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struggling
commit
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如何将 Oracle 11g 升级到 Orcale 12c
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================================================================================
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大家好。
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大家好。今天我们来学习一下如何将 Oracle 11g 升级到 Oracle 12c。开始吧。
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今天我们来学习一下如何将 Oracle 11g 升级到 Oracle 12c。开始吧。
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在此，我使用的是 CentOS 7 64 位 Linux 发行版。
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我假设你已经在你的系统上安装了 Oracle 11g。这里我会展示一下安装 Oracle 11g 时我的操作步骤。
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在此，我使用的是 CentOS 7 64 位 Linux 发行版。我假设你已经在你的系统上安装了 Oracle 11g。这里我会展示一下安装 Oracle 11g 时我的操作步骤。
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我在 Oracle 11g 上选择 “Create and configure a database”，如下图所示。
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@ -16,7 +12,7 @@
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然后你输入安装 Oracle 11g 的所有路径以及密码。下面是我自己的 Oracle 11g 安装配置。确保你正确输入了 Oracle 的密码。
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然后你输入安装 Oracle 11g 的各种路径以及密码。下面是我自己的 Oracle 11g 安装配置。确保你正确输入了 Oracle 的密码。
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@ -30,7 +26,7 @@
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你需要从该[链接][1]上下载两个 zip 文件。下载并解压两个文件到相同目录。文件名为 **linuxamd64_12c_database_1of2.zip** & **linuxamd64_12c_database_2of2.zip**。提取或解压完后，它会创建一个名为 database 的文件夹。
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注意：升级到 12c 之前，请确保在你的 CentOS 上已经安装了所有必须的软件包并且 path 环境变量也已经正确配置，还有其它前提条件也已经满足。
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注意：升级到 12c 之前，请确保在你的 CentOS 上已经安装了所有必须的软件包，并且所有的路径变量也已经正确配置，还有其它前提条件也已经满足。
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下面是必须使用正确版本安装的一些软件包
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@ -47,13 +43,11 @@
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在因特网上搜索正确的 rpm 版本。
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你也可以用一个查询处理多个软件包，然后在输出中查找正确版本。例如：
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在终端中输入下面的命令
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你也可以用一个查询处理多个软件包，然后在输出中查找正确版本。例如，在终端中输入下面的命令：
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rpm -q binutils compat-libstdc++ gcc glibc libaio libgcc libstdc++ make sysstat unixodbc
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你的系统中必须安装了以下软件包（版本可能较新会旧）
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你的系统中必须安装了以下软件包（版本可能或新或旧）
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- binutils-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7.x86_64
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- compat-libcap1-1.10-3.el7.x86_64
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@ -83,11 +77,7 @@
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你也需要 unixODBC-2.3.1 或更新版本的驱动。
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我希望你安装 Oracle 11g 的时候已经在你的 CentOS 7 上创建了名为 oracle 的用户。
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让我们以用户 oracle 登录 CentOS。
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以用户 oracle 登录到 CentOS 之后，在你的 CentOS上打开一个终端。
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我希望你安装 Oracle 11g 的时候已经在你的 CentOS 7 上创建了名为 oracle 的用户。让我们以用户 oracle 登录 CentOS。以用户 oracle 登录到 CentOS 之后，在你的 CentOS上打开一个终端。
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使用终端更改工作目录并导航到你解压两个 zip 文件的目录。在终端中输入以下命令开始安装 12c。
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@ -119,15 +109,15 @@
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第七步，像下面这样使用默认的选择继续下一步。
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对于第七步，像下面这样使用默认的选择继续下一步。
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在第九步，你会看到一个类似下面这样的总结报告。
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在第九步中，你会看到一个类似下面这样的总结报告。
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如果一切正常，你可以点击步骤九中的 install 开始安装，进入步骤十。
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如果一切正常，你可以点击第九步中的 install 开始安装，进入第十步。
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@ -135,7 +125,7 @@
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要有耐心，一步一步走下来最后它会告诉你成功了。否则，在谷歌上搜索做必要的操作解决问题。再一次说明，由于你可能会遇到的错误有很多，我无法在这里提供所有详细介绍。
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现在，只需要按照下面屏幕指令配置监听器
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现在，只需要按照下面屏幕指令配置监听器。
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配置完监听器之后，它会启动数据库升级助手（Database Upgrade Assistant）。选择 Upgrade Oracle Database。
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@ -157,7 +147,7 @@ via: http://www.unixmen.com/upgrade-from-oracle-11g-to-oracle-12c/
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作者：[Mohammad Forhad Iftekher][a]
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译者：[ictlyh](http://www.mutouxiaogui.cn/blog/)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
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Linux有问必答--如何强制在下次登录Linux时更换密码
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Linux有问必答：如何强制在下次登录Linux时更换密码
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================================================================================
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> **提问**：我管理着一台多人共享的Linux服务器。我刚使用默认密码创建了一个新用户，但是我想用户在第一次登录时更换密码。有没有什么方法可以让他/她在下次登录时修改密码呢？
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在多用户Linux环境中，标准实践是使用一个默认的随机密码创建一个用户账户。成功登录后，新用户自己改变默认密码。出于安全里有，经常建议“强制”用户在第一次登录时修改密码来确保这个一次性使用的密码不会再被使用。
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在多用户Linux环境中，标准实践是使用一个默认的随机密码创建一个用户账户。成功登录后，新用户自己改变默认密码。出于安全考虑，经常建议“强制”用户在第一次登录时修改密码来确保这个一次性使用的密码不会再被使用。
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下面是**如何强制用户在下次登录时修改他/她的密码**。
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changes, and when to expire the current password, etc.
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每个Linux用户都关联这不同的密码相关配置和信息。比如，记录着上次密码更改的日期、最小/最大的修改密码的天数、密码何时过期等等。
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一个叫chage的命令行工具可以访问并调整密码过期相关配置。你可以使用这个工具来强制用户在下次登录修改密码、
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@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ changes, and when to expire the current password, etc.
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$ sudo chage -d0 <user-name>
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原本“-d <N>”参数是用来设置密码的“年龄”（也就是上次修改密码起到1970 1.1起的天数）。因此“-d0”的意思是上次密码修改的时间是1970 1.1，这就让当前的密码过期了，也就强制让他在下次登录的时候修改密码了。
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原本“-d <N>”参数是用来设置密码的“年龄”（也就是上次修改密码起到1970/1/1起的天数）。因此“-d0”的意思是上次密码修改的时间是1970/1/1，这就让当前的密码过期了，也就强制让他在下次登录的时候修改密码了。
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另外一个过期当前密码的方式是用passwd命令。
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@ -46,8 +45,8 @@ changes, and when to expire the current password, etc.
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via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/force-password-change-next-login-linux.html
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作者：[Dan Nanni][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
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在 Linux 中 passwd 命令的10个示例
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10 个 Linux 中的 passwd 命令示例
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================================================================================
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正如 **passwd** 命令的名称所示，其用于改变系统用户的密码。如果 passwd 命令由非 root 用户执行，那么它会询问当前用户的密码，然后设置调用命令用户的新密码。当此命令由超级用户 root 执行的话，就可以重新设置任何用户的密码，包括不知道当前密码的用户。
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正如 **passwd** 命令的名称所示，其用于改变系统用户的密码。如果 passwd 命令由非 root 用户执行，那么它会询问当前用户的密码，然后设置调用该命令的用户的新密码。当此命令由超级用户 root 执行的话，就可以重新设置任何用户的密码，包括不知道当前密码的用户。
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在这篇文章中，我们将讨论 passwd 命令实际的例子。
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在这篇文章中，我们将用实例来介绍 passwd 命令。
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#### 语法 : ####
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@ -16,7 +15,7 @@
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### 例1：更改系统用户的密码 ###
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当你使用非 root 用户登录时，像我使用 ‘linuxtechi’ 登录的情况下，运行 passwd 命令它会重置当前登录用户的密码。
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当你使用非 root 用户登录时，比如我使用 ‘linuxtechi’ 登录的情况下，运行 passwd 命令它会重置当前登录用户的密码。
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[linuxtechi@linuxworld ~]$ passwd
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Changing password for user linuxtechi.
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@ -44,7 +43,7 @@
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linuxtechi PS 2015-09-20 0 99999 7 -1 (Password set, SHA512 crypt.)
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[root@linuxworld ~]#
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在上面的输出中，第一个字段显示的用户名，第二个字段显示密码状态（**PS = 密码设置，LK = 密码锁定，NP = 无密码**），第三个字段显示了当密码被改变，后面的字段分别显示了密码能更改的最小期限和最大期限，超过更改期能使用的最大期限，最后的为过期禁用天数。
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在上面的输出中，第一个字段显示的用户名，第二个字段显示密码状态（**PS = 密码设置，LK = 密码锁定，NP = 无密码**），第三个字段显示了上次修改密码的时间，后面四个字段分别显示了密码能更改的最小期限和最大期限，警告期限和没有使用该口令的时长。
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### 例3：显示所有账号的密码状态信息 ###
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@ -54,11 +53,11 @@
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（LCTT译注：CentOS6.6 没有测试成功，但 Ubuntu 可以。）
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（LCTT译注：不同发行版/passwd 的行为不同。CentOS6.6 没有测试成功，但 Ubuntu 可以。）
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### 例4：使用 -d 选项删除用户的密码 ###
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就我而言，我删除 ‘**linuxtechi**‘ 用户的密码。
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用我做例子，删除 ‘**linuxtechi**‘ 用户的密码。
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd -d linuxtechi
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Removing password for user linuxtechi.
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@ -68,7 +67,7 @@
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linuxtechi NP 2015-09-20 0 99999 7 -1 (Empty password.)
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[root@linuxworld ~]#
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“**-d**” 选项将使用户的密码为空，并禁用用户登录。
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“**-d**” 选项将清空用户密码，并禁用用户登录。
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### 例5：设置密码立即过期 ###
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@ -81,7 +80,7 @@
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linuxtechi PS 1970-01-01 0 99999 7 -1 (Password set, SHA512 crypt.)
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[root@linuxworld ~]#
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现在尝试用 linuxtechi 用户 SSH 到主机。
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现在尝试用 linuxtechi 用户 SSH 连接到主机。
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@ -143,7 +142,7 @@ via: http://www.linuxtechi.com/10-passwd-command-examples-in-linux/
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作者：[Pradeep Kumar][a]
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译者：[strugglingyouth](https://github.com/strugglingyouth)
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||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
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Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source application development tools
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================================================================================
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InfoWorld's top picks among platforms, frameworks, databases, and all the other tools that programmers use
|
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|
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|
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|
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### The best open source development tools ###
|
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|
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There must be a better way, right? The developers are the ones who find it. This year's winning projects in the application development category include client-side frameworks, server-side frameworks, mobile frameworks, databases, languages, libraries, editors, and yeah, Docker. These are our top picks among all of the tools that make it faster and easier to build better applications.
|
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|
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### Docker ###
|
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|
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The darling of container fans almost everywhere, [Docker][2] provides a low-overhead way to isolate an application or service’s environment, which serves its stated goal of being an open platform for building, shipping, and running distributed applications. Docker has been widely supported, even among those seeking to replace the Docker container format with an alternative, more secure runtime and format, specifically Rkt and AppC. Heck, Microsoft Visual Studio now supports deploying into a Docker container too.
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|
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Docker’s biggest impact has been on virtual machine environments. Since Docker containers run inside the operating system, many more Docker containers than virtual machines can run in a given amount of RAM. This is important because RAM is usually the scarcest and most expensive resource in a virtualized environment.
|
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|
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There are hundreds of thousands of runnable public images on Docker Hub, of which a few hundred are official, and the rest are from the community. You describe Docker images with a Dockerfile and build images locally from the Docker command line. You can add both public and private image repositories to Docker Hub.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
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||||
|
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||||
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||||
### Node.js and io.js ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Node.js][2] -- and its recently reunited fork [io.js][3] -- is a platform built on [Google Chrome's V8 JavaScript runtime][4] for building fast, scalable, network applications. Node uses an event-driven, nonblocking I/O model without threads. In general, Node tends to take less memory and CPU resources than other runtime engines, such as Java and the .Net Framework. For example, a typical Node.js Web server can run well in a 512MB instance on Cloud Foundry or a 512MB Docker container.
|
||||
|
||||
The Node repository on GitHub has more than 35,000 stars and more than 8,000 forks. The project, sponsored primarily by Joyent, has more than 600 contributors. Some of the more famous Node applications are 37Signals, [Ancestry.com][5], Chomp, the Wall Street Journal online, FeedHenry, [GE.com][6], Mockingbird, [Pearson.com][7], Shutterstock, and Uber. The popular IoT back-end Node-RED is built on Node, as are many client apps, such as Brackets and Nuclide.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
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||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### AngularJS ###
|
||||
|
||||
[AngularJS][8] (or simply Angular, among friends) is a Model-View-Whatever (MVW) JavaScript AJAX framework that extends HTML with markup for dynamic views and data binding. Angular is especially good for developing single-page Web applications and linking HTML forms to models and JavaScript controllers.
|
||||
|
||||
The weird sounding Model-View-Whatever pattern is an attempt to include the Model-View-Controller, Model-View-ViewModel, and Model-View-Presenter patterns under one moniker. The differences among these three closely related patterns are the sorts of topics that programmers love to argue about fiercely; the Angular developers decided to opt out of the discussion.
|
||||
|
||||
Basically, Angular automatically synchronizes data from your UI (view) with your JavaScript objects (model) through two-way data binding. To help you structure your application better and make it easy to test, AngularJS teaches the browser how to do dependency injection and inversion of control.
|
||||
|
||||
Angular was created by Google and open-sourced under the MIT license; there are currently more than 1,200 contributors to the project on GitHub, and the repository has more than 40,000 stars and 18,000 forks. The Angular site lists [210 “neat things” built with Angular][9].
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### React ###
|
||||
|
||||
[React][10] is a JavaScript library for building a UI or view, typically for single-page applications. Note that React does not implement anything having to do with a model or controller. React pages can render on the server or the client; rendering on the server (with Node.js) is typically much faster. People often combine React with AngularJS to create complete applications.
|
||||
|
||||
React combines JavaScript and HTML in a single file, optionally a JSX component. React fans like the way JSX components combine views and their related functionality in one file, though that flies in the face of the last decade of Web development trends, which were all about separating the markup and the code. React fans also claim that you can’t understand it until you’ve tried it. Perhaps you should; the React repository on GitHub has 26,000 stars.
|
||||
|
||||
[React Native][11] implements React with native iOS controls; the React Native command line uses Node and Xcode. [ReactJS.Net][12] integrates React with [ASP.Net][13] and C#. React is available under a BSD license with a patent license grant from Facebook.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Atom ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Atom][14] is an open source, hackable desktop editor from GitHub, based on Web technologies. It’s a full-featured tool with a fuzzy finder; fast projectwide search and replace; multiple cursors and selections; multiple panes, snippets, code folding; and the ability to import TextMate grammars and themes. Out of the box, Atom displayed proper syntax highlighting for every programming language on which I tried it, except for F# and C#; I fixed that easily by loading those packages from within Atom. Not surprising, Atom has tight integration with GitHub.
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||||
|
||||
The skeleton of Atom has been separated from the guts and called the Electron shell, providing an open source way to build cross-platform desktop apps with Web technologies. Visual Studio Code is built on the Electron shell, as are a number of proprietary and open source apps, including Slack and Kitematic. Facebook Nuclide adds significant functionality to Atom, including remote development and support for Flow, Hack, and Mercurial.
|
||||
|
||||
On the downside, updating Atom packages can become painful, especially if you have many of them installed. The Nuclide packages seem to be the worst offenders -- they not only take a long time to update, they run CPU-intensive Node processes to do so.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Brackets ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Brackets][15] is a lightweight editor for Web design that Adobe developed and open-sourced, drawing heavily on other open source projects. The idea is to build better tooling for JavaScript, HTML, CSS, and related open Web technologies. Brackets itself is written in JavaScript, HTML, and CSS, and the developers use Brackets to build Brackets. The editor portion is based on another open source project, CodeMirror, and the Brackets native shell is based on Google’s Chromium Embedded Framework.
|
||||
|
||||
Brackets features a clean UI, with the ability to open a quick inline editor that displays all of the related CSS for some HTML, or all of the related JavaScript for some scripting, and a live preview for Web pages that you are editing. New in Brackets 1.4 is instant search in files, easier preferences editing, the ability to enable and disable extensions individually, improved text rendering on Macs, and Greek and Cyrillic character support. Last November, Adobe started shipping a preview version of Extract for Brackets, which can pull out design information from Photoshop files, as part of the default download for Brackets.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### TypeScript ###
|
||||
|
||||
[TypeScript][16] is a portable, duck-typed superset of JavaScript that compiles to plain JavaScript. The goal of the project is to make JavaScript usable for large applications. In pursuit of that goal, TypeScript adds optional types, classes, and modules to JavaScript, and it supports tools for large-scale JavaScript applications. Typing gets rid of some of the nonsensical and potentially buggy default behavior in JavaScript, for example:
|
||||
|
||||
> 1 + "1"
|
||||
'11'
|
||||
|
||||
“Duck” typing means that the type checking focuses on the shape of the data values; TypeScript describes basic types, interfaces, and classes. While the current version of JavaScript does not support traditional, class-based, object-oriented programming, the ECMAScript 6 specification does. TypeScript compiles ES6 classes into plain, compatible JavaScript, with prototype-based objects, unless you enable ES6 output using the `--target` compiler option.
|
||||
|
||||
Visual Studio includes TypeScript in the box, starting with Visual Studio 2013 Update 2. You can also edit TypeScript in Visual Studio Code, WebStorm, Atom, Sublime Text, and Eclipse.
|
||||
|
||||
When using an external JavaScript library, or new host API, you'll need to use a declaration file (.d.ts) to describe the shape of the library. You can often find declaration files in the [DefinitelyTyped][17] repository, either by browsing, using the [TSD definition manager][18], or using NuGet.
|
||||
|
||||
TypeScript’s GitHub repository has more than 6,000 stars.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Swagger ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Swagger][19] is a language-agnostic interface to RESTful APIs, with tooling that gives you interactive documentation, client SDK generation, and discoverability. It’s one of several recent attempts to codify the description of RESTful APIs, in the spirit of WSDL for XML Web Services (2000) and CORBA for distributed object interfaces (1991).
|
||||
|
||||
The tooling makes Swagger especially interesting. [Swagger-UI][20] automatically generates beautiful documentation and a live API sandbox from a Swagger-compliant API. The [Swagger codegen][21] project allows generation of client libraries automatically from a Swagger-compliant server.
|
||||
|
||||
[Swagger Editor][22] lets you edit Swagger API specifications in YAML inside your browser and preview documentations in real time. Valid Swagger JSON descriptions can then be generated and used with the full Swagger tooling.
|
||||
|
||||
The [Swagger JS][23] library is a fast way to enable a JavaScript client to communicate with a Swagger-enabled server. Additional clients exist for Clojure, Go, Java, .Net, Node.js, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, and Scala.
|
||||
|
||||
The [Amazon API Gateway][24] is a managed service for API management at scale. It can import Swagger specifications using an open source [Swagger Importer][25] tool.
|
||||
|
||||
Swagger and friends use the Apache 2.0 license.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Polymer ###
|
||||
|
||||
The [Polymer][26] library is a lightweight, “sugaring” layer on top of the Web components APIs to help in building your own Web components. It adds several features for greater ease in building complex elements, such as creating custom element registration, adding markup to your element, configuring properties on your element, setting the properties with attributes, data binding with mustache syntax, and internal styling of elements.
|
||||
|
||||
Polymer also includes libraries of prebuilt elements. The Iron library includes elements for working with layout, user input, selection, and scaffolding apps. The Paper elements implement Google's Material Design. The Gold library includes elements for credit card input fields for e-commerce, the Neon elements implement animations, the Platinum library implements push messages and offline caching, and the Google Web Components library is exactly what it says; it includes wrappers for YouTube, Firebase, Google Docs, Hangouts, Google Maps, and Google Charts.
