diff --git a/sources/tech/20170413 More Unknown Linux Commands.md b/sources/tech/20170413 More Unknown Linux Commands.md deleted file mode 100644 index d773d7b4c9..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20170413 More Unknown Linux Commands.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,133 +0,0 @@ -translating by ucasFL - -More Unknown Linux Commands -============================================================ - - -![unknown Linux commands](https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/outer-limits-of-linux.jpg?itok=5L5xfj2v "unknown Linux commands") ->Explore the outer limits of Linux with Carla Schroder in this roundup of little-known utilities.[Creative Commons Zero][2]Pixabay - -A roundup of the fun and little-known utilities `termsaver`, `pv`, and `calendar`. `termsaver` is an ASCII screensaver for the console, and `pv` measures data throughput and simulates typing. Debian's `calendar` comes with a batch of different calendars, and instructions for making your own. - -![Linux commands](https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/floated_images/public/linux-commands-fig-1.png?itok=HveXXLLK "Linux commands") - -Figure 1: Star Wars screensaver.[Used with permission][1] - -### Terminal Screensaver - -Why should graphical desktops have all the fun with fancy screensavers? Install `termsaver` to enjoy fancy ASCII screensavers like matrix, clock, starwars, and a couple of not-safe-for-work screens. More on the NSFW screens in a moment. - -`termsaver` is included in Debian/Ubuntu, and if you're using a boring distro that doesn't package fun things (like CentOS), you can download it from [termsaver.brunobraga.net][7] and follow the simple installation instructions. - -Run `termsaver -h` to see a list of screens: - -``` - randtxt displays word in random places on screen - starwars runs the asciimation Star Wars movie - urlfetcher displays url contents with typing animation - quotes4all displays recent quotes from quotes4all.net - rssfeed displays rss feed information - matrix displays a matrix movie alike screensaver - clock displays a digital clock on screen - rfc randomly displays RFC contents - jokes4all displays recent jokes from jokes4all.net (NSFW) - asciiartfarts displays ascii images from asciiartfarts.com (NSFW) - programmer displays source code in typing animation - sysmon displays a graphical system monitor -``` - -Then run your chosen screen with `termsaver [screen name]`, e.g. `termsaver matrix`, and stop it with Ctrl+c. Get information on individual screens by running `termsaver [screen name] -h`. Figure 1 is from the `starwars` screen, which runs our old favorite [Asciimation Wars][8]. - -The not-safe-for-work screens pull in online feeds. They're not my cup of tea, but the good news is `termsaver` is a gaggle of Python scripts, so they're easy to hack to connect to any RSS feed you desire. - -### pv - -The `pv` command is one of those funny little utilities that lends itself to creative uses. Its intended use is monitoring data copying progress, like when you run `rsync` or create a `tar`archive. When you run `pv` without options the defaults are: - -* -p progress. - -* -t timer, total elapsed time. - -* -e, ETA, time to completion. This is often inaccurate as `pv` cannot always know the size of the data you are moving. - -* -r, rate counter, or throughput. - -* -b, byte counter. - -This is what an `rsync` transfer looks like: - -``` -$ rsync -av /home/carla/ /media/carla/backup/ | pv -sending incremental file list -[...] -103GiB 0:02:48 [ 615MiB/s] [ <=> -``` - -Create a tar archive like this example: - -``` -$ tar -czf - /file/path| (pv > backup.tgz) - 885MiB 0:00:30 [28.6MiB/s] [ <=> -``` - -`pv` monitors processes. To see maximum activity monitor a Web browser process. It is amazing how much activity that generates: - -``` -$ pv -d 3095 - 58:/home/carla/.pki/nssdb/key4.db: 0 B 0:00:33 - [ 0 B/s] [<=> ] - 78:/home/carla/.config/chromium/Default/Visited Links: - 256KiB 0:00:33 [ 0 