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Update 20180924 Why Linux users should try Rust.md
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Why Linux users should try Rust
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======
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Rust is a fairly young and modern programming language with a lot of features that make it incredibly flexible and very secure. It's also becoming quite popular, having won first place for the "most loved programming language" in the Stack Overflow Developer Survey three years in a row — [2016][1], [2017][2], and [2018][3].
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Rust is also an _open-source_ language with a suite of special features that allow it to be adapted to many different programming projects. It grew out of what was a personal project of a Mozilla employee back in 2006, was picked up as a special project by Mozilla a few years later (2009), and then announced for public use in 2010.
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Rust programs run incredibly fast, prevent segfaults, and guarantee thread safety. These attributes make the language tremendously appealing to developers focused on application security. Rust is also a very readable language and one that can be used for anything from simple programs to very large and complex projects.
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Rust is:
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* Memory safe — Rust will not suffer from dangling pointers, buffer overflows, or other memory-related errors. And it provides memory safety without garbage collection.
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* General purpose — Rust is an appropriate language for any type of programming
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* Fast — Rust is comparable in performance to C/C++ but with far better security features.
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* Efficient — Rust is built to facilitate concurrent programming.
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* Project-oriented — Rust has a built-in dependency and build management system called Cargo.
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* Well supported — Rust has an impressive [support community][4].
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Rust also enforces RAII (Resource Acquisition Is Initialization). That means when an object goes out of scope, its destructor will be called and its resources will be freed, providing a shield against resource leaks. It provides functional abstractions and a great [type system][5] together with speed and mathematical soundness.
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In short, Rust is an impressive systems programming language with features that other most languages lack, making it a serious contender for languages like C, C++ and Objective-C that have been used for years.
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### Installing Rust
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Installing Rust is a fairly simple process.
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```
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$ curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
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```
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Once Rust in installed, calling rustc with the **\--version** argument or using the **which** command displays version information.
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```
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$ which rustc
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rustc 1.27.2 (58cc626de 2018-07-18)
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$ rustc --version
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rustc 1.27.2 (58cc626de 2018-07-18)
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```
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### Getting started with Rust
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The simplest code example is not all that different from what you'd enter if you were using one of many scripting languages.
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```
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$ cat hello.rs
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fn main() {
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// Print a greeting
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println!("Hello, world!");
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}
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```
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In these lines, we are setting up a function (main), adding a comment describing the function, and using a println statement to create output. You could compile and then run a program like this using the command shown below.
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```
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$ rustc hello.rs
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$ ./hello
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Hello, world!
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```
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Alternately, you might create a "project" (generally used only for more complex programs than this one!) to keep your code organized.
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```
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$ mkdir ~/projects
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$ cd ~/projects
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$ mkdir hello_world
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$ cd hello_world
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```
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Notice that even a simple program, once compiled, becomes a fairly large executable.
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```
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$ ./hello
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Hello, world!
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$ ls -l hello*
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-rwxrwxr-x 1 shs shs 5486784 Sep 23 19:02 hello <== executable
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-rw-rw-r-- 1 shs shs 68 Sep 23 15:25 hello.rs
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```
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And, of course, that's just a start — the traditional "Hello, world!" program. The Rust language has a suite of features to get you moving quickly to advanced levels of programming skill.
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### Learning Rust
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![rust programming language book cover][6]
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No Starch Press
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The Rust Programming Language book by Steve Klabnik and Carol Nichols (2018) provides one of the best ways to learn Rust. Written by two members of the core development team, this book is available in print from [No Starch Press][7] or in ebook format at [rust-lang.org][8]. It has earned its reference as "the book" among the Rust developer community.
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Among the many topics covered, you will learn about these advanced topics:
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* Ownership and borrowing
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* Safety guarantees
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* Testing and error handling
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* Smart pointers and multi-threading
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* Advanced pattern matching
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* Using Cargo (the built-in package manager)
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* Using Rust's advanced compiler
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#### Table of Contents
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The table of contents is shown below.
