fuowang 翻译完成

This commit is contained in:
fuowang 2016-12-01 22:19:10 +08:00
parent bfc7a1192e
commit aa1ab2016a
2 changed files with 153 additions and 157 deletions

View File

@ -1,157 +0,0 @@
fuowang翻译中
WattOS: A Rock-Solid, Lightning-Fast, Lightweight Linux Distro For All
=============================
![WattOS](https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/wattos-main.png?itok=b7-Z7GK1)
Jack Wallen takes a look at what makes lightweight WattOS special.
[Used with permission][81]
Everyone in the land of Linux has either heard of or made use of a lightweight Linux distribution. We all know the drill: small footprint, low resource requirement, includes a lightweight desktop environment (or window manager), and offers the same general layout as the next distribution, staking the same claims.
And most often they do their jobs. One problem that strikes down many of these lightweight Linux distros is that they dont really include the tools the average user needs to get their work done. To that end, they wind up relegated to specialty tasks (like data recovery, kiosks, etc.).
To some extent, WattOS suffers from these same pitfalls (the only productivity tool it includes is a PDF viewer, and it uses the standard “task bar/start menu” metaphor for the desktop). Fortunately, however, WattOS makes up for those shortcomings by way of incredible speed, reliability, and the inclusion of the Synaptic Package Manager; so, WattOS could easily become a lightweight Linux distribution for everyone.
Lets take a look at what makes WattOS special.
### The kernel
I was actually surprised to find WattOS to ship with kernel 4.4\. After an immediate upgrade, the uname -r command returned 4.4.0-38-generic. Considering this is a distribution targeted at bringing life to older, slower machines, the inclusion of the same kernel found on my Elementary OS Loki release was a pleasant surprise. This means WattOS should do a great job of working with both older and newer hardware.
Not so surprising is the fact that, when you go to the WattOS, youll find downloads for both the 32- and 64-bit versions (most modern distros are leaning away from 32-bit releases now). So, not only does the kernel offer support for modern hardware, but the architecture releases will allow you to give life to those older 32-bit machines.
### The speed
Once Id installed WattOS, I had one of those moments of purest envy. The speed at which WattOS runs is incredible. Even when working with the platform as a VirtualBox guest, the speed of the WattOS desktop blew away my Elementary OS Loki desktop. Understand that the machine running the host is a [System76 Leopard][80], with a liquid cooled i7 and 16GB of RAM. Handing over approximately 2GB of RAM to WattOS made it feel like absolutely nothing could slow it down. The impressiveness of the speed is almost too much to describe...it has to be experienced. Ive never witnessed Firefox open so quickly.
Speaking of app launching...LibreOffice. I wanted to test the speed at which LibreOffice would open, so I fired up the Synaptic Package Manager and attempted an install of the flagship, open source office suite.
To no avail.
The issue with installing LibreOffice centered on an uninstallable python3-uno package, and no matter what I tried, I couldnt get it installed. However, after downloading the latest .deb release from the [LibreOffice site][79], I could unpack that download file, cd into LibreOffice_5.2.2.2_Linux_x86-64_deb/DEBS/ and then issue the command sudo dpkg -i *.deb to finally get LibreOffice installed.
How did LibreOffice run? Insanely fast. Once again, Ive never seen this app open as quickly as on WattOS. Upon clicking the LibreOffice Writer icon, the app launched in half the time as it did on the host Elementary OS Loki (and that already is quite fast).
### The desktop
My personal preference of desktops tends to veer toward the more modern iterations. Im a fan of Ubuntu Unity, GNOME 3, and (especially) [Elementary OS][78]. So the idea of using an old-school desktop metaphor has very little appeal to me. Even so, WattOS has done a great job of breathing a bit of modernity into the old school design. Take, for instance, the default desktop theme (Figure 1). The WattOS UI designers have done a decent job of theming the desktop so it doesnt completely fall too far into the well of Windows XP or old-school Linux CDE-like window managers.
