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Merge pull request #16499 from wxy/20191125-How-to-Install-Ansible-(Automation-Tool)-on-CentOS-8-RHEL-8
PRF&PUB:20191125 How to Install Ansible (Automation Tool) on CentOS 8 RHEL 8
This commit is contained in:
commit
ace557540f
@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
|
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: publisher: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-11633-1.html)
|
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[#]: subject: (How to Install Ansible (Automation Tool) on CentOS 8/RHEL 8)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.linuxtechi.com/install-ansible-centos-8-rhel-8/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Pradeep Kumar https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/pradeep/)
|
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如何在 CentOS 8/RHEL 8 上安装 Ansible(自动化工具)
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
Ansible 是给 Linux 系统管理员使用的出色自动化工具。它是一种开源配置工具,能让系统管理员可以从一个中心节点(即 Ansible 服务器)管理数百台服务器。将 Ansible 与 Puppet、Chef 和 Salt 等类似工具进行比较时,它是首选的配置工具,因为它不需要任何代理,并且可以工作在 SSH 和 python 上。
|
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![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/201912/01/223012czkxt6dhku6snhxn.jpg)
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|
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在本教程中,我们将学习如何在 CentOS 8 和 RHEL 8 系统上安装和使用 Ansble。
|
||||
|
||||
Ansible 实验环境信息:
|
||||
|
||||
* 最小化安装的 CentOS 8 / RHEL 8 服务器(192.168.1.10),且有互联网连接
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* 两个 Ansible 节点 - Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (192.168.1.20) 和 CentOS 7 (192.168.1.30)
|
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|
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### CentOS 8 上的 Ansible 安装步骤
|
||||
|
||||
Ansible 包不在 CentOS 8 默认的软件包仓库中。因此,我们需要执行以下命令启用 [EPEL 仓库][3]:
|
||||
|
||||
```
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[root@linuxtechi ~]$ sudo dnf install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm -y
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||||
```
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|
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启用 epel 仓库后,执行以下 `dnf` 命令安装 Ansible:
|
||||
|
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```
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[root@linuxtechi ~]$ sudo dnf install ansible
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```
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上面命令的输出:
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|
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![dnf-install-ansible-centos8][4]
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成功安装 Ansible 后,运行以下命令验证它的版本:
|
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|
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```
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[root@linuxtechi ~]$ sudo ansible --version
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```
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![Ansible-version-CentOS8][5]
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上面的输出确认在 CentOS 8 上安装完成。
|
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让我们看下 RHEL 8 系统。
|
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### RHEL 8 上的 Ansible 安装步骤
|
||||
|
||||
如果你有有效的 RHEL 8 订阅,请使用以下订阅管理器命令启用 Ansble 仓库:
|
||||
|
||||
```
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[root@linuxtechi ~]$ sudo subscription-manager repos --enable ansible-2.8-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
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启用仓库后,执行以下 `dnf` 命令安装 Ansible:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$ sudo dnf install ansible -y
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
安装 Ansible 及其依赖包后,执行以下命令来验证它的版本:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$ sudo ansible --version
|
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```
|
||||
|
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### 在 CentOS 8 / RHEL 8 上通过 pip3 安装 Ansible 的可选方法
|
||||
|
||||
如果你希望使用 `pip`(Python 的包管理器)安装 Ansible,请首先使用以下命令安装 pyhton3 和 python3-pip 包:
|
||||
|
||||
```
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[root@linuxtechi ~]$ sudo dnf install python3 python3-pip -y
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```
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安装 python3 后,运行以下命令来验证它的版本:
|
||||
|
||||
```
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[root@linuxtechi ~]$ python3 -V
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Python 3.6.8
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[root@linuxtechi ~]$
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||||
```
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|
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用下面的 `pip3` 命令安装 Ansible:
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```
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[root@linuxtechi ~]$ pip3 install ansible --user
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```
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输出:
|
||||
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![Ansible-Install-pip3-centos8][6]
|
||||
|
||||
上面的输出确认 Ansible 已成功使用 `pip3` 安装。让我们看下如何使用 Ansible。
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何使用 Ansible 自动化工具?
