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translated/tech/20201002 How to Free Up Space in -boot Partition on Ubuntu Linux.md → published/20201002 How to Free Up Space in -boot Partition on Ubuntu Linux.md
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@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
[#]: collector: (lujun9972) [#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (robsean) [#]: translator: (robsean)
[#]: reviewer: ( ) [#]: reviewer: (wxy)
[#]: publisher: ( ) [#]: publisher: (wxy)
[#]: url: ( ) [#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-12779-1.html)
[#]: subject: (How to Free Up Space in /boot Partition on Ubuntu Linux?) [#]: subject: (How to Free Up Space in /boot Partition on Ubuntu Linux?)
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/free-boot-partition-ubuntu/) [#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/free-boot-partition-ubuntu/)
[#]: author: (Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/) [#]: author: (Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/)
@ -10,13 +10,13 @@
如何在 Ubuntu Linux 上释放 /boot 分区的空间？ 如何在 Ubuntu Linux 上释放 /boot 分区的空间？
====== ======
前几天，我收到一个警告，/boot 分区已经几乎满了或者已经没有剩余空间了。是的，我有一个独立的 /boot 分区，我相信现在很少有人这样做了。 前几天，我收到一个警告，`/boot` 分区已经几乎满了，没有剩余空间了。是的，我有一个独立的 `/boot` 分区，我相信现在很少有人这样做了。（LCTT 译注：个人认为保留单独的 /boot 分区是个好的运维经验，除此以外，/tmp、/var 也单独划定分区比较好。）
这是我第一次看到这样一个错误，它让我很迷惑。现在，这里有一些 [方法来释放在 Ubuntu 上的分区][1] (或者基于 Ubuntu 的发行版) ，但是在这种情况下并不是所有的方法都能用。 这是我第一次看到这样一个错误，它让我很迷惑。现在，这里有一些 [方法来释放在 Ubuntu （或基于 Ubuntu 的分区）上的分区][1] ，但是在这种情况下并不是所有的方法都能用。
这就是为什么我决定写这些我释放 /boot 分区空间的步骤的原因。 这就是为什么我决定写这些我释放 `/boot` 分区空间的步骤的原因。
### 如何在 Ubuntu 上释放 /boot 分区的空间(如果你的 /boot 分区空间不足) ### 如何在 Ubuntu 上释放 /boot 分区的空间
![][2] ![][2]
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
#### 方法 1: 使用 apt autoremove #### 方法 1: 使用 apt autoremove
你不必是一名终端专家来做这件事，它只需要一个命令，你将移除未使用的内核来释放 /boot 分区中是空间。 你不必是一名终端专家来做这件事，它只需要一个命令，你将移除未使用的内核来释放 `/boot` 分区中是空间。
你所有要做的事情是，输入: 你所有要做的事情是，输入:
@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
sudo apt autoremove sudo apt autoremove
``` ```
这个命令不仅仅可以移除未使用的内核，而且也将摆脱你不需要的或工具安装后所不需要的依赖项。 这个命令不仅仅可以移除未使用的内核，而且也将移除你不需要的或工具安装后所不需要的依赖项。
在你输入命令后，它将列出将被移除的东西，你只需要确认操作即可。如果你很好奇它将移除什么，你可以仔细检查一下看看它实际移除了什么。 在你输入命令后，它将列出将被移除的东西，你只需要确认操作即可。如果你很好奇它将移除什么，你可以仔细检查一下看看它实际移除了什么。
@ -40,13 +40,13 @@ sudo apt autoremove
![][3] ![][3]
你必需按 **Y** 按键来继续。 你必须按 `Y` 按键来继续。
_**值得注意的是，这种方法只在你仅剩余一点点空间并并且得到警告的情况下才有效。但是，如果你的 /boot 分区已经满了，APT 甚至可能不会工作。**_ **值得注意的是，这种方法只在你还剩余一点点空间，并且得到警告的情况下才有效。但是，如果你的 `/boot` 分区已经满了，APT 甚至可能不会工作。**
在接下来的方法中，我将重点介绍两种不同的方法，通过这些方法你可以使用 GUI 和终端来移除旧内核来释放空间。 在接下来的方法中，我将重点介绍两种不同的方法，通过这些方法你可以使用 GUI 和终端来移除旧内核来释放空间。
#### 方法 2: 手动移除未使用的内核(如果 apt autoremove 不工作的话) #### 方法 2: 手动移除未使用的内核
在你尝试 [移除一些旧内核][4] 来释放空间前，你需要识别当前活动的内核，并且确保你不会删除它。 在你尝试 [移除一些旧内核][4] 来释放空间前，你需要识别当前活动的内核，并且确保你不会删除它。
@ -56,43 +56,43 @@ _**值得注意的是，这种方法只在你仅剩余一点点空间并并且
uname -r uname -r
``` ```
[uname 命令通常用于获取 Linux 系统信息][6] 。在这里，这个命令显示当前正在被使用的 Linux 内核。它看起来应该是这样: [uname 命令通常用于获取 Linux 系统信息][6]。在这里，这个命令显示当前正在被使用的 Linux 内核。它看起来应该是这样:
![][7] ![][7]
现在，你已经知道你当前的 Linux 内核是什么，你必需移除一个不同于这个版本内核的内核。你应该把它记录在某些地方，以便你不会不知不觉地移除它。 现在，你已经知道你当前的 Linux 内核是什么，你必须移除一个不同于这个版本的内核。你应该把它记录在某些地方，以便你不会不知不觉地移除它。
接下来，要移除它，你可以使用终端或 GUI . 接下来，要移除它，你可以使用终端或 GUI。
警告! > 警告!
