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translating by ucasFL
More Unknown Linux Commands
============================================================
![unknown Linux commands](https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/outer-limits-of-linux.jpg?itok=5L5xfj2v "unknown Linux commands")
>Explore the outer limits of Linux with Carla Schroder in this roundup of little-known utilities.[Creative Commons Zero][2]Pixabay
A roundup of the fun and little-known utilities `termsaver`, `pv`, and `calendar`. `termsaver` is an ASCII screensaver for the console, and `pv` measures data throughput and simulates typing. Debian's `calendar` comes with a batch of different calendars, and instructions for making your own.
![Linux commands](https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/floated_images/public/linux-commands-fig-1.png?itok=HveXXLLK "Linux commands")
Figure 1: Star Wars screensaver.[Used with permission][1]
### Terminal Screensaver
Why should graphical desktops have all the fun with fancy screensavers? Install `termsaver` to enjoy fancy ASCII screensavers like matrix, clock, starwars, and a couple of not-safe-for-work screens. More on the NSFW screens in a moment.
`termsaver` is included in Debian/Ubuntu, and if you're using a boring distro that doesn't package fun things (like CentOS), you can download it from [termsaver.brunobraga.net][7] and follow the simple installation instructions.
Run `termsaver -h` to see a list of screens:
```
randtxt displays word in random places on screen
starwars runs the asciimation Star Wars movie
urlfetcher displays url contents with typing animation
quotes4all displays recent quotes from quotes4all.net
rssfeed displays rss feed information
matrix displays a matrix movie alike screensaver
clock displays a digital clock on screen
rfc randomly displays RFC contents
jokes4all displays recent jokes from jokes4all.net (NSFW)
asciiartfarts displays ascii images from asciiartfarts.com (NSFW)
programmer displays source code in typing animation
sysmon displays a graphical system monitor
```
Then run your chosen screen with `termsaver [screen name]`, e.g. `termsaver matrix`, and stop it with Ctrl+c. Get information on individual screens by running `termsaver [screen name] -h`. Figure 1 is from the `starwars` screen, which runs our old favorite [Asciimation Wars][8].
The not-safe-for-work screens pull in online feeds. They're not my cup of tea, but the good news is `termsaver` is a gaggle of Python scripts, so they're easy to hack to connect to any RSS feed you desire.
### pv
The `pv` command is one of those funny little utilities that lends itself to creative uses. Its intended use is monitoring data copying progress, like when you run `rsync` or create a `tar`archive. When you run `pv` without options the defaults are:
* -p progress.
* -t timer, total elapsed time.
* -e, ETA, time to completion. This is often inaccurate as `pv` cannot always know the size of the data you are moving.
* -r, rate counter, or throughput.
* -b, byte counter.
This is what an `rsync` transfer looks like:
```
$ rsync -av /home/carla/ /media/carla/backup/ | pv
sending incremental file list
[...]
103GiB 0:02:48 [ 615MiB/s] [ <=>
```
Create a tar archive like this example:
```
$ tar -czf - /file/path| (pv > backup.tgz)
885MiB 0:00:30 [28.6MiB/s] [ <=>
```
`pv` monitors processes. To see maximum activity monitor a Web browser process. It is amazing how much activity that generates:
```
$ pv -d 3095
58:/home/carla/.pki/nssdb/key4.db: 0 B 0:00:33
[ 0 B/s] [<=> ]
78:/home/carla/.config/chromium/Default/Visited Links:
256KiB 0:00:33 [ 0 B/s] [<=> ]
]
85:/home/carla/.con...romium/Default/data_reduction_proxy_leveldb/LOG:
298 B 0:00:33 [ 0 B/s] [<=> ]
```
Somewhere on the Internet I stumbled across a most entertaining way to use `pv` to echo back what I type:
```
$ echo "typing random stuff to pipe through pv" | pv -qL 8
typing random stuff to pipe through pv
```
The normal `echo` command prints the whole line at once. Piping it through `pv` makes it appear as though it is being re-typed. I have no idea if this has any practical value, but I like it. The `-L`controls the speed of the playback, in bytes per second.
`pv` is one of those funny little old commands that has acquired a giant batch of options over the years, including fancy formatting options, multiple output options, and transfer speed modifiers. `man pv` reveals all.
