamander)”，已经进入发布前的最后阶段。的确，Ubuntu也许不是那些每天热衷于编译内核代码的Linux专家们所喜爱的桌面Linux，因为它本就不是为那些人准备的。
Ubuntu是一个所有人，甚至包括我那81岁的老岳母，都能使用的Linux桌面操作系统。基于这个角度，Ubuntu已经成功了，而下周最终发布的新版本，对于那些仅仅只是想学习使用一台电脑的新人来说，其意义绝不亚于一场胜利。
为了目睹新版的Ubuntu是如何做到这一点的，我在两套系统上分别安装运行了beta版和发布版。第一套测试环境是我2007年产的Dell Inspiron 530S，搭载2.2GHz Intel奔腾 E2200双核处理器、4G内存、500GSATA串口硬盘，集成Intel 3100GMA显示芯片组。第二套测试环境是2008年入手的Gateway DX4710，搭载2.5GHz Intel酷睿2四核处理器，6G内存，1T串口硬盘，同样集成了Intel GMA 3100显卡。
安装过程小菜一碟。首先说明一下，我并没有尝试在有Windows 8 Secure Boot锁定的系统上安装Ubuntu，如果你想尝试的话，这里有[如何安装Ubuntu与Win8双系统的教程][4]，如果是其他使用统一可扩展固件接口(Unified Extensible Firmware Interface - UEFI)的系统，也可以看下这个教程。
安装过程中有个出色的新特性，就是安装的同时你可以登录并打开[Ubuntu One][5]的云端服务账户。Ubuntu One是一款类似Dropbox的存储服务，提供5G免费空间，[商业版费用为39.95美刀][6]，提供20G空间和音乐流媒体支持。该服务除了完美集成在Ubuntu系统中，你也可以在Windows、Mac OS、Android和IOS系统中使用它。
首先，安装完成后，我注意到的第一件事是，在我这两台老电脑上，Ubuntu 13.10运行非常流畅，就像在顶级配置的电脑上运行一样。（译者表示，这样的配置竟然还叫老电脑，让译者的1G内存情何以堪，你们有考虑过老闪龙的感受吗！）如果你的机子比我的还老，跑Windows 7以上的系统都嫌慢，并且比较在意即将结束的XP官方支持，可以考虑一下Ubuntu，或者其他易于上手的Linux发行版，比如Mint。
再来看看核心部分。首先，“俏皮的蝾螈”运行[Linux 3.11 内核][7]。
在此基础上，再看看图形架构，本来大家预测的是Mir，但是PC上的Mir暂时还没有准备好迎来它的黄金时期。内有Ubuntu家族中诸如[Kubuntu][8]的反对，[外有Intel的抵制][9]，Mir需要同时面对“内忧外患”。
最后的结果就是13.10将仍然默认使用老旧的Xorg-server 1.4.3。如果你富有冒险精神，可以选择尝试一下Mir。如果你想要在智能手机上运行Ubuntu，也就是传说中的[Ubuntu Touch，恰好，你就可以用到Mir][10]。
如果你是一个开发者，这是个大问题。但如果只是普通用户，你根本不必在意。例如，Valve公司基于Ubuntu的Steam系统上线后，Ubuntu仍将是最棒的Linux游戏平台。
在图形架构之上，Ubuntu搭载的是基于Unity 7接口的GNOME 3.8。最新的[Unity 8][11]强调使用屏幕边缘来控制计算机设备，但Unity 8只将在Ubuntu Touch 13.10中使用，默认并不会加入桌面版的13.10。
如果确实不习惯Unity，你也可以方便地在安装时去掉它。或者，你也可以使用其他[Ubuntu家族的Linux发行版][12]，例如面向KDE用户的Kubuntu，Cinnamon粉丝喜欢的Mint，又或者专门针对LXDE爱好者的[Lubuntu][13]。搭载Unity的Ubuntu主要为新手用户提供，你完全可以挑选你喜欢的任一款Ubuntu桌面系统。
在新版Ubuntu的软件包最终敲定之前，人们都以为它会选用Google浏览器Chrome的开源版本Chromium。但是最终，它还是选择了Firefox 24作为默认浏览器。
其他应用程序都将是Ubuntu或Linux桌面用户熟悉的面孔。办公套件为LibreOffice 4.12；邮件客户端为Thunderbird 24；照片编辑有Gimp 2.8.6，默认的音乐播放器为Rhythmbox 2.99.1。
对新用户来说，最值得一提的新特性将是[Smart Scopes][14](之前叫做Lens)。Lens最初被提出来的时候，其功能只是根据本地Unity Dash的搜索结果对Amazon的搜索结果进行整合。原本是作为默认功能的，但最终该特性被改为了可选。
在Ubuntu 13.10中，当你使用Unity Dash搜索时，不但可以使用Amazon，还可以选择Facebook、Google、Yelp以及其他多个在线Web页面。
它是如何工作的呢？当你在Unity Dash中输入一个搜索条目时，Ubuntu会尝试猜测最佳匹配项。例如，如果我搜索“最炫民族风”，它除了在我的电脑中搜索，还会在Web的音乐分类下进行搜索。
其中每个分类都有多个源或scopes，例如选择“参考”分类，会自动对应[维基百科][15]、在线词典[Wordnik][16]和[Zotero][17](一个Linux下的类似笔记管理软件)这三个源。
担心基于Web的搜索会泄露个人隐私？Ubuntu已经通过匿名搜索和匿名结果解决了这一问题。
如果说你仍然不想从桌面直接进行Web搜索，别担心，你可以在“设置/安全与隐私/搜索”中将它们全部关闭。或者，我建议通过以下步骤，只使用你信任的搜索引擎：
- 打开应用程序源（屌丝青年可以使用快捷键，Win键+A）
- 往下“滚”，一直滚到Dash插件
- 选择“See X more results.”