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```
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Foreword by Nicholas Matsakis and Aaron Turon
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Acknowledgements
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Introduction
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Chapter 1: Getting Started
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Chapter 2: Guessing Game
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Chapter 3: Common Programming Concepts
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Chapter 4: Understanding Ownership
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Chapter 5: Structs
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Chapter 6: Enums and Pattern Matching
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Chapter 7: Modules
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Chapter 8: Common Collections
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Chapter 9: Error Handling
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Chapter 10: Generic Types, Traits, and Lifetimes
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Chapter 11: Testing
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Chapter 12: An Input/Output Project
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Chapter 13: Iterators and Closures
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Chapter 14: More About Cargo and Crates.io
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Chapter 15: Smart Pointers
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Chapter 16: Concurrency
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Chapter 17: Is Rust Object Oriented?
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Chapter 18: Patterns
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Chapter 19: More About Lifetimes
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Chapter 20: Advanced Type System Features
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Appendix A: Keywords
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Appendix B: Operators and Symbols
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Appendix C: Derivable Traits
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Appendix D: Macros
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Index
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```
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[The Rust Programming Language][7] takes you from basic installation and language syntax to complex topics, such as modules, error handling, crates (synonymous with a ‘library’ or ‘package’ in other languages), modules (allowing you to partition your code within the crate itself), lifetimes, etc.
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Probably the most important thing to say is that the book can move you from basic programming skills to building and compiling complex, secure and very useful programs.
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### Wrap-up
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If you're ready to get into some serious programming with a language that's well worth the time and effort to study and becoming increasingly popular, Rust is a good bet!
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Join the Network World communities on [Facebook][9] and [LinkedIn][10] to comment on topics that are top of mind.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3308162/linux/why-you-should-try-rust.html
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作者：[Sandra Henry-Stocker][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/
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[1]: https://insights.stackoverflow.com/survey/2016#technology-most-loved-dreaded-and-wanted
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[2]: https://insights.stackoverflow.com/survey/2017#technology-most-loved-dreaded-and-wanted-languages
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[3]: https://insights.stackoverflow.com/survey/2018#technology-most-loved-dreaded-and-wanted-languages
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[4]: https://www.rust-lang.org/en-US/community.html
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[5]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-system.html
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[6]: https://images.idgesg.net/images/article/2018/09/rust-programming-language_book-cover-100773679-small.jpg
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[7]: https://nostarch.com/Rust
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[8]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/2018-edition/index.html
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[9]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
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[10]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world
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为什么linux用户应该尝试Rust
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======
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Rust是一种相当年轻和现代的编程语言，因为具有许多功能，所以它非常灵活而且非常安全。 数据显示它正在变得非常受欢迎，连续三年在Stack Overflow开发者调查中获得“最受喜爱的编程语言”的第一名 - [2016] [1]，[2017] [2]和[2018] [3]。
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Rust也是开源语言的一种，它具有一系列特功能，使得它可以适应许多不同的编程项目。 它最初源于2006年Mozilla员工的个人项目，几年后（2009年）被Mozilla收集为特别项目，然后在2010年宣布供公众使用。
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Rust程序运行速度极快，可防止段错误，并保证线程安全。 这些属性使该语言极大地吸引了专注于应用程序安全性的开发人员。 Rust也是一种非常易读的语言，可用于从简单程序到非常大而复杂的项目。
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Rust 优点:
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* 内存安全—— Rust不会受到悬空指针，缓冲区溢出或其他与内存相关的错误的影响。 它提供内存安全，无回收垃圾。
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* 通用 - Rust是适用于任何类型编程的适当语言
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* 快速 - Rust在性能上与C / C ++相当，但具有更好的安全功能。
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* 高效 - Rust是为了便于并发编程而构建的。
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* 面向项目 - Rust具有内置的依赖关系和构建管理系统Cargo。
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* 得到很好的支持 - Rust有一个令人印象深刻的[支持社区] [4]。
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Rust还强制执行RAII（资源获取初始化）。 这意味着当一个对象超出范围时，将调用其析构函数并释放其资源，从而提供防止资源泄漏的屏蔽。 它提供了功能抽象和一个伟大的[类型系统] [5]以及速度和数学健全性。
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简而言之，Rust是一种令人印象深刻的系统编程语言，具有其他大多数语言所缺乏的功能，使其成为C，C++和Objective-C等多年来一直被使用的语言的有力竞争者。
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### 安装 Rust
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安装Rust是一个相当简单的过程。
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```
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$ curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
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```
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安装Rust后，使用rustc** --version **或** which **命令显示版本信息。
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```
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$ which rustc
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rustc 1.27.2 (58cc626de 2018-07-18)
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$ rustc --version
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rustc 1.27.2 (58cc626de 2018-07-18)
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```
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### Rust入门
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Rust即使是最简单的代码也与你之前使用过的语言的输入完全不同。
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```
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$ cat hello.rs
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fn main() {
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// Print a greeting
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println!("Hello, world!");
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}
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```
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在这些行中，我们正在设置一个函数（main），添加一个描述该函数的注释，并使用println语句来创建输出。 您可以使用下面显示的命令编译然后运行这样的程序。
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```
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$ rustc hello.rs
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$ ./hello
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Hello, world!