>
在删除内核时一定要额外的小心。只识别和删除旧内核，而不是当前你正在使用的内核，否则你将会拥有一个残缺的系统。 > 在删除内核时一定要额外的小心。只识别和删除旧内核，而不是当前你正在使用的内核，否则你将会拥有一个残缺的系统。
##### 使用一个 GUI 工具来移除旧的 Linux 内核 ##### 使用一个 GUI 工具来移除旧的 Linux 内核
你可以使用 [Synaptic 软件包管理器][8] 或一个类似 [Stacer][9] 的工具来开始。就我个人而言，当我遇到一个满满的 /boot 分区且 apt 损坏是，我使用 [Stacer][6] 来丢弃旧内核。因此，让我向你展示一下它看起的样子。 你可以使用 [Synaptic 软件包管理器][8] 或一个类似 [Stacer][9] 的工具来开始。就我个人而言，当我遇到一个满满的 `/boot` 分区且 APT 损坏时，我使用 [Stacer][6] 来丢弃旧内核。因此，让我向你展示一下它看起的样子。
首先，你需要启动 “**Stacer**” ，然后导航到软件包卸载器，如下面屏幕截图所示。 首先，你需要启动 Stacer ，然后导航到软件包卸载器，如下面屏幕截图所示。
![][10] ![][10]
在这里，搜索 “**image**” ，你将找到你所拥有的 Linux 内核。你只需要删除旧内核版本的镜像，而不是当前内核的镜像。 在这里，搜索 “image” ，你将找到你所拥有的 Linux 内核。你只需要删除旧内核版本的镜像，而不是当前内核的镜像。
在上面的屏幕截图中，我已经指出了我系统上的当前内核和旧内核，因此你必需注意你系统上的内核。 在上面的屏幕截图中，我已经指出了我系统上的当前内核和旧内核，因此你必须注意你系统上的内核。
你没有必要删除任何其它东西，只需要删除旧的内核版本。 你没有必要删除任何其它东西，只需要删除旧的内核版本。
同样的，只需要在软件包列表中搜索 “**headers**” ，并删除如下显示的旧的 “**headers**” 版本。 同样的，只需要在软件包列表中搜索 “headers” ，并删除如下显示的旧的 “headers” 版本。
![][11] ![][11]
只是提醒你，你 **不希望移除 “linux-headers-generic”** 。只是关注那些与其相关的有版本号的。 作为提醒，你 **不会希望移除 `linux-headers-generic`** 。只关注一下那些与其相关的有版本号的就行。
然后，就这样，你完成了所有的工作，apt 将会再次工作，并且你将成功地释放来自 /boot 分区的一些空间。同样地，你也可以使用任意其它的软件包管理器来完成这些工作。 然后，就这样，你完成了所有的工作，APT 将会再次工作，并且你将成功地释放来自 `/boot` 分区的一些空间。同样地，你也可以使用任意其它的软件包管理器来完成这些工作。
#### 使用命令行来移除旧内核 #### 使用命令行来移除旧内核
使用命令行来移除旧内核与使用 GUI 来移除旧内核是一样的。因此，如果你没有选择使用一款 GUI 软件 (如果它是一台远程机器/一项远程服务) 的权利，或者如果你只是对终端情有独钟，你可以仿效下面的步骤。 使用命令行来移除旧内核与使用 GUI 来移除旧内核是一样的。因此，如果你没有选择使用 GUI 软件（如果它是一台远程机器/一项远程服务）的权利，或者如果你只是对终端情有独钟，你可以仿效下面的步骤。
首先，使用下面的命令列出所有已安装的内核: 首先，使用下面的命令列出所有已安装的内核:
@ -104,15 +104,15 @@ ls -l /boot
![][12] ![][12]
写为 “**old**” 的内核，或者不匹配你当前内核版本，都是未使用的内核，你可以删除它们。 标记为 “old” 的内核，或者不匹配你当前内核版本，都是未使用的内核，你可以删除它们。
现在，你可以使用 **rm** 命令来移除具体指定来自 /boot 分区中的内核，使用下面的命令(一个命令对应一个内核): 现在，你可以使用 `rm` 命令来移除具体指定来自 `/boot` 分区中的内核，使用下面的命令（一个命令对应一个内核）：
``` ```
sudo rm /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-7634-generic sudo rm /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-7634-generic
``` ```
务必检查你发系统的版本 — 它可能与你的系统的版本不同。 务必检查系统的版本 — 这里可能与你的系统的版本不同。
如果你有很多未使用的内核，这将需要一些时间。因此，你也可以下面的命令丢弃多个内核: 如果你有很多未使用的内核，这将需要一些时间。因此，你也可以下面的命令丢弃多个内核:
@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ sudo rm /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-7634-generic
sudo rm /boot/*-5.4.0-{7634}-* sudo rm /boot/*-5.4.0-{7634}-*
``` ```
为了澄清这一点，你需要用逗号分隔内核版本号的最后一部分/编码，以便同时删除它们。 为了清晰起见，你需要用逗号分隔内核版本号的最后一部分/编码，以便同时删除它们。
假设，我有两个旧的内核 5.4.0-7634-generic 和 5.4.0-7624 ，那么命令将是: 假设，我有两个旧的内核 5.4.0-7634-generic 和 5.4.0-7624 ，那么命令将是:
@ -128,15 +128,15 @@ sudo rm /boot/*-5.4.0-{7634}-*
sudo rm /boot/*-5.4.0-{7634,7624}-* sudo rm /boot/*-5.4.0-{7634,7624}-*
``` ```
如果你不希望在 grub 启动菜单中再看到这些旧的内核版本，你可以使用下面的命令简单地 [更新 grub][13] : 如果你不希望在 grub 启动菜单中再看到这些旧的内核版本，你可以使用下面的命令简单地 [更新 grub][13]：
``` ```
sudo update-grub sudo update-grub
``` ```
就这样，你完成了所有的工作。你已经释放了空间，还修复了可能潜在的破损的 APT 问题，如果它是一个在你的 /boot 分区填满后出现的重要的问题的话。 就这样，你完成了所有的工作。你已经释放了空间，还修复了可能潜在的破损的 APT 问题，如果它是一个在你的 `/boot` 分区填满后出现的重要的问题的话。
在一些情况下，你需要输入这些命令来修复破损的 (正如我在论坛中注意到的): 在一些情况下，你需要输入这些命令来修复破损的（正如我在论坛中注意到的）：
``` ```
sudo dpkg --configure -a sudo dpkg --configure -a
@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/free-boot-partition-ubuntu/
作者：[Ankush Das][a] 作者：[Ankush Das][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b] 选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean) 译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

66
sources/talk/20190925 Most enterprise networks can-t handle big data loads.md
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (chenmu-kk)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (Most enterprise networks can't handle big data loads)
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3440519/most-enterprise-networks-cant-handle-big-data-loads.html)
[#]: author: (Andy Patrizio https://www.networkworld.com/author/Andy-Patrizio/)
Most enterprise networks can't handle big data loads
======
As more data moves through the network, efforts to keep up are lagging due to leadership and technology issues.