B/s] [<=> ] - ] - 85:/home/carla/.con...romium/Default/data_reduction_proxy_leveldb/LOG: - 298 B 0:00:33 [ 0 B/s] [<=> ] -``` - -Somewhere on the Internet I stumbled across a most entertaining way to use `pv` to echo back what I type: - -``` -$ echo "typing random stuff to pipe through pv" | pv -qL 8 -typing random stuff to pipe through pv -``` - -The normal `echo` command prints the whole line at once. Piping it through `pv` makes it appear as though it is being re-typed. I have no idea if this has any practical value, but I like it. The `-L`controls the speed of the playback, in bytes per second. - -`pv` is one of those funny little old commands that has acquired a giant batch of options over the years, including fancy formatting options, multiple output options, and transfer speed modifiers. `man pv` reveals all. - -### /usr/bin/calendar - -It's amazing what you can learn by browsing `/usr/bin` and other commands directories, and reading man pages. `/usr/bin/calendar` on Debian/Ubuntu is a modification of the BSD calendar, but it omits the moon and sun phases. It retains multiple calendars including `calendar.computer, calendar.discordian, calendar.music`, and `calendar.lotr`. On my system the man page lists different calendars than exist in `/usr/bin/calendar`. This example displays the Lord of the Rings calendar for the next 60 days: - -``` -$ calendar -f /usr/share/calendar/calendar.lotr -A 60 -Apr 17 An unexpected party -Apr 23 Crowning of King Ellesar -May 19 Arwen leaves Lorian to wed King Ellesar -Jun 11 Sauron attacks Osgilliath -``` - -The calendars are plain text files so you can easily create your own. The easy way is to copy the format of the existing calendar files. `man calendar` contains detailed instructions for creating your own calendar file. - -Once again we come to the end too quickly. Take some time to cruise your own filesystem to dig up interesting commands to play with. - - _Learn more about Linux through the free ["Introduction to Linux" ][5]course from The Linux Foundation and edX._ - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.linux.com/learn/intro-to-linux/2017/4/more-unknown-linux-commands - -作者：[ CARLA SCHRODER][a] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]:https://www.linux.com/users/cschroder -[1]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission -[2]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/creative-commons-zero -[3]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/linux-commands-fig-1png -[4]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/outer-limits-linuxjpg -[5]:https://training.linuxfoundation.org/linux-courses/system-administration-training/introduction-to-linux -[6]:https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linux.com%2Flearn%2Fintro-to-linux%2F2017%2F4%2Fmore-unknown-linux-commands&title=More%20Unknown%20Linux%20Commands -[7]:http://termsaver.brunobraga.net/ -[8]:http://www.asciimation.co.nz/ diff --git a/translated/tech/20170413 More Unknown Linux Commands.md b/translated/tech/20170413 More Unknown Linux Commands.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..95bad0d983 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20170413 More Unknown Linux Commands.md @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +更多你所不知道的 Linux 命令 +============================================================ + + +![unknown Linux commands](https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/outer-limits-of-linux.jpg?itok=5L5xfj2v "unknown Linux commands") +>在这篇文章中和 Carla Schroder 一起探索 Linux 中的一些鲜为人知的强大工具。[CC Zero][2]Pixabay + +本文是一篇关于一些有趣但鲜为人知的工具 `termsaver`、`pv` 和 `calendar` 的文章。`termsaver` 是一个终端 ASCII 锁屏，`pv` 能够测量数据吞吐量并模拟输入。Debian 的 `calendar` 拥有许多不同的日历表，并且你还可以制定你自己的日历表。 + +![Linux commands](https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/floated_images/public/linux-commands-fig-1.png?itok=HveXXLLK "Linux commands") + +*图片 1： 星球大战屏保。[使用许可][1]* + +### 终端屏保 + +难道只有图形桌面能够拥有有趣的屏保吗？现在，你可以通过安装 `termsaver` 来享受 ASCII 屏保，比如 matrix（LCTT 译注：电影《黑客帝国》中出现的黑客屏保）、时钟、星球大战以及一系列不太安全的屏保。