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translating---geekpi
Scary Linux commands for Halloween
======
With Halloween so fast approaching, it's time for a little focus on the spookier side of Linux. What commands might bring up images of ghosts, witches and zombies? Which might encourage the spirit of trick or treat?
### crypt
Well, we've always got **crypt**. Despite its name, crypt is not an underground vault or a burial pit for trashed files, but a command that encrypts file content. These days "crypt" is generally implemented as a script that emulates the older crypt command by calling a binary called **mcrypt** to do its work. Using the **mycrypt** command directly is an even better option.
```
$ mcrypt x
Enter the passphrase (maximum of 512 characters)
Please use a combination of upper and lower case letters and numbers.
Enter passphrase:
Enter passphrase:
File x was encrypted.
```
Note that the mcrypt command creates a second file with an added ".nc" extension. It doesn't overwrite the file you are encrypting.
The mcrypt command has options for key size and encryption algorithm. You can specify the key as an option too, though the mcrypt command discourages this.
### kill
There's also the kill command - not exactly a reference to murder, of course, but the command that we use for terminating processes gently or with considerable force, depending on what is required to properly terminate them. And Linux doesn't stop there, of course. Instead, it has all sorts of kill commands to bloody up your command line. We've got kill, pkill, killall, killpg, rfkill, skill (read es-kill), tgkill, tkill and xkill.
```
$ killall runme
[1] Terminated ./runme
[2] Terminated ./runme
[3]- Terminated ./runme
[4]+ Terminated ./runme
```
### shred
Linux systems also support a command called **shred**. The shred command overwrites files to hide their former content and ensure that they cannot be recovered using hard drive recovery tools. Keep in mind that the rm command basically just removes a file 's reference in the directory file, but does not necessarily scrape the content off the disk or overwrite it. The **shred** command overwrites the files' content.
```
$ shred dupes.txt
$ more dupes.txt
▒oΛ▒▒9▒lm▒▒▒▒▒o▒1־▒▒f▒f▒▒▒i▒▒h^}&▒▒▒{▒▒
```
### Zombies
Although not a command, **zombies** have a strong presence on Linux systems. Zombies are basically the remains of dead processes that haven 't quite been cleaned away. Processes aren't _supposed_ to work this way - leaving dead processes wandering around instead of simply having them die and go to digital Heaven, so the presence of zombies indicates that the processes that left them behind had some kind of flaws.
One easy way to check if your system has zombie processes stumbling around is to take a look at the header lines of the top command.
```
$ top
top - 18:50:38 up 6 days, 6:36, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
Tasks: 171 total, 1 running, 167 sleeping, 0 stopped, 3 zombie **< ==**
%Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni, 99.9 id, 0.1 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 2003388 total, 250840 free, 545832 used, 1206716 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 9765884 total, 9765764 free, 120 used. 1156536 avail Mem
```
Scary! Three zombies in the above display..
### at midnight
It is sometimes said that on Halloween, the spirits of the dead wander from sunset until midnight. Linux makes it possible to track their departure with the "at midnight" command. Used to schedule jobs that will be run the next time the specified time arrives, **at** works like a one-time cron.
```
$ at midnight
warning: commands will be executed using /bin/sh
at> echo 'the spirits of the dead have left'
at> <EOT>
job 3 at Thu Oct 31 00:00:00 2017
```
### daemons
Linux systems are also highly dependent on daemons - processes that run in the background and provide a lot of the functionality of the system. Many daemon processes have names that end in "d". That "d" stands for "daemon" and is an indication that the process is one that runs all of the time and supports some important function. Others have the word "daemon" spelled out.
```
$ ps -ef | grep sshd
root 1142 1 0 Oct19 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
root 25342 1142 0 18:34 ? 00:00:00 sshd: shs [priv]
$ ps -ef | grep daemon | grep -v grep
message+ 790 1 0 Oct19 ? 00:00:01 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activation
