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+[#]: subject: "NixOS Series #4: Things To Do After Installing NixOS"
+[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-nixos/"
+[#]: author: "Sagar Sharma https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/"
+[#]: collector: "lkxed"
+[#]: translator: " "
+[#]: reviewer: " "
+[#]: publisher: " "
+[#]: url: " "
+
+NixOS Series #4: Things To Do After Installing NixOS
+======
+
+After installation, you will notice that NixOS is quite different from general-purpose Linux distributions.
+
+Of course, as one of the [advanced Linux distributions][1], it may not feel right at home to most new users.
+
+If you do not know [why you should use NixOS][2], and trying it out of curiosity, it is vital to know who it is for before proceeding.
+
+While I assume you installed the distro already, if it is your first time, I suggest [installing NixOS on a virtual machine][3].
+
+### 1. Update packages
+
+Updates would always be there even if you used the latest ISO for the installation. So why not start by updating the packages?
+
+To upgrade packages, first, you will have to check for updates in added channels:
+
+```
+nix-channel --update
+```
+
+And then, use the following command to install those updates (if any):
+
+```
+sudo nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade
+```
+
+That's it! It will take care of the rest.
+
+### 2. Change hostname in NixOS
+
+If you try the traditional way of [changing the hostname][4] (using the `hostnamectl` command), it will throw the following error:
+
+![error changing hostname in nixos][5]
+
+With NixOS, you can change the hostname easily using its main config file, which you can access using the following command:
+
+```
+sudo nano /etc/nixos/configuration.nix
+```
+
+In this config file, look for the following line:
+
+```
+networking.hostName = "nixos";
+```
+
+And change it to:
+
+```
+networking.hostName = "Your_Hostname";
+```
+
+For example, I changed my hostname to `itsFOSS`:
+
+```
+networking.hostName = "itsFOSS";
+```
+
+![change hostname in NixOS][6]
+
+Now, [save changes and exit from the nano][7] text editor.
+
+To take effect from the change you made to hostname, execute the following command:
+
+```
+sudo nixos-rebuild switch
+```
+
+And finally, reopen the terminal, and the change in hostname should reflect.
+
+### 3. Setup Flatpak
+
+I know what you might be thinking. The Nix package manager already offers a plethora of packages. So, why do you need Flatpak?
+
+Installing what you need could be a bit time-consuming for first-time users. So, Flatpak should make things convenient for you.
+
+[Setting up Flatpak][8] is not the same as you do on Ubuntu.
+
+To setup Flatpak, you will have to make changes to the `configuration.nix` file, which can be accessed using the following:
+
+```
+sudo nano /etc/nixos/configuration.nix
+```
+
+[Go to the end of the line in nano][9] and add the following line before the `}`:
+
+```
+services.flatpak.enable = true;
+```
+
+![setup flatpak on nixos][10]
+
+Save changes by pressing `Ctrl + O`, hit enter and exit by `Ctrl + X`.
+
+Next, rebuild and switch to the new config file using the following command:
+
+```
+sudo nixos-rebuild switch
+```
+
+And finally, add the Flathub repository to the system using the following command:
+
+```
+flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo
+```
+
+Want to know what exactly is a Flatpak package? You can refer to our article on it:
+
+### 4. Enable garbage collection
+
+NixOS is known for being immutable, and there is a strong reason why.
+
+Whenever you upgrade a package, the old package won't be removed. Just the symlinks of the old package will be given to the latest version.
+
+And doing that, you will collect unnecessary trash from your system.
+
+But removing every old generation will falsify the purpose of NixOS.
+
+So, in that case, you can configure your system to remove garbage packages weekly.
+
+To do that, first, open the nix configuration file:
+
+```
+sudo nano /etc/nixos/configuration.nix
+```
+
+And add the following line at the end of the config file before `}`:
+
+```
+# Automatic Garbage Collection
+nix.gc = {
+                automatic = true;
+                dates = "weekly";
+                options = "--delete-older-than 7d";
+        };
+```
+
+![enable automatic garbage collection in NixOS][11]
+
+Save changes and exit from the nano text editor.
+
+To activate the garbage collection, rebuild and switch to the new config file:
+
+```
+sudo nixos-rebuild switch
+```
+
+If you are not sure whether the garbage collector is running fine in the background, you can list active timers using the following command:
+
+```
+systemctl list-timers
+```
+
+![][12]
+
+And as you can see, the Nix garbage collector is running as expected and shows 5 days left for the next cleanup.
+
+### 5. Install your favorite software
+
+I mean this is the only reason why we use computers. "To use our favorite software," and if there's none, we make it happen!
+
+The best place to look for packages is the [Nix package search][13] which can be accessed using any of your preferred browsers.
+
+- Search package
+- Select the package
+- Click on `nix-env` and copy the given command for `NixOS`
+- Execute that command, and that's it
+
+You can check our [NixOS package management][14] guide to get all the details.