### /usr/bin/calendar
It's amazing what you can learn by browsing `/usr/bin` and other commands directories, and reading man pages. `/usr/bin/calendar` on Debian/Ubuntu is a modification of the BSD calendar, but it omits the moon and sun phases. It retains multiple calendars including `calendar.computer, calendar.discordian, calendar.music`, and `calendar.lotr`. On my system the man page lists different calendars than exist in `/usr/bin/calendar`. This example displays the Lord of the Rings calendar for the next 60 days:
```
$ calendar -f /usr/share/calendar/calendar.lotr -A 60
Apr 17 An unexpected party
Apr 23 Crowning of King Ellesar
May 19 Arwen leaves Lorian to wed King Ellesar
Jun 11 Sauron attacks Osgilliath
```
The calendars are plain text files so you can easily create your own. The easy way is to copy the format of the existing calendar files. `man calendar` contains detailed instructions for creating your own calendar file.
Once again we come to the end too quickly. Take some time to cruise your own filesystem to dig up interesting commands to play with.
_Learn more about Linux through the free ["Introduction to Linux" ][5]course from The Linux Foundation and edX._
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.linux.com/learn/intro-to-linux/2017/4/more-unknown-linux-commands
作者：[ CARLA SCHRODER][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:https://www.linux.com/users/cschroder
[1]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission
[2]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/creative-commons-zero
[3]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/linux-commands-fig-1png
[4]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/outer-limits-linuxjpg
[5]:https://training.linuxfoundation.org/linux-courses/system-administration-training/introduction-to-linux
[6]:https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linux.com%2Flearn%2Fintro-to-linux%2F2017%2F4%2Fmore-unknown-linux-commands&title=More%20Unknown%20Linux%20Commands
[7]:http://termsaver.brunobraga.net/
[8]:http://www.asciimation.co.nz/

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更多你所不知道的 Linux 命令
============================================================
![unknown Linux commands](https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/outer-limits-of-linux.jpg?itok=5L5xfj2v "unknown Linux commands")
>在这篇文章中和 Carla Schroder 一起探索 Linux 中的一些鲜为人知的强大工具。[CC Zero][2]Pixabay
本文是一篇关于一些有趣但鲜为人知的工具 `termsaver`、`pv` 和 `calendar` 的文章。`termsaver` 是一个终端 ASCII 锁屏，`pv` 能够测量数据吞吐量并模拟输入。Debian 的 `calendar` 拥有许多不同的日历表，并且你还可以制定你自己的日历表。
![Linux commands](https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/floated_images/public/linux-commands-fig-1.png?itok=HveXXLLK "Linux commands")
*图片 1： 星球大战屏保。[使用许可][1]*
### 终端屏保
难道只有图形桌面能够拥有有趣的屏保吗？现在，你可以通过安装 `termsaver` 来享受 ASCII 屏保，比如 matrix（LCTT 译注：电影《黑客帝国》中出现的黑客屏保）、时钟、星球大战以及一系列不太安全的屏保。有趣的屏保将会瞬间占据 NSFW 屏幕。
`termsaver` 可以从 Debian/Ubuntu 的包管理器中直接下载安装，如果你使用别的不包含该软件包的发行版比如 CentOS，那么你可以从 [termsaver.brunobraga.net][7] 下载，然后按照安装指导进行安装。
运行 `termsaver -h` 来查看一系列屏保：
```
randtxt displays word in random places on screen
starwars runs the asciimation Star Wars movie
urlfetcher displays url contents with typing animation
quotes4all displays recent quotes from quotes4all.net
rssfeed displays rss feed information
matrix displays a matrix movie alike screensaver
clock displays a digital clock on screen
rfc randomly displays RFC contents
jokes4all displays recent jokes from jokes4all.net (NSFW)
asciiartfarts displays ascii images from asciiartfarts.com (NSFW)
programmer displays source code in typing animation
sysmon displays a graphical system monitor
```
你可以通过运行命令 `termsaver [屏保名]` 来使用屏保，比如 `termsaver matrix` ，然后按 `Ctrl+c` 停止。你也可以通过运行 `termsaver [屏保名] -h` 命令来获取关于某一个特定屏保的信息。图片 1 来自 `startwars` 屏保，它运行的是古老但受人喜爱的 [Asciimation Wars][8] 。
那些不太安全的屏保通过在线获取资源的方式运行，我并不喜欢它们，但好消息是，由于 `termsaver` 是一些 Python 的脚本文件，因此，你可以很容易的利用它们连接到任何你想要的 RSS 资源。
### pv
`pv` 命令是一个非常有趣的小工具但却很实用。它的用途是监测数据复制的进程，比如，当你运行 `rsync` 命令或创建一个 `tar` 归档的时候。当你不带任何选项运行 `pv` 命令时，默认参数为：
* -p ：进程
* -t ：时间，到当前总运行时间
* -e ：预计完成时间，这往往是不准确的，因为 `pv` 通常不知道需要移动的数据的大小
* -r ：速率计数器，或吞吐量
* -b ：字节计数器
一次 `rsync` 传输看起来像这样：
```
$ rsync -av /home/carla/ /media/carla/backup/ | pv
sending incremental file list
[...]