Metamorworks / Getty Images
Another week, another survey that finds IT cannot keep up with the ever-expanding data overload. This time the problem surrounds network bandwidth and overall performance.
[A survey of 300 IT professionals][1] conducted by management consultant firm Accenture found the majority feel their enterprise networks are not up to the task of handling big data and internet of things (IoT) deployments. Only 43% of those companies polled said their networks are ready to support the cloud, IoT, and other digital technologies.
**[ Learn more about SDN: Find out [where SDN is going][2] and learn the [difference between SDN and NFV][3]. | Get regularly scheduled insights: [Sign up for Network World newsletters][4]. ]**
A key reason (58%) is a “misalignment between IT and business needs” that is slowing those rollouts. That is an unusual finding, since 85% of respondents also reported that their networks were completely or mostly ready to support the business’ digital initiatives. So which is it?
The second and third most commonly cited barriers were “inherent complexities between business requirements and operational needs” and “demands for bandwidth, performance, etc. outpacing the ability to deliver” at 45% each.
Network bottlenecks continue to grow as the sheer amount of data being pumped over the wires continues to increase thanks to analytics and other big data technologies. The survey found that bandwidth demands were not being met and current network performance continues to fall short.
Other reasons cited were lack of networking skills, device sprawl, and aging equipment.
### One solution to network performance woes: SDN
Accenture found that most firms said [software-defined networks (SDN)][5] were the solution for bandwidth and performance challenges, with 77% of those surveyed reporting they were in the process of deploying SDN or have completed the deployment. It qualified that, noting that while SDN may be in place in parts of the organization, it is not always rolled out uniformly enterprise-wide.
**** From HPE: [ITaaS and Corporate Storage Technology][6]: This blog explains why pay-per-use IT models, such as ITaaS, could be the next chapter in IT infrastructure. (Sponsored) ****
Now, while it seems no one ever has enough budget for all of their IT ambitions, 31% of those surveyed describe funding network improvements as “easy” and within the network infrastructure team’s control, with CIOs/CTOs being much more likely to report the funding process as “easy” (40%), compared to their direct reports (13%) or directors and vice presidents of infrastructure/network (19%). 
Saying, "Legacy networks alone cannot support the innovation and performance required in the digital age," the report calls for embracing new technologies, without saying SDN by name. It also called for greater collaboration between the C suite and their direct reports because it was clear there was a disconnect between how the two sides viewed things.
"We believe a new network paradigm is needed to ensure networks meet current and future business needs. However, although there are signs of progress, the pace of change is slow. Companies must undertake significant work before they achieve a unified and standardized enterprise capability that will offer the bandwidth, performance and security necessary to support business needs today—and tomorrow," the report concluded.
**[ Now see: [How network pros acquire skills for SDN, programmable networks][7] ]**
Join the Network World communities on [Facebook][8] and [LinkedIn][9] to comment on topics that are top of mind.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3440519/most-enterprise-networks-cant-handle-big-data-loads.html
作者：[Andy Patrizio][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Andy-Patrizio/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://www.accenture.com/_acnmedia/pdf-107/accenture-network-readiness-survey.pdf#zoom=50
[2]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3209131/lan-wan/what-sdn-is-and-where-its-going.html
[3]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3206709/lan-wan/what-s-the-difference-between-sdn-and-nfv.html
[4]: https://www.networkworld.com/newsletters/signup.html
[5]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3209131/what-sdn-is-and-where-its-going.html
[6]: https://www.networkworld.com/blog/itaas-and-the-corporate-storage-technology/
[7]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3405522/how-network-pros-acquire-skills-for-sdn-programmable-networks.html
[8]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
[9]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world

104
sources/tech/20201021 5 open source tools I can-t live without.md
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (5 open source tools I can't live without)
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/10/open-source-tools)
[#]: author: (Victoria Martinez de la Cruz https://opensource.com/users/vkmc)
5 open source tools I can't live without
======
Increase your productivity inside and outside the terminal by keeping
these tools in your own bag of tricks.