![WattOS](https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/wattos_a.png?itok=eavmkVgL)
>Figure 1: The WattOS file manage revealing a somewhat modern theme. [Used with permission][76]
Theres really little to say about the WattOS desktop (powered by [LXDE][75]) that hasnt already been said about every Linux desktop of this ilk—its simple, straightforward, offers just enough flexibility and customization, and will be familiar to anyone who has used a computer since Windows 95.
### Surprises, good and bad
As with every new Linux desktop experience, there are always surprises of both the good and bad nature. First, the good.
Beyond the sheer speed of WattOS (and again Ill comment on this with a simple...WOW!), there are a few little nice surprises tacked onto the desktop (most in the way of included applications). One of the best additions (one you rarely find included in a desktop by default) is [KeePassX][74]. Ive come to the conclusion that password managers should be included on every desktop by default...and kudos to WattOS for including this outstanding tool.
Next comes the inclusion of Firefox. Many of the lightweight distributions will include browsers like [Surf][73] or [Midori][72]. Both are fine browsers, but they often fall short when it comes to websites like Google Docs. Because WattOS includes the full-blown Firefox, you will find the platform functions perfectly with any Firefox-compatible website.
Lastly, the less-than-good surprises. As Ive already stated, I ran into an immediate hitch with installing LibreOffice. Installing the likes of GIMP went smoothly, however (so I concluded that was a one-off issue). Beyond that one problem, I believe the default desktop menu to be somewhat poorly laid out. For instance, the Synaptic Package Manager is found in the Preferences menu. Id much rather see that listed prominently in the main menu and labeled something like “Install Applications” (or anything that a new user wouldnt have trouble understanding). From my perspective, the Preferences menu should be dedicated to tools used to configure the various aspects of the platform...not installing applications.
Beyond that, youd be hard-pressed to find anything wrong with WattOS—especially considering youre looking at a Linux distribution geared toward older and lesser-powered hardware.
### The conclusion
Although WattOS is designed to give life to older hardware, theres no reason why it couldnt serve on a modern desktop...and serve it well. With a next-to-zero learning curve, WattOS is instantly familiar, blazingly fast, and rock solid. Give this small footprint Linux distro a try; Im confident youll be equally impressed. And if you find WattOS not fast enough (something I cannot imagine happening), you can always give [Microwatt][71] a go (an even lighter, lightweight distribution).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.linux.com/learn/wattos-rock-solid-lightning-fast-lightweight-linux-distro-all
作者:[JACK WALLEN][a]
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.linux.com/users/jlwallen
[1]:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCOfXyFkINXf_e9XNosTJZDw
[2]:https://www.youtube.com/user/desainew
[3]:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEQXp_fcqwPcqrzNtWJ1w9w