|
||||
|
||||
当我们使用 `yum` 或 `dnf` 命令安装 Ansible 时,它的配置文件、清单文件和角色目录会自动在 `/etc/ansible` 文件夹下创建。
|
||||
|
||||
让我们添加一个名称为 `labservers` 的组,并在 `/etc/ansible/hosts` 文件中给该组添加上述的 Ubuntu 18.04 和 CentOS 7 系统的 IP 地址:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$ sudo vi /etc/ansible/hosts
|
||||
…
|
||||
[labservers]
|
||||
192.168.1.20
|
||||
192.168.1.30
|
||||
…
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
保存并退出文件。
|
||||
|
||||
更新清单文件(`/etc/ansible/hosts`)后,将用户的 ssh 公钥放到属于 `labservers` 组的远程系统。
|
||||
|
||||
让我们首先使用 `ssh-keygen` 命令生成本地用户的公钥和私钥:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$ ssh-keygen
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
现在使用以下命令在 Ansible 服务器及其客户端之间交换公钥:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$ ssh-copy-id root@linuxtechi
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$ ssh-copy-id root@linuxtechi
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
现在,让我们尝试几个 Ansible 命令,首先使用 `ping` 模块验证 Ansible 服务器与客户端的连接:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
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[root@linuxtechi ~]$ ansible -m ping "labservers"
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||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
注意: 如果我们没有在上面的命令中指定清单文件,那么它将引用默认主机文件(即 `/etc/ansible/hosts`)。
|
||||
|
||||
输出:
|
||||
|
||||
![ansible-ping-module-centos8][7]
|
||||
|
||||
让我们使用 Ansible shell 命令检查每个客户端的内核版本:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$ ansible -m command -a "uname -r" "labservers"
|
||||
192.168.1.30 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
|
||||
4.15.0-20-generic
|
||||
192.168.1.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
|
||||
3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
使用以下命令列出清单文件中的所有主机:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$ ansible all -i /etc/ansible/hosts --list-hosts
|
||||
hosts (4):
|
||||
192.168.100.1
|
||||
192.168.100.10
|
||||
192.168.1.20
|
||||
192.168.1.30
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
使用以下 Ansible 命令仅列出 `labservers` 组中的主机:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
root@linuxtechi ~]$ ansible labservers -i /etc/ansible/hosts --list-hosts
|
||||
hosts (2):
|
||||
192.168.1.20
|
||||
192.168.1.30
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
本文就是这些了,我们成功演示了如何在 CentOS 8 和 RHEL 8 系统中安装和使用 Ansible。请分享你的反馈和意见。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.linuxtechi.com/install-ansible-centos-8-rhel-8/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Pradeep Kumar][a]
|
||||
选题:[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/pradeep/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7
|
||||
[2]: http://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Install-Ansible-CentOS8-RHEL8.png
|
||||
[3]: http://www.linuxtechi.com/enable-epel-repo-centos8-rhel8-server/
|
||||
[4]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/dnf-install-ansible-centos8-1536x652.png
|
||||
[5]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Ansible-version-CentOS8.png
|
||||
[6]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Ansible-Install-pip3-centos8-1536x545.png
|
||||
[7]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/ansible-ping-module-centos8.png
|
@ -1,210 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (How to Install Ansible (Automation Tool) on CentOS 8/RHEL 8)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.linuxtechi.com/install-ansible-centos-8-rhel-8/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Pradeep Kumar https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/pradeep/)
|
||||
|
||||
如何在 CentOS 8/RHEL 8 上安装 Ansible(自动化工具)
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
**Ansible** 是给 Linux 系统管理员使用的出色自动化工具。它是一种开源配置工具,能让系统管理员可以从一个中心节点(即 **Ansible 服务器**)管理数百台服务器。将 Ansible 与 **Puppet**、**Chef** 和 **Salt**等类似工具进行比较时,它是首选的配置工具,因为它不需要任何代理,并且可以工作在 SSH 和 python 上。
|
||||
|
||||
[![Install-Ansible-CentOS8-RHEL8][1]][2]
|
||||
|
||||
在本教程中,我们将学习如何在 CentOS 8 和 RHEL 8 系统上安装和使用 Ansble
|
||||
|
||||
Ansible 实验环境信息:
|
||||
|
||||
* Minimal CentOS 8 / RHEL 8 服务器(192.168.1.10),且有互联网连接
|
||||
* 两个 Ansible 节点 - Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (192.168.1.20) 和 CentOS 7 (192.168.1.30)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### CentOS 8 上的 Ansible 安装步骤
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Ansible 包不在 CentOS 8 默认的软件包仓库中。因此,我们需要执行以下命令启用 [EPEL 仓库][3],
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$ sudo dnf install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm -y
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
启用 epel 仓库后,执行以下 dnf 命令安装 Ansble。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$ sudo dnf install ansible
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
上面命令的输出:
|
||||
|
||||
![dnf-install-ansible-centos8][1]
|
||||
|
||||
成功安装 ansible 后,运行以下命令验证它的版本。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$ sudo ansible --version
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![Ansible-version-CentOS8][1]
|
||||
|
||||
上面的输出确认在 CentOS 8 上安装完成。
|
||||
|
||||
让我们看下 RHEL 8 系统。
|
||||
|
||||
### RHEL 8 上的 Ansible 安装步骤
|
||||
|
||||
如果你有有效的 RHEL 8 订阅,请使用以下订阅管理器命令启用 Ansble 仓库,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$ sudo subscription-manager repos --enable ansible-2.8-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
启用仓库后,执行以下 dnf 命令安装 Ansible,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$ sudo dnf install ansible -y
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
安装 ansible 及其依赖包后,执行以下命令来验证它的版本,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$ sudo ansible --version
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 在 CentOS 8 / RHEL 8 上通过 pip3 安装 Ansible 的可选方法
|
||||
|
||||
如果你希望使用 **pip**(python 的包管理器)安装 Ansible,请首先使用以下命令安装 pyhton3 和 python3-pip 包,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$ sudo dnf install python3 python3-pip -y
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
安装 python3 后,运行以下命令来验证它的版本。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$ python3 -V
|
||||
Python 3.6.8
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
命令下面的 pip3 命令安装 Ansible,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$ pip3 install ansible --user
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
输出,
|
||||
|
||||
![Ansible-Install-pip3-centos8][1]
|
||||
|
||||
上面的输出确认 Ansible 已成功使用 pip3 安装。让我们看下如何使用 Ansible。
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何使用 Ansible 自动化工具?