有趣的屏保将会瞬间占据 NSFW 屏幕。 + +`termsaver` 可以从 Debian/Ubuntu 的包管理器中直接下载安装，如果你使用别的不包含该软件包的发行版比如 CentOS，那么你可以从 [termsaver.brunobraga.net][7] 下载，然后按照安装指导进行安装。 + +运行 `termsaver -h` 来查看一系列屏保： + +``` + randtxt displays word in random places on screen + starwars runs the asciimation Star Wars movie + urlfetcher displays url contents with typing animation + quotes4all displays recent quotes from quotes4all.net + rssfeed displays rss feed information + matrix displays a matrix movie alike screensaver + clock displays a digital clock on screen + rfc randomly displays RFC contents + jokes4all displays recent jokes from jokes4all.net (NSFW) + asciiartfarts displays ascii images from asciiartfarts.com (NSFW) + programmer displays source code in typing animation + sysmon displays a graphical system monitor +``` + +你可以通过运行命令 `termsaver [屏保名]` 来使用屏保，比如 `termsaver matrix` ，然后按 `Ctrl+c` 停止。你也可以通过运行 `termsaver [屏保名] -h` 命令来获取关于某一个特定屏保的信息。图片 1 来自 `startwars` 屏保，它运行的是古老但受人喜爱的 [Asciimation Wars][8] 。 + +那些不太安全的屏保通过在线获取资源的方式运行，我并不喜欢它们，但好消息是，由于 `termsaver` 是一些 Python 的脚本文件，因此，你可以很容易的利用它们连接到任何你想要的 RSS 资源。 + +### pv + +`pv` 命令是一个非常有趣的小工具但却很实用。它的用途是监测数据复制的进程，比如，当你运行 `rsync` 命令或创建一个 `tar` 归档的时候。当你不带任何选项运行 `pv` 命令时，默认参数为： + +* -p ：进程 + +* -t ：时间，到当前总运行时间 + +* -e ：预计完成时间，这往往是不准确的，因为 `pv` 通常不知道需要移动的数据的大小 + +* -r ：速率计数器，或吞吐量 + +* -b ：字节计数器 + +一次 `rsync` 传输看起来像这样： + +``` +$ rsync -av /home/carla/ /media/carla/backup/ | pv +sending incremental file list +[...] +103GiB 0:02:48 [ 615MiB/s] [ <=> +``` + +创建一个 tar 归档，就像下面这个例子： + +``` +$ tar -czf - /file/path| (pv > backup.tgz) + 885MiB 0:00:30 [28.6MiB/s] [ <=> +``` + +`pv` 能够监测进程，因此也可以监测 Web 浏览器的最大活动，令人惊讶的是，它产生了如此多的活动： + +``` +$ pv -d 3095 + 58:/home/carla/.pki/nssdb/key4.db: 0 B 0:00:33 + [ 0 B/s] [<=> ] + 78:/home/carla/.config/chromium/Default/Visited Links: + 256KiB 0:00:33 [ 0 B/s] [<=> ] + ] + 85:/home/carla/.con...romium/Default/data_reduction_proxy_leveldb/LOG: + 298 B 0:00:33 [ 0 B/s] [<=> ] +``` + +在网上，我偶然发现一个使用 `pv` 最有趣的方式：使用 `pv` 来回显输入的内容： + +``` +$ echo "typing random stuff to pipe through pv" | pv -qL 8 +typing random stuff to pipe through pv +``` + +普通的 `echo` 命令会瞬间打印一整行内容。通过管道传给 `pv` 之后能够让内容像是重新输入一样的显示出来。我不知道这是否有实际的价值，但是我非常喜欢它。`-L` 选项控制回显的速度，即多少字节每秒。 + +`pv` 是一个非常古老且非常有趣的命令，这么多年以来，它拥有了许多的选项，包括有趣的格式化选项，多输出选项，以及传输速度修改器。你可以通过 `man pv` 来查看所有的选项。 + +### /usr/bin/calendar + +通过浏览 `/usr/bin` 目录以及其他命令目录和阅读 man 手册，你能够学到很多东西。在 Debian/Ubuntu 上的 `/usr/bin/calendar` 是 BSD 日历的一个变种，但它忽略了月亮历和太阳历。它保留了多个日历包括 `calendar.computer, calendar.discordian, calendar.music` 以及 `calendar.lotr`。在我的系统上，man 手册列出了 `/usr/bin/calendar` 里存在的不同日历。下面这个例子展示了指环王日历接下来的 60 天： + +``` +$ calendar -f /usr/share/calendar/calendar.lotr -A 60 +Apr 17 An unexpected party +Apr 23 Crowning of King Ellesar +May 19 Arwen leaves Lorian to wed King Ellesar +Jun 11 Sauron attacks Osgilliath +``` + +这些日历是纯文本文件，因此，你可以轻松的创建你自己的日历。最简单的方式就是复制已经存在的日历文件的格式。你可以通过 `man calendar` 命令来查看创建个人日历文件的更详细的指导。 + +又一次很快走到了尽头。你可以花费一些时间来浏览你的文件系统，挖掘更多有趣的命令。 + + _你可以他通过来自 Linux 基金会和 edx 的免费课程 ["Introduction to Linux"][5] 来学习更过关于 Linux 的知识_。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.linux.com/learn/intro-to-linux/2017/4/more-unknown-linux-commands + +作者：[ CARLA SCHRODER][a] +译者：[ucasFL](https://github.com/ucasFL) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:https://www.linux.com/users/cschroder +[1]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission +[2]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/creative-commons-zero +[3]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/linux-commands-fig-1png + +[4]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/outer-limits-linuxjpg +[5]:https://training.linuxfoundation.org/linux-courses/system-administration-training/introduction-to-linux +[6]:https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linux.com%2Flearn%2Fintro-to-linux%2F2017%2F4%2Fmore-unknown-linux-commands&amp;amp;title=More%20Unknown%20Linux%20Commands +[7]:http://termsaver.brunobraga.net/ +[8]:http://www.asciimation.co.nz/