103GiB 0:02:48 [ 615MiB/s] [ <=>
```
创建一个 tar 归档，就像下面这个例子：
```
$ tar -czf - /file/path| (pv > backup.tgz)
885MiB 0:00:30 [28.6MiB/s] [ <=>
```
`pv` 能够监测进程，因此也可以监测 Web 浏览器的最大活动，令人惊讶的是，它产生了如此多的活动：
```
$ pv -d 3095
58:/home/carla/.pki/nssdb/key4.db: 0 B 0:00:33
[ 0 B/s] [<=> ]
78:/home/carla/.config/chromium/Default/Visited Links:
256KiB 0:00:33 [ 0 B/s] [<=> ]
]
85:/home/carla/.con...romium/Default/data_reduction_proxy_leveldb/LOG:
298 B 0:00:33 [ 0 B/s] [<=> ]
```
在网上，我偶然发现一个使用 `pv` 最有趣的方式：使用 `pv` 来回显输入的内容：
```
$ echo "typing random stuff to pipe through pv" | pv -qL 8
typing random stuff to pipe through pv
```
普通的 `echo` 命令会瞬间打印一整行内容。通过管道传给 `pv` 之后能够让内容像是重新输入一样的显示出来。我不知道这是否有实际的价值，但是我非常喜欢它。`-L` 选项控制回显的速度，即多少字节每秒。
`pv` 是一个非常古老且非常有趣的命令，这么多年以来，它拥有了许多的选项，包括有趣的格式化选项，多输出选项，以及传输速度修改器。你可以通过 `man pv` 来查看所有的选项。
### /usr/bin/calendar
通过浏览 `/usr/bin` 目录以及其他命令目录和阅读 man 手册，你能够学到很多东西。在 Debian/Ubuntu 上的 `/usr/bin/calendar` 是 BSD 日历的一个变种，但它忽略了月亮历和太阳历。它保留了多个日历包括 `calendar.computer, calendar.discordian, calendar.music` 以及 `calendar.lotr`。在我的系统上，man 手册列出了 `/usr/bin/calendar` 里存在的不同日历。下面这个例子展示了指环王日历接下来的 60 天：
```
$ calendar -f /usr/share/calendar/calendar.lotr -A 60
Apr 17 An unexpected party
Apr 23 Crowning of King Ellesar
May 19 Arwen leaves Lorian to wed King Ellesar
Jun 11 Sauron attacks Osgilliath
```
这些日历是纯文本文件，因此，你可以轻松的创建你自己的日历。最简单的方式就是复制已经存在的日历文件的格式。你可以通过 `man calendar` 命令来查看创建个人日历文件的更详细的指导。
又一次很快走到了尽头。你可以花费一些时间来浏览你的文件系统，挖掘更多有趣的命令。
_你可以他通过来自 Linux 基金会和 edx 的免费课程 ["Introduction to Linux"][5] 来学习更过关于 Linux 的知识_。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.linux.com/learn/intro-to-linux/2017/4/more-unknown-linux-commands
作者：[ CARLA SCHRODER][a]
译者：[ucasFL](https://github.com/ucasFL)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:https://www.linux.com/users/cschroder
[1]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission
[2]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/creative-commons-zero
[3]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/linux-commands-fig-1png
[4]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/outer-limits-linuxjpg
[5]:https://training.linuxfoundation.org/linux-courses/system-administration-training/introduction-to-linux
[6]:https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linux.com%2Flearn%2Fintro-to-linux%2F2017%2F4%2Fmore-unknown-linux-commands&amp;amp;amp;title=More%20Unknown%20Linux%20Commands
[7]:http://termsaver.brunobraga.net/
[8]:http://www.asciimation.co.nz/