|
||||
|
||||
Polymer Molecules are elements that wrap other JavaScript libraries. The only Molecule currently implemented is for marked, a Markdown library. The Polymer repository on GitHub currently has 12,000 stars. The software is distributed under a BSD-style license.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Ionic ###
|
||||
|
||||
The [Ionic][27] framework is a front-end SDK for building hybrid mobile apps, using Angular.js and Cordova, PhoneGap, or Trigger.io. Ionic was designed to be similar in spirit to the Android and iOS SDKs, and to do a minimum of DOM manipulation and use hardware-accelerated transitions to keep the rendering speed high. Ionic is focused mainly on the look and feel and UI interaction of your app.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to the framework, Ionic encompasses an ecosystem of mobile development tools and resources. These include Chrome-based tools, Angular extensions for Cordova capabilities, back-end services, a development server, and a shell View App to enable testers to use your Ionic code on their devices without the need for you to distribute beta apps through the App Store or Google Play.
|
||||
|
||||
Appery.io integrated Ionic into its low-code builder in July 2015. Ionic’s GitHub repository has more than 18,000 stars and more than 3,000 forks. Ionic is distributed under an MIT license and currently runs in UIWebView for iOS 7 and later, and in Android 4.1 and up.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Cordova ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Apache Cordova][28] is the open source project spun off when Adobe acquired PhoneGap from Nitobi. Cordova is a set of device APIs, plus some tooling, that allows a mobile app developer to access native device functionality like the camera and accelerometer from JavaScript. When combined with a UI framework like Angular, it allows a smartphone app to be developed with only HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. By using Cordova plug-ins for multiple devices, you can generate hybrid apps that share a large portion of their code but also have access to a wide range of platform capabilities. The HTML5 markup and code runs in a WebView hosted by the Cordova shell.
|
||||
|
||||
Cordova is one of the cross-platform mobile app options supported by Visual Studio 2015. Several companies offer online builders for Cordova apps, similar to the Adobe PhoneGap Build service. Online builders save you from having to install and maintain most of the device SDKs on which Cordova relies.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Famous Engine ###
|
||||
|
||||
The high-performance Famo.us JavaScript framework introduced last year has become the [Famous Engine][29] and [Famous Framework][30]. The Famous Engine runs in a mixed mode, with the DOM and WebGL under a single coordinate system. As before, Famous structures applications in a scene graph hierarchy, but now it produces very little garbage (reducing the garbage collector overhead) and sustains 60FPS animations.
|
||||
|
||||
The Famous Physics engine has been refactored to its own, fine-grained module so that you can load only the features you need. Other improvements since last year include streamlined eventing, improved sizing, decoupling the scene graph from the rendering pipeline by using a draw command buffer, and switching to a fully open MIT license.
|
||||
|
||||
The new Famous Framework is an alpha-stage developer preview built on the Famous Engine; its goal is creating reusable, composable, and interchangeable UI widgets and applications. Eventually, Famous hopes to replace the jQuery UI widgets with Famous Framework widgets, but while it's promising, the Famous Framework is nowhere near production-ready.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### MongoDB ###
|
||||
|
||||
[MongoDB][31] is no stranger to the Bossies or to the ever-growing and ever-competitive NoSQL market. If you still aren't familiar with this very popular technology, here's a brief overview: MongoDB is a cross-platform document-oriented database, favoring JSON-like documents with dynamic schemas that make data integration easier and faster.
|
||||
|
||||
MongoDB has attractive features, including but not limited to ad hoc queries, flexible indexing, replication, high availability, automatic sharding, load balancing, and aggregation.
|
||||
|
||||
The big, bold move with [version 3.0 this year][32] was the new WiredTiger storage engine. We can now have document-level locking. This makes “normal” applications a whole lot more scalable and makes MongoDB available to more use cases.
|
||||
|
||||
MongoDB has a growing open source ecosystem with such offerings as the [TokuMX engine][33], from the famous MySQL bad boys Percona. The long list of MongoDB customers includes heavy hitters such as Craigslist, eBay, Facebook, Foursquare, Viacom, and the New York Times.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Andrew Oliver
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Couchbase ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Couchbase][34] is another distributed, document-oriented database that has been making waves in the NoSQL world for quite some time now. Couchbase and MongoDB often compete, but they each have their sweet spots. Couchbase tends to outperform MongoDB when doing more in memory is possible.
|
||||
|
||||
Additionally, Couchbase’s mobile features allow you to disconnect and ship a database in compact format. This allows you to scale down as well as up. This is useful not just for mobile devices but also for specialized applications, like shipping medical records across radio waves in Africa.
|
||||
|
||||
This year Couchbase added N1QL, a SQL-based query language that did away with Couchbase’s biggest obstacle, requiring static views. The new release also introduced multidimensional scaling. This allows individual scaling of services such as querying, indexing, and data storage to improve performance, instead of adding an entire, duplicate node.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Andrew C. Oliver
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Cassandra ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Cassandra][35] is the other white meat of column family databases. HBase might be included with your favorite Hadoop distribution, but Cassandra is the one people deliberately deploy for specialized applications. There are good reasons for this.
|
||||
|
||||
Cassandra was designed for high workloads of both writes and reads where millisecond consistency isn't as important as throughput. HBase is optimized for reads and greater write consistency. To a large degree, Cassandra tends to be used for operational systems and HBase more for data warehouse and batch-system-type use cases.
|
||||
|
||||
While Cassandra has not received as much attention as other NoSQL databases and slipped into a quiet period a couple years back, it is widely used and deployed, and it's a great fit for time series, product catalog, recommendations, and other applications. If you want to keep a cluster up “no matter what” with multiple masters and multiple data centers, and you need to scale with lots of reads and lots of writes, Cassandra might just be your Huckleberry.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Andrew C. Oliver
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### OrientDB ###
|
||||
|
||||
[OrientDB][36] is an interesting hybrid in the NoSQL world, combining features from a document database, where individual documents can have multiple fields without necessarily defining a schema, and a graph database, which consists of a set of nodes and edges. At a basic level, OrientDB considers the document as a vertex, and relationships between fields as graph edges. Because the relationships between elements are part of the record, no costly joins are required when querying data.
|
||||
|
||||
Like most databases today, OrientDB offers linear scalability via a distributed architecture. Adding capacity is a matter of simply adding more nodes to the cluster. Queries are written in a variant of SQL that is extended to support graph concepts. It's not exactly SQL, but data analysts shouldn't have too much trouble adapting. Language bindings are available for most commonly used languages, such as R, Scala, .Net, and C, and those integrating OrientDB into their applications will find an active user community to get help from.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### RethinkDB ###
|
||||
|
||||
[RethinkDB][37] is a scalable, real-time JSON database with the ability to continuously push updated query results to applications that subscribe to changes. There are official RethinkDB drivers for Ruby, Python, and JavaScript/Node.js, and community-supported drivers for more than a dozen other languages, including C#, Go, and PHP.
|
||||
|
||||
It’s temping to confuse RethinkDB with real-time sync APIs, such as Firebase and PubNub. RethinkDB can be run as a cloud service like Firebase and PubNub, but you can also install it on your own hardware or Docker containers. RethinkDB does more than synchronize: You can run arbitrary RethinkDB queries, including table joins, subqueries, geospatial queries, and aggregation. Finally, RethinkDB is designed to be accessed from an application server, not a browser.
|
||||
|
||||
Where MongoDB requires you to poll the database to see changes, RethinkDB lets you subscribe to a stream of changes to a query result. You can shard and scale RethinkDB easily, unlike MongoDB. Also unlike relational databases, RethinkDB does not give you full ACID support or strong schema enforcement, although it can perform joins.
|
||||
|
||||
The RethinkDB repository has 10,000 stars on GitHub, a remarkably high number for a database. It is licensed with the Affero GPL 3.0; the drivers are licensed with Apache 2.0.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Rust ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Rust][38] is a syntactically C-like systems programming language from Mozilla Research that guarantees memory safety and offers painless concurrency (that is, no data races). It does not have a garbage collector and has minimal runtime overhead. Rust is strongly typed with type inference. This is all promising.
|
||||
|
||||
Rust was designed for performance. It doesn’t yet demonstrate great performance, however, so now the mantra seems to be that it runs as fast as C++ code that implements all the safety checks built into Rust. I’m not sure whether I believe that, as in many cases the strictest safety checks for C/C++ code are done by static and dynamic analysis and testing, which don’t add any runtime overhead. Perhaps Rust performance will come with time.
|
||||
|
||||
So far, the only tools for Rust are the Cargo package manager and the rustdoc documentation generator, plus a couple of simple Rust plug-ins for programming editors. As far as we have heard, there is no shipping software that was actually built with Rust. Now that Rust has reached the 1.0 milestone, we might expect that to change.
|
||||
|
||||
Rust is distributed with a dual Apache 2.0 and MIT license. With 13,000 stars on its GitHub repository, Rust is certainly attracting attention, but when and how it will deliver real benefits remains to be seen.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### OpenCV ###
|
||||
|
||||
[OpenCV][39] (Open Source Computer Vision Library) is a computer vision and machine learning library that contains about 500 algorithms, such as face detection, moving object tracking, image stitching, red-eye removal, machine learning, and eye movement tracking. It runs on Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, Android, and iOS.
|
||||
|
||||
OpenCV has official C++, C, Python, Java, and MATLAB interfaces, and wrappers in other languages such as C#, Perl, and Ruby. CUDA and OpenCL interfaces are under active development. OpenCV was originally (1999) an Intel Research project in Russia; from there it moved to the robotics research lab Willow Garage (2008) and finally to [OpenCV.org][39] (2012) with a core team at Itseez, current source on GitHub, and stable snapshots on SourceForge.
|
||||
|
||||
Users of OpenCV include Google, Yahoo, Microsoft, Intel, IBM, Sony, Honda, and Toyota. There are currently more than 6,000 stars and 5,000 forks on the GitHub repository. The project uses a BSD license.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### LLVM ###
|
||||
|
||||
The [LLVM Project][40] is a collection of modular and reusable compiler and tool chain technologies, which originated at the University of Illinois. LLVM has grown to include a number of subprojects, several of which are interesting in their own right. LLVM is distributed with Debian, Ubuntu, and Apple Xcode, among others, and it’s used in commercial products from the likes of Adobe (including After Effects), Apple (including Objective-C and Swift), Cray, Intel, NVIDIA, and Siemens. A few of the open source projects that depend on LLVM are PyPy, Mono, Rubinius, Pure, Emscripten, Rust, and Julia. Microsoft has recently contributed LLILC, a new LLVM-based compiler for .Net, to the .Net Foundation.
|
||||
|
||||
The main LLVM subprojects are the core libraries, which provide optimization and code generation; Clang, a C/C++/Objective-C compiler that’s about three times faster than GCC; LLDB, a much faster debugger than GDB; libc++, an implementation of the C++ 11 Standard Library; and OpenMP, for parallel programming.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Martin Heller
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Read about more open source winners ###
|
||||
|
||||
InfoWorld's Best of Open Source Awards for 2014 celebrate more than 100 open source projects, from the bottom of the stack to the top. Follow these links to more open source winners:
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source applications][41]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source application development tools][42]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source big data tools][43]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source data center and cloud software][44]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source desktop and mobile software][45]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source networking and security software][46]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982920/open-source-tools/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-application-development-tools.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[InfoWorld staff][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.infoworld.com/author/InfoWorld-staff/
|
||||
[1]:https://www.docker.com/
|
||||
[2]:https://nodejs.org/en/
|
||||
[3]:https://iojs.org/en/
|
||||
[4]:https://developers.google.com/v8/?hl=en
|
||||
[5]:http://www.ancestry.com/
|
||||
[6]:http://www.ge.com/
|
||||
[7]:https://www.pearson.com/
|
||||
[8]:https://angularjs.org/
|
||||
[9]:https://builtwith.angularjs.org/
|
||||
[10]:https://facebook.github.io/react/
|
||||
[11]:https://facebook.github.io/react-native/
|
||||
[12]:http://reactjs.net/
|
||||
[13]:http://asp.net/
|
||||
[14]:https://atom.io/
|
||||
[15]:http://brackets.io/
|
||||
[16]:http://www.typescriptlang.org/
|
||||
[17]:http://definitelytyped.org/
|
||||
[18]:http://definitelytyped.org/tsd/
|
||||
[19]:http://swagger.io/
|
||||
[20]:https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui
|
||||
[21]:https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-codegen
|
||||
[22]:https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-editor
|
||||
[23]:https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-js
|
||||
[24]:http://aws.amazon.com/cn/api-gateway/
|
||||
[25]:https://github.com/awslabs/aws-apigateway-importer
|
||||
[26]:https://www.polymer-project.org/
|
||||
[27]:http://ionicframework.com/
|
||||
[28]:https://cordova.apache.org/
|
||||
[29]:http://famous.org/
|
||||
[30]:http://famous.org/framework/
|
||||
[31]:https://www.mongodb.org/
|
||||
[32]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2878738/nosql/first-look-mongodb-30-for-mature-audiences.html
|
||||
[33]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2929772/nosql/mongodb-crossroads-growth-or-openness.html
|
||||
[34]:http://www.couchbase.com/nosql-databases/couchbase-server
|
||||
[35]:https://cassandra.apache.org/
|
||||
[36]:http://orientdb.com/
|
||||
[37]:http://rethinkdb.com/
|
||||
[38]:https://www.rust-lang.org/
|
||||
[39]:http://opencv.org/
|
||||
[40]:http://llvm.org/
|
||||
[41]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982622/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-applications.html
|
||||
[42]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982920/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-application-development-tools.html
|
||||
[43]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982429/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-big-data-tools.html
|
||||
[44]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982923/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-data-center-and-cloud-software.html
|
||||
[45]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982630/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-desktop-and-mobile-software.html
|
||||
[46]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982962/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-networking-and-security-software.html
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
|
||||
Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source applications
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
InfoWorld's top picks in open source business applications, enterprise integration, and middleware
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### The best open source applications ###
|
||||
|
||||
Applications -- ERP, CRM, HRM, CMS, BPM -- are not only fertile ground for three-letter acronyms, they're the engines behind every modern business. Our top picks in the category include back- and front-office solutions, marketing automation, lightweight middleware, heavyweight middleware, and other tools for moving data around, mixing it together, and magically transforming it into smarter business decisions.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### xTuple ###
|
||||
|
||||
Small and midsize companies with light manufacturing or distribution needs have a friend in [xTuple][1]. This modular ERP/CRM combo bundles operations and financial control, product and inventory management, and CRM and sales support. Its relatively simple install lets you deploy all of the modules or only what you need today -- helping trim support costs without sacrificing customization later.
|
||||
|
||||
This summer’s release brought usability improvements to the UI and a generous number of bug fixes. Recent updates also yielded barcode scanning and label printing for mobile warehouse workers, an enhanced workflow module (built with Plv8, a wrapper around Google’s V8 JavaScript engine that lets you write stored procedures for PostgreSQL in JavaScript), and quality management tools that are sure to get mileage on shop floors.
|
||||
|
||||
The xTuple codebase is JavaScript from stem to stern. The server components can all be installed locally, in xTuple’s cloud, or deployed as an appliance. A mobile Web client, and mobile CRM features, augment a good native desktop client.
|
||||
|
||||
-- James R. Borck
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Odoo ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Odoo][2] used to be known as OpenERP. Last year the company raised private capital and broadened its scope. Today Odoo is a one-stop shop for back office and customer-facing applications -- replete with content management, business intelligence, and e-commerce modules.
|
||||
|
||||
Odoo 8 fronts accounting, invoicing, project management, resource planning, and customer relationship management tools with a flexible Web interface that can be tailored to your company’s workflow. Add-on modules for warehouse management and HR, as well as for live chat and analytics, round out the solution.
|
||||
|
||||
This year saw Odoo focused primarily on usability updates. A recently released sales planner helps sales groups track KPIs, and a new tips feature lends in-context help. Odoo 9 is right around the corner with alpha builds showing customer portals, Web form creation tools, mobile and VoIP services, and integration hooks to eBay and Amazon.
|
||||
|
||||
Available for Windows and Linux, and as a SaaS offering, Odoo gives small and midsized companies an accessible set of tools to manage virtually every aspect of their business.
|
||||
|
||||
-- James R. Borck
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### iDempiere ###
|
||||
|
||||
Small and midsize companies have great choices in Odoo and xTuple. Larger manufacturing and distribution companies will need something more. For them, there’s [iDempiere][3] -- a well maintained offshoot of ADempiere with OSGi modularity.
|
||||
|
||||
iDempiere implements a fully loaded ERP, supply chain, and CRM suite right out of the box. Built with Java, iDempiere supports both PostgreSQL and Oracle Database, and it can be customized extensively through modules built to the OSGi specification. iDempiere is perfectly suited to managing complex business scenarios involving multiple partners, requiring dynamic reporting, or employing point-of-sale and warehouse services.
|
||||
|
||||
Being enterprise-ready comes with a price. iDempiere’s feature-rich tools and complexity impose a steep learning curve and require a commitment to integration support. Of course, those costs are offset by savings from the software’s free GPL2 licensing. iDempiere’s easy install script, small resource footprint, and clean interface also help alleviate some of the startup pains. There’s even a virtual appliance available on Sourceforge to get you started.
|
||||
|
||||
-- James R. Borck
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### SuiteCRM ###
|
||||
|
||||
SugarCRM held the sweet spot in open source CRM since, well, forever. Then last year Sugar announced it would no longer contribute to the open source Community Edition. Into the ensuing vacuum rushed [SuiteCRM][4] – a fork of the final Sugar code.
|
||||
|
||||
SuiteCRM 7.2 creates an experience on a par with SugarCRM Professional’s marketing, sales, and service tools. With add-on modules for workflow, reporting, and security, as well as new innovations like Lucene-driven search, taps for social media, and a beta reveal of new desktop notifications, SuiteCRM is on solid footing.
|
||||
|
||||
The Advanced Open Sales module provides a familiar migration path from Sugar, while commercial support is available from the likes of [SalesAgility][5], the company that forked SuiteCRM in the first place. In little more than a year, SuiteCRM rescued the code, rallied an inspired community, and emerged as a new leader in open source CRM. Who needs Sugar?
|
||||
|
||||
-- James R. Borck
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### CiviCRM ###
|
||||
|
||||
We typically focus attention on CRM vis-à-vis small and midsize business requirements. But nonprofit and advocacy groups need to engage with their “customers” too. Enter [CiviCRM][6].
|
||||
|
||||
CiviCRM addresses the needs of nonprofits with tools for fundraising and donation processing, membership management, email tracking, and event planning. Granular access control and security bring role-based permissions to views, keeping paid staff and volunteers partitioned and productive. This year CiviCRM continued to develop with new features like simple A/B testing and monitoring for email campaigns.
|
||||
|
||||
CiviCRM deploys as a plug-in to your WordPress, Drupal, or Joomla content management system -- a dead-simple install if you already have one of these systems in place. If you don’t, CiviCRM is an excellent reason to deploy the CMS. It’s a niche-filling solution that allows nonprofits to start using smarter, tailored tools for managing constituencies, without steep hurdles and training costs.
|
||||
|
||||
-- James R. Borck
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Mautic ###
|
||||
|
||||
For marketers, the Internet -- Web, email, social, all of it -- is the stuff dreams are made on. [Mautic][7] allows you to create Web and email campaigns that track and nurture customer engagement, then roll all of the data into detailed reports to gain insight into customer needs and wants and how to meet them.
|
||||
|
||||
Open source options in marketing automation are few, but Mautic’s extensibility stands out even against closed solutions like IBM’s Silverpop. Mautic even integrates with popular third-party email marketing solutions (MailChimp, Constant Contact) and social media platforms (Facebook, Twitter, Google+, Instagram) with quick-connect widgets.
|
||||
|
||||
The developers of Mautic could stand to broaden the features for list segmentation and improve the navigability of their UI. Usability is also hindered by sparse documentation. But if you’re willing to rough it out long enough to learn your way, you’ll find a gem -- and possibly even gold -- in Mautic.
|
||||
|
||||
-- James R. Borck
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### OrangeHRM ###
|
||||
|
||||
The commercial software market in the human resource management space is rather fragmented, with Talent, HR, and Workforce Management startups all vying for a slice of the pie. It’s little wonder the open source world hasn’t found much direction either, with the most ambitious HRM solutions often locked inside larger ERP distributions. [OrangeHRM][8] is a standout.
|
||||
|
||||
OrangeHRM tackles employee administration from recruitment and applicant tracking to performance reviews, with good audit trails throughout. An employee portal provides self-serve access to personal employment information, time cards, leave requests, and personnel documents, helping reduce demands on HR staff.