![woman on laptop sitting at the window][1]
Some time ago, I engaged with a Twitter thread that went viral among techies. The challenge? Pick only five tools that you cannot live without. I started to think about this in relation to my everyday life, and picking just five tools was not easy. I use many tools that I consider essential, such as my [IRC][2] client to connect with my colleagues and friends (yes, I still use IRC), a good text editor to hack on things, a calendar app to keep organized, and a videoconferencing platform when more direct interaction is needed.
So let me put a twist on this challenge: Pick just five open source tools that boost your productivity. Here's my list; please share yours in the comments.
### tmate
![tmate screenshot][3]
(Victoria Marinez de la Cruz, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4])
Oh, I love this tool. tmate is a fork of the well-known [tmux][5] terminal multiplexer that allows you to start a tmux session and share it over SSH. You can use it for [pair programming][6] (which is my primary use case) or for remote control.
If you collaborate often with your team members, and you want an easy, distro-agnostic, open source way to program with them (and sharing terminal access is enough for you), this is definitely a must-add to your list.
Get more info on [tmate's website][7], or check out the code on [GitHub][8].
### ix
ix is a command-line pastebin. You don't need to install anything; you can create new pastes just by `curl`ing to the [ix.io][9] site. For example, `echo Hello world. | curl -F 'f:1=<-' ix.io` will give you a link to ix.io where the message "Hello world" is pasted. This is very convenient when you want to share logs for debugging purposes or to save config files in servers where you don't have a desktop environment.
One downside is that the source code is not yet published, even though it is intended to be free and open source. If you are the author and are reading this post, please post the code so that we can contribute to the polishing process.
### asciinema
Yes, this is another terminal tool. asciinema allows you to record your terminal. There are many ways to use it, but I generally use it to make demos for presentations. It's very easy to use, and there are packages available for many Linux distributions and other platforms.
To see how it works, check out this [cool demo][10]. Isn't it great?
Get more information on [asciinema's website][11] and access its source code on [GitHub][12].
### GNOME Pomodoro
![pomodoro timer gnome][13]
(Victoria Martinez de la Cruz, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4])
OK, that's enough with the terminal tools. Now I want to share this simple gem for getting and staying organized. Have you heard about the [Pomodoro Technique][14]? Pomodoro is basically a time-management tool. It uses a tomato-shaped timer that helps you split your time into work chunks and breaks (by default, 25 minutes of work followed by five-minute breaks). And, after every four pomodoros, you take a longer break (15 minutes by default). The idea is that you stay focused during the work time, and you stretch and relax on the breaks.
This sounds very, very simple, and you might be hesitant to allow a tomato-shaped clock to control your life, but it definitely helped me get better organized and avoid exhaustion when trying to focus on many things at the same time.
Whatever your role, I highly recommend this practice. And among the many different tools that implement it, I recommend the GNOME Pomodoro app. It's available for major GNU/Linux distros, so it requires that you use the GNOME desktop environment (this might be its downside).
Check out more information on [GNOME Pomodoro's website][15], and access its [GitHub][16] repo to get the source code and learn how you can contribute.
### Jitsi
Last but not least is Jitsi. When you're working on a remote, globally distributed team, you need a way to connect with people. Instant messaging is good, but sometimes it's better to have a quick meeting to discuss things face to face (well, seeing each other faces). There are a lot of [videoconferencing tools][17] available, but I like Jitsi a lot. Not only because it's free and open source, but also because it provides a clean, functional interface. You can set up your own Jitsi server (for business purposes), but you can also try out a public Jitsi instance by going to the [Jitsi Meet][18] website.
A good practice for setting up this kind of meeting: use it only when you have a clear agenda in mind. And always ask yourself, can this meeting be an email instead? Follow these guidelines and use Jitsi with caution, and your workday will be extremely productive!
Learn more on [Jitsi's website][19] and start contributing by accessing its [GitHub][20] repository.
* * *
I hope my list helps you reach the next level in productivity. What are your five, can't-do-without-them, open source productivity tools? Let me know in the comments!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/10/open-source-tools
作者：[Victoria Martinez de la Cruz][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/vkmc
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/lenovo-thinkpad-laptop-window-focus.png?itok=g0xPm2kD (young woman working on a laptop)
[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat
[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/pictures/tmate-opensource.jpg (tmate screenshot)
[4]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
[5]: https://opensource.com/article/20/7/tmux-cheat-sheet
[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pair_programming
[7]: https://tmate.io/
[8]: https://github.com/tmate-io/tmate
[9]: http://ix.io/
[10]: https://asciinema.org/a/239367
[11]: https://asciinema.org/
[12]: https://github.com/asciinema/asciinema
[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/pictures/pomodoro_timer_gnome.jpg (pomodoro timer gnome)
[14]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomodoro_Technique
[15]: https://gnomepomodoro.org/
[16]: https://github.com/codito/gnome-pomodoro
[17]: https://opensource.com/article/20/5/open-source-video-conferencing
[18]: https://meet.jit.si/
[19]: https://jitsi.org/
[20]: https://github.com/jitsi

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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (wxy)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (How to Use apt-cache Command in Debian, Ubuntu and Other Linux Distributions)
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/apt-cache-command/)
[#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/)
How to Use apt-cache Command in Debian, Ubuntu and Other Linux Distributions
======
_**With apt-cache command, you can search for package details in the local APT cache. Learn to use apt-cache command in this tutorial.**_
### What is apt-cache command used for?
The [apt][1] [package manager][2] works on a local cache of package metadata. The metadata usually consists information like package name, version, description, dependencies, its repository and developers. With the apt-cache command, you can query this local APT cache and get relevant information.