+
+Let me give you a quick recap here. For example, here, I want to install Librewolf, so I went with the following:
+
+![search packages for nixos][15]
+
+**But if you want to install services like SSH or plex, the above method won't work**.
+
+For that, you will have to look into `NixOS options` situated at the top of the page.
+
+So let's say I want to install OpenSSH, so I have to follow the given steps:
+
+- Go to `NixOS options`
+- Search the name of the service
+- Get the name of the service and paste it to the `configuration.nix` by changing its value to `true`
+
+![Search the service for nixos][16]
+
+```
+services.openssh.enable = true
+```
+
+![enable openssh on nixos][17]
+
+After adding the line to the config file, rebuild the service:
+
+```
+sudo nixos-rebuild switch
+```
+
+### 6. Enable auto-update in NixOS (optional)
+
+Some users prefer to have auto-updates enabled, whereas others can update packages at their convenience.
+
+So it is all up to you.
+
+**To enable auto-update**, first open the `configuration.nix` file:
+
+```
+sudo nano /etc/nixos/configuration.nix
+```
+
+Next, add the following line at the end of the config file before `}`:
+
+```
+# Auto system update
+system.autoUpgrade = {
+      enable = true;
+};
+```
+
+![enable auto system update in nixos][18]
+
+Save changes and exit from the nano.
+
+To enable the auto-update, you will have to rebuild and switch to that file using the following:
+
+```
+sudo nixos-rebuild switch
+```
+
+You can also check the NixOS upgrade timer using the following command:
+
+```
+systemctl list-timers
+```
+
+![auto upgrade timer in nixos][19]
+
+And as you can see, the `nixos-upgrade.service` is running in the background as intended!
+
+### 7. Reduce swapiness
+
+If you are utilizing the swap partition, you may want to reduce the swapiness value.
+
+Swapiness is nothing but the value of how aggressively you want to use the swap partition (or memory), which ranges from 0 to 100.
+
+The lesser the swapiness, the more your system will use the physical memory (RAM), whereas a swap partition is nothing but a bit of part of your storage drive.
+
+Also, storage drives are relatively slower than RAM, so you should reduce the swapiness if possible.
+
+To check the default swapiness of your system, use the following:
+
+```
+cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness
+```
+
+![check swapiness of linux system][20]
+
+And for most Linux distributions, it is set to `60`.
+
+I would recommend you lower this value to `10`.
+
+To do that, first, open the configuration file using the following command:
+
+```
+sudo nano /etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix
+```
+
+And add the following line at the end of the line before `}`:
+
+```
+boot.kernel.sysctl = { "vm.swappiness" = 10;};
+```
+
+![reduce swapiness in nixos][21]
+
+Save changes and exit from the text editor.
+
+Now, rebuild the config and switch to it using the following:
+
+```
+sudo nixos-rebuild switch
+```
+
+And now, you can check the swapiness again and it should reflect the change:
+
+```
+cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness
+```
+
+![reduce swapiness in NixOS][22]
+
+That's it!
+
+### Wrapping Up
+
+If you follow these points right after installing NixOS for the first time, you should get a good user experience.
+
+Sure, there can be a few other things depending on your requirements. But, I think the above-mentioned things are the most essential or common things to do.
+
+For the next part of this series, I shall discuss setting up the home manager on NixOS, which should be helpful for a system with multiple users.
+
+💬 _What do you first do after installing NixOS? Let me know your thoughts._
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-nixos/
+
+作者：[Sagar Sharma][a]
+选题：[lkxed][b]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/
+[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/
+[1]: https://itsfoss.com/advanced-linux-distros/
+[2]: https://itsfoss.com/why-use-nixos/
+[3]: https://itsfoss.com/install-nixos-vm/
+[4]: https://itsfoss.com/change-hostname-ubuntu/
+[5]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/error-changing-hostname-in-nixos.png
+[6]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/change-hostname-in-NixOS.png
+[7]: https://linuxhandbook.com/nano-save-exit/?ref=its-foss
+[8]: https://itsfoss.com/flatpak-guide/
+[9]: https://linuxhandbook.com/beginning-end-file-nano/?ref=its-foss
+[10]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/setup-flatpak-on-nixos.png
+[11]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/enable-automatic-garbage-collection-in-NixOS.png
+[12]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/list-active-timers-in-nixos.png
+[13]: https://search.nixos.org/packages?ref=its-foss
+[14]: https://itsfoss.com/nixos-package-management/
+[15]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/search-packages-for-nixos.png
+[16]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/Search-the-service-for-nixos.png
+[17]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/enable-openssh-on-nixos.png
+[18]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/enable-auto-system-update-in-nixos.png
+[19]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/auto-upgrade-timer-in-nixos.png
+[20]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/check-swapiness-of-linux-system.png
+[21]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/reduce-swapiness-in-nixos.png
+[22]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/reduce-swapiness-in-NixOS.png
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