- 选择你想要禁止的源
- 点击“Disable”
坦白讲，经过一些修改，我很喜欢这个新功能，当然，Ubuntu 13.10的其他部分我也很喜欢。
经过几个星期的试用，Ubuntu 13.10一直运行良好。对我来说，它是一个流畅、安全、使用方便的桌面Linux。
尽管Unity不太合我个人的胃口，但我仍然认为，Shuttleworth已经成功地打造了一款所有人都可以使用的Linux桌面系统。不相信我？自己下载[俏皮的蝾螈][18]试试看吧~
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
![](http://cdn-static.zdnet.com/i/r/author/steven-j-vaughan-nichols-140x105.jpg)
**About Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols**
文章作者简介：
**Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols**，亦称sjvn，早在上世纪80年代，CP/M-80还是最前沿操作系统的时候，就开始撰写技术及商业文章。范围涵盖网络、Linux、开源以及操作系统。
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[1]:http://www.canonical.com/
[2]:http://www.ubuntu.com/
[3]:http://www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/671
[4]:https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI
[5]:https://one.ubuntu.com/
[6]:https://one.ubuntu.com/services
[7]:https://www.google.com/search?q=site:www.zdnet.com+Linuix+3.11
[8]:http://www.kubuntu.org/
[9]:http://cgit.freedesktop.org/xorg/driver/xf86-video-intel/commit/?id=58a7611
[10]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Mir/13.10/NoDefaultQ%26A
[11]:http://www.jonobacon.org/2013/08/27/ubuntu-in-a-nutshell-unity-and-convergence/
[12]:http://www.ubuntu.com/about/about-ubuntu/derivatives
[13]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Lubuntu
[14]:http://askubuntu.com/questions/310660/what-are-smart-scopes
[15]:http://www.wikipedia.org/
[16]:http://www.wordnik.com/
[17]:http://www.zotero.org/
[18]:http://releases.ubuntu.com/saucy

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Ubuntu 13.10: 绚丽的桌面引导界面
================================================================================
每版的Ubuntu都包含默认的桌面引导界面和帮助文档来帮助用户快捷地熟悉相关特性和功能。
基本上，Ubuntu桌面引导界面都是通过用户点击下一步的方式将信息分类展现给用户的，
同时也允许用户点击一键跳过的方式来快速领会引导信息的。比如，在引导界面展示给
用户的时候，用户可以发现一些可点击的链接（比如,"Ubuntu13.10有哪些新特性？，
声音、视频和图像，文件、文件夹和搜索"），点击相应的链接时，引导界面就会出现
你想看到的信息，这些信息中也会有其他的一些链接。
Ubuntu13.10一贯的采用蝾螈的色彩，取消了以往过于精细的引导风格，取而代之的是更新式的引导风格。
![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/Ubuntu%20Desktop%20Guide%2013.10%20updated.png)
桌面导航启动后，一些详细的信息会在如图所示界面中展示给用户，比如,“Ubuntu13.10有哪些新特性？”让初用者对强大的Ubuntu13.10系统有更好的理解
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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译者：[Timeszoro][] 校对：[jasminepeng][]
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Ubuntu 13.10 vs. Ubuntu 13.04: Reasons to Upgrade
================================================================================
**Ubuntu 13.10(Saucy Salamander) 于8月17日发布，但是来自之前Canonical操作系统的用户就有疑问了，新的版本似乎并没有添加多
少新的特性，有鉴于此，为什么他们要更新呢。
Ubuntu 13.04 (Raring Ringtail)，相较而言，令人乏味，但是人们并没有意识到Ubuntu每一次发布的背后都意味着需要完成大
量的工作,即使初看起来没有太大的变动。
那么，对于普通用户来说如果新的版本并没有显著的变更，为什么还要升级到 Ubuntu 13.10呢？事实上,初看起来似乎几乎没什
么变化，然而许多东西已经升级改善,这就很好啊(多数情况下是这样)。