|
||||
|
||||
OrangeHRM doesn’t yet address niche aspects like talent management (social media, collaboration, knowledge banks), but it’s remarkably full-featured. Professional and Enterprise options offer more advanced functionality (in areas such as recruitment, training, on/off-boarding, document management, and mobile device access), while community modules are available for the likes of Active Directory/LDAP integration, advanced reporting, and even insurance benefit management.
|
||||
|
||||
-- James R. Borck
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### LibreOffice ###
|
||||
|
||||
[LibreOffice][9] is the easy choice for best open source office productivity suite. Originally forked from OpenOffice, Libre has been moving at a faster clip than OpenOffice ever since, drawing more developers and producing more new features than its rival.
|
||||
|
||||
LibreOffice 5.0, released only last month, offers UX improvements that truly enhance usability (like visual previews to style changes in the sidebar), brings document editing to Android devices (previously a view-only prospect), and finally delivers on a 64-bit Windows codebase.
|
||||
|
||||
LibreOffice still lacks a built-in email client and a personal information manager, not to mention the real-time collaborative document editing available in Microsoft Office. But Libre can run off of a USB flash disk for portability, natively supports a greater number of graphic and file formats, and creates hybrid PDFs with embedded ODF files for full-on editing. Libre even imports Apple Pages documents, in addition to opening and saving all Microsoft Office formats.
|
||||
|
||||
LibreOffice has done a solid job of tightening its codebase and delivering enhancements at a regular clip. With a new cloud version under development, LibreOffice will soon be more liberating than ever.
|
||||
|
||||
-- James R. Borck
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Bonita BPM ###
|
||||
|
||||
Open source BPM has become a mature, cost-effective alternative to the top proprietary solutions. Having led the charge since 2009, Bonitasoft continues to raise the bar. The new [Bonita BPM 7][10] release impresses with innovative features that simplify code generation and shorten development cycles for BPM app creation.
|
||||
|
||||
Most important to the new version, though, is better abstraction of underlying core business logic from UI and data components, allowing UIs and processes to be developed independently. This new MVC approach reduces downtime for live upgrades (no more recompilation!) and eases application maintenance.
|
||||
|
||||
Bonita contains a winning set of connectors to a broad range of enterprise systems (ERP, CRM, databases) as well as to Web services. Complementing its process weaving tools, a new form designer (built on AngularJS/Bootstrap) goes a long way toward improving UI creation for the Web-centric and mobile workforce.
|
||||
|
||||
-- James R. Borck
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Camunda BPM ###
|
||||
|
||||
Many open source solutions, like Bonita BPM, offer solid, drop-in functionality. Dig into the code base, though, and you may find it’s not the cleanest to build upon. Enterprise Java developers who hang out under the hood should check out [Camunda BPM][11].
|
||||
|
||||
Forked from Alfresco Activiti (a creation of former Red Hat jBPM developers), Camunda BPM delivers a tight, Java-based BPMN 2.0 engine in support of human workflow activities, case management, and systems process automation that can be embedded in your Java apps or run as a container service in Tomcat. Camunda’s ecosystem offers an Eclipse plug-in for process modeling and the Cockpit dashboard brings real-time monitoring and management over running processes.
|
||||
|
||||
The Enterprise version adds WebSphere and WebLogic Server support. Additional incentives for the Enterprise upgrade include Saxon-driven XSLT templating (sidestepping the scripting engine) and add-ons to improve process management and exception handling.
|
||||
|
||||
Camunda is a solid BPM engine ready for build-out and one of the first open source process managers to introduce DMN (Decision Model and Notation) support, which helps to simplify complex rules-based modeling alongside BPMN. DMN support is currently at the alpha stage.
|
||||
|
||||
-- James R. Borck
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Talend Open Studio ###
|
||||
|
||||
No open source ETL or EAI solution comes close to [Talend Open Studio][12] in functionality, performance, or support of modern integration trends. This year Talend unleashed Open Studio 6, a new version with a streamlined UI and smarter tooling that brings it more in line with Talend’s cloud-based offering.
|
||||
|
||||
Using Open Studio you can visually design, test, and debug orchestrations that connect, transform, and synchronize data across a broad range of real-time applications and data resources. Talend’s wealth of connectors provides support for most any endpoint -- from flat files to Hadoop to Amazon S3. Packaged editions focus on specific scenarios such as big data integration, ESB, and data integrity monitoring.
|
||||
|
||||
New support for Java 8 brings a speed boost. The addition of support for MariaDB and for in-memory processing with MemSQL, as well as updates to the ESB engine, keep Talend in step with the community’s needs. Version 6 was a long time coming, but no less welcome for that. Talend Open Studio is still first in managing complex data integration -- in-house, in the cloud, or increasingly, a combination of the two.
|
||||
|
||||
-- James R. Borck
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Warewolf ESB ###
|
||||
|
||||
Complex integration patterns may demand the strengths of a Talend to get the job done. But for many lightweight microservices, the overhead of a full-fledged enterprise integration solution is extreme overkill.
|
||||
|
||||
[Warewolf ESB][13] combines a streamlined .Net-based process engine with visual development tools to provide for dead simple messaging and application payload routing in a native Windows environment. The Warewolf ESB is an “easy service bus,” not an enterprise service bus.
|
||||
|
||||
Drag-and-drop tooling in the design studio makes quick work of configuring connections and logic flows. Built-in wizardry handles Web services definitions and database calls, and it can even tap Windows DLLs and the command line directly. Using the visual debugger, you can inspect execution streams (if not yet actually step through them), then package everything for remote deployment.
|
||||
|
||||
Warewolf is still a .40.5 release and undergoing major code changes. It also lacks native connectors, easy transforms, and any means of scalability management. Be aware that the precompiled install demands collection of some usage statistics (I wish they would stop that). But Warewolf ESB is fast, free, and extensible. It’s a quirky, upstart project that offers definite benefits to Windows integration architects.
|
||||
|
||||
-- James R. Borck
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### KNIME ###
|
||||
|
||||
[KNIME][14] takes a code-free approach to predictive analytics. Using a graphical workbench, you wire together workflows from an abundant library of processing nodes, which handle data access, transformation, analysis, and visualization. With KNIME, you can pull data from databases and big data platforms, run ETL transformations, perform data mining with R, and produce custom reports in the end.
|
||||
|
||||
The company was busy this year rolling out the KNIME 2.12 update. The new release introduces MongoDB support, XPath nodes with autoquery creation, and a new view controller (based on the D3 JavaScript library) that creates interactive data visualizations on the fly. It also includes additional statistical nodes and a REST interface (KNIME Server edition) that provides services-based access to workflows.
|
||||
|
||||
KNIME’s core analytics engine is free open source. The company offers several fee-based extensions for clustering and collaboration. (A portion of your licensing fee actually funds the open source project.) KNIME Server (on-premise or cloud) ups the ante with security, collaboration, and workflow repositories -- all serving to inject analytics more productively throughout your business lines.
|
||||
|
||||
-- James R. Borck
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Teiid ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Teiid][15] is a data virtualization system that allows applications to use data from multiple, heterogeneous data stores. Currently a JBoss project, Teiid is backed by years of development from MetaMatrix and a long history of addressing the data access needs of the largest enterprise environments. I even see [uses for Teiid in Hadoop and big data environments][16].
|
||||
|
||||
In essence, Teiid allows you to connect all of your data sources into a “virtual” mega data source. You can define caching semantics, transforms, and other “configuration not code” transforms to load from multiple data sources using plain old SQL, XQuery, or procedural queries.
|
||||
|
||||
Teiid is primarily accessible through JBDC and has built-in support for Web services. Red Hat sells Teiid as [JBoss Data Virtualization][17].
|
||||
|
||||
-- Andrew C. Oliver
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Read about more open source winners ###
|
||||
|
||||
InfoWorld's Best of Open Source Awards for 2014 celebrate more than 100 open source projects, from the bottom of the stack to the top. Follow these links to more open source winners:
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source applications][18]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source application development tools][19]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source big data tools][20]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source data center and cloud software][21]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source desktop and mobile software][22]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source networking and security software][23]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982622/open-source-tools/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-applications.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[InfoWorld staff][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.infoworld.com/author/InfoWorld-staff/
|
||||
[1]:http://xtuple.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://odoo.com/
|
||||
[3]:http://idempiere.org/
|
||||
[4]:http://suitecrm.com/
|
||||
[5]:http://salesagility.com/
|
||||
[6]:http://civicrm.org/
|
||||
[7]:https://www.mautic.org/
|
||||
[8]:http://www.orangehrm.com/
|
||||
[9]:http://libreoffice.org/
|
||||
[10]:http://www.bonitasoft.com/
|
||||
[11]:http://camunda.com/
|
||||
[12]:http://talend.com/
|
||||
[13]:http://warewolf.io/
|
||||
[14]:http://www.knime.org/
|
||||
[15]:http://teiid.jboss.org/
|
||||
[16]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2922180/application-development/database-virtualization-or-i-dont-want-to-do-etl-anymore.html
|
||||
[17]:http://www.jboss.org/products/datavirt/overview/
|
||||
[18]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982622/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-applications.html
|
||||
[19]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982920/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-application-development-tools.html
|
||||
[20]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982429/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-big-data-tools.html
|
||||
[21]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982923/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-data-center-and-cloud-software.html
|
||||
[22]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982630/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-desktop-and-mobile-software.html
|
||||
[23]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982962/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-networking-and-security-software.html
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
|
||||
Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source big data tools
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
InfoWorld's top picks in distributed data processing, streaming analytics, machine learning, and other corners of large-scale data analytics
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### The best open source big data tools ###
|
||||
|
||||
How many Apache projects can sit on a pile of big data? Fire up your Hadoop cluster, and you might be able to count them. Among this year's Bossies in big data, you'll find the fastest, widest, and deepest newfangled solutions for large-scale SQL, stream processing, sort-of stream processing, and in-memory analytics, not to mention our favorite maturing members of the Hadoop ecosystem. It seems everyone has a nail to drive into MapReduce's coffin.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Spark ###
|
||||
|
||||
With hundreds of contributors, [Spark][1] is one of the most active and fastest-growing Apache projects, and with heavyweights like IBM throwing their weight behind the project and major corporations bringing applications into large-scale production, the momentum shows no signs of letting up.
|
||||
|
||||
The sweet spot for Spark continues to be machine learning. Highlights since last year include the replacement of the SchemaRDD with a Dataframes API, similar to those found in R and Pandas, making data access much simpler than with the raw RDD interface. Also new are ML pipelines for building repeatable machine learning workflows, expanded and optimized support for various storage formats, simpler interfaces to machine learning algorithms, improvements in the display of cluster resources usage, and task tracking.
|
||||
|
||||
On by default in Spark 1.5 is the off-heap memory manager, Tungsten, which offers much faster processing by fine-tuning data structure layout in memory. Finally, the new website, [spark-packages.org][2], with more than 100 third-party libraries, adds many useful features from the community.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Storm ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Apache Storm][3] is a Clojure-based distributed computation framework primarily for streaming real-time analytics. Storm is based on the [disruptor pattern][4] for low-latency complex event processing created LMAX. Unlike Spark, Storm can do single events as opposed to “micro-batches,” and it has a lower memory footprint. In my experience, it scales better for streaming, especially when you’re mainly streaming to ingest data into other data sources.
|
||||
|
||||
Storm’s profile has been eclipsed by Spark, but Spark is inappropriate for many streaming applications. Storm is frequently used with Apache Kafka.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Andrew C. Oliver
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### H2O ###
|
||||
|
||||
[H2O][5] is a distributed, in-memory processing engine for machine learning that boasts an impressive array of algorithms. Previously only available for R users, version 3.0 adds Python and Java language bindings, as well as a Spark execution engine for the back end. The best way to view H20 is as a very large memory extension of your R environment. Instead of working directly on large data sets, the R extensions communicate via a REST API with the H2O cluster, where H2O does the heavy lifting.
|
||||
|
||||
Several useful R packages such as ddply have been wrapped, allowing you to use them on data sets larger than the amount of RAM on the local machine. You can run H2O on EC2, on a Hadoop/YARN cluster, and on Docker containers. With Sparkling Water (Spark plus H2O) you can access Spark RDDs on the cluster side by side to, for example, process a data frame with Spark before passing it to an H2O machine learning algorithm.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Apex ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Apex][6] is an enterprise-grade, big data-in-motion platform that unifies stream processing as well as batch processing. A native YARN application, Apex processes streaming data in a scalable, fault-tolerant manner and provides all the common stream operators out of the box. One of the best things about Apex is that it natively supports the common event processing guarantees (exactly once, at least once, at most once). Formerly a commercial product by DataTorrent, Apex's roots show in the quality of the documentation, examples, code, and design. Devops and application development are cleanly separated, and user code generally doesn't have to be aware that it is running in a streaming cluster.
|
||||
|
||||
A related project, [Malhar][7], offers more than 300 commonly used operators and application templates that implement common business logic. The Malhar libraries significantly reduce the time it takes to develop an Apex application, and there are connectors (operators) for storage, file systems, messaging systems, databases, and nearly anything else you might want to connect to from an application. The operators can all be extended or customized to meet individual business's requirements. All Malhar components are available under the Apache license.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Druid ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Druid][8], which moved to a commercially friendly Apache license in February of this year, is best described as a hybrid, “event streams meet OLAP” solution. Originally developed to analyze online events for ad markets, Druid allows users to do arbitrary and interactive exploration of time series data. Some of the key features include low-latency ingest of events, fast aggregations, and approximate and exact calculations.
|
||||
|
||||
At the heart of Druid is a custom data store that uses specialized nodes to handle each part of the problem. Real-time ingest is managed by real-time nodes (JVMs) that eventually flush data to historical nodes that are responsible for data that has aged. Broker nodes direct queries in a scatter-gather fashion to both real-time and historical nodes to give the user a complete picture of events. Benchmarked at a sustained 500K events per second and 1 million events per second peak, Druid is ideal as a real-time dashboard for ad-tech, network traffic, and other activity streams.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Flink ###
|
||||
|
||||
At its core, [Flink][9] is a data flow engine for event streams. Although superficially similar to Spark, Flink takes a different approach to in-memory processing. First, Flink was designed from the start as a stream processor. Batch is simply a special case of a stream with a beginning and an end, and Flink offers APIs for dealing with each case, the DataSet API (batch) and the DataStream API. Developers coming from the MapReduce world should feel right at home working with the DataSet API, and porting applications to Flink should be straightforward. In many ways Flink mirrors the simplicity and consistency that helped make Spark so popular. Like Spark, Flink is written in Scala.
|
||||
|
||||
The developers of Flink clearly thought out usage and operations too: Flink works natively with YARN and Tez, and it uses an off-heap memory management scheme to work around some of the JVM limitations. A peek at the Flink JIRA site shows a healthy pace of development, and you’ll find an active community on the mailing lists and on StackOverflow as well.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Elasticsearch ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Elasticsearch][10] is a distributed document search server based on [Apache Lucene][11]. At its heart, Elasticsearch builds indices on JSON-formatted documents in nearly real time, enabling fast, full-text, schema-free queries. Combined with the open source Kibana dashboard, you can create impressive visualizations of your real-time data in a simple point-and-click fashion.
|
||||
|
||||
Elasticsearch is easy to set up and easy to scale, automatically making use of new hardware by rebalancing shards as required. The query syntax isn't at all SQL-like, but it is intuitive enough for anyone familiar with JSON. Most users won't be interacting at that level anyway. Developers can use the native JSON-over-HTTP interface or one of the several language bindings available, including Ruby, Python, PHP, Perl, .Net, Java, and JavaScript.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### SlamData ###
|
||||
|
||||
If you are seeking a user-friendly tool to visualize and understand your newfangled NoSQL data, take a look at [SlamData][12]. SlamData allows you to query nested JSON data using familiar SQL syntax, without relocation or transformation.
|
||||
|
||||
One of the technology’s main features is its connectors. From MongoDB to HBase, Cassandra, and Apache Spark, SlamData taps external data sources with the industry's most advanced “pushdown” processing technology, performing transformations and analytics close to the data.
|
||||
|
||||
While you might ask, “Wouldn’t I be better off building a data lake or data warehouse?” consider the companies that were born in NoSQL. Skipping the ETL and simply connecting a visualization tool to a replica offers distinct advantages -- not only in terms of how up-to-date the data is, but in how many moving parts you have to maintain.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Andrew C. Oliver
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Drill ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Drill][13] is a distributed system for interactive analysis of large-scale data sets, inspired by [Google's Dremel][14]. Designed for low-latency analysis of nested data, Drill has a stated design goal of scaling to 10,000 servers and querying petabytes of data and trillions of records.
|
||||
|
||||
Nested data can be obtained from a variety of data sources (such as HDFS, HBase, Amazon S3, and Azure Blobs) and in multiple formats (including JSON, Avro, and protocol buffers), and you don't need to specify a schema up front (“schema on read”).
|
||||
|
||||
Drill uses ANSI SQL:2003 for its query language, so there's no learning curve for data engineers to overcome, and it allows you to join data across multiple data sources (for example, joining a table in HBase with logs in HDFS). Finally, Drill offers ODBC and JDBC interfaces to connect your favorite BI tools.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### HBase ###
|
||||
|
||||
[HBase][15] reached the 1.x milestone this year and continues to improve. Like other nonrelational distributed datastores, HBase excels at returning search results very quickly and for this reason is often used to back search engines, such as the ones at eBay, Bloomberg, and Yahoo. As a stable and mature software offering, HBase does not get fresh features as frequently as newer projects, but that's often good for enterprises.
|
||||
|
||||
Recent improvements include the addition of high-availability region servers, support for rolling upgrades, and YARN compatibility. Features in the works include scanner updates that promise to improve performance and the ability to use HBase as a persistent store for streaming applications like Storm and Spark. HBase can also be queried SQL style via the [Phoenix][16] project, now out of incubation, whose SQL compatibility is steadily improving. Phoenix recently added a Spark connector and the ability to add custom user-defined functions.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Hive ###
|
||||
|
||||
Although stable and mature for several years, [Hive][17] reached the 1.0 version milestone this year and continues to be the best solution when really heavy SQL lifting (many petabytes) is required. The community continues to focus on improving the speed, scale, and SQL compliance of Hive. Currently at version 1.2, significant improvements since its last Bossie include full ACID semantics, cross-data center replication, and a cost-based optimizer.
|
||||
|
||||
Hive 1.2 also brought improved SQL compliance, making it easier for organizations to use it to off-load ETL jobs from their existing data warehouses. In the pipeline are speed improvements with an in-memory cache called LLAP (which, from the looks of the JIRAs, is about ready for release), the integration of Spark machine learning libraries, and improved SQL constructs like nonequi joins, interval types, and subqueries.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Kylin ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Kylin][18] is an application developed at eBay for processing very large OLAP cubes via ANSI SQL, a task familiar to most data analysts. If you think about how many items are on sale now and in the past at eBay, and all the ways eBay might want to slice and dice data related to those items, you will begin to understand the types of queries Kylin was designed for.
|
||||
|
||||
Like most other analysis applications, Kylin supports multiple access methods, including JDBC, ODBC, and a REST API for programmatic access. Although Kylin is still in incubation at Apache, and the community nascent, the project is well documented and the developers are responsive and eager to understand customer use cases. Getting up and running with a starter cube was a snap. If you have a need for analysis of extremely large cubes, you should take a look at Kylin.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### CDAP ###
|
||||
|
||||
[CDAP][19] (Cask Data Access Platform) is a framework running on top of Hadoop that abstracts away the complexity of building and running big data applications. CDAP is organized around two core abstractions: data and applications. CDAP Datasets are logical representations of data that behave uniformly regardless of the underlying storage layer; CDAP Streams provide similar support for real-time data.
|
||||
|
||||
Applications use CDAP services for things such as distributed transactions and service discovery to shield developers from the low-level details of Hadoop. CDAP comes with a data ingestion framework and a few prebuilt applications and “packs” for common tasks like ETL and website analytics, along with support for testing, debugging, and security. Like most formerly commercial (closed source) projects, CDAP benefits from good documentation, tutorials, and examples.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Ranger ###
|
||||
|
||||
Security has long been a sore spot with Hadoop. It isn’t (as is frequently reported) that Hadoop is “insecure” or “has no security.” Rather, the truth was more that Hadoop had too much security, though not in a good way. I mean that every component had its own authentication and authorization implementation that wasn’t integrated with the rest of platform.