You can search for the availability of a package, its version number, its dependencies among other things. I’ll show you how to use the apt-cache command with examples.
The **location of APT cache** is /var/lib/apt/lists/ directory. Which repository metadata to cache depends on the repositories added in your source list in the /etc/apt/sources.list file and additional repository files located in ls /etc/apt/sources.list.d directory.
Surprisingly, apt-cache doesn’t clear the APT cache. For that you’ll have to [use the apt-get clean command][3].
Needless to say, the APT packaging system is used on Debian and Debian-based Linux distributions like Ubuntu, Linux Mint, elementary OS etc. You cannot use it on Arch or Fedora.
### Using apt-cache command
![][4]
Like any other Linux command, there are several options available with apt-cache and you can always refer to its man page to read about them.
However, you probably won’t need to use all of them. This is why I am going to show you only the most common and useful examples of the apt-cache command in this tutorial.
Always update
It is always a good idea to update the local APT cache to sync it with the remote repositories. How do you do that? You use the command:
**sudo apt update**
#### Search for packages
The most common use of apt-cache command is for finding package. You can use a regex pattern to search for a package in the local APT cache.
```
apt-cache search package_name
```
By default, it looks for the search term in both the name and description of the package. It shows the matching package along with its short description in alphabetical order.
![][5]
You can narrow down your search to look for the search term in package names only.
```
apt-cache search --names-only package_name
```
![][6]
If you want complete details of all the matched packages, you may use the `--full` flag. It can also be used with `--names-only` flag.
![][7]
#### Get detailed package information
If you know the exact package name (or if you have manged to find it with the search), you can get the detailed metadata information on the package.
```
apt-cache show package_name
```
![][8]
You can see all kind of details in the package metadata like name, version, developer, maintainer, repository, short and long description, package size and even checksum.
There is another option showpkg that displays information about the package name, version and its forward and reverse dependencies.
```
apt-cache showpkg package_name
```
#### apt-cache policy
This is one of the rarely used option of apt-cache command. The policy options helps you debug the issue related to the [preference file][9].
If you specify the package name, it will show whether the package is installed, which version is available from which repository and its priority.
![][10]
By default, each installed package version has a priority of 100 and a non-installed package has a priority of 500. The same package may have more than one version with a different priority. APT installs the version with higher priority unless the installed version is newer.
If this doesn’t make sense, it’s okay. It will be extremely rare for a regular Linux user to dwell this deep into package management.
#### Check dependencies and reverse dependencies of a package
You can [check the dependencies of a package][11] before (or even after) installing it. It also shows all the possible packages that can fulfill the dependency.
```
apt-cache depends package
```
![][12]
You may also check which packages are dependent on a certain package by checking the reverse dependencies with apt-cahce.
![][13]
Frankly, I was also surprised to see that a DevOps tool like Ansible has a dependency on a [funny Linux command like Cowsay][14]. I think it’s perhaps because after [installing Ansible][15], it displays some message on the nodes.
#### Check unmet dependencies
You may get troubled with [unmet dependencies issue in Ubuntu][16] or other Linux. The apt-cache command provides option to check all the unmet dependencies of various available packages on your system.
```
apt-cache unmet
```
![][17]
**Conclusion**
You can list all available packages with the apt-cache command. The output would be huge, so I suggest combining it with [wc command][18] to get a total number of available packages like this:
```
apt-cache pkgnames | wc -l
```
Did you notice that you don’t need to be [root user][19] for using apt-cache command?