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```
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你可以创建一个“项目”（通常仅用于比这个更复杂的程序！）来保持代码的有序性。
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```
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$ mkdir ~/projects
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$ cd ~/projects
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$ mkdir hello_world
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$ cd hello_world
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```
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请注意，即使是简单的程序，一旦编译，就会变成相当大的可执行文件。
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```
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$ ./hello
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Hello, world!
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$ ls -l hello*
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-rwxrwxr-x 1 shs shs 5486784 Sep 23 19:02 hello <== executable
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-rw-rw-r-- 1 shs shs 68 Sep 23 15:25 hello.rs
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```
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当然，这只是一个开始且传统的“Hello, world!” 程序。 Rust语言具有一系列功能，可帮助你快速进入高级编程技能。
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### 学习 Rust
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![rust programming language book cover][6]
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No Starch Press
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Steve Klabnik和Carol Nichols（2018）的Rust Programming Language一书提供了学习Rust的最佳方法之一。 这本书由核心开发团队的两名成员撰写，可从[No Starch Press] [7]出版社获得纸制书或者从[rust-lang.org] [8]获得电子书。 它已经成为Rust开发者社区中的参考书。
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在所涉及的众多主题中，你将了解这些高级主题：
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* 所有权和borrowing
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* 安全保障
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* 测试和错误处理
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* 智能指针和多线程
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* 高级模式匹配
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* 使用Cargo（内置包管理器）
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* 使用Rust的高级编译器
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#### 目录
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```
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前言（Nicholas Matsakis和Aaron Turon编写）
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致谢
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介绍
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第1章：新手入门
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第2章：猜谜游戏
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第3章：通用编程概念
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第4章：了解所有权
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第五章：结构
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第6章：枚举和模式匹配
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第7章：模块
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第8章：常见集合
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第9章：错误处理
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第10章：通用类型，特征和生命周期
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第11章：测试
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第12章：输入/输出项目
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第13章：迭代器和闭包
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第14章：关于货物和Crates.io的更多信息
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第15章：智能指针
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第16章：并发
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第17章：Rust面向对象？
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第18章：模式
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第19章：关于生命周期的更多信息
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第20章：高级类型系统功能
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附录A：关键字
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附录B：运算符和符号
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附录C：可衍生的特征
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附录D：宏
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索引
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```
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[Rust编程语言] [7]将你从基本安装和语言语法带到复杂的主题，例如模块，错误处理，crates（与其他语言中的'library'或'package'同义），模块（允许你 将你的代码分配到包箱本身，生命周期等。
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可能最重要的是，本书可以让您从基本的编程技巧转向构建和编译复杂，安全且非常有用的程序。
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### 结束
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如果你已经准备好用一种非常值得花时间和精力学习并且越来越受欢迎的语言进行一些严肃的编程，那么Rust是一个不错的选择！
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加入[Facebook] [9]和[LinkedIn] [10]上的Network World社区，评论最重要的话题。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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||||
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||||
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3308162/linux/why-you-should-try-rust.html
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作者：[Sandra Henry-Stocker][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[way-ww](https://github.com/way-ww)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/
|
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[1]: https://insights.stackoverflow.com/survey/2016#technology-most-loved-dreaded-and-wanted
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[2]: https://insights.stackoverflow.com/survey/2017#technology-most-loved-dreaded-and-wanted-languages
|
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[3]: https://insights.stackoverflow.com/survey/2018#technology-most-loved-dreaded-and-wanted-languages
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[4]: https://www.rust-lang.org/en-US/community.html
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[5]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-system.html
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[6]: https://images.idgesg.net/images/article/2018/09/rust-programming-language_book-cover-100773679-small.jpg
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[7]: https://nostarch.com/Rust
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[8]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/2018-edition/index.html
|
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[9]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
|
||||
[10]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world
|
||||
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