[4]:http://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Ffreedompenguin.com%2Farticles%2Fopinion%2Fopen-source-design-thing%2F
[5]:http://twitter.com/intent/tweet/?text=Is+Open+Source+Design+a+Thing%3F&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffreedompenguin.com%2Farticles%2Fopinion%2Fopen-source-design-thing%2F
[6]:https://plus.google.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffreedompenguin.com%2Farticles%2Fopinion%2Fopen-source-design-thing%2F
[7]:https://atom.io/
[8]:http://froont.com/
[9]:https://webflow.com/
[10]:https://gravit.io/
[11]:http://getbootstrap.com/
[12]:https://inkscape.org/en/
[13]:https://www.gimp.org/
[14]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software
[15]:https://medium.com/dawn-capital/why-leverage-the-power-of-open-source-to-build-a-successful-software-business-8aba6f665bc4#.ggmn2ojxp
[16]:https://github.com/majutsushi/tagbar
[17]:http://ctags.sourceforge.net/
[18]:https://github.com/majutsushi/tagbar/zipball/70fix
[19]:https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tpope/vim-pathogen/master/autoload/pathogen.vim
[20]:http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=2332
[21]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/vim-editor-plugins-for-software-developers-2-syntastic/
[22]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/vim-editor-plugins-for-software-developers/big/vimplugins-delimitmate-help.png
[23]:https://github.com/Raimondi/delimitMate
[24]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/vim-editor-plugins-for-software-developers/big/vimplugins-tagbar-visibility.png
[25]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/vim-editor-plugins-for-software-developers/big/vimplugins-tagbar-ex2.png
[26]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/vim-editor-plugins-for-software-developers/big/vimplugins-tagbar-example.png
[27]:http://www.tldp.org/LDP/intro-linux/html/sect_06_02.html
[28]:http://majutsushi.github.io/tagbar/
[29]:http://vi.stackexchange.com/questions/388/what-is-the-difference-between-the-vim-plugin-managers
[30]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/vim-editor-plugins-for-software-developers/big/vimplugins-vimrc.png
[31]:http://www.vim.org/
[32]:https://github.com/scrooloose/syntastic
[33]:https://github.com/scrooloose/syntastic/blob/master/doc/syntastic.txt
[34]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/3337/big/syntastic-error-all-descr.png
[35]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/3337/big/syntastic-error-descr.png
[36]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/3337/big/syntastic-error-highlight.png
[37]:https://github.com/scrooloose/syntastic
[38]:http://www.vim.org/
[39]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/vim-editor-plugins-for-software-developers/
[40]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trim_%28computing%29
[41]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudo
[42]:http://snapcraft.io/
[43]:http://flatpak.org/
[44]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_%28software%29
[45]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_CD
[46]:http://distrowatch.com/
[47]:http://www.internetnews.com/skerner/2009/10/white-house-goes-open-source-w.html