|
||||
|
||||
Hortonworks acquired XA/Secure in May, and [a few renames later][20] we have [Ranger][21]. Ranger pulls many of the key components of Hadoop together under one security umbrella, allowing you to set a “policy” that ties your Hadoop security to your existing ACL-based Active Directory authentication and authorization. Ranger gives you one place to manage Hadoop access control, one place to audit, one place to manage the encryption, and a pretty Web page to do it from.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Andrew C. Oliver
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Mesos ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Mesos][22], developed at the [AMPLab][23] at U.C. Berkeley that also brought us Spark, takes a different approach to managing cluster computing resources. The best way to describe Mesos is as a distributed microkernel for the data center. Mesos provides a minimal set of operating system mechanisms like inter-process communications, disk access, and memory to higher-level applications, called “frameworks” in Mesos-speak, that run in what is analogous to user space. Popular frameworks for Mesos include [Chronos][24] and [Aurora][25] for building ETL pipelines and job scheduling, and a few big data processing applications including Hadoop, Storm, and Spark, which have been ported to run as Mesos frameworks.
|
||||
|
||||
Mesos applications (frameworks) negotiate for cluster resources using a two-level scheduling mechanism, so writing a Mesos application is unlikely to feel like a familiar experience to most developers. Although Mesos is a young project, momentum is growing, and with Spark being an exceptionally good fit for Mesos, we're likely to see more from Mesos in the coming years.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### NiFi ###
|
||||
|
||||
[NiFi][26] is an incubating Apache project to automate the flow of data between systems. It doesn't operate in the traditional space that Kafka and Storm do, but rather in the space between external devices and the data center. NiFi was originally developed by the NSA and donated to the open source community in 2014. It has a strong community of developers and users within various government agencies.
|
||||
|
||||
NiFi isn't like anything else in the current big data ecosystem. It is much closer to a tradition EAI (enterprise application integration) tool than a data processing platform, although simple transformations are possible. One interesting feature is the ability to debug and change data flows in real time. Although not quite a REPL (read, eval, print loop), this kind of paradigm dramatically shortens the development cycle by not requiring a compile-deploy-test-debug workflow. Other interesting features include a strong “chain of custody,” where each piece of data can be tracked from beginning to end, along with any changes made along the way. You can also prioritize data flows so that time-sensitive information can be received as quickly as possible, bypassing less time-critical events.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Kafka ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Kafka][27] has emerged as the de-facto standard for distributed publish-subscribe messaging in the big data space. Its design allows brokers to support thousands of clients at high rates of sustained message throughput, while maintaining durability through a distributed commit log. Kafka does this by maintaining what is essentially a single log file in HDFS. Since HDFS is a distributed storage system that keeps redundant copies, Kafka is protected.
|
||||
|
||||
When consumers want to read messages, Kafka looks up their offset in the central log and sends them. Because messages are not deleted immediately, adding consumers or replaying historical messages does not impose additional costs. Kafka has been benchmarked at 2 million writes per second by its developers at LinkedIn. Despite Kafka’s sub-1.0 version number, Kafka is a mature and stable product, in use in some of the largest clusters in the world.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### OpenTSDB ###
|
||||
|
||||
[OpenTSDB][28] is a time series database built on HBase. It was designed specifically for analyzing data collected from applications, mobile devices, networking equipment, and other hardware devices. The custom HBase schema used to store the time series data has been designed for fast aggregations and minimal storage requirements.
|
||||
|
||||
By using HBase as the underlying storage layer, OpenTSDB gains the distributed and reliable characteristics of that system. Users don't interact with HBase directly; instead events are written to the system via the time series daemon (TSD), which can be scaled out as required to handle high-throughput situations. There are a number of prebuilt connectors to publish data to OpenTSDB, and clients to read data from Ruby, Python, and other languages. OpenTSDB isn't strong on creating interactive graphics, but several third-party tools fill that gap. If you are already using HBase and want a simple way to store event data, OpenTSDB might be just the thing.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Jupyter ###
|
||||
|
||||
Everybody's favorite notebook application went generic. [Jupyter][29] is “the language-agnostic parts of IPython” spun out into an independent package. Although Jupyter itself is written in Python, the system is modular. Now you can have an IPython-like interface, along with notebooks for sharing code, documentation, and data visualizations, for nearly any language you like.
|
||||
|
||||
At least [50 language][30] kernels are already supported, including LISP, R, Ruby, F#, Perl, and Scala. In fact, even IPython itself is simply a Python module for Jupyter. Communication with the language kernel is via a REPL (read, eval, print loop) protocol, similar to [nREPL][31] or [Slime][32]. It is nice to see such a useful piece of software receiving significant [nonprofit funding][33] to further its development, such as parallel execution and multi-user notebooks. Behold, open source at its best.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Steven Nunez
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Zeppelin ###
|
||||
|
||||
While still in incubation, [Apache Zeppelin][34] is nevertheless stirring the data analytics and visualization pot. The Web-based notebook enables users to ingest, discover, analyze, and visualize their data. The notebook also allows you to collaborate with others to make data-driven, interactive documents incorporating a growing number of programming languages.
|
||||
|
||||
This technology also boasts an integration with Spark and an interpreter concept allowing any language or data processing back end to be plugged into Zeppelin. Currently Zeppelin supports interpreters such as Scala, Python, SparkSQL, Hive, Markdown, and Shell.
|
||||
|
||||
Zeppelin is still immature. I wanted to put a demo up but couldn’t find an easy way to disable “shell” as an execution option (among other things). However, it already looks better visually than IPython Notebook, which is the popular incumbent in this space. If you don’t want to spring for DataBricks Cloud or need something open source and extensible, this is the most promising distributed computing notebook around -- especially if you’re a Sparky type.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Andrew C. Oliver
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Read about more open source winners ###
|
||||
|
||||
InfoWorld's Best of Open Source Awards for 2014 celebrate more than 100 open source projects, from the bottom of the stack to the top. Follow these links to more open source winners:
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source applications][35]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source application development tools][36]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source big data tools][37]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source data center and cloud software][38]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source desktop and mobile software][39]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source networking and security software][40]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982429/open-source-tools/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-big-data-tools.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[InfoWorld staff][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.infoworld.com/author/InfoWorld-staff/
|
||||
[1]:https://spark.apache.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://spark-packages.org/
|
||||
[3]:https://storm.apache.org/
|
||||
[4]:https://lmax-exchange.github.io/disruptor/
|
||||
[5]:http://h2o.ai/product/
|
||||
[6]:https://www.datatorrent.com/apex/
|
||||
[7]:https://github.com/DataTorrent/Malhar
|
||||
[8]:https://druid.io/
|
||||
[9]:https://flink.apache.org/
|
||||
[10]:https://www.elastic.co/products/elasticsearch
|
||||
[11]:http://lucene.apache.org/
|
||||
[12]:http://teiid.jboss.org/
|
||||
[13]:https://drill.apache.org/
|
||||
[14]:http://research.google.com/pubs/pub36632.html
|
||||
[15]:http://hbase.apache.org/
|
||||
[16]:http://phoenix.apache.org/
|
||||
[17]:https://hive.apache.org/
|
||||
[18]:https://kylin.incubator.apache.org/
|
||||
[19]:http://cdap.io/
|
||||
[20]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2973381/application-development/apache-ranger-chuck-norris-hadoop-security.html
|
||||
[21]:https://ranger.incubator.apache.org/
|
||||
[22]:http://mesos.apache.org/
|
||||
[23]:https://amplab.cs.berkeley.edu/
|
||||
[24]:http://nerds.airbnb.com/introducing-chronos/
|
||||
[25]:http://aurora.apache.org/
|
||||
[26]:http://nifi.apache.org/
|
||||
[27]:https://kafka.apache.org/
|
||||
[28]:http://opentsdb.net/
|
||||
[29]:http://jupyter.org/
|
||||
[30]:http://https//github.com/ipython/ipython/wiki/IPython-kernels-for-other-languages
|
||||
[31]:https://github.com/clojure/tools.nrepl
|
||||
[32]:https://github.com/slime/slime
|
||||
[33]:http://blog.jupyter.org/2015/07/07/jupyter-funding-2015/
|
||||
[34]:https://zeppelin.incubator.apache.org/
|
||||
[35]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982622/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-applications.html
|
||||
[36]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982920/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-application-development-tools.html
|
||||
[37]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982429/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-big-data-tools.html
|
||||
[38]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982923/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-data-center-and-cloud-software.html
|
||||
[39]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982630/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-desktop-and-mobile-software.html
|
||||
[40]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982962/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-networking-and-security-software.html
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
|
||||
Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source data center and cloud software
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
InfoWorld's top picks of the year in open source platforms, infrastructure, management, and orchestration software
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### The best open source data center and cloud software ###
|
||||
|
||||
You might have heard about this new thing called Docker containers. Developers love them because you can build them with a script, add services in layers, and push them right from your MacBook Pro to a server for testing. It works because they're superlightweight, unlike those now-archaic virtual machines. Containers -- and other lightweight approaches to deliver services -- are changing the shape of operating systems, applications, and the tools to manage them. Our Bossie winners in data center and cloud are leading the charge.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Docker Machine, Compose, and Swarm ###
|
||||
|
||||
Docker’s open source container technology has been adopted by the major public clouds and is being built into the next version of Windows Server. Allowing developers and operations teams to separate applications from infrastructure, Docker is a powerful data center automation tool.
|
||||
|
||||
However, containers are only part of the Docker story. Docker also provides a series of tools that allow you to use the Docker API to automate the entire container lifecycle, as well as handling application design and orchestration.
|
||||
|
||||
[Machine][1] allows you to automate the provisioning of Docker Containers. Starting with a command line, you can use a single line of code to target one or more hosts, deploy the Docker engine, and even join it to a Swarm cluster. There’s support for most hypervisors and cloud platforms – all you need are your access credentials.
|
||||
|
||||
[Swarm][2] handles clustering and scheduling, and it can be integrated with Mesos for more advanced scheduling capabilities. You can use Swarm to build a pool of container hosts, allowing your apps to scale out as demand increases. Applications and all of their dependencies can be defined with [Compose][3], which lets you link containers together into a distributed application and launch them as a group. Compose descriptions work across platforms, so you can take a developer configuration and quickly deploy in production.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Simon Bisson
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### CoreOS and Rkt ###
|
||||
|
||||
A thin, lightweight server OS, [CoreOS][4] is based on Google’s Chromium OS. Instead of using a package manager to install functions, it’s designed to be used with Linux containers. By using containers to extend a thin core, CoreOS allows you to quickly deploy applications, working well on cloud infrastructures.
|
||||
|
||||
CoreOS’s container management tooling, fleet, is designed to treat a cluster of CoreOS servers as a single unit, with tools for managing high availability and for deploying containers to the cluster based on resource availability. A cross-cluster key/value store, etcd, handles device management and supports service discovery. If a node fails, etcd can quickly restore state on a new replica, giving you a distributed configuration management platform that’s linked to CoreOS’s automated update service.
|
||||
|
||||
While CoreOS is perhaps best known for its Docker support, the CoreOS team is developing its own container runtime, rkt, with its own container format, the App Container Image. Also compatible with Docker containers, rkt has a modular architecture that allows different containerization systems (even hardware virtualization, in a proof of concept from Intel) to be plugged in. However, rkt is still in the early stages of development, so isn’t quite production ready.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Simon Bisson
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### RancherOS ###
|
||||
|
||||
As we abstract more and more services away from the underlying operating system using containers, we can start thinking about what tomorrow’s operating system will look like. Similar to our applications, it’s going to be a modular set of services running on a thin kernel, self-configuring to offer only the services our applications need.
|
||||
|
||||
[RancherOS][5] is a glimpse of what that OS might look like. Blending the Linux kernel with Docker, RancherOS is a minimal OS suitable for hosting container-based applications in cloud infrastructures. Instead of using standard Linux packaging techniques, RancherOS leverages Docker to host Linux user-space services and applications in separate container layers. A low-level Docker instance is first to boot, hosting system services in their own containers. Users' applications run in a higher-level Docker instance, separate from the system containers. If one of your containers crashes, the host keeps running.
|
||||
|
||||
RancherOS is only 20MB in size, so it's easy to replicate across a data center. It’s also designed to be managed using automation tools, not manually, with API-level access that works with Docker’s management tools as well as with Rancher Labs’ own cloud infrastructure and management tools.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Simon Bisson
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Kubernetes ###
|
||||
|
||||
Google’s [Kubernetes][6] container orchestration system is designed to manage and run applications built in Docker and Rocket containers. Focused on managing microservice applications, Kubernetes lets you distribute your containers across a cluster of hosts, while handling scaling and ensuring managed services run reliably.
|
||||
|
||||
With containers providing an application abstraction layer, Kubernetes is an application-centric management service that supports many modern development paradigms, with a focus on user intent. That means you launch applications, and Kubernetes will manage the containers to run within the parameters you set, using the Kubernetes scheduler to make sure it gets the resources it needs. Containers are grouped into pods and managed by a replication engine that can recover failed containers or add more pods as applications scale.
|
||||
|
||||
Kubernetes powers Google’s own Container Engine, and it runs on a range of other cloud and data center services, including AWS and Azure, as well as vSphere and Mesos. Containers can be either loosely or tightly coupled, so applications not designed for cloud PaaS operations can be migrated to the cloud as a tightly coupled set of containers. Kubernetes also supports rapid deployment of applications to a cluster, giving you an endpoint for a continuous delivery process.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Simon Bisson
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Mesos ###
|
||||
|
||||
Turning a data center into a private or public cloud requires more than a hypervisor. It requires a new operating layer that can manage the data center resources as if they were a single computer, handling resources and scheduling. Described as a “distributed systems kernel,” [Apache Mesos][7] allows you to manage thousands of servers, using containers to host applications and APIs to support parallel application development.
|
||||
|
||||
At the heart of Mesos is a set of daemons that expose resources to a central scheduler. Tasks are distributed across nodes, taking advantage of available CPU and memory. One key approach is the ability for applications to reject offered resources if they don’t meet requirements. It’s an approach that works well for big data applications, and you can use Mesos to run Hadoop and Cassandra distributed databases, as well as Apache’s own Spark data processing engine. There’s also support for the Jenkins continuous integration server, allowing you to run build and test workers in parallel on a cluster of servers, dynamically adjusting the tasks depending on workload.
|
||||
|
||||
Designed to run on Linux and Mac OS X, Mesos has also recently been ported to Windows to support the development of scalable parallel applications on Azure.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Simon Bisson
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### SmartOS and SmartDataCenter ###
|
||||
|
||||
Joyent’s [SmartDataCenter][8] is the software that runs its public cloud, adding a management platform on top of its [SmartOS][9] thin server OS. A descendent of OpenSolaris that combines Zones containers and the KVM hypervisor, SmartOS is an in-memory operating system, quick to boot from a USB stick and run on bare-metal servers.
|
||||
|
||||
Using SmartOS, you can quickly deploy a set of lightweight servers that can be programmatically managed via a set of JSON APIs, with functionality delivered via virtual machines, downloaded by built-in image management tools. Through the use of VMs, all userland operations are isolated from the underlying OS, reducing the security exposure of both the host and guests.
|
||||
|
||||
SmartDataCenter runs on SmartOS servers, with one server running as a dedicated management node, and the rest of a cluster operating as compute nodes. You can get started with a Cloud On A Laptop build (available as a VMware virtual appliance) that lets you experiment with the management server. In a live data center, you’ll deploy SmartOS on your servers, using ZFS to handle storage – which includes your local image library. Services are deployed as images, with components stored in an object repository.
|
||||
|
||||
The combination of SmartDataCenter and SmartOS builds on the experience of Joyent’s public cloud, giving you a tried and tested set of tools that can help you bootstrap your own cloud data center. It’s an infrastructure focused on virtual machines today, but laying the groundwork for tomorrow. A related Joyent project, [sdc-docker][10], exposes an entire SmartDataCenter cluster as a single Docker host, driven by native Docker commands.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Simon Bisson
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Sensu ###
|
||||
|
||||
Managing large-scale data centers isn’t about working with server GUIs, it’s about automating scripts based on information from monitoring tools and services, routing information from sensors and logs, and then delivering actions to applications. One tool that’s beginning to offer this functionality is [Sensu][11], often described as a “monitoring router.”
|
||||
|
||||
Scripts running across your data center deliver information to Sensu, which then routes it to the appropriate handler, using a publish-and-subscribe architecture based on RabbitMQ. Servers can be distributed, delivering published check results to handler code. You might see results in email, or in a Slack room, or in Sensu’s own dashboards. Message formats are defined in JSON files, or mutators used to format data on the fly, and messages can be filtered to one or more event handlers.
|
||||
|
||||
Sensu is still a relatively young tool, but it’s one that shows a lot of promise. If you’re going to automate your data center, you’re going to need a tool like this not only to show you what’s happening, but to deliver that information where it’s most needed. A commercial option adds support for integration with third-party applications, but much of what you need to manage a data center is in the open source release.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Simon Bisson
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Prometheus ###
|
||||
|
||||
Managing a modern data center is a complex task. Racks of servers need to be treated like cattle rather than pets, and you need a monitoring system designed to handle hundreds and thousands of nodes. Monitoring applications presents special challenges, and that’s where [Prometheus][12] comes in to play. A service monitoring system designed to deliver alerts to operators, Prometheus can run on everything from a single laptop to a highly available cluster of monitoring servers.
|
||||
|
||||
Time series data is captured and stored, then compared against patterns to identify faults and problems. You’ll need to expose data on HTTP endpoints, using a YAML file to configure the server. A browser-based reporting tool handles displaying data, with an expression console where you can experiment with queries. Dashboards can be created with a GUI builder, or written using a series of templates, letting you deliver application consoles that can be managed using version control systems such as Git.
|
||||
|
||||
Captured data can be managed using expressions, which make it easy to aggregate data from several sources -- for example, letting you bring performance data from a series of Web endpoints into one store. An experimental alert manager module delivers alerts to common collaboration and devops tools, including Slack and PagerDuty. Official client libraries for common languages like Go and Java mean it’s easy to add Prometheus support to your applications and services, while third-party options extend Prometheus to Node.js and .Net.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Simon Bisson
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Elasticsearch, Logstash, and Kibana ###
|
||||
|
||||
Running a modern data center generates a lot of data, and it requires tools to get information out of that data. That’s where the combination of Elasticsearch, Logstash, and Kibana, often referred to as the ELK stack, comes into play.
|
||||
|
||||
Designed to handle scalable search across a mix of content types, including structured and unstructured documents, [Elasticsearch][13] builds on Apache’s Lucene information retrieval tools, with a RESTful JSON API. It’s used to provide search for sites like Wikipedia and GitHub, using a distributed index with automated load balancing and routing.
|
||||
|
||||
Under the fabric of a modern cloud is a physical array of servers, running as VM hosts. Monitoring many thousands of servers needs centralized logs. [Logstash][14] harvests and filters the logs generated by those servers (and by the applications running on them), using a forwarder on each physical and virtual machine. Logstash-formatted data is then delivered to Elasticsearch, giving you a search index that can be quickly scaled as you add more servers.
|
||||
|
||||
At a higher level, [Kibana][15] adds a visualization layer to Elasticsearch, providing a Web dashboard for exploring and analyzing the data. Dashboards can be created around custom searches and shared with your team, providing a quick, easy-to-digest devops information feed.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Simon Bisson
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Ansible ###
|
||||
|
||||
Managing server configuration is a key element of any devops approach to managing a modern data center or a cloud infrastructure. Configuration management tooling that takes a desired state approach to simplifies systems management at cloud scale, using server and application descriptions to handle server and application deployment.
|
||||
|
||||
[Ansible][16] offers a minimal management service, using SSH to manage Unix nodes and PowerShell to work with Windows servers, with no need to deploy agents. An Ansible Playbook describes the state of a server or service in YAML, deploying Ansible modules to servers that handle configuration and removing them once the service is running. You can use Playbooks to orchestrate tasks -- for example, deploying several Web endpoints with a single script.