The newer [apt command][20] has a few options available to match the features of apt-cache command. Since apt is new, apt-get and its associated commands like apt-cache are still preferred to be used in scripts.
I hope you find this tutorial helpful. If you have questions about any point discussed above or suggestion to improve it, please let me know in the comments.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://itsfoss.com/apt-cache-command/
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://wiki.debian.org/Apt
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/package-manager/
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/clear-apt-cache/
[4]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/apt-cache-command.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
[5]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/apt-cache-search.png?resize=759%2C437&ssl=1
[6]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/apt-cache-search-names-only.png?resize=759%2C209&ssl=1
[7]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/apt-cache-show-full.png?resize=759%2C722&ssl=1
[8]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/apt-cache-show-pkgname.png?resize=800%2C795&ssl=1
[9]: https://debian-handbook.info/browse/stable/sect.apt-get.html#sect.apt.priorities
[10]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/apt-cache-policy.png?resize=795%2C456&ssl=1
[11]: https://itsfoss.com/check-dependencies-package-ubuntu/
[12]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/apt-cache-dependency-check.png?resize=768%2C304&ssl=1
[13]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/apt-cache-reverse-dependency.png?resize=768%2C304&ssl=1
[14]: https://itsfoss.com/funny-linux-commands/
[15]: https://linuxhandbook.com/install-ansible-linux/
[16]: https://itsfoss.com/held-broken-packages-error/
[17]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/apt-cache-unmet.png?resize=759%2C399&ssl=1
[18]: https://linuxhandbook.com/wc-command/
[19]: https://itsfoss.com/root-user-ubuntu/
[20]: https://itsfoss.com/apt-command-guide/

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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (chenmu-kk)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (Most enterprise networks can't handle big data loads)
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3440519/most-enterprise-networks-cant-handle-big-data-loads.html)
[#]: author: (Andy Patrizio https://www.networkworld.com/author/Andy-Patrizio/)
大多数企业网络无法处理大数据负载
======
随着越来越多的数据通过网络传输，由于领导力和技术问题，数据网络跟上数据传输速度的工作正在滞后。
Metamorworks / Getty Images
又过了一周，另一项调查发现，IT已经无法跟上不断膨胀的数据过载。这次问题将围绕着网络带宽和整体性能展开。
管理咨询公司埃森哲（Accenture）对[300名IT专业人士进行的一项调查][1] 发现，大多数人感觉他们企业网络无法胜任处理大数据的任务和物联网 (IoT) 部署。只有43%的受访公司表示他们的网络已经准备好支持云服务、物联网和其他数字技术。
**[ Learn more about SDN: Find out [where SDN is going][2] and learn the [difference between SDN and NFV][3]. | Get regularly scheduled insights: [Sign up for Network World newsletters][4]. ]**
一个关键原因（58%）是“IT与商业需求的不一致性”，这减缓了这些项目的推出。这是一个不同寻常的发现，因为85%的受访者也表示他们的网络已经完全或者大体上已经准备好支持企业的数字化计划。到底是哪一个呢？
第二和第三大时常提及的障碍是“业务需求和运营需求间固有的复杂性”以及“对带宽、性能等方面的需求超过交付能力”，各占45%。
由于分析技术和其他大数据技术的推动，大量传输数据持续涌入网络线路，网络瓶颈持续增长。调查发现，带宽需求并未满足，目前的网络性能依旧达不到要求。
其他原因还包括缺乏网络技术、设备扩展和设备老化。
### 网络性能问题的一个解决方案：SDN
埃森哲发现，大多数公司表示 [软件定义网络 (SDN)][5] 是应对带宽和性能挑战的解决方案，77%的受访企业在调查中表示正在部署SDN或者已完成部署。它指出，虽然SDN可能在组织的某部分中存在，它并不总是在整个企业范围内统一地推出。
**** From HPE: [ITaaS and Corporate Storage Technology][6]: This blog explains why pay-per-use IT models, such as ITaaS, could be the next chapter in IT infrastructure. (Sponsored) ****
如今看来，似乎从未有人有足够的预算来满足他们所有的IT雄心，但31%受访者认为网络改善筹资“简单”。而且在网络基础设施团队的控制下，首席信息官/首席技术官更可能将融资过程报告为“轻松”（40%），相较于直接下属（13%）或基础设施/网络主管和副总裁（19%）。
报告指出，“仅靠传统网络无法支持数字时代所需的创新和性能。”呼吁拥抱新技术，但没有提到SDN的名字。同时呼吁首席执行官和他们直接下属间加强合作，因为很明显，双方在看待问题的方式上存在分歧。
报告总结说，“我们认为需要一种新的网络范式来确保网络满足当前和未来的业务需求。然而，尽管有进步的迹象，但改变的步伐缓慢。公司必须承担起重担，才能实现统一和标准化企业能力，提供必要的带宽、性能和安全，以支持当前和未来的业务需求”。
**[ Now see: [How network pros acquire skills for SDN, programmable networks][7] ]**
Join the Network World communities on [Facebook][8] and [LinkedIn][9] to comment on topics that are top of mind.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3440519/most-enterprise-networks-cant-handle-big-data-loads.html
作者：[Andy Patrizio][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[chenmu-kk](https://github.com/chenmu-kk)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Andy-Patrizio/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://www.accenture.com/_acnmedia/pdf-107/accenture-network-readiness-survey.pdf#zoom=50