当然，最重要的一点，发布新的linux内核3.11.x，是目前为止最新的稳定版本。新内核版本支持更多的设备和硬件组件，更好的
电源管理性能，还有很多很多其他方面的改善。
GNOME 也可以升级了。Canonical 支持 Unity 桌面环境，但是任然使用许多GNOME的包。Ubuntu 13.10 (Saucy Salamander) 自带
有来自3.8 分支的应用，这些应用都非常棒,对偏好Ubuntu GNOME的用户来说尤其如此。
相对于之前的Lens 特色，Smart Scopes仍然有大的改善：更好的集成并且提供更多的定向解答。
安全性设置全面检修，现在用户可以对系统产生的流量有更多控制权。用户可以停止自己的PC或者laptop和Canonical服务器之间
的通信。
Ubuntu 13.10 也为软件包格式奠定了基石。迄今，所有Ubuntu应用都是以deb格式提供的。不过用户需要事先安装相关依赖项，
或者用户选择自己单独安装。
使用新的点选模式, 所有的依赖项都可以同多包本身获得，这就意味着, 只要应用开发者使用的是ubuntu SDK, 用户就不会再碰到
任何与当前使用版本不兼容的软件包。
最后，Unity得以大量改善，理应比任何以前的ubun版本工作得更出色。
如果这些缘由仍然不足以说服你升级ubuntu，那就只有等待Ubuntu 14.04 LTS的发行了。不过不保证新的版本会看起来跟Ubuntu
13.10有多么大的不同。
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天气预报软件有了细微的颜色改进
================================================================================
正如最近几个月所见，Ubuntu渐渐汇聚的是获得了大量的软件，这些软件涵盖了底层的系统服务，新的Unity 8界面程序和Ubuntu开发人员专用的应用程序，另外还有一些正由能力较强的第三方开发者、Ubuntu开发者和Ubuntu设计者通力合作来联合生产的[核心的应用][1]程序。
最近几周，[天气预报软件][2]已经有了很多的优化和改进,这些使该软件日趋完美的努力是为了在不久的将来提供一个稳定版本的天气预报应用。
天气预报应用程序自身支持多城市和丰富的天气值，这些天气值(比如说摄氏度)的表达和预先设定的颜色有关；比如，20摄氏度就用桔红色表示，而比较低的温度则用灰绿色表示。
现在，天气预报应用已经更新到了一个小而有趣的版本，该版本不仅修复了一些bug，同时也为在视觉上生动地渲染色调方面带来了更多的暗颜色。
也就是说，高温（比如20摄氏度）仍然是与以前一样的桔红色，但是其色彩的生动性因消除了光线的百分比而降低了，同时也添加了细微但明显的暗色调。
以更多冷色调为特点的天气颜色比以前更加赏心悦目了。
![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/ols%20vs%20new%20weather%20app.png)
![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/old%20vs%20new%202%20weather%20beijing.png)
那么我们如何安装天气预报软件3.0呢？
添加下面的官方PPA（Ubuntu 13.04，Ubuntu 13.10）就可以了。
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-sdk-team/ppa && sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-touch-coreapps-drivers/daily
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-sdk ubuntu-weather-app
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[1]:https://launchpad.net/ubuntu-phone-coreapps
[2]:https://launchpad.net/ubuntu-weather-app

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iLinux是Linux平台最大的自定义图标收藏铺
---
**iLinux图标可能是Linux平台上最大的图标收藏铺，它的创作灵感来源于Linux，Windows和Mac OS系统。**
![](https://github-camo.global.ssl.fastly.net/bbfa0bed6fdb30515c20e8fe4f71321f94164a12/687474703a2f2f69312d6e6577732e736f667470656469612d7374617469632e636f6d2f696d616765732f6e657773322f694c696e75782d49732d7468652d4c6172676573742d436f6c6c656374696f6e2d6f662d437573746f6d2d49636f6e732d6f6e2d7468652d4c696e75782d506c6174666f726d2d3339303531392d322e706e67)
在Linux平台可用的高品质图标甚少，即使有几百种可用包。
iLinux图标的开发商设法获得那些类似的图标（在一些情况下甚至优于那些）在三个不同的平台：Ubuntu，Windows和Mac OS。
安装非常简单，可以用一个简单的PPA帮助。只需在终端中输入以下命令：
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/icons2
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ilinux-icons
为了应用这些图标你还需要Ubuntu Tweak或GNOME Tweak Tool。你还可以查看开发商的[官方网站][1]的更多信息。
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[1]:http://haniahmed.deviantart.com/art/iLinux-icons-v-8-5-354470161