|
||||
|
||||
It’s possible to make module creation and Playbook delivery part of a continuous delivery process, using build tools to deliver configurations and automate deployment. Ansible can pull in information from cloud service providers, simplifying management of virtual machines and networks. Monitoring tools in Ansible are able to trigger additional deployments automatically, helping manage and control cloud services, as well as working to manage resources used by large-scale data platforms like Hadoop.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Simon Bisson
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Jenkins ###
|
||||
|
||||
Getting continuous delivery right requires more than a structured way of handling development; it also requires tools for managing test and build. That’s where the [Jenkins][17] continuous integration server comes in. Jenkins works with your choice of source control, your test harnesses, and your build server. It’s a flexible tool, initially designed for working with Java but now extended to support Web and mobile development and even to build Windows applications.
|
||||
|
||||
Jenkins is perhaps best thought of as a switching network, shunting files through a test and build process, and responding to signals from the various tools you’re using – thanks to a library of more than 1,000 plug-ins. These include tools for integrating Jenkins with both local Git instances and GitHub so that it's possible to extend a continuous development model into your build and delivery processes.
|
||||
|
||||
Using an automation tool like Jenkins is as much about adopting a philosophy as it is about implementing a build process. Once you commit to continuous integration as part of a continuous delivery model, you’ll be running test and build cycles as soon as code is delivered to your source control release branch – and delivering it to users as soon as it’s in the main branch.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Simon Bisson
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Node.js and io.js ###
|
||||
|
||||
Modern cloud applications are built using different design patterns from the familiar n-tier enterprise and Web apps. They’re distributed, event-driven collections of services that can be quickly scaled and can support many thousands of simultaneous users. One key technology in this new paradigm is [Node.js][18], used by many major cloud platforms and easy to install as part of a thin server or container on cloud infrastructure.
|
||||
|
||||
Key to the success of Node.js is the Npm package format, which allows you to quickly install extensions to the core Node.js service. These include frameworks like Express and Seneca, which help build scalable applications. A central registry handles package distribution, and dependencies are automatically installed.
|
||||
|
||||
While the [io.js][19] fork exposed issues with project governance, it also allowed a group of developers to push forward adding ECMAScript 6 support to an Npm-compatible engine. After reconciliation between the two teams, the Node.js and io.js codebases have been merged, with new releases now coming from the io.js code repository.
|
||||
|
||||
Other forks, like Microsoft’s io.js fork to add support for its 64-bit Chakra JavaScript engine alongside Google’s V8, are likely to be merged back into the main branch over the next year, keeping the Node.js platform evolving and cementing its role as the preferred host for cloud-scale microservices.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Simon Bisson
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Seneca ###
|
||||
|
||||
The developers of the [Seneca][20] microservice framework have a motto: “Build it now, scale it later!” It’s an apt maxim for anyone thinking about developing microservices, as it allows you to start small, then add functionality as your service grows.
|
||||
|
||||
Seneca is at heart an implementation of the [actor/message design pattern][21], focused on using Node.js as a switching engine that takes in messages, processes their contents, and sends an appropriate response, either to the message originator or to another service. By focusing on the message patterns that map to business use cases, it’s relatively easy to take Seneca and quickly build a minimum viable product for your application. A plug-in architecture makes it easy to integrate Seneca with other tools and to quickly add functionality to your services.
|
||||
|
||||
You can easily add new patterns to your codebase or break existing patterns into separate services as the needs of your application grow or change. One pattern can also call another, allowing quick code reuse. It’s also easy to add Seneca to a message bus, so you can use it as a framework for working with data from Internet of things devices, as all you need to do is define a listening port where JSON data is delivered.
|
||||
|
||||
Services may not be persistent, and Seneca gives you the option of using a built-in object relational mapping layer to handle data abstraction, with plug-ins for common databases.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Simon Bisson
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### .Net Core and ASP.Net vNext ###
|
||||
|
||||
Microsoft’s [open-sourcing of .Net][22] is bringing much of the company’s Web platform into the open. The new [.Net Core][23] release runs on Windows, on OS X, and on Linux. Currently migrating from Microsoft’s Codeplex repository to GitHub, .Net Core offers a more modular approach to .Net, allowing you to install the functions you need as you need them.
|
||||
|
||||
Currently under development is [ASP.Net 5][24], an open source version of the Web platform, which runs on .Net Core. You can work with it as the basis of Web apps using Microsoft’s MVC 6 framework. There’s also support for the new SignalR libraries, which add support for WebSockets and other real-time communications protocols.
|
||||
|
||||
If you’re planning on using Microsoft’s new Nano server, you’ll be writing code against .Net Core, as it’s designed for thin environments. The new DNX, the .Net Execution environment, simplifies deployment of ASP.Net applications on a wide range of platforms, with tools for packaging code and for booting a runtime on a host. Features are added using the NuGet package manager, letting you use only the libraries you want.
|
||||
|
||||
Microsoft’s open source .Net is still very young, but there’s a commitment in Redmond to ensure it’s successful. Support in Microsoft’s own next-generation server operating systems means it has a place in both the data center and the cloud.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Simon Bisson
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### GlusterFS ###
|
||||
|
||||
[GlusterFS][25] is a distributed file system. Gluster aggregates various storage servers into one large parallel network file system. You can [even use it in place of HDFS in a Hadoop cluster][26] or in place of an expensive SAN system -- or both. While HDFS is great for Hadoop, having a general-purpose distributed file system that doesn’t require you to transfer data to another location to analyze it is a key advantage.
|
||||
|
||||
In an era of commoditized hardware, commoditized computing, and increased performance and latency requirements, buying a big, fat expensive EMC SAN and hoping it fits all of your needs (it won’t) is no longer your sole viable option. GlusterFS was acquired by Red Hat in 2011.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Andrew C. Oliver
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Read about more open source winners ###
|
||||
|
||||
InfoWorld's Best of Open Source Awards for 2014 celebrate more than 100 open source projects, from the bottom of the stack to the top. Follow these links to more open source winners:
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source applications][27]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source application development tools][28]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source big data tools][29]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source data center and cloud software][30]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source desktop and mobile software][31]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source networking and security software][32]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982923/open-source-tools/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-data-center-and-cloud-software.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[InfoWorld staff][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.infoworld.com/author/InfoWorld-staff/
|
||||
[1]:https://www.docker.com/docker-machine
|
||||
[2]:https://www.docker.com/docker-swarm
|
||||
[3]:https://www.docker.com/docker-compose
|
||||
[4]:https://coreos.com/
|
||||
[5]:http://rancher.com/rancher-os/
|
||||
[6]:http://kubernetes.io/
|
||||
[7]:https://mesos.apache.org/
|
||||
[8]:https://github.com/joyent/sdc
|
||||
[9]:https://smartos.org/
|
||||
[10]:https://github.com/joyent/sdc-docker
|
||||
[11]:https://sensuapp.org/
|
||||
[12]:http://prometheus.io/
|
||||
[13]:https://www.elastic.co/products/elasticsearch
|
||||
[14]:https://www.elastic.co/products/logstash
|
||||
[15]:https://www.elastic.co/products/kibana
|
||||
[16]:http://www.ansible.com/home
|
||||
[17]:https://jenkins-ci.org/
|
||||
[18]:https://nodejs.org/en/
|
||||
[19]:https://iojs.org/en/
|
||||
[20]:http://senecajs.org/
|
||||
[21]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2976422/application-development/how-to-use-actors-in-distributed-applications.html
|
||||
[22]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2846450/microsoft-net/microsoft-open-sources-server-side-net-launches-visual-studio-2015-preview.html
|
||||
[23]:https://dotnet.github.io/core/
|
||||
[24]:http://www.asp.net/vnext
|
||||
[25]:http://www.gluster.org/
|
||||
[26]:http://www.gluster.org/community/documentation/index.php/Hadoop
|
||||
[27]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982622/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-applications.html
|
||||
[28]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982920/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-application-development-tools.html
|
||||
[29]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982429/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-big-data-tools.html
|
||||
[30]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982923/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-data-center-and-cloud-software.html
|
||||
[31]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982630/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-desktop-and-mobile-software.html
|
||||
[32]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982962/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-networking-and-security-software.html
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
|
||||
Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source desktop and mobile software
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
InfoWorld's top picks in open source productivity tools, desktop utilities, and mobile apps
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### The best open source desktop and mobile software ###
|
||||
|
||||
Open source on the desktop has a long and distinguished history, and many of our Bossie winners in this category go back many years. Packed with features and still improving, some of these tools offer compelling alternatives to pricey commercial software. Others are utilities that we lean on daily for one reason or another -- the can openers and potato peelers of desktop productivity. One or two of them either plug holes in Windows, or they go the distance where Windows falls short.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### LibreOffice ###
|
||||
|
||||
With the major release of version 5 in August, the Document Foundation’s [LibreOffice][1] offers a completely redesigned user interface, better compatibility with Microsoft Office (including good-but-not-great DOCX, XLSX, and PPTX file format support), and significant improvements to Calc, the spreadsheet application.
|
||||
|
||||
Set against a turbulent background, the LibreOffice effort split from OpenOffice.org in 2010. In 2011, Oracle announced it would no longer support OpenOffice.org, and handed the trademark to the Apache Software Foundation. Since then, it has become [increasingly clear][2] that LibreOffice is winning the race for developers, features, and users.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Woody Leonhard
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Firefox ###
|
||||
|
||||
In the battle of the big browsers, [Firefox][3] gets our vote over its longtime open source rival Chromium for two important reasons:
|
||||
|
||||
• **Memory use**. Chromium, like its commercial cousin Chrome, has a nasty propensity to glom onto massive amounts of memory.
|
||||
|
||||
• **Privacy**. Witness the [recent controversy][4] over Chromium automatically downloading a microphone snooping program to respond to “OK, Google.”
|
||||
|
||||
Firefox may not have the most features or the down-to-the-millisecond fastest rendering engine. But it’s solid, stingy with resources, highly extensible, and most of all, it comes with no strings attached. There’s no ulterior data-gathering motive.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Woody Leonhard
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Thunderbird ###
|
||||
|
||||
A longtime favorite email client, Mozilla’s [Thunderbird][5], may be getting a bit long in the tooth, but it’s still supported and showing signs of life. The latest version, 38.2, arrived in August, and there are plans for more development.
|
||||
|
||||
Mozilla officially pulled its people off the project back in July 2012, but a hardcore group of volunteers, led by Kent James and the all-volunteer Thunderbird Council, continues to toil away. While you won’t find the latest email innovations in Thunderbird, you will find a solid core of basic functions based on local storage. If having mail in the cloud spooks you, it’s a good, private alternative. And if James goes ahead with his idea of encrypting Thunderbird mail end-to-end, there may be significant new life in the old bird.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Woody Leonhard
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Notepad++ ###
|
||||
|
||||
If Windows Notepad handles all of your text editing (and source code editing and HTML editing) needs, more power to ya. For Windows users who yearn for a little bit more in a text editor, there’s Don Ho’s [Notepad++][6], which is the editor I turn to, over and over again.
|
||||
|
||||
With tabbed views, drag-and-drop, color-coded hints for completing HTML commands, bookmarks, macro recording, shortcut keys, and every text encoding format you’re likely to encounter, Notepad++ takes text to a new level. We get frequent updates, too, with the latest in August.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Woody Leonhard
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### VLC ###
|
||||
|
||||
The stalwart [VLC][7] (formerly known as VideoLan Client) runs almost any kind of media file on almost any platform. Yes, it even works as a remote control on Apple Watch.
|
||||
|
||||
The tiled Universal app version for Windows 10, in the Windows Store, draws some criticism for instability and lack of control, but in most cases VLC works, and it works well -- without external codecs. It even supports Blu-ray formats with two new libraries.
|
||||
|
||||
The desktop version is a must-have for Windows 10, unless you’re ready to run the advertising gauntlets that are the Universal Groove Music and Movies & TV apps from Microsoft. VLC received a major [feature update][8] in February and a comprehensive bug fix in April.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Woody Leonhard
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 7-Zip ###
|
||||
|
||||
Long recognized as the preeminent open source ZIP archive manager for Windows, [7-Zip][9] works like a champ, even on the Windows 10 desktop. Full coverage for RAR files, which can be problematic in Windows, combine with password-protected file creation and support for self-extracting ZIPs. It’s one of those programs that just works.
|
||||
|
||||
Yes, it would be nice to get a more modern file picker. Yes, it would be interesting to see a tiled Universal app version. But even without the fancy bells and whistles, 7-Zip deserves a place on every Windows desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Woody Leonhard
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Handbrake ###
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to convert your DVDs (or video files in any commonly used format) into a file in some other format, or simply scrape them off a silver coaster, [Handbrake][10] is the way to do it. If you’re a Windows user, Handbrake is almost indispensible, since Microsoft doesn’t believe in ripping DVDs.
|
||||
|
||||
Handbrake presents a number of handy presets for optimizing conversions for your target device (iPod, iPad, Android Tablet, and so on) It’s simple, and it’s fast. With the latest round of bug fixes released in June, Handbrake’s keeping up on maintenance -- and it works fine on the Windows 10 desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Woody Leonhard
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### KeePass ###
|
||||
|
||||
I’ll confess that I almost gave up on [KeePass][11] because the primary download site goes to Sourceforge. That means you have to be extremely careful which boxes are checked and what you click on (and when) as you attempt to download and install the software. While KeePass itself is 100 percent clean open source (GNU GPL), Sourceforge doesn’t feel so constrained, and its [installers reek of crapware][12].
|
||||
|
||||
One of many local-file password storage programs, KeePass distinguishes itself with broad scope, as well as its ability to run on all sorts of platforms, no installation required. KeePass will save not only passwords, but also credit card information and freely structured information. It provides a strong random password generator, and the database itself is locked with AES and Twofish, so nobody’s going to crack it. And it’s kept up to date, with a new stable release last month.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Woody Leonhard
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### VirtualBox ###
|
||||
|
||||
With a major release published in July, Oracle’s open source [VirtualBox][13] -- available for Windows, OS X, Linux, even Solaris --continues to give commercial counterparts VMware Workstation, VMware Fusion, Parallels Desktop, and Microsoft’s Hyper-V a hard run for their money. The Oracle team is still getting the final Windows 10 bugs ironed out, but come to think of it, so is Microsoft.
|
||||
|
||||
VirtualBox doesn’t quite match the performance or polish of the VMware and Parallels products, but it’s getting closer. Version 5 brought long-awaited drag-and-drop support, making it easier to move files between VMs and host.
|
||||
|
||||
I prefer VirtualBox over Hyper-V because it’s easy to control external devices. In Hyper-V, for example, getting sound to work is a pain in the neck, but in VirtualBox it only takes a click in setup. The shared clipboard between VM and host works wonders. Running speed on both is roughly the same, with a slight advantage to Hyper-V. But managing VirtualBox machines is much easier.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Woody Leonhard
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Inkscape ###
|
||||
|
||||
If you stand in awe of the designs created with Adobe Illustrator (or even CorelDraw), take a close look at [Inkscape][14]. Scalable vector images never looked so good.
|
||||
|
||||
Version 0.91, released in January, uses a new internal graphics rendering engine called Cairo, sponsored by Google, to make the app run faster and allow for more accurate rendering. Inkscape will read and write SVG, PNG, PDF, even EPS, and many other formats. It can export Flash XML Graphics, HTML5 Canvas, and XAML, among others.
|
||||
|
||||
There’s a strong community around Inkscape, and it’s built for easy extensibility. It’s available for Windows, OS X, and Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Woody Leonhard
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### KeePassDroid ###
|
||||
|
||||
Trying to remember all of the passwords we need today is impossible, and creating new ones to meet stringent password policy requirements can be agonizing. A port of KeePass for Android, [KeePassDroid][15] brings sanity preserving password management to mobile devices.
|
||||
|
||||
Like KeyPass, KeyPassDroid makes creating and accessing passwords easy, requiring you to recall only a single master password. It supports both DES and Twofish algorithms for encrypting all passwords, and it goes a step further by encrypting the entire password database, not only the password fields. Notes and other password pertinent information are encrypted too.
|
||||
|
||||
While KeePassDroid's interface is minimal -- dated, some would say -- it gets the job done with bare-bones efficiency. Need to generate passwords that have certain character sets and lengths? KeePassDroid can do that with ease. With more than a million downloads on the Google Play Store, you could say this app definitely fills a need.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Victor R. Garza
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Prey ###
|
||||
|
||||
Loss or theft of mobile devices is all too common these days. While there are many tools in the enterprise to manage and erase data either misplaced or stolen from an organization, [Prey][16] facilitates the recovery of the phone, laptop, or tablet, and not just the wiping of potentially sensitive information from the device.
|
||||
|
||||
Prey is a Web service that works with an open source installed agent for Linux, OS X, Windows, Android, and iOS devices. Prey tracks your lost or stolen device by using either the device's GPS, the native geolocation provided by newer operating systems, or an associated Wi-Fi hotspot to home in on the location.
|
||||
|
||||
If your smartphone is lost or stolen, send a text message to the device to activate Prey. For stolen tablets or laptops, use the Prey Project's cloud-based control panel to select the device as missing. The Prey agent on any device can then take a screenshot of the active applications, turn on the camera to catch a thief's image, reset the device to the factory settings, or fully lock down the device.
|
||||
|
||||
Should you want to retrieve your lost items, the Prey Project strongly suggests you contact your local police to have them assist you.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Victor R. Garza
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Orbot ###
|
||||
|
||||
The premiere proxy application for Android, [Orbot][17] leverages the volunteer-operated network of virtual tunnels called Tor (The Onion Router) to keep all communications private. Orbot works with companion applications [Orweb][18] for secure Web browsing and [ChatSecure][19] for secure chat. In fact, any Android app that allows its proxy settings to be changed can be secured with Orbot.
|
||||
|
||||
One thing to remember about the Tor network is that it's designed for secure, lightweight communications, not for pulling down torrents or watching YouTube videos. Surfing media-rich sites like Facebook can be painfully slow. Your Orbot communications won't be blazing fast, but they will stay private and confidential.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Victor R. Garza
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Tails ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Tails][20], or The Amnesic Incognito Live System, is a Linux Live OS that can be booted from a USB stick, DVD, or SD card. It’s often used covertly in the Deep Web to secure traffic when purchasing illicit substances, but it can also be used to avoid tracking, support freedom of speech, circumvent censorship, and promote liberty.
|
||||
|
||||
Leveraging Tor (The Onion Router), Tails keeps all communications secure and private and promises to leave no trace on any computer after it’s used. It performs disk encryption with LUKS, protects instant messages with OTR, encrypts Web traffic with the Tor Browser and HTTPS Everywhere, and securely deletes files via Nautilus Wipe. Tails even has an office suite, image editor, and the like.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, it's always possible to be traced while using any system if you're not careful, so be vigilant when using Tails and follow good privacy practices, like turning off JavaScript while using Tor. And be aware that Tails isn't necessarily going to be speedy, even while using a fiber connect, but that's what you pay for anonymity.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Victor R. Garza
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Read about more open source winners ###
|
||||
|
||||
InfoWorld's Best of Open Source Awards for 2014 celebrate more than 100 open source projects, from the bottom of the stack to the top. Follow these links to more open source winners:
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source applications][21]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source application development tools][22]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source big data tools][23]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source data center and cloud software][24]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source desktop and mobile software][25]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source networking and security software][26]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982630/open-source-tools/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-desktop-and-mobile-software.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[InfoWorld staff][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.infoworld.com/author/InfoWorld-staff/
|
||||
[1]:https://www.libreoffice.org/download/libreoffice-fresh/
|
||||
[2]:http://lwn.net/Articles/637735/
|
||||
[3]:https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new/
|
||||
[4]:https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2015/06/24/not-ok-google-privacy-advocates-take-on-the-chromium-team-and-win/
|
||||
[5]:https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/thunderbird/
|
||||
[6]:https://notepad-plus-plus.org/
|
||||
[7]:http://www.videolan.org/vlc/index.html
|
||||
[8]:http://www.videolan.org/press/vlc-2.2.0.html
|
||||
[9]:http://www.7-zip.org/
|
||||
[10]:https://handbrake.fr/
|
||||
[11]:http://keepass.info/
|
||||
[12]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2931753/open-source-software/sourceforge-the-end-cant-come-too-soon.html
|
||||
[13]:https://www.virtualbox.org/
|
||||
[14]:https://inkscape.org/en/download/windows/
|
||||
[15]:http://www.keepassdroid.com/
|
||||
[16]:http://preyproject.com/
|
||||
[17]:https://www.torproject.org/docs/android.html.en
|
||||
[18]:https://guardianproject.info/apps/orweb/
|
||||
[19]:https://guardianproject.info/apps/chatsecure/
|
||||
[20]:https://tails.boum.org/
|
||||
[21]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982622/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-applications.html
|
||||
[22]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982920/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-application-development-tools.html
|
||||
[23]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982429/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-big-data-tools.html
|
||||
[24]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982923/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-data-center-and-cloud-software.html
|
||||
[25]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982630/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-desktop-and-mobile-software.html
|
||||
[26]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982962/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-networking-and-security-software.html
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
|
||||
Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source networking and security software
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
InfoWorld's top picks of the year among open source tools for building, operating, and securing networks
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### The best open source networking and security software ###
|
||||
|
||||
BIND, Sendmail, OpenSSH, Cacti, Nagios, Snort -- open source software seems to have been invented for networks, and many of the oldies and goodies are still going strong. Among our top picks in the category this year, you'll find a mix of stalwarts, mainstays, newcomers, and upstarts perfecting the arts of network management, security monitoring, vulnerability assessment, rootkit detection, and much more.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Icinga 2 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Icinga began life as a fork of system monitoring application Nagios. [Icinga 2][1] was completely rewritten to give users a modern interface, support for multiple databases, and an API to integrate numerous extensions. With out-of-the-box load balancing, notifications, and configuration, Icinga 2 shortens the time to installation for complex environments. Icinga 2 supports Graphite natively, giving administrators real-time performance graphing without any fuss. But what puts Icinga back on the radar this year is its release of Icinga Web 2, a graphical front end with drag-and-drop customizable dashboards and streamlined monitoring tools.