[2]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3209131/lan-wan/what-sdn-is-and-where-its-going.html
[3]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3206709/lan-wan/what-s-the-difference-between-sdn-and-nfv.html
[4]: https://www.networkworld.com/newsletters/signup.html
[5]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3209131/what-sdn-is-and-where-its-going.html
[6]: https://www.networkworld.com/blog/itaas-and-the-corporate-storage-technology/
[7]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3405522/how-network-pros-acquire-skills-for-sdn-programmable-networks.html
[8]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
[9]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world

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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (5 open source tools I can't live without)
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/10/open-source-tools)
[#]: author: (Victoria Martinez de la Cruz https://opensource.com/users/vkmc)
5 个我不能离开的开源工具
======
通过将这些工具放在自己的技囊中，提高终端内外的工作效率。
![woman on laptop sitting at the window][1]
前段时间，我参与了一个在科技人士中广为流传的 Twitter 话题。挑战是什么？只挑选五个你不能没有的工具。我开始结合我的日常生活来思考这个问题，只挑出五个工具并不容易。我使用了许多我认为必不可少的工具，比如我的 [IRC][2] 客户端来与同事和朋友联系（是的，我仍然使用 IRC），一个好的文本编辑器来做事情，一个日历应用来保持有条不紊，以及当需要更直接的互动时的一个视频会议平台。
所以，让我给这个挑战来个转折：选出五个能提高你工作效率的开源工具。这是我的清单。请在评论中分享你的清单。
### tmate
![tmate screenshot][3]
(Victoria Marinez de la Cruz, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4])
tmate 是著名的 [tmux][5] 终端多路复用器的一个分支，它允许你启动一个 tmux 会话并通过 SSH 共享。你可以用它来进行[配对编程][6]（这是我的主要使用场景），也可以用来进行远程控制。
如果你经常与你的团队成员合作，并且你想要一个简单的、与发行版无关的、开源的方式与他们一起编程（而且共享终端访问对你来说已经足够了），这绝对是你必须加到列表中的东西。
在 [tmate 的网站][7]上获取更多信息，或者在 [GitHub][8] 上查看代码。
### ix
ix 是一个命令行粘贴板。你不需要安装任何东西。你可以通过 `curl` 到 [ix.io][9] 站点来创建新的粘贴。例如， `echo Hello world. | curl -F 'f:1=<-' ix.io` 会给你一个到 ix.io 的链接，那里粘贴了消息 “Hello world” 的信息。当你想分享日志用于调试或在没有桌面环境的服务器上保存配置文件时，这非常方便。
有一个缺点是源码还没有公布，尽管它的目的是免费和开源。如果你是作者，并且正在阅读这篇文章，请发布代码，这样我们就可以为打磨过程做出贡献。
### asciinema
是的，这是另一个终端工具，asciinema 可以让你记录你的终端。使用它的方法有很多，但我一般用它来制作 demo 演示。它非常容易使用，而且有很多 Linux 发行版和其他平台的软件包。
要想知道它是如何工作的，可以看看这个[酷炫的 demo][10]。是不是很棒？
在 [asciinema 的网站][11]上获取更多信息，在 [GitHub][12] 上访问其源代码。
### GNOME Pomodoro
![pomodoro timer gnome][13]
(Victoria Martinez de la Cruz, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4])
好了，关于终端工具的介绍就到此为止。现在我想和大家分享一下这个简单的宝物，它让你的工作变得有条不紊。你听说过 [Pomodoro Technique][14] 吗？Pomodoro 基本上是一个时间管理工具。它使用一个番茄形状的计时器，帮助你将时间分成工作时间和休息时间（默认情况下，25 分钟的工作后有 5 分钟的休息时间）。而且，每隔 4 个 pomodoro 之后，你就会有更长的休息时间（默认为 15 分钟）。这样做的目的是让你在工作时间内保持专注，而在休息时间内进行伸展和放松。
这听起来非常非常简单，你可能会对让一个番茄形状的时钟来控制你的生活感到犹豫，但它确实帮助我更好地组织起来，避免在试图同时专注于许多事情时感到疲惫。
无论你是什么角色，我都强烈推荐这种做法。而在众多实现它的不同工具中，我推荐 GNOME Pomodoro 应用。它适用于主要的 GNU/Linux 发行版，所以它需要你使用 GNOME 桌面环境（这可能是它的缺点）。
在 [GNOME Pomodoro 的网站][15]上查看更多信息，并访问其 [GitHub][16] 仓库来获取源码并了解如何做出贡献。
### Jitsi
最后但并非最不重要的是 Jitsi。当你在一个远程、全球分布的团队中工作时，你需要一种与人们联系的方式。即时通讯是好的，但有时最好还是开个快速会议，面对面地讨论事情（嗯，看到对方的脸）。有很多[视频会议工具][17]可用，但我很喜欢 Jitsi。不仅因为它是免费和开源的，还因为它提供了一个简洁、实用的界面。你可以设置自己的 Jitsi 服务器（用于商业目的），但你也可以通过访问 [Jitsi Meet][18] 网站来试用一个公共的 Jitsi 实例。
设置这种会议的一个好做法是：只有在你心中有明确的议程时才使用它。而且要时刻问自己，这个会议能不能用电子邮件代替？遵循这些准则，谨慎使用 Jitsi，你的工作日将会非常高效!
在 [Jitsi 网站][19]上了解更多信息，并通过访问其 [GitHub][20] 仓库开始贡献。
* * *
我希望我的清单能帮助你在生产力上达到一个新的水平。你的 5 个不能离开的开源生产力工具是什么？在评论中告诉我。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/10/open-source-tools
作者：[Victoria Martinez de la Cruz][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/vkmc
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/lenovo-thinkpad-laptop-window-focus.png?itok=g0xPm2kD (young woman working on a laptop)
[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat
[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/pictures/tmate-opensource.jpg (tmate screenshot)
[4]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
[5]: https://opensource.com/article/20/7/tmux-cheat-sheet
[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pair_programming
[7]: https://tmate.io/
[8]: https://github.com/tmate-io/tmate
[9]: http://ix.io/
[10]: https://asciinema.org/a/239367
[11]: https://asciinema.org/
[12]: https://github.com/asciinema/asciinema
[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/pictures/pomodoro_timer_gnome.jpg (pomodoro timer gnome)
[14]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomodoro_Technique
[15]: https://gnomepomodoro.org/
[16]: https://github.com/codito/gnome-pomodoro
[17]: https://opensource.com/article/20/5/open-source-video-conferencing
[18]: https://meet.jit.si/
[19]: https://jitsi.org/
[20]: https://github.com/jitsi