|
||||
|
||||
当我们使用 yum 或 dnf 命令安装 Ansible 时,它的配置文件、清单文件和角色目录会自动在 /etc/ansible 文件夹下创建。
|
||||
|
||||
让我们添加一个名称为 “**labservers**” 的组,并在 **/etc/ansible/hosts** 文件中给该组添加 Ubuntu 18.04 和 CentOS 7 的系统 IP 地址。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$ sudo vi /etc/ansible/hosts
|
||||
…
|
||||
[labservers]
|
||||
192.168.1.20
|
||||
192.168.1.30
|
||||
…
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
保存并退出文件。
|
||||
|
||||
更新清单文件(/etc/ansible/hosts)后,将用户的 ssh 公钥与作为 “labservers” 组一部分的远程系统交换。
|
||||
|
||||
让我们首先使用 ssh-keygen 命令生成本地用户的公钥和私钥,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$ ssh-keygen
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
现在使用以下命令在 ansible 服务器及其客户端之间交换公钥,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$ ssh-copy-id root@linuxtechi
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$ ssh-copy-id root@linuxtechi
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
现在,让我们尝试几个 Ansible 命令,首先使用 ping 模块验证 Ansible 服务器与客户端的连接,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$ ansible -m ping "labservers"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**注意:** 如果我们没有在上面的命令中指定清单文件,那么它将引用默认主机文件(即 /etc/ansible/hosts)
|
||||
|
||||
输出:
|
||||
|
||||
![ansible-ping-module-centos8][1]
|
||||
|
||||
让我们使用 Ansible shell 命令检查每个客户端的内核版本,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$ ansible -m command -a "uname -r" "labservers"
|
||||
192.168.1.30 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
|
||||
4.15.0-20-generic
|
||||
192.168.1.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
|
||||
3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
使用以下命令列出清单文件中的所有主机,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$ ansible all -i /etc/ansible/hosts --list-hosts
|
||||
hosts (4):
|
||||
192.168.100.1
|
||||
192.168.100.10
|
||||
192.168.1.20
|
||||
192.168.1.30
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
使用以下 ansible 命令仅列出 “labservers” 组中的主机。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
root@linuxtechi ~]$ ansible labservers -i /etc/ansible/hosts --list-hosts
|
||||
hosts (2):
|
||||
192.168.1.20
|
||||
192.168.1.30
|
||||
[root@linuxtechi ~]$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
本文就是这些了,我们成功演示了如何在 CentOS 8 和 RHEL 8 系统中安装和使用 Ansible。请分享你的反馈和意见。
|
||||
|
||||
* [Facebook][4]
|
||||
* [Twitter][5]
|
||||
* [LinkedIn][6]
|
||||
* [Reddit][7]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.linuxtechi.com/install-ansible-centos-8-rhel-8/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Pradeep Kumar][a]
|
||||
选题:[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/pradeep/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7
|
||||
[2]: http://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Install-Ansible-CentOS8-RHEL8.png
|
||||
[3]: http://www.linuxtechi.com/enable-epel-repo-centos8-rhel8-server/
|
||||
[4]: http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linuxtechi.com%2Finstall-ansible-centos-8-rhel-8%2F&t=How%20to%20Install%20Ansible%20%28Automation%20Tool%29%20on%20CentOS%208%2FRHEL%208
|
||||
[5]: http://twitter.com/share?text=How%20to%20Install%20Ansible%20%28Automation%20Tool%29%20on%20CentOS%208%2FRHEL%208&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linuxtechi.com%2Finstall-ansible-centos-8-rhel-8%2F&via=Linuxtechi
|
||||
[6]: http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linuxtechi.com%2Finstall-ansible-centos-8-rhel-8%2F&title=How%20to%20Install%20Ansible%20%28Automation%20Tool%29%20on%20CentOS%208%2FRHEL%208
|
||||
[7]: http://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linuxtechi.com%2Finstall-ansible-centos-8-rhel-8%2F&title=How%20to%20Install%20Ansible%20%28Automation%20Tool%29%20on%20CentOS%208%2FRHEL%208
|
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