|
||||
|
||||
Administrators can view, filter, and prioritize problems, while keeping track of which actions have already been taken. A new matrix view lets administrators view hosts and services on one page. You can view events over a particular time period or filter incidents to understand which ones need immediate attention. Icinga Web 2 may boast a new interface and zippier performance, but all the usual commands from Icinga Classic and Icinga Web are still available. That means there is no downtime trying to learn a new version of the tool.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Fahmida Rashid
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Zenoss Core ###
|
||||
|
||||
Another open source stalwart, [Zenoss Core][2] gives network administrators a complete, one-stop solution for tracking and managing all of the applications, servers, storage, networking components, virtualization tools, and other elements of an enterprise infrastructure. Administrators can make sure the hardware is running efficiently and take advantage of the modular design to plug in ZenPacks for extended functionality.
|
||||
|
||||
Zenoss Core 5, released in February of this year, takes the already powerful tool and improves it further, with an enhanced user interface and expanded dashboard. The Web-based console and dashboards were already highly customizable and dynamic, and the new version now lets administrators mash up multiple component charts onto a single chart. Think of it as the tool for better root cause and cause/effect analysis.
|
||||
|
||||
Portlets give additional insights for network mapping, device issues, daemon processes, production states, watch lists, and event views, to name a few. And new HTML5 charts can be exported outside the tool. The Zenoss Control Center allows out-of-band management and monitoring of all Zenoss components. Zenoss Core has new tools for online backup and restore, snapshots and rollbacks, and multihost deployment. Even more important, deployments are faster with full Docker support.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Fahmida Rashid
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### OpenNMS ###
|
||||
|
||||
An extremely flexible network management solution, [OpenNMS][3] can handle any network management task, whether it's device management, application performance monitoring, inventory control, or events management. With IPv6 support, a robust alerts system, and the ability to record user scripts to test Web applications, OpenNMS has everything network administrators and testers need. OpenNMS has become, as now a mobile dashboard, called OpenNMS Compass, lets networking pros keep an eye on their network even when they're out and about.
|
||||
|
||||
The iOS version of the app, which is available on the [iTunes App Store][4], displays outages, nodes, and alarms. The next version will offer additional event details, resource graphs, and information about IP and SNMP interfaces. The Android version, available on [Google Play][5], displays network availability, outages, and alarms on the dashboard, as well as the ability to acknowledge, escalate, or clear alarms. The mobile clients are compatible with OpenNMS Horizon 1.12 or greater and OpenNMS Meridian 2015.1.0 or greater.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Fahmida Rashid
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Security Onion ###
|
||||
|
||||
Like an onion, network security monitoring is made of many layers. No single tool will give you visibility into every attack or show you every reconnaissance or foot-printing session on your company network. [Security Onion][6] bundles scores of proven tools into one handy Ubuntu distro that will allow you to see who's inside your network and help keep the bad guys out.
|
||||
|
||||
Whether you're taking a proactive approach to network security monitoring or following up on a potential attack, Security Onion can assist. Consisting of sensor, server, and display layers, the Onion combines full network packet capture with network-based and host-based intrusion detection, and it serves up all of the various logs for inspection and analysis.
|
||||
|
||||
The star-studded network security toolchain includes Netsniff-NG for packet capture, Snort and Suricata for rules-based network intrusion detection, Bro for analysis-based network monitoring, OSSEC for host intrusion detection, and Sguil, Squert, Snorby, and ELSA (Enterprise Log Search and Archive) for display, analysis, and log management. It’s a carefully vetted collection of tools, all wrapped in a wizard-driven installer and backed by thorough documentation, that can help you get from zero to monitoring as fast as possible.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Victor R. Garza
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Kali Linux
|
||||
|
||||
The team behind [Kali Linux][7] revamped the popular security Linux distribution this year to make it faster and even more versatile. Kali sports a new 4.0 kernel, improved hardware and wireless driver support, and a snappier interface. The most popular tools are easily accessible from a dock on the side of the screen. The biggest change? Kali Linux is now a rolling distribution, with a continuous stream of software updates. Kali's core system is based on Debian Jessie, and the team will pull packages continuously from Debian Testing, while continuing to add new Kali-flavored features on top.
|
||||
|
||||
The distribution still comes jam-packed with tools for penetration testing, vulnerability analysis, security forensics, Web application analysis, wireless networking and assessment, reverse engineering, and exploitation tools. Now the distribution has an upstream version checking system that will automatically notify users when updates are available for the individual tools. The distribution also features ARM images for a range of devices, including Raspberry Pi, Chromebook, and Odroids, as well as updates to the NetHunter penetration testing platform that runs on Android devices. There are other changes too: Metasploit Community/Pro is no longer included, because Kali 2.0 is not yet [officially supported by Rapid7][8].
|
||||
|
||||
-- Fahmida Rashid
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### OpenVAS ###
|
||||
|
||||
[OpenVAS][9], the Open Vulnerability Assessment System, is a framework that combines multiple services and tools to offer vulnerability scanning and vulnerability management. The scanner is coupled with a weekly feed of network vulnerability tests, or you can use a feed from a commercial service. The framework includes a command-line interface (so it can be scripted) and an SSL-secured, browser-based interface via the [Greenbone Security Assistant][10]. OpenVAS accommodates various plug-ins for additional functionality. Scans can be scheduled or run on-demand.
|
||||
|
||||
Multiple OpenVAS installations can be controlled through a single master, which makes this a scalable vulnerability assessment tool for enterprises. The project is as compatible with standards as can be: Scan results and configurations are stored in a SQL database, where they can be accessed easily by external reporting tools. Client tools access the OpenVAS Manager via the XML-based stateless OpenVAS Management Protocol, so security administrators can extend the functionality of the framework. The software can be installed from packages or source code to run on Windows or Linux, or downloaded as a virtual appliance.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Matt Sarrel
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### OWASP ###
|
||||
|
||||
[OWASP][11], the Open Web Application Security Project, is a nonprofit organization with worldwide chapters focused on improving software security. The community-driven organization provides test tools, documentation, training, and almost anything you could imagine that’s related to assessing software security and best practices for developing secure software. Several OWASP projects have become valuable components of many a security practitioner's toolkit:
|
||||
|
||||
[ZAP][12], the Zed Attack Proxy Project, is a penetration test tool for finding vulnerabilities in Web applications. One of the design goals of ZAP was to make it easy to use so that developers and functional testers who aren't security experts can benefit from using it. ZAP provides automated scanners and a set of manual test tools.
|
||||
|
||||
The [Xenotix XSS Exploit Framework][13] is an advanced cross-site scripting vulnerability detection and exploitation framework that runs scans within browser engines to get real-world results. The Xenotix Scanner Module uses three intelligent fuzzers, and it can run through nearly 5,000 distinct XSS payloads. An API lets security administrators extend and customize the exploit toolkit.
|
||||
|
||||
[O-Saft][14], or the OWASP SSL advanced forensic tool, is an SSL auditing tool that shows detailed information about SSL certificates and tests SSL connections. This command-line tool can run online or offline to assess SSL security such as ciphers and configurations. O-Saft provides built-in checks for common vulnerabilities, and you can easily extend these through scripting. In May 2015 a simple GUI was added as an optional download.
|
||||
|
||||
[OWTF][15], the Offensive Web Testing Framework, is an automated test tool that follows OWASP testing guidelines and the NIST and PTES standards. The framework uses both a Web UI and a CLI, and it probes Web and application servers for common vulnerabilities such as improper configuration and unpatched software.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Matt Sarrel
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### BeEF ###
|
||||
|
||||
The Web browser has become the most common vector for attacks against clients. [BeEF][15], the Browser Exploitation Framework Project, is a widely used penetration tool to assess Web browser security. BeEF helps you expose the security weaknesses of client systems using client-side attacks launched through the browser. BeEF sets up a malicious website, which security administrators visit from the browser they want to test. BeEF then sends commands to attack the Web browser and use it to plant software on the client machine. Administrators can then launch attacks on the client machine as if they were zombies.
|
||||
|
||||
BeEF comes with commonly used modules like a key logger, a port scanner, and a Web proxy, plus you can write your own modules or send commands directly to the zombified test machine. BeEF comes with a handful of demo Web pages to help you get started and makes it very easy to write additional Web pages and attack modules so you can customize testing to your environment. BeEF is a valuable test tool for assessing browser and endpoint security and for learning how browser-based attacks are launched. Use it to put together a demo to show your users how malware typically infects client devices.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Matt Sarrel
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Unhide ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Unhide][16] is a forensic tool that locates open TCP/UDP ports and hidden process on UNIX, Linux, and Windows. Hidden ports and processes can be the result of rootkit or LKM (loadable kernel module) activity. Rootkits can be difficult to find and remove because they are designed to be stealthy, hiding themselves from the OS and user. A rootkit can use LKMs to hide its processes or impersonate other processes, allowing it to run on machines undiscovered for a long time. Unhide can provide the assurance that administrators need to know their systems are clean.
|
||||
|
||||
Unhide is really two separate scripts: one for processes and one for ports. The tool interrogates running processes, threads, and open ports and compares this info to what's registered with the system as active, reporting discrepancies. Unhide and WinUnhide are extremely lightweight scripts that run from the command line to produce text output. They're not pretty, but they are extremely useful. Unhide is also included in the [Rootkit Hunter][17] project.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Matt Sarrel
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Read about more open source winners
|
||||
|
||||
InfoWorld's Best of Open Source Awards for 2014 celebrate more than 100 open source projects, from the bottom of the stack to the top. Follow these links to more open source winners:
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source applications][18]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source application development tools][19]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source big data tools][20]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source data center and cloud software][21]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source desktop and mobile software][22]
|
||||
|
||||
[Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source networking and security software][23]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982962/open-source-tools/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-networking-and-security-software.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[InfoWorld staff][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.infoworld.com/author/InfoWorld-staff/
|
||||
[1]:https://www.icinga.org/icinga/icinga-2/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.zenoss.com/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.opennms.org/
|
||||
[4]:https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/opennms-compass/id968875097?mt=8
|
||||
[5]:https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.opennms.compass&hl=en
|
||||
[6]:http://blog.securityonion.net/p/securityonion.html
|
||||
[7]:https://www.kali.org/
|
||||
[8]:https://community.rapid7.com/community/metasploit/blog/2015/08/12/metasploit-on-kali-linux-20
|
||||
[9]:http://www.openvas.org/
|
||||
[10]:http://www.greenbone.net/
|
||||
[11]:https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Main_Page
|
||||
[12]:https://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Zed_Attack_Proxy_Project
|
||||
[13]:https://www.owasp.org/index.php/O-Saft
|
||||
[14]:https://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_OWTF
|
||||
[15]:http://www.beefproject.com/
|
||||
[16]:http://www.unhide-forensics.info/
|
||||
[17]:http://www.rootkit.nl/projects/rootkit_hunter.html
|
||||
[18]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982622/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-applications.html
|
||||
[19]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982920/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-application-development-tools.html
|
||||
[20]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982429/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-big-data-tools.html
|
||||
[21]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982923/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-data-center-and-cloud-software.html
|
||||
[22]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982630/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-desktop-and-mobile-software.html
|
||||
[23]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982962/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-networking-and-security-software.html
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
|
||||
10 Things To Do After Installing Ubuntu 15.10 'Wily Werewolf'
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Yesterday Ubuntu 15.10 was made [available to download][1] with some new features, improvements and updated apps. If you've upgraded to Ubuntu 15.10 then this article is going to show you 10 things/tweaks that you need to do to make your Ubuntu more handy and fruitful.
|
||||
|
||||
### What's New In Ubuntu 15.10? ###
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 15.10 codenamed 'Wily Werewolf' was released yesterday with new features, improvements, fixes and updated apps. Read our complete article to know more stuff added with Ubuntu 15.10.
|
||||
|
||||
### Things To Do After Installing Ubuntu 15.10 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 15.10 is shipping with new features that are activated by default, no need to tweak for anyone. But, changes made in the last release of Ubuntu 15.04, were not activated by default and so in Ubuntu 15.10. Other than those changes you need to install useful/must have applications. So first tweak our newly installed Wily Werewolf.
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Update Ubuntu 15.10 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Before you use the system and any app first check for updates. Updating the system is necessary to keep the OS more stable and secure. Updates also adds new features in the system. Although there won't be larger size of updates after you within some days of release as all the packages are already to their newest versions.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Tweak Ubuntu 15.10 ####
|
||||
|
||||
One of things to notice is that the tweaks that were presented in the last Ubuntu release are not activated by default. Those are still at your wish, if you want go ahead and activate them. For example, Always Show Menus, Where to show menu, in the window's title bar or in the menu bar.
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Set Menus Position ###
|
||||
|
||||
By default in Ubuntu 15.10, the menu are set to show in the menu bar which is sometimes uneasy to reach to but you can set the menus to show in the window's title bar. Go to **Settings >> Appearances >> Behavior >> in the window's title bar**.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
3. Install Unity Tweak Tool
|
||||
|
||||
To tweak system more install Unity Tweak Tool, It has more options than the default system settings. You can change theme, icons, workspaces settings and many more. Check the screenshot below -
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. Install Firewall To Block Harmful Incoming/Outgoing Connections ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
One of the favorite ways of hackers to get access to individuals' system is to scan for the open ports and attack through them. A firewall protect your system from such attacks by blocking harmful incoming/outgoing connections.
|
||||
|
||||
UFW stands ofr Uncomplicated Firewall. As the name suggests it's the most easy to use firewall you ever used. Just install and switch it on. Configure firewall rules, block particular ports etc. easily. To know all about UFW and how to use all of its features read our following article -
|
||||
|
||||
[Install UFW Firewall In Linux And Secure Computer From Harmful Incoming/Outgoing Connections][2]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install UFW Firewall ####
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install ufw
|
||||
Install Graphical Interface
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install gufw
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. Install Graphics Drivers ###
|
||||
|
||||
If you're a game lover or you play HD videos or do video editing kind of things then you need to have proprietary drivers installed available for your hardware for better graphics performance.
|
||||
|
||||
To install graphics driver -
|
||||
|
||||
Go to **Settings >> Software & Updates >> Additional Drivers**
|
||||
|
||||
It will search for the latest drivers available for you hardware.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 6. Install VLC & Media Codecs For More Media Support ###
|
||||
|
||||
VLC supports most file formats so it's better to use VLC to escape the error while playing audio files.
|
||||
|
||||
Sometimes you play a mp3 and it does not play. To solve this problem, Ubuntu gives an option while you're installing Ubuntu to install all the necessary media codecs. If you checked that then don't worry, if you haven't then do the following -
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install vlc
|
||||
Install Media Codecs
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras
|
||||
|
||||
### 7. Configure Cloud Storage ###
|
||||
|
||||
Cloud storage are very useful to share files across your local devices like, Mobile to PC or Laptops and vice-versa. User can easily install Storages like, Dropbox, Copy, Gdrive (Using Grive) etc.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Dropbox ####
|
||||
|
||||
To install Dropbox, download Dropbox installation client first.
|
||||
|
||||
- [Download Dropbox][3]
|
||||
|
||||
Download Dropbox for your system architecture. To check whether your system is 64-Bit or 32-Bit
|
||||
|
||||
Goto **Settings >> Details**
|
||||
|
||||
Open the downloaded .deb file with Ubuntu Software Center and click install.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
When installed search Dropbox in Ubuntu dash and open it. It's just an installation client, so now this will install Dropbox app. Once the download competes you'll have the app asking for your Dropbox credentials. Enter your email id and password and login. All of your cloud files will be synced in your Ubuntu desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
### 8. Enhance Look By Installing Themes ###
|
||||
|
||||
The default two themes are not too much attractive. You can download and install cool themes from our Linux Themes Page.
|
||||
|
||||
[][4]
|
||||
|
||||
[][5]
|
||||
|
||||
[][6]
|
||||
|
||||
[][7]
|
||||
|
||||
- [Download More Themes][8]
|
||||
|
||||
### 9. Install & Configure Email Client ###
|
||||
|
||||
Email clients are very useful because you can check for new emails without opening up web browser. Ubuntu 15.10 comes with Thunderbird email client, one of the most popular email clients, supports multiple email accounts and desktop notifications.
|
||||
|
||||
Thunderbird is simple to configure. Just use your email id and password to login and sync your emails right into your desktop/laptop.
|
||||
|
||||
If you don't want to use Thunderbird then check out our article [Top 4 Open Source Email Clients For Linux][9]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 10. Take The Poll ###
|
||||
|
||||
After you have upgraded to Ubuntu 15.10, configure all the necessary or must have apps. Please take the poll to tell us what you like the most in Ubuntu 15.10 'Wily Werewolf'.
|
||||
|
||||
注：投票项目
|
||||
What Do You Like The Most In Ubuntu 15.10?
|
||||
|
||||
- Linux Kernel 4.2
|
||||
- Unity Improvements
|
||||
- Steam Controller Support
|
||||
- Ubuntu Make
|
||||
- Persistent Network Interface Names
|
||||
- New Wallpapers
|
||||
- Other? Please Comment Below
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/home/10-things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-1510-wily-werewolf
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Mohd Sohail][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://in.linkedin.com/in/mohdsohail
|
||||
[1]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/linux/ubuntu-1510-wily-werewolf-released-with-new-features-and-improvements-download-now
|
||||
[2]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/linux/install-ufw-firewall-in-linux-and-secure-computer-from-harmful-incoming-outgoing-connections
|
||||
[3]:https://db.tt/CbUWY1ca
|
||||
[4]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/linux-themes/arc-dark-red-cinnamon-install-in-ubuntu-and-derivatives
|
||||
[5]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/linux-themes/windows-8-gtk3-modern-ui-09-install-in-ubuntu-linux
|
||||
[6]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/linux-themes/ubuntu-touch-unity-17-install-in-ubuntu-gtk
|
||||
[7]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/linux-themes/numixdarkred-cinnamon-021-install-in-ubuntulinux-mint
|
||||
[8]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/linux-themes.html
|
||||
[9]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/linux/top-5-open-source-email-clients-for-linux
|
||||
[10]:
|
||||
[11]:
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
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|
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|
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|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
[47]:
|
||||
[48]:
|
||||
[49]:
|
||||
[50]:
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
|
||||
Here are the 9 New Ubuntu 15.10 Features You Should Know
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
The stable edition of Ubuntu 15.10 wily werewolf is just released by canonical few days a ago and it now available to download and install on your computer. Lets take a look at the features that are implemented in the new release of ubuntu 15.10 and see what important packages have been updated.
