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这篇儿跟哲学似的，晦涩难懂！困死了，睡觉去~
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Technology Trumps Dogma, And Other Open Source Insights
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技术胜过教条——关于开源的一些见解
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Marten Mickos is one of the most respected leaders in open source. Here's why.
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为何Marten Mickos 是开源领域中最受尊敬的领导者之一，本文将告诉你原因。
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A few weeks back I asked Marten Mickos ([@martenmickos](https://twitter.com/martenmickos)), CEO of Eucalyptus Systems, to [comment on the changing face of open source](http://readwrite.com/2013/08/27/linux-turns-22-but-open-source-is-eternal#awesm=~oh8KYvjJatv2EW)</a>. He did, and with the usual Mickos style. Unfortunately, a whole lot of great commentary had to be cut for space reasons.
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Given the brilliant insights Mickos offered, I wanted to share his comments in their entirety here. Mickos helped make MySQL arguably the most popular database on the planet, and is trying to achieve similar success with an open source cloud offering.
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几周前，我访问了Eucalyptus System的CEO Marten Mickos，想请他[就开源领域中的人员构成变化问题发表一些看法](http://readwrite.com/2013/08/27/linux-turns-22-but-open-source-is-eternal#awesm=~oh8KYvjJatv2EW)。他也确实这么做了，而且是用明显的Mickos风格。
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With a string of successes—and failures—under his belt, Mickos had multiple pearls of open source wisdom to share. For instance while open-source developers have long eschewed corporate influence on open-source projects, Mickos starts by reminds us that money is critical for funding development, not to mention marketing, documentation, etc. The myth of a peace-loving, cashless open source existence is just that: a myth.
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**On the importance of money to open source...**
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我本打算分享Mickos所有天才般的见解，但不幸的是，由于篇幅限制，很多精彩言论只能被迫砍掉。Mickos曾经帮助MySQL成为世界上最受欢迎的数据库，如今，他正尝试让一个开源云计算产品达到同样的高度。
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Without money, open source will die.
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经历过多次成功与失败后，Mickos有无数有关开源的智慧分享给我们。例如当开源开发者一直在努力回避企业对某一个开源项目的影响时，Mickos却提醒我们，金钱是至关重要的发展资金，更何况营销和文档。那种爱好和平拒绝金钱的开源项目只能是一个神话。
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**On the foundational principle behind open source business strategy...**
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Some people will spend any amount of time to save money. Some will spend money to save time.
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**金钱对于开源的重要性...**
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**On the changing face of the open source developer...**
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没有钱，开源就是死路一条。
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Back then it seemed that open source developers were true cowboys—out on their own, following their own individual paths, valuing their nearly unlimited freedom. Today, many open source developers are happy to be salaried employees of companies that don't really stand for open source on a corporate level (Google, HP, IBM, Oracle, etc.). When they make public presentations, they have to state that what they say is their own opinion and not necessarily an official statement of the company they represent. There is a voluntary submissiveness today that wasn't as common before.
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**开源商业化战略背后的基本原则...**
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**On the role of copyleft licensing and governance...**
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有些人为了省钱浪费大把时间，有人却花钱来节约时间。
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The purpose of the FOSS license and the governance model is not really to enable like-minded people to collaborate, although that's a benefit too. It's about enabling unlike-minded people to collaborate. The beauty of open source is that people who dislike each other can produce code for the same product.
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**开源开发者的人员构成变化...**
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**On leadership...**
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过去，开源社区的开发者们看起来都像是真正的牛仔——时刻表现出真正的自己，遵循自己的个性道路，追寻他们几乎无限的自由。今天，许多开源社区的开发者们却很乐意受雇于与开源精神相悖的大公司（例如Google，HP，IBM，Oracle等等）。当他们发表公众言论的时候，还会标明其言论仅代表自己的个人观点，并非所在公司的官方声明。和过去相比，如今自愿的服从已经很普遍。
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Even in a meritocracy, even in peer-production models, people look for leaders.
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**非盈利版权授权及管理的作用...**
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**On critical feedback...**
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FOSS（Free Open Source Software自由及开源软件）许可证及其管理模式的目的并不是为了让志趣相投的人们协作在一起，尽管它也有这个效果。FOSS是为了让意见不一致的人们在一起协作。开源的美丽就在于能够让不同的人们为相同的产品贡献代码。
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If you, on a sustaining basis, can truly love harsh feedback and if you can truly show enthusiasm and appreciation for contributions of whatever magnitude and type, you can be wonderfully successful in open source.
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**领袖...**
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When people complain about your open source project, you need to hear them as saying "I would love to love you, but right now I cannot."
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无论在精英制度中还是在大众生产模式中，人们都需要领袖。
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If nobody is opposed to your open source product/project, you are not really being popular. \[This jibes well with my own observations of [haters being a leading indicator of success](http://readwrite.com/2013/02/25/haters-as-a-leading-indicator-of-success#awesm=~oh8MUh09kvHxy3).\]
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**批评性意见...**
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**On the role of branding...**
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在可持续发展的基础上，如果你能真正热爱严厉的批评，如果你能对别人的贡献无论大小与类型，都真正表现出无比的热情与感激，你一定能在开源领域获得无比的成功。
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More than a question of licensing, it's a question of branding. Red Hat took their open source brand "Red Hat" and made it commercial only. Then they established Fedora as the non-commercial brand. MySQL and JBoss did the opposite: they kept one unified brand for both community and commercial use. When you fork, you must use a different name, because branding is not included in the open source licenses.