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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (wxy)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (How to Use apt-cache Command in Debian, Ubuntu and Other Linux Distributions)
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/apt-cache-command/)
[#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/)
如何在 Debian、Ubuntu 中使用 apt-cache 命令
======
> 使用 apt-cache 命令，你可以在本地 APT 缓存中搜索软件包的详细信息。在本教程中学习使用 apt-cache 命令。
### apt-cache 命令是用来干什么的？
[APT][1] [包管理器][2]工作在软件包元数据的本地缓存上。元数据通常由包名、版本、描述、依赖关系、仓库和开发者等信息组成。通过 `apt-cache` 命令，你可以查询这个本地 APT 缓存并获得相关信息。
你可以搜索一个包的可用性、它的版本号、它的依赖关系等等。我将通过实例告诉你如何使用 `apt-cache`命令。
APT 缓存的位置是 `/var/lib/apt/lists/` 目录。缓存哪些仓库元数据取决于你的源列表中 `/etc/apt/sources.list` 文件中添加的仓库，以及位于 `/etc/apt/sources.list.d` 目录下的额外仓库文件。
令人惊讶的是，`apt-cache` 并不能清除 APT 缓存。为此，你必须[使用 apt-get clean 命令][3]。
不用说，APT 打包系统是在 Debian 和基于 Debian 的 Linux 发行版上使用的，比如 Ubuntu、Linux Mint、Elementary OS 等。你不能在 Arch 或 Fedora 上使用它。
### 使用 apt-cache 命令
![][4]
就像其他 Linux 命令一样，`apt-cache` 也有一些可用的选项，你可以随时参考它的手册页来了解这些选项。
然而，你可能并不需要使用所有的选项。这就是为什么我在本教程中只向你展示 `apt-cache` 命令中最常见和最有用的例子。
#### 始终更新
更新本地 APT 缓存以与远程仓库同步是一个好主意。如何做到这一点呢？你可以使用命令：
```
sudo apt update
```
#### 搜索软件包
`apt-cache` 命令最常见的用途是查找软件包。你可以使用一个正则表达式来搜索本地 APT 缓存中的包。
```
apt-cache search package_name
```
默认情况下，它会在软件包的名称和描述中查找搜索关键词。它按字母顺序显示匹配的软件包及其简短的描述。
![][5]
你也可以缩小搜索范围，只在产品名称中查找搜索词。
```
apt-cache search --names-only package_name
```
![][6]
如果你想知道所有匹配软件包的完整细节，你可以使用 `--full` 标志。
![][7]
#### 获取详细的包装信息
如果你知道确切的软件包名称（或者你已经成功地通过搜索找到了它），你可以得到软件包的详细元数据信息。
```
apt-cache show package_name
```
![][8]
你可以看到软件包元数据中的所有细节，比如名称、版本、开发者、维护者、仓库、长短描述、软件包大小甚至是校验和。
还有一个选项 `showpkg` 可以显示软件包的名称、版本、正向和反向依赖关系等信息。
```
apt-cache showpkg package_name
```
#### apt-cache 的策略
这是 `apt-cache` 命令中很少使用的一个选项。`policy` 选项可以帮助你调试与 [preference 文件][9]相关的问题。
如果你指定了软件包的名称，它将显示该软件包是否已经安装，在哪个版本的仓库中可用，以及它的优先级。
![][10]
默认情况下，每个已安装的软件包版本的优先级为 100，未安装的软件包的优先级为 500。同一软件包可能有多个不同优先级的版本。APT 会安装优先级较高的版本，除非安装的版本较新。
如果不理解这个部分，也没关系。对于一个普通的 Linux 用户来说，会极少纠结于这么深的软件包管理。
#### 检查软件包的依赖关系和反向依赖关系。
你可以在安装之前（甚至在安装之后）[检查一个包的依赖关系][11]。它还会显示所有可能满足依赖关系的软件包。
```
apt-cache depends package
```
![][12]
你也可以通过 `apt-cahce` 检查反向依赖关系来检查哪些包是依赖于某个包的。
![][13]
坦白说，看到 Ansible 这样的 DevOps 工具对 [Cowsay 这样有趣的 Linux 命令][14]有依赖性，我也很惊讶。我想可能是因为在[安装 Ansible][15]之后，它会在节点上显示一些信息。
#### 检查未满足的依赖性
你可能会被 [Ubuntu 中未满足的依赖问题][16]所困扰，其他 Linux 也有类似问题。`apt-cache` 命令提供了一个选项来检查系统中各种可用软件包的所有未满足的依赖关系。
```
apt-cache unmet
```
![][17]
### 结论
你可以用 `apt-cache` 命令列出所有可用的软件包。输出结果会很庞大，所以我建议将其与 [wc 命令][18] 结合起来，得到可用软件包的总数，就像这样：
```
apt-cache pkgnames | wc -l
```
你是否注意到你不需要成为 [root 用户][19]就可以使用 `apt-cache` 命令？
较新的 [apt 命令][20]也有一些与 `apt-cache` 命令对应的功能选项。由于 `apt` 比较新，所以在脚本中还是首选 `apt-get` 及其相关的 `apt-cache` 等命令。
希望你觉得本教程对你有帮助。如果你对上面讨论的任何一点有疑问或者有改进的建议，请在评论中告诉我。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://itsfoss.com/apt-cache-command/
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://wiki.debian.org/Apt
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/package-manager/
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/clear-apt-cache/
[4]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/apt-cache-command.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
[5]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/apt-cache-search.png?resize=759%2C437&ssl=1
[6]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/apt-cache-search-names-only.png?resize=759%2C209&ssl=1
[7]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/apt-cache-show-full.png?resize=759%2C722&ssl=1
[8]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/apt-cache-show-pkgname.png?resize=800%2C795&ssl=1
[9]: https://debian-handbook.info/browse/stable/sect.apt-get.html#sect.apt.priorities
[10]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/apt-cache-policy.png?resize=795%2C456&ssl=1
[11]: https://itsfoss.com/check-dependencies-package-ubuntu/
[12]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/apt-cache-dependency-check.png?resize=768%2C304&ssl=1
[13]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/apt-cache-reverse-dependency.png?resize=768%2C304&ssl=1
[14]: https://itsfoss.com/funny-linux-commands/
[15]: https://linuxhandbook.com/install-ansible-linux/
[16]: https://itsfoss.com/held-broken-packages-error/
[17]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/apt-cache-unmet.png?resize=759%2C399&ssl=1
[18]: https://linuxhandbook.com/wc-command/
[19]: https://itsfoss.com/root-user-ubuntu/
[20]: https://itsfoss.com/apt-command-guide/