|
||||
|
||||
Watch – A quick video about “What’s new in Ubuntu 15.10“, thanks to [linuxscoop][1] for making this video.
|
||||
|
||||
注：youtube 视频
|
||||
<iframe width="720" height="405" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/VoeCcCQuJrM?feature=oembed&wmode=opaque" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
|
||||
|
||||
Below we are can mention the new features of Ubuntu 15.10 Wily Werewolf
|
||||
|
||||
### Linux kernel 4.2 ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 15.10 ships with linux kernel 4.2. This introduces lots of changes, like support for the new AMD GPU driver, NCQ TRIM handling, queue spinlocks, F2FS per-file encryption and lots of new and updated drivers.
|
||||
|
||||
### Unity 7.3.2 ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Unity as the main desktop of ubuntu 15.10 has been updated to version 7.3.2. it comes with bug fixes, polish and small usability improvements. The following we can mention the features of Unity 7.3.2:
|
||||
|
||||
- Allows drag and drop apps from the Dash to the desktop to create shortcuts
|
||||
- Page up/down keyboard navigation works as scroll in the Dash
|
||||
- Dash title & BFB tooltip is updated based on your privacy settings
|
||||
- Session exit buttons now have a click effect
|
||||
- Fix to prevent ‘shutdown’ of computer when screen is locked
|
||||
- Active app icons now show unfolded when launcher accordion triggered
|
||||
- Fix for full screen menubar
|
||||
- Fixes issues with ‘show desktop’ that caused window decoration for two windows of same app to vanish
|
||||
- Dash: Non-expandable category headers skipped in keyboard navigation
|
||||
- Dash: Non-expandable category headers are no longer highlighted on mouse over
|
||||
- Dash: screenreader and KeyNav fixes
|
||||
- New setting to control the show-now delay (when pressing Alt key)
|
||||
- Logic tweak to stop adjacent menu opening when moving from an indicator icon to its menu
|
||||
|
||||
### GNOME 3.16 stack ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Another important changes for this release, the most of the packages from the GNOME stack updated to version 3.16.x. This is a good thing since these packages do come with lots of improvements.Unfortunately, the nautilus file manager for Ubuntu 15.10 is still in version 3.14 and Gedit text editor file still dating from 3.10.
|
||||
|
||||
### Introduce GNOME Overlay Scrollbars ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
In Ubuntu 15.10, Ubuntu developers have decided to implement the GNOME Overlay scrollbars, it replacement of Unity’s overlay scrollbars for GTK3 applications. That’s no different than before, but it does serve as a stark and regular reminder of how much easier it is to use scrollbars that are always present in a predicable spot and wider than the pinpoint tip of a mouse cursor.
|
||||
|
||||
### Ubuntu Make ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu Make, a command-line utility that allows you to download the latest version of popular developer tools easier on Ubuntu, now supports even more platforms, frameworks and services, including a full Android development environment.
|
||||
|
||||
### Persistent Network Interface Names ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu developer also introduces stateless persistent network interface names in Ubuntu 15.10. This means that naming the network interfaces like eth0 or eth1 will be a thing of the past and that new more comprehensive names will be used. Also, the names will remain valid even after a restart or if the hardware is removed.
|
||||
|
||||
### Steam Controller Support ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
In this release, Ubuntu Developer also add support for the Steam Controller in Ubuntu 15.10. For now, the updated Steam package seems to be available only for Ubuntu 15.10, but it’s possible that the patch will be backported to other supported distributions. This means that Ubuntu 15.10 users will be able to plug the new controller, open Steam, and just play without having to read and apply any kind of advice from tutorials.
|
||||
|
||||
### New Default Wallpaper ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 15.10 bring a new default wallpaper, the wallpaper desaign concept adopted from origami and it called suru. A new set of community sourced wallpapers are also included.
|
||||
|
||||
### Core Applications Updates ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 15.10 updates the core applications. among them:
|
||||
|
||||
- Firefox 41
|
||||
- Chromium 45
|
||||
- LibreOffice 5.0.2
|
||||
- Totem (aka ‘Videos’) 3.16
|
||||
- Nautilus (aka ‘Files’) 3.14.2
|
||||
- Rhythmbox 3.2.1
|
||||
- GNOME Terminal 3.16
|
||||
- Eye of GNOME 3.16
|
||||
- Empathy 3.12.10
|
||||
- Shotwell 0.22
|
||||
|
||||
Download Ubuntu 15.10 Final Release
|
||||
|
||||
The image of Ubuntu 15.10 ready to download and install. it available in 64-bit and 32-bit, the both can download from the official ISO downloads page by hitting the link below
|
||||
|
||||
- [Download Ubuntu 15.10][2]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://ubuntuportal.com/2015/10/ubuntu-15-10.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[ncode][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://ubuntuportal.com/author/ncode/
|
||||
[1]:https://www.youtube.com/user/linuxscoop
|
||||
[2]:http://releases.ubuntu.com/15.10/
|
||||
@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
|
||||
How To Show Desktop In GNOME 3
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
How do you **show desktop in GNOME 3**? GNOME is a wonderful desktop environment but it focuses more on switching between the applications. What if you want to close all the running windows and display just the desktop?
|
||||
|
||||
In Windows, you can do this by pressing Windows+D. In Ubuntu Unity, it is done with Ctrl+Super+D shortcut keys. But for some reason, GNOME has the shortcut key to show desktop disabled for some reasons.
|
||||
|
||||
When you press Super+D or Ctrl+Super+D, nothing happens. If you want to see the desktop, you’ll have to minimize all running windows one by one. It is not convenient specially if you have several application windows open.
|
||||
|
||||
In this quick tutorial, I am going to show you how to add keyboard shortcut to show desktop in [GNOME 3][1].
|
||||
|
||||
### Add shortcut key to show desktop in GNOME 3 ###
|
||||
|
||||
I am using [Antergos Linux][2] with GNOME 3.18 in this tutorial, but the steps are applicable to any Linux distribution using any version of GNOME 3. Also, Antergos has [Numix theme][3] applied by default. So, you might not see your usual GNOME icons. But I believe the steps are straight forward and you can easily follow it.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 1 ####
|
||||
|
||||
Go to System Settings. Click on the top right corner, from the drop down, click on the system settings icon.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 2 ####
|
||||
|
||||
When you are in System Settings, look for Keyboard settings.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 3 ####
|
||||
|
||||
In here, Go to **Shortcuts tab** and select **Navigation** from the left side pane. Scroll down a bit and look for **Hide all normal windows**. You’ll see that it has been disabled.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 4 ####
|
||||
|
||||
Click once on the key you want to edit, in this case, Hide all normal windows. You’ll see that it has been changed to **New accelerator**… Now whichever keys you will press, it will be assigned for showing the desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
If you accidently press wrong key combination, just press backspace key and it will be disabled again. Click on it again and use the desired key combination.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 5 ####
|
||||
|
||||
Once you have used the desired key combination, just close the system settings. There is no option for saving the changes because changes are saved instantly. In my case, I used Ctrl+Super+D to align it with the behavior in Ubuntu Unity.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
That’s it folks. Enjoy the shortcut to show desktop in GNOME 3. I hope you found this quick tutorial helpful. Any questions, suggestions or a word of thanks is always welcomed :)
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/show-desktop-gnome-3/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[1]:https://www.gnome.org/gnome-3/
|
||||
[2]:http://itsfoss.com/tag/antergos/
|
||||
[3]:http://itsfoss.com/install-numix-ubuntu/
|
||||
277
sources/tech/20151028 10 Tips for 10x Application Performance.md
Normal file
277
sources/tech/20151028 10 Tips for 10x Application Performance.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
|
||||
10 Tips for 10x Application Performance
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Improving web application performance is more critical than ever. The share of economic activity that’s online is growing; more than 5% of the developed world’s economy is now on the Internet (see Resources below for statistics). And our always-on, hyper-connected modern world means that user expectations are higher than ever. If your site does not respond instantly, or if your app does not work without delay, users quickly move on to your competitors.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, a study done by Amazon almost 10 years ago proved that, even then, a 100-millisecond decrease in page-loading time translated to a 1% increase in its revenue. Another recent study highlighted the fact that that more than half of site owners surveyed said they lost revenue or customers due to poor application performance.
|
||||
|
||||
How fast does a website need to be? For each second a page takes to load, about 4% of users abandon it. Top e-commerce sites offer a time to first interaction ranging from one to three seconds, which offers the highest conversion rate. It’s clear that the stakes for web application performance are high and likely to grow.
|
||||
|
||||
Wanting to improve performance is easy, but actually seeing results is difficult. To help you on your journey, this blog post offers you ten tips to help you increase your website performance by as much as 10x. It’s the first in a series detailing how you can increase your application performance with the help of some well-tested optimization techniques, and with a little support from NGINX. This series also outlines potential improvements in security that you can gain along the way.
|
||||
|
||||
### Tip #1: Accelerate and Secure Applications with a Reverse Proxy Server ###
|
||||
|
||||
If your web application runs on a single machine, the solution to performance problems might seem obvious: just get a faster machine, with more processor, more RAM, a fast disk array, and so on. Then the new machine can run your WordPress server, Node.js application, Java application, etc., faster than before. (If your application accesses a database server, the solution might still seem simple: get two faster machines, and a faster connection between them.)
|
||||
|
||||
Trouble is, machine speed might not be the problem. Web applications often run slowly because the computer is switching among different kinds of tasks: interacting with users on thousands of connections, accessing files from disk, and running application code, among others. The application server may be thrashing – running out of memory, swapping chunks of memory out to disk, and making many requests wait on a single task such as disk I/O.
|
||||
|
||||
Instead of upgrading your hardware, you can take an entirely different approach: adding a reverse proxy server to offload some of these tasks. A [reverse proxy server][1] sits in front of the machine running the application and handles Internet traffic. Only the reverse proxy server is connected directly to the Internet; communication with the application servers is over a fast internal network.
|
||||
|
||||
Using a reverse proxy server frees the application server from having to wait for users to interact with the web app and lets it concentrate on building pages for the reverse proxy server to send across the Internet. The application server, which no longer has to wait for client responses, can run at speeds close to those achieved in optimized benchmarks.
|
||||
|
||||
Adding a reverse proxy server also adds flexibility to your web server setup. For instance, if a server of a given type is overloaded, another server of the same type can easily be added; if a server is down, it can easily be replaced.
|
||||
|
||||
Because of the flexibility it provides, a reverse proxy server is also a prerequisite for many other performance-boosting capabilities, such as:
|
||||
|
||||
- **Load balancing** (see [Tip #2][2]) – A load balancer runs on a reverse proxy server to share traffic evenly across a number of application servers. With a load balancer in place, you can add application servers without changing your application at all.
|
||||
- **Caching static files** (see [Tip #3][3]) – Files that are requested directly, such as image files or code files, can be stored on the reverse proxy server and sent directly to the client, which serves assets more quickly and offloads the application server, allowing the application to run faster.
|
||||
- **Securing your site** – The reverse proxy server can be configured for high security and monitored for fast recognition and response to attacks, keeping the application servers protected.
|
||||
|
||||
NGINX software is specifically designed for use as a reverse proxy server, with the additional capabilities described above. NGINX uses an event-driven processing approach which is more efficient than traditional servers. NGINX Plus adds more advanced reverse proxy features, such as application [health checks][4], specialized request routing, advanced caching, and support.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Tip #2: Add a Load Balancer ###
|
||||
|
||||
Adding a [load balancer][5] is a relatively easy change which can create a dramatic improvement in the performance and security of your site. Instead of making a core web server bigger and more powerful, you use a load balancer to distribute traffic across a number of servers. Even if an application is poorly written, or has problems with scaling, a load balancer can improve the user experience without any other changes.
|
||||
|
||||
A load balancer is, first, a reverse proxy server (see [Tip #1][6]) – it receives Internet traffic and forwards requests to another server. The trick is that the load balancer supports two or more application servers, using [a choice of algorithms][7] to split requests between servers. The simplest load balancing approach is round robin, with each new request sent to the next server on the list. Other methods include sending requests to the server with the fewest active connections. NGINX Plus has [capabilities][8] for continuing a given user session on the same server, which is called session persistence.
|
||||
|
||||
Load balancers can lead to strong improvements in performance because they prevent one server from being overloaded while other servers wait for traffic. They also make it easy to expand your web server capacity, as you can add relatively low-cost servers and be sure they’ll be put to full use.
|
||||
|
||||
Protocols that can be load balanced include HTTP, HTTPS, SPDY, HTTP/2, WebSocket, [FastCGI][9], SCGI, uwsgi, memcached, and several other application types, including TCP-based applications and other Layer 4 protocols. Analyze your web applications to determine which you use and where performance is lagging.
|
||||
|
||||
The same server or servers used for load balancing can also handle several other tasks, such as SSL termination, support for HTTP/1/x and HTTP/2 use by clients, and caching for static files.
|
||||
|
||||
NGINX is often used for load balancing; to learn more, please see our [overview blog post][10], [configuration blog post][11], [ebook][12] and associated [webinar][13], and [documentation][14]. Our commercial version, [NGINX Plus][15], supports more specialized load balancing features such as load routing based on server response time and the ability to load balance on Microsoft’s NTLM protocol.
|
||||
|
||||
### Tip #3: Cache Static and Dynamic Content ###
|
||||
|
||||
Caching improves web application performance by delivering content to clients faster. Caching can involve several strategies: preprocessing content for fast delivery when needed, storing content on faster devices, storing content closer to the client, or a combination.
|
||||
|
||||
There are two different types of caching to consider:
|
||||
|
||||
- **Caching of static content**. Infrequently changing files, such as image files (JPEG, PNG) and code files (CSS, JavaScript), can be stored on an edge server for fast retrieval from memory or disk.
|
||||
- **Caching of dynamic content**. Many Web applications generate fresh HTML for each page request. By briefly caching one copy of the generated HTML for a brief period of time, you can dramatically reduce the total number of pages that have to be generated while still delivering content that’s fresh enough to meet your requirements.
|
||||
|
||||
If a page gets ten views per second, for instance, and you cache it for one second, 90% of requests for the page will come from the cache. If you separately cache static content, even the freshly generated versions of the page might be made up largely of cached content.
|
||||
|
||||
There are three main techniques for caching content generated by web applications:
|
||||
|
||||
- **Moving content closer to users**. Keeping a copy of content closer to the user reduces its transmission time.
|
||||
- **Moving content to faster machines**. Content can be kept on a faster machine for faster retrieval.
|
||||
- **Moving content off of overused machines**. Machines sometimes operate much slower than their benchmark performance on a particular task because they are busy with other tasks. Caching on a different machine improves performance for the cached resources and also for non-cached resources, because the host machine is less overloaded.
|
||||
|
||||
Caching for web applications can be implemented from the inside – the web application server – out. First, caching is used for dynamic content, to reduce the load on application servers. Then, caching is used for static content (including temporary copies of what would otherwise be dynamic content), further off-loading application servers. And caching is then moved off of application servers and onto machines that are faster and/or closer to the user, unburdening the application servers, and reducing retrieval and transmission times.
|
||||
|
||||
Improved caching can speed up applications tremendously. For many web pages, static data, such as large image files, makes up more than half the content. It might take several seconds to retrieve and transmit such data without caching, but only fractions of a second if the data is cached locally.
|
||||
|
||||
As an example of how caching is used in practice, NGINX and NGINX Plus use two directives to [set up caching][16]: proxy_cache_path and proxy_cache. You specify the cache location and size, the maximum time files are kept in the cache, and other parameters. Using a third (and quite popular) directive, proxy_cache_use_stale, you can even direct the cache to supply stale content when the server that supplies fresh content is busy or down, giving the client something rather than nothing. From the user’s perspective, this may strongly improves your site or application’s uptime.
|
||||
|
||||
NGINX Plus has [advanced caching features][17], including support for [cache purging][18] and visualization of cache status on a [dashboard][19] for live activity monitoring.
|
||||
|
||||
For more information on caching with NGINX, see the [reference documentation][20] and [NGINX Content Caching][21] in the NGINX Plus Admin Guide.
|
||||
|
||||
**Note**: Caching crosses organizational lines between people who develop applications, people who make capital investment decisions, and people who run networks in real time. Sophisticated caching strategies, like those alluded to here, are a good example of the value of a [DevOps perspective][22], in which application developer, architectural, and operations perspectives are merged to help meet goals for site functionality, response time, security, and business results, )such as completed transactions or sales.
|
||||
|
||||
### Tip #4: Compress Data ###
|
||||
|
||||
Compression is a huge potential performance accelerator. There are carefully engineered and highly effective compression standards for photos (JPEG and PNG), videos (MPEG-4), and music (MP3), among others. Each of these standards reduces file size by an order of magnitude or more.
|
||||
|
||||
Text data – including HTML (which includes plain text and HTML tags), CSS, and code such as JavaScript – is often transmitted uncompressed. Compressing this data can have a disproportionate impact on perceived web application performance, especially for clients with slow or constrained mobile connections.
|
||||
|
||||
That’s because text data is often sufficient for a user to interact with a page, where multimedia data may be more supportive or decorative. Smart content compression can reduce the bandwidth requirements of HTML, Javascript, CSS and other text-based content, typically by 30% or more, with a corresponding reduction in load time.
|
||||
|
||||
If you use SSL, compression reduces the amount of data that has to be SSL-encoded, which offsets some of the CPU time it takes to compress the data.
|
||||
|
||||
Methods for compressing text data vary. For example, see the [section on HTTP/2][23] for a novel text compression scheme, adapted specifically for header data. As another example of text compression you can [turn on][24] GZIP compression in NGINX. After you [pre-compress text data][25] on your services, you can serve the compressed .gz version directly using the gzip_static directive.
|
||||
|
||||
### Tip #5: Optimize SSL/TLS ###
|
||||
|
||||
The Secure Sockets Layer ([SSL][26]) protocol and its successor, the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol, are being used on more and more websites. SSL/TLS encrypts the data transported from origin servers to users to help improve site security. Part of what may be influencing this trend is that Google now uses the presence of SSL/TLS as a positive influence on search engine rankings.
|
||||
|
||||
Despite rising popularity, the performance hit involved in SSL/TLS is a sticking point for many sites. SSL/TLS slows website performance for two reasons:
|
||||
|
||||
1. The initial handshake required to establish encryption keys whenever a new connection is opened. The way that browsers using HTTP/1.x establish multiple connections per server multiplies that hit.
|
||||
1. Ongoing overhead from encrypting data on the server and decrypting it on the client.
|
||||
|
||||
To encourage the use of SSL/TLS, the authors of HTTP/2 and SPDY (described in the [next section][27]) designed these protocols so that browsers need just one connection per browser session. This greatly reduces one of the two major sources of SSL overhead. However, even more can be done today to improve the performance of applications delivered over SSL/TLS.
|
||||
|
||||
The mechanism for optimizing SSL/TLS varies by web server. As an example, NGINX uses [OpenSSL][28], running on standard commodity hardware, to provide performance similar to dedicated hardware solutions. NGINX [SSL performance][29] is well-documented and minimizes the time and CPU penalty from performing SSL/TLS encryption and decryption.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition, see [this blog post][30] for details on ways to increase SSL/TLS performance. To summarize briefly, the techniques are:
|
||||
|
||||
- **Session caching**. Uses the [ssl_session_cache][31] directive to cache the parameters used when securing each new connection with SSL/TLS.
|
||||
- **Session tickets or IDs**. These store information about specific SSL/TLS sessions in a ticket or ID so a connection can be reused smoothly, without new handshaking.
|
||||
- **OCSP stapling**. Cuts handshaking time by caching SSL/TLS certificate information.
|
||||
|
||||
NGINX and NGINX Plus can be used for SSL/TLS termination – handling encryption and decyption for client traffic, while communicating with other servers in clear text. Use [these steps][32] to set up NGINX or NGINX Plus to handle SSL/TLS termination. Also, here are [specific steps][33] for NGINX Plus when used with servers that accept TCP connections.
|
||||
|
||||
### Tip #6: Implement HTTP/2 or SPDY ###
|
||||
|
||||
For sites that already use SSL/TLS, HTTP/2 and SPDY are very likely to improve performance, because the single connection requires just one handshake. For sites that don’t yet use SSL/TLS, HTTP/2 and SPDY makes a move to SSL/TLS (which normally slows performance) a wash from a responsiveness point of view.
|
||||
|
||||
Google introduced SPDY in 2012 as a way to achieve faster performance on top of HTTP/1.x. HTTP/2 is the recently approved IETF standard based on SPDY. SPDY is broadly supported, but is soon to be deprecated, replaced by HTTP/2.
|
||||
|
||||
The key feature of SPDY and HTTP/2 is the use of a single connection rather than multiple connections. The single connection is multiplexed, so it can carry pieces of multiple requests and responses at the same time.
|
||||
|
||||
By getting the most out of one connection, these protocols avoid the overhead of setting up and managing multiple connections, as required by the way browsers implement HTTP/1.x. The use of a single connection is especially helpful with SSL, because it minimizes the time-consuming handshaking that SSL/TLS needs to set up a secure connection.
|
||||
|
||||
The SPDY protocol required the use of SSL/TLS; HTTP/2 does not officially require it, but all browsers so far that support HTTP/2 use it only if SSL/TLS is enabled. That is, a browser that supports HTTP/2 uses it only if the website is using SSL and its server accepts HTTP/2 traffic. Otherwise, the browser communicates over HTTP/1.x.
|
||||
|
||||
When you implement SPDY or HTTP/2, you no longer need typical HTTP performance optimizations such as domain sharding, resource merging, and image spriting. These changes make your code and deployments simpler and easier to manage. To learn more about the changes that HTTP/2 is bringing about, read our [white paper][34].