[48]:https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2016/10/13/removing-barriers-constituent-conversations
[49]:http://planetwatt.com/new/index.php/2016/09/23/microwatt-r10-released/
[50]:http://midori-browser.org/
[51]:http://surf.suckless.org/
[52]:https://www.keepassx.org/
[53]:http://lxde.org/
[54]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission
[55]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/wattosapng
[56]:https://elementary.io/
[57]:https://www.libreoffice.org/
[58]:https://system76.com/desktops/leopard
[59]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission
[60]:http://planetwatt.com/new/index.php/2016/09/23/microwatt-r10-released/
[61]:http://midori-browser.org/
[62]:http://surf.suckless.org/
[63]:https://www.keepassx.org/
[64]:http://lxde.org/
[65]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission
[66]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/wattosapng
[67]:https://elementary.io/
[68]:https://www.libreoffice.org/
[69]:https://system76.com/desktops/leopard
[70]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission
[71]:http://planetwatt.com/new/index.php/2016/09/23/microwatt-r10-released/
[72]:http://midori-browser.org/
[73]:http://surf.suckless.org/
[74]:https://www.keepassx.org/
[75]:http://lxde.org/
[76]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission
[77]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/wattosapng
[78]:https://elementary.io/
[79]:https://www.libreoffice.org/
[80]:https://system76.com/desktops/leopard
[81]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission]

View File

@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
WattOS一个稳如磐石、快如闪电、面向所有人的轻量级Linux发行版
=============================
![WattOS](https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/wattos-main.png?itok=b7-Z7GK1)
Jack Wallen 将介绍一下是什么让 WattOS 这么特别。 [使用许可][81]
Linux 领域里的每个人不是听说过就是使用过某个轻量级的 Linux 发行版。大家都知道我们不断追求的是:占用内存少,配置资源要求低,包含一个轻量级的桌面环境(或者窗口管理器),并且提供和其他发行版相似的桌面布局,把赌注押在相同的需求之上。
这种发行版大多用来工作。有一个可以击垮很多轻量级 Linux 发行版的问题,它们没有真正含有一般用户完成工作需要的工具。为此,他们不再用来完成工作,沦落为用来完成特殊任务(像数据恢复、做信息亭等)。
在某种程度上WattOS 陷入了同样的困境(它唯一含有的生产力工具是 PDF 阅读器,而且它使用标准的“任务栏/开始菜单”象征桌面。然而幸运的是WattOS 通过难以置信的运行速度、稳定性以及内置新立得包管理器弥补了这些缺点所以WattOS 可以很容易的成为一个适合所有人的轻量级 Linux 发行版。
到底是什么让 WattOS 如此特别,让我们一起一探究竟。
### 内核
事实上当我发现 WattOS 基于 kernel 4.4 内核时我非常吃惊。升级系统之后,执行 uname -r 命令可以看到 4.4.0-38-generic。鉴于这个发行版的目的是让老旧和运行卡顿的机器重获新生它和我的 Elementary OS Loki 发行版内置相同版本的内核真是一个可爱的惊喜。这意味着 WattOS 在新旧硬件上都会有良好的工作表现。
真正的惊喜不止于此,当你去 WattOS 的网站你会同时发现32位和64位版本的下载地址现在大多数新的发行版都倾向于放弃32位发行版本。所以不仅系统内核对新式硬件提供支持而且系统发行版本的多种架构也能让那些老式的32位机器重获新生。
### 运行速度
当安装上 WattOS 的时候有那么一刻我对它有纯粹的羡慕。WattOS 的运行速度快的令人难以置信。甚至当它的桌面版作为客户机在 VirtualBox 虚拟机平台工作时,运行速度依然远远超过了我的 Elementary OS Loki 桌面发行版。后来我才了解到当时运行的宿主机是 [System76 Leopard][80],配置有水冷装置的 i7 处理器和 16GB 的运行内存。分配给 WattOS 大约 2G 的运行内存好像没有任何任务能让它的运行速度慢下来。WattOS 的运行速度壮观的令人难以诉说,它越来越成熟了。我从没见过火狐浏览器能打开的这么快。
接下来说说 LibreOffice 应用的启动。由于想测试 LibreOffice 的启动速度,所以我打开了新立得软件包管理器,计划安装这一开源办公软件套件的佼佼者。
无果。
安装LibreOffice 的主要问题是缺少一个依赖软件包 python3-uno而且无论怎么尝试都无法安装成功。然而最后我在 [LibreOffice 官方网站][79] 上下载了 deb 格式的软件包。把下载的文件解压之后cd 到 LibreOffice_5.2.2.2_Linux_x86-64_deb/DEBS/ 目录下最后通过执行sudo dpkg -i *.deb 命令成功的安装了LibreOffice。
LibreOffice 运行的怎么样呢?速度快到要疯了。值得再提的是,我从没见过这个应用能像在 WattOS 上运行的这么快。点击 LibreOffice Writer 的图标,它花费的时间是在 Elementary OS Loki (已经很快了)主机上花费的一半。