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当人们抱怨你的开源项目时，你只需要记住：忠言逆耳。他们其实是爱你的。
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**On apparent inconsistencies in open source "theology"...**
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如果没有人反对你的开源产品或项目，其实你并不是真的受欢迎。[反对者恰恰是你通向成功的路标](http://readwrite.com/2013/02/25/haters-as-a-leading-indicator-of-success#awesm=~oh8MUh09kvHxy3)。
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Open source people can be dogmatic, especially about others. They will eagerly demand that some project behave in this or that way for reasons of orthodoxy and purity. But they will at the same time merrily use closed systems such as iBooks because they admire those products. Technology trumps dogma. Coolness is key. All of this I say not as a complaint, but as an observation. To succeed in open source, you must learn to live with it and make the most of it.
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**On changes to open source in the past 10 years...**
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**品牌的作用...**
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People didn't know what it was, how it worked, why people did it, how it could produce great software, why it wouldn't self-die, etc. That's why the LAMP stack made it onto the front page of *Fortune* Magazine—it was so new and intriguing. Today people know open source and they know it's an essential part of the software world.
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Incumbents fought it. Now they embrace it (or at least pretend to).
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授权问题同时更多的是一个品牌问题。红帽将他们的开源社区冠以“Red Hat”品牌并商业化后，还建立了非商业化品牌Fedora。MySQL和JBoss却恰好相反，他们从社区到商用都使用同一个品牌。当你fork的时候，因为该品牌并未包含在开源授权许可中，所以你必须使用不同的名字。
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Those who did open source just did it. There were very few people blogging about the meaning of open source, thinking about the business models, etc. Today you have those who code, those who lead communities, those who test, those who use, those who make money, those who write about it, etc.
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Licensing was a big issue then, for good reasons. Now it's much less of a topic.
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Back then it was relatively few projects with relatively few people in them. Today there are probably 100-1000X the number of projects.
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**开源"神学"中显著的不一致性...**
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Back then the infrastructure didn't exist. Today we have Wiki, Github, Jira and other services that make it obvious how to run and govern an open source project.
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开源的人可能是教条主义的，特别是对别人。出于正统或纯洁性，他们会急切的要求一些项目按照这样或那样的方式进行。但是同时他们却愉快地使用诸如iBooks这样的封闭系统，因为他们崇拜这些产品。技术胜过教条。冷静是关键。关于所有这些我所说的并不是抱怨，而是一种观察。要在开源中成功，你必须学会接受它并善加利用。
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Ten years ago people would download distributions. Now they upload images (to the cloud).
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**开源过去十年来的变化...**
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**On what hasn't changed in open source over the past 10 years...**
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过去，人们不知道它是什么，如何工作，为何这么做，怎样创造出伟大的软件，为何它没有自生自灭等等。这也是为什么LAMP能够将它推向财富杂志的封面——它是如此新颖和迷人。今天，人们知道开源，还知道开源是软件世界不可或缺的一部分。过去，当权者反对它；今天，当权者拥抱它(至少假装如此)。
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Still a lot of unbridled enthusiasm, often bordering on naïveté—with all the amazing upsides and inevitable downsides that this will bring.
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Open source still attracts outstanding talent.
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过去，做开源的人只有非常少的一部分人，他们关注开源本身，在博客中讨论开源的意义，思考开源的商业模式。今天，做开源的人包括程序员、社区领袖、测试人员、使用者、投资者还有作家。
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过去，无论从哪方面看，授权都是很大的一个问题。今天，它只是一个话题而已。
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过去，开源只涉及到少部分项目中的少部分人。今天，这类项目的数字大概增加了100-1000倍。
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过去，开源的相关基础设施并不存在。今天，我们有Wiki，Github，Jira等服务，方便地告诉我们如何运行和管理一个开源项目。
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十年前，人们愿意下载发行版。今天,人们上传镜像(到云端)。
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**开源过去十年来未曾改变的...**
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仍然有大量肆无忌惮的狂热者，他们常常已经接近“很傻很天真”的边缘，他们为开源带来令人震惊的收获，但同时也不可避免地带来一些缺点。
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开源仍然吸引着优秀的天才。
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最成功的开源项目往往以开发者为目标。而那些供普通消费者或非技术人员使用的产品往往并不成功。但往往也有一些著名的例外，例如Firefox,Android,也许OpenOffice也算一个。
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The most successful open source projects are those that target developers. Products that are supposed to be used by consumers or other non-technical people generally don't do as well. But there are notable exceptions, as always, such as Firefox, Android and perhaps OpenOffice.
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via:http://readwrite.com/2013/09/13/marten-mickos-interview-open-source-mysql-eucalyptus#awesm=~ohyLw9yLiVE59U
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本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
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译者：[译者ID][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
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译者：[Mr小眼儿][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
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[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
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[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
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[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/译者ID
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[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/14801
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[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
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