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
As an example of support for these protocols, NGINX has supported SPDY from early on, and [most sites][35] that use SPDY today run on NGINX. NGINX is also [pioneering support][36] for HTTP/2, with [support][37] for HTTP/2 in NGINX open source and NGINX Plus as of September 2015.
|
||||
|
||||
Over time, we at NGINX expect most sites to fully enable SSL and to move to HTTP/2. This will lead to increased security and, as new optimizations are found and implemented, simpler code that performs better.
|
||||
|
||||
### Tip #7: Update Software Versions ###
|
||||
|
||||
One simple way to boost application performance is to select components for your software stack based on their reputation for stability and performance. In addition, because developers of high-quality components are likely to pursue performance enhancements and fix bugs over time, it pays to use the latest stable version of software. New releases receive more attention from developers and the user community. Newer builds also take advantage of new compiler optimizations, including tuning for new hardware.
|
||||
|
||||
Stable new releases are typically more compatible and higher-performing than older releases. It’s also easier to keep on top of tuning optimizations, bug fixes, and security alerts when you stay on top of software updates.
|
||||
|
||||
Staying with older software can also prevent you from taking advantage of new capabilities. For example, HTTP/2, described above, currently requires OpenSSL 1.0.1. Starting in mid-2016, HTTP/2 will require OpenSSL 1.0.2, which was released in January 2015.
|
||||
|
||||
NGINX users can start by moving to the [[latest version of the NGINX open source software][38] or [NGINX Plus][39]; they include new capabilities such as socket sharding and thread pools (see below), and both are constantly being tuned for performance. Then look at the software deeper in your stack and move to the most recent version wherever you can.
|
||||
|
||||
### Tip #8: Tune Linux for Performance ###
|
||||
|
||||
Linux is the underlying operating system for most web server implementations today, and as the foundation of your infrastructure, Linux represents a significant opportunity to improve performance. By default, many Linux systems are conservatively tuned to use few resources and to match a typical desktop workload. This means that web application use cases require at least some degree of tuning for maximum performance.
|
||||
|
||||
Linux optimizations are web server-specific. Using NGINX as an example, here are a few highlights of changes you can consider to speed up Linux:
|
||||
|
||||
- **Backlog queue**. If you have connections that appear to be stalling, consider increasing net.core.somaxconn, the maximum number of connections that can be queued awaiting attention from NGINX. You will see error messages if the existing connection limit is too small, and you can gradually increase this parameter until the error messages stop.
|
||||
- **File descriptors**. NGINX uses up to two file descriptors for each connection. If your system is serving a lot of connections, you might need to increase sys.fs.file_max, the system-wide limit for file descriptors, and nofile, the user file descriptor limit, to support the increased load.
|
||||
- **Ephemeral ports**. When used as a proxy, NGINX creates temporary (“ephemeral”) ports for each upstream server. You can increase the range of port values, set by net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range, to increase the number of ports available. You can also reduce the timeout before an inactive port gets reused with the net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout setting, allowing for faster turnover.
|
||||
|
||||
For NGINX, check out the [NGINX performance tuning guides][40] to learn how to optimize your Linux system so that it can cope with large volumes of network traffic without breaking a sweat!
|
||||
|
||||
### Tip #9: Tune Your Web Server for Performance ###
|
||||
|
||||
Whatever web server you use, you need to tune it for web application performance. The following recommendations apply generally to any web server, but specific settings are given for NGINX. Key optimizations include:
|
||||
|
||||
- **Access logging**. Instead of writing a log entry for every request to disk immediately, you can buffer entries in memory and write them to disk as a group. For NGINX, add the *buffer=size* parameter to the *access_log* directive to write log entries to disk when the memory buffer fills up. If you add the **flush=time** parameter, the buffer contents are also be written to disk after the specified amount of time.
|
||||
- **Buffering**. Buffering holds part of a response in memory until the buffer fills, which can make communications with the client more efficient. Responses that don’t fit in memory are written to disk, which can slow performance. When NGINX buffering is [on][42], you use the *proxy_buffer_size* and *proxy_buffers* directives to manage it.
|
||||
- **Client keepalives**. Keepalive connections reduce overhead, especially when SSL/TLS is in use. For NGINX, you can increase the maximum number of *keepalive_requests* a client can make over a given connection from the default of 100, and you can increase the *keepalive_timeout* to allow the keepalive connection to stay open longer, resulting in faster subsequent requests.
|
||||
- **Upstream keepalives**. Upstream connections – connections to application servers, database servers, and so on – benefit from keepalive connections as well. For upstream connections, you can increase *keepalive*, the number of idle keepalive connections that remain open for each worker process. This allows for increased connection reuse, cutting down on the need to open brand new connections. For more information about keepalives, refer to this [blog post][41].
|
||||
- **Limits**. Limiting the resources that clients use can improve performance and security. For NGINX,the *limit_conn* and *limit_conn_zone* directives restrict the number of connections from a given source, while *limit_rate* constrains bandwidth. These settings can stop a legitimate user from “hogging” resources and also help prevent against attacks. The *limit_req* and *limit_req_zone* directives limit client requests. For connections to upstream servers, use the max_conns parameter to the server directive in an upstream configuration block. This limits connections to an upstream server, preventing overloading. The associated queue directive creates a queue that holds a specified number of requests for a specified length of time after the *max_conns* limit is reached.
|
||||
- **Worker processes**. Worker processes are responsible for the processing of requests. NGINX employs an event-based model and OS-dependent mechanisms to efficiently distribute requests among worker processes. The recommendation is to set the value of *worker_processes* to one per CPU. The maximum number of worker_connections (512 by default) can safely be raised on most systems if needed; experiment to find the value that works best for your system.
|
||||
- **Socket sharding**. Typically, a single socket listener distributes new connections to all worker processes. Socket sharding creates a socket listener for each worker process, with the kernel assigning connections to socket listeners as they become available. This can reduce lock contention and improve performance on multicore systems. To enable [socket sharding][43], include the reuseport parameter on the listen directive.
|
||||
- **Thread pools**. Any computer process can be held up by a single, slow operation. For web server software, disk access can hold up many faster operations, such as calculating or copying information in memory. When a thread pool is used, the slow operation is assigned to a separate set of tasks, while the main processing loop keeps running faster operations. When the disk operation completes, the results go back into the main processing loop. In NGINX, two operations – the read() system call and sendfile() – are offloaded to [thread pools][44].
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Tip**. When changing settings for any operating system or supporting service, change a single setting at a time, then test performance. If the change causes problems, or if it doesn’t make your site run faster, change it back.
|
||||
|
||||
See this [blog post][45] for more details on tuning NGINX.
|
||||
|
||||
### Tip #10: Monitor Live Activity to Resolve Issues and Bottlenecks ###
|
||||
|
||||
The key to a high-performance approach to application development and delivery is watching your application’s real-world performance closely and in real time. You must be able to monitor activity within specific devices and across your web infrastructure.
|
||||
|
||||
Monitoring site activity is mostly passive – it tells you what’s going on, and leaves it to you to spot problems and fix them.
|
||||
|
||||
Monitoring can catch several different kinds of issues. They include:
|
||||
|
||||
- A server is down.
|
||||
- A server is limping, dropping connections.
|
||||
- A server is suffering from a high proportion of cache misses.
|
||||
- A server is not sending correct content.
|
||||
|
||||
A global application performance monitoring tool like New Relic or Dynatrace helps you monitor page load time from remote locations, while NGINX helps you monitor the application delivery side. Application performance data tells you when your optimizations are making a real difference to your users, and when you need to consider adding capacity to your infrastructure to sustain the traffic.
|
||||
|
||||
To help identify and resolve issues quickly, NGINX Plus adds [application-aware health checks][46] – synthetic transactions that are repeated regularly and are used to alert you to problems. NGINX Plus also has [session draining][47], which stops new connections while existing tasks complete, and a slow start capability, allowing a recovered server to come up to speed within a load-balanced group. When used effectively, health checks allow you to identify issues before they significantly impact the user experience, while session draining and slow start allow you to replace servers and ensure the process does not negatively affect perceived performance or uptime. The figure shows the built-in NGINX Plus [live activity monitoring][48] dashboard for a web infrastructure with servers, TCP connections, and caching.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion: Seeing 10x Performance Improvement ###
|
||||
|
||||
The performance improvements that are available for any one web application vary tremendously, and actual gains depend on your budget, the time you can invest, and gaps in your existing implementation. So, how might you achieve 10x performance improvement for your own applications?
|
||||
|
||||
To help guide you on the potential impact of each optimization, here are pointers to the improvement that may be possible with each tip detailed above, though your mileage will almost certainly vary:
|
||||
|
||||
- **Reverse proxy server and load balancing**. No load balancing, or poor load balancing, can cause episodes of very poor performance. Adding a reverse proxy server, such as NGINX, can prevent web applications from thrashing between memory and disk. Load balancing can move processing from overburdened servers to available ones and make scaling easy. These changes can result in dramatic performance improvement, with a 10x improvement easily achieved compared to the worst moments for your current implementation, and lesser but substantial achievements available for overall performance.
|
||||
- **Caching dynamic and static content**. If you have an overburdened web server that’s doubling as your application server, 10x improvements in peak-time performance can be achieved by caching dynamic content alone. Caching for static files can improve performance by single-digit multiples as well.
|
||||
- **Compressing data**. Using media file compression such as JPEG for photos, PNG for graphics, MPEG-4 for movies, and MP3 for music files can greatly improve performance. Once these are all in use, then compressing text data (code and HTML) can improve initial page load times by a factor of two.
|
||||
- **Optimizing SSL/TLS**. Secure handshakes can have a big impact on performance, so optimizing them can lead to perhaps a 2x improvement in initial responsiveness, particularly for text-heavy sites. Optimizing media file transmission under SSL/TLS is likely to yield only small performance improvements.
|
||||
- **Implementing HTTP/2 and SPDY**. When used with SSL/TLS, these protocols are likely to result in incremental improvements for overall site performance.
|
||||
- **Tuning Linux and web server software (such as NGINX)**. Fixes such as optimizing buffering, using keepalive connections, and offloading time-intensive tasks to a separate thread pool can significantly boost performance; thread pools, for instance, can speed disk-intensive tasks by [nearly an order of magnitude][49].
|
||||
|
||||
We hope you try out these techniques for yourself. We want to hear the kind of application performance improvements you’re able to achieve. Share your results in the comments below, or tweet your story with the hash tags #NGINX and #webperf!
|
||||
|
||||
### Resources for Internet Statistics ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Statista.com – Share of the internet economy in the gross domestic product in G-20 countries in 2016][50]
|
||||
|
||||
[Load Impact – How Bad Performance Impacts Ecommerce Sales][51]
|
||||
|
||||
[Kissmetrics – How Loading Time Affects Your Bottom Line (infographic)][52]
|
||||
|
||||
[Econsultancy – Site speed: case studies, tips and tools for improving your conversion rate][53]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.nginx.com/blog/10-tips-for-10x-application-performance/?hmsr=toutiao.io&utm_medium=toutiao.io&utm_source=toutiao.io
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Floyd Smith][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://www.nginx.com/blog/author/floyd/
|
||||
[1]:https://www.nginx.com/resources/glossary/reverse-proxy-server
|
||||
[2]:https://www.nginx.com/blog/10-tips-for-10x-application-performance/?hmsr=toutiao.io&utm_medium=toutiao.io&utm_source=toutiao.io#tip2
|
||||
[3]:https://www.nginx.com/blog/10-tips-for-10x-application-performance/?hmsr=toutiao.io&utm_medium=toutiao.io&utm_source=toutiao.io#tip3
|
||||
[4]:https://www.nginx.com/products/application-health-checks/
|
||||
[5]:https://www.nginx.com/solutions/load-balancing/
|
||||
[6]:https://www.nginx.com/blog/10-tips-for-10x-application-performance/?hmsr=toutiao.io&utm_medium=toutiao.io&utm_source=toutiao.io#tip1
|
||||
[7]:https://www.nginx.com/resources/admin-guide/load-balancer/
|
||||
[8]:https://www.nginx.com/blog/load-balancing-with-nginx-plus/
|
||||
[9]:https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/understanding-and-implementing-fastcgi-proxying-in-nginx
|
||||
[10]:https://www.nginx.com/blog/five-reasons-use-software-load-balancer/
|
||||
[11]:https://www.nginx.com/blog/load-balancing-with-nginx-plus/
|
||||
[12]:https://www.nginx.com/resources/ebook/five-reasons-choose-software-load-balancer/
|
||||
[13]:https://www.nginx.com/resources/webinars/choose-software-based-load-balancer-45-min/
|
||||
[14]:https://www.nginx.com/resources/admin-guide/load-balancer/
|
||||
[15]:https://www.nginx.com/products/
|
||||
[16]:https://www.nginx.com/blog/nginx-caching-guide/
|
||||
[17]:https://www.nginx.com/products/content-caching-nginx-plus/
|
||||
[18]:http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_proxy_module.html?&_ga=1.95342300.1348073562.1438712874#proxy_cache_purge
|
||||
[19]:https://www.nginx.com/products/live-activity-monitoring/
|
||||
[20]:http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_proxy_module.html?&&&_ga=1.61156076.1348073562.1438712874#proxy_cache
|
||||
[21]:https://www.nginx.com/resources/admin-guide/content-caching
|
||||
[22]:https://www.nginx.com/blog/network-vs-devops-how-to-manage-your-control-issues/
|
||||
[23]:https://www.nginx.com/blog/10-tips-for-10x-application-performance/?hmsr=toutiao.io&utm_medium=toutiao.io&utm_source=toutiao.io#tip6
|
||||
[24]:https://www.nginx.com/resources/admin-guide/compression-and-decompression/
|
||||
[25]:http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_gzip_static_module.html
|
||||
[26]:https://www.digicert.com/ssl.htm
|
||||
[27]:https://www.nginx.com/blog/10-tips-for-10x-application-performance/?hmsr=toutiao.io&utm_medium=toutiao.io&utm_source=toutiao.io#tip6
|
||||
[28]:http://openssl.org/
|
||||
[29]:https://www.nginx.com/blog/nginx-ssl-performance/
|
||||
[30]:https://www.nginx.com/blog/improve-seo-https-nginx/
|
||||
[31]:http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_ssl_module.html#ssl_session_cache
|
||||
[32]:https://www.nginx.com/resources/admin-guide/nginx-ssl-termination/
|
||||
[33]:https://www.nginx.com/resources/admin-guide/nginx-tcp-ssl-termination/
|
||||
[34]:https://www.nginx.com/resources/datasheet/datasheet-nginx-http2-whitepaper/
|
||||
[35]:http://w3techs.com/blog/entry/25_percent_of_the_web_runs_nginx_including_46_6_percent_of_the_top_10000_sites
|
||||
[36]:https://www.nginx.com/blog/how-nginx-plans-to-support-http2/
|
||||
[37]:https://www.nginx.com/blog/nginx-plus-r7-released/
|
||||
[38]:http://nginx.org/en/download.html
|
||||
[39]:https://www.nginx.com/products/
|
||||
[40]:https://www.nginx.com/blog/tuning-nginx/
|
||||
[41]:https://www.nginx.com/blog/http-keepalives-and-web-performance/
|
||||
[42]:http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_proxy_module.html#proxy_buffering
|
||||
[43]:https://www.nginx.com/blog/socket-sharding-nginx-release-1-9-1/
|
||||
[44]:https://www.nginx.com/blog/thread-pools-boost-performance-9x/
|
||||
[45]:https://www.nginx.com/blog/tuning-nginx/
|
||||
[46]:https://www.nginx.com/products/application-health-checks/
|
||||
[47]:https://www.nginx.com/products/session-persistence/#session-draining
|
||||
[48]:https://www.nginx.com/products/live-activity-monitoring/
|
||||
[49]:https://www.nginx.com/blog/thread-pools-boost-performance-9x/
|
||||
[50]:http://www.statista.com/statistics/250703/forecast-of-internet-economy-as-percentage-of-gdp-in-g-20-countries/
|
||||
[51]:http://blog.loadimpact.com/blog/how-bad-performance-impacts-ecommerce-sales-part-i/
|
||||
[52]:https://blog.kissmetrics.com/loading-time/?wide=1
|
||||
[53]:https://econsultancy.com/blog/10936-site-speed-case-studies-tips-and-tools-for-improving-your-conversion-rate/
|
||||
64
translated/tech/20151027 How To Show Desktop In GNOME 3.md
Normal file
64
translated/tech/20151027 How To Show Desktop In GNOME 3.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
|
||||
如何在GNOME 3 中显示桌面
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你**该如何在GNOME 3中显示桌面**？GNOME是一个很棒的桌面环境但是它专注于在程序间切换。如果你想关闭所有窗口并显示桌面呢？
|
||||
|
||||
在Windows中，你可以按下Windows+D。在Ubuntu Unity中，可以用Ctrl+Super+D快捷键。但是由于一些原因，GNOME禁用了显示桌面的快捷键。
|
||||
|
||||
当你按下Super+D或者Ctrl+Super+D，不会发生什么。如果你想要看到桌面，你得一个个最小化窗口。如果你有好几个打开的窗口那么这会非常不方便。
|
||||
|
||||
在本教程中，我们向你展示[GNOME 3][1]中添加显示桌面的快捷键。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在GNOME 3 中添加显示桌面的快捷键 ###
|
||||
|
||||
我在本教程的使用的是GNOME 3.18的[Antergos Linux][2]，但是步骤对于任何GNOME 3版本的Linux发行版都是有用的。同时也使用了[Numix主题][3]作为默认主题。因此你也许不会看到常规的GNOME图标。但是我相信步骤很直接你可以很方便地尝试。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 第一步 ####
|
||||
|
||||
进入系统设置。点击右上角，在下拉列表中，点击系统设置图标。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 第二步 ####
|
||||
|
||||
当你在系统设置中时，寻找设置。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 第三步 ####
|
||||
|
||||
在这里，选择**Shortcuts**标签并在左边拦选择**Navigation**。向下滚动一点查找**Hide all normal windows**。你会看见它已经被禁用了
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 第四步 ####
|
||||
|
||||
在“Hide all normla windows”上面点击一下。你会看到它变成了**New accelerator**。现在无论你按下哪个键，他都会被分配成显示桌面。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你意外按下了错误的键，只要按下退格它就会被禁用。再次点击并使用需要的组合键。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 第五步 ####
|
||||
|
||||
一旦设置了组合键，只要关闭系统设置。没有设置保存因为更改是立即生效的。在本例中，我使用Ctrl+Super+D来校准到与Ubuntu Unity一致。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
就是这样。享受GNOME 3中的显示桌面快捷键吧。我希望这篇教程对你们有用。有任何问题、建议或者留言都欢迎:)
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/show-desktop-gnome-3/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek][a]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[1]:https://www.gnome.org/gnome-3/
|
||||
[2]:http://itsfoss.com/tag/antergos/
|
||||
[3]:http://itsfoss.com/install-numix-ubuntu/
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user