root 836 1 0 Oct19 ? 00:00:02 /usr/lib/accountsservice/accounts-daemon
```
### Happy Halloween!
Join the Network World communities on [Facebook][1] and [LinkedIn][2] to comment on topics that are top of mind.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3235219/linux/scary-linux-commands-for-halloween.html
作者：[Sandra Henry-Stocker][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/
[1]:https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
[2]:https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world

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可怕的万圣节 Linux 命令
======
万圣节快到了，是时候关注一下 Linux 可怕的一面。什么命令可能会显示鬼、巫婆和僵尸的图像？这可能会鼓励伎俩或治疗的精神？哪个会鼓励“不给糖果就捣蛋”的精神？
### crypt
好吧，我们一直看到 **crypt**。尽管名称不同，crypt 不是一个地窖，也不是垃圾文件的埋葬坑，而是一个加密文件内容的命令。现在，“crypt” 通常用一个脚本实现，通过调用一个名为 **mcrypt** 的二进制文件来模拟以前的 crypt 命令来完成它的工作。直接使用 **mycrypt** 命令是更好的选择。
```
$ mcrypt x
Enter the passphrase (maximum of 512 characters)
Please use a combination of upper and lower case letters and numbers.
Enter passphrase:
Enter passphrase:
File x was encrypted.
```
请注意，mcrypt 命令会创建一个扩展名为 “.nc” 的第二个文件。它不会覆盖你正在加密的文件。
mcrypt 命令有密钥大小和加密算法的选项。你也可以再选项中指定密钥，但 mcrypt 命令不鼓励这样做。
### kill
还有 kill 命令 - 当然并不是指谋杀，而是用来强制和非强制地结束进程，这取决于正确终止它们的要求。当然，Linux 并不止于此。相反，它有各种 kill 命令来终止进程。我们有 kill、pkill、killall、killpg、rfkill、skill (读作 es-kill)、tgkill、tkill 和 xkill。
```
$ killall runme
[1] Terminated ./runme
[2] Terminated ./runme
[3]- Terminated ./runme
[4]+ Terminated ./runme
```
### shred
Linux 系统也支持一个名为 **shred** 的命令。shred 命令会覆盖文件以隐藏其以前的内容，并确保使用硬盘恢复工具无法恢复它们。请记住，rm 命令基本上只是删除文件在目录文件中的引用，但不一定会从磁盘上删除内容或覆盖它。**shred** 命令覆盖文件的内容。
```
$ shred dupes.txt
$ more dupes.txt
▒oΛ▒▒9▒lm▒▒▒▒▒o▒1־▒▒f▒f▒▒▒i▒▒h^}&▒▒▒{▒▒
```
### 僵尸
虽然不是命令，但**僵尸**在 Linux 系统上是很顽固的存在。僵尸基本上是没有完全清理掉的死亡进程的遗骸。进程_不应该_这样工作 - 让死亡进程四处游荡，而不是简单地让它们死亡并进入数字天堂，所以僵尸的存在表明让他们遗留的进程有一些缺陷。
一个简单的方法来检查你的系统是否有僵尸进程遗留，看看 top 命令的标题行。
```
$ top
top - 18:50:38 up 6 days, 6:36, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
Tasks: 171 total, 1 running, 167 sleeping, 0 stopped, 3 zombie **< ==**
%Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni, 99.9 id, 0.1 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 2003388 total, 250840 free, 545832 used, 1206716 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 9765884 total, 9765764 free, 120 used. 1156536 avail Mem
```
可怕！上面显示有三个僵尸进程。
### at midnight
有时会在万圣节这么说，死者的灵魂从日落开始游荡直到午夜。Linux 可以通过 “at midnight” 命令跟踪它们的离开。用于安排在下次到达指定时间时运行的作业，**at** 的作用类似于一次性的 cron。
```
$ at midnight
warning: commands will be executed using /bin/sh
at> echo 'the spirits of the dead have left'
at> <EOT>
job 3 at Thu Oct 31 00:00:00 2017
```
### 守护进程
Linux 系统也高度依赖守护进程 - 在后台运行的进程，并提供系统的许多功能。许多守护进程的名称以 “d” 结尾。这个 “d” 代表“守护进程” （daemon），表明这个进程一直运行并支持一些重要功能。有的会将单词 “daemon” 展开。
```
$ ps -ef | grep sshd
root 1142 1 0 Oct19 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
root 25342 1142 0 18:34 ? 00:00:00 sshd: shs [priv]
$ ps -ef | grep daemon | grep -v grep
message+ 790 1 0 Oct19 ? 00:00:01 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activation
root 836 1 0 Oct19 ? 00:00:02 /usr/lib/accountsservice/accounts-daemon
```
### 万圣节快乐！
在 [Facebook][1] 和 [LinkedIn][2] 上加入 Network World 社区来对主题进行评论。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3235219/linux/scary-linux-commands-for-halloween.html
作者：[Sandra Henry-Stocker][a]
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/
[1]:https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
[2]:https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world