### 桌面
我个人偏爱于桌面向更加现代化的趋势进行迭代。我是 Ubuntu 的 Unity 桌面GNOME 3 桌面,以及(特别是) [Elementary OS][78] 的粉丝。所以使用古老风格桌面的主意意味着对我几乎没有吸引力。即便如此WattOS 在把现代设计风格融入老式设计时做的非常好。举例来说,默认的桌面主题(图 1。WattOS 的 UI 设计者巧妙设计了桌面主题,所以它没有完全偏离 Windows XP 或者 老式 Linux CDE 风格的窗口管理器的设计理念。
![WattOS](https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/wattos_a.png?itok=eavmkVgL)
>图 1WattOS 的文件管理器展示了有些现代化的主题 [使用许可][76]
关于 WattOS 的桌面(基于 [LXDE][75])的确有一些要说的但以前从来没说过,就是每个拥有像简洁、直接,有足够灵活度和自定义度这些特点的 Linux 桌面版,对每个使用过 Windows 95 的电脑使用者来说都会很熟悉。
### 惊喜之处,优点和缺点
正像每个新的 Linux 桌面版的体验那样WattOS有让人惊喜的地方同时也有优点和缺点。首先说说优点。
WattOS 除了绝对的速度(用一个简单的 “WOW” 来评论),还在桌面上固定了一些特别的惊喜(大多数都是预置的应用)。额外的软件中最好的是 [KeePassX][74](一个默认在桌面的应用)。我得出了密码管理器应该默认安装在每一个电脑桌面上的结论,值得骄傲的是 WattOS 预装了这个杰出的工具。
下一个讨论的是预装火狐浏览器。许多轻量级的发行版会预装像 [Surf][73] 或者 [Midori][72] 这样的浏览器。这两个浏览器都不错,但是它们的兼容性经常达不到像谷歌文档这样网站的要求。因为 WattOS 含有成熟的火狐浏览器,在和火狐浏览器兼容的网页上你会发现网站平台的功能实现的很完美。
最后,算不上好的意外。正如我已经提到的,在安装 LibreOffice 时马上就有了故障。然而安装像 GIMP 这样的软件就很顺利(所以我认为这是偶然问题)。除了这一个问题,我坚信默认桌面菜单有些混乱。例如,新立得软件包管理器放在个性化菜单里。我更愿在主菜单中突出显示项中看到它,并且加上类似“软件安装”(或任何其他新用户容易理解)的标签。从我的视角来说,个性化菜单项应该用于放置配置平台各种风格的工具,而不是安装软件的工具。
除此之外,若想在 WattOS 主攻方向上的找茬,比如这 Linux 发行版面对老旧硬件时,你会发现这非常困难。
### 结论
尽管 WattOS 主要为老旧硬件设计,但你完全可以把它运行在现代桌面电脑上,并且会运行的很好。根据零学习曲线,你很快就会熟悉 WattOS并发现它运行极快而且稳定。试试这个小排量的 Linux 发行版吧,相信它会给你同样深刻的印象。如果你发现 WattOS 运行的不够快(发生了一些我没有预料到的事),你完全可以去使用 [Microwatt][71](一个更轻的轻量级发行版)。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.linux.com/learn/wattos-rock-solid-lightning-fast-lightweight-linux-distro-all
作者:[JACK WALLEN][a]
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/fuowang)
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.linux.com/users/jlwallen
[1]:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCOfXyFkINXf_e9XNosTJZDw
[2]:https://www.youtube.com/user/desainew
[3]:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEQXp_fcqwPcqrzNtWJ1w9w
[4]:http://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Ffreedompenguin.com%2Farticles%2Fopinion%2Fopen-source-design-thing%2F
[5]:http://twitter.com/intent/tweet/?text=Is+Open+Source+Design+a+Thing%3F&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffreedompenguin.com%2Farticles%2Fopinion%2Fopen-source-design-thing%2F
[6]:https://plus.google.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffreedompenguin.com%2Farticles%2Fopinion%2Fopen-source-design-thing%2F
[7]:https://atom.io/
[8]:http://froont.com/
[9]:https://webflow.com/
[10]:https://gravit.io/
[11]:http://getbootstrap.com/
[12]:https://inkscape.org/en/
[13]:https://www.gimp.org/
[14]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software
[15]:https://medium.com/dawn-capital/why-leverage-the-power-of-open-source-to-build-a-successful-software-business-8aba6f665bc4#.ggmn2ojxp
[16]:https://github.com/majutsushi/tagbar
[17]:http://ctags.sourceforge.net/
[18]:https://github.com/majutsushi/tagbar/zipball/70fix
[19]:https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tpope/vim-pathogen/master/autoload/pathogen.vim
[20]:http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=2332
[21]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/vim-editor-plugins-for-software-developers-2-syntastic/
[22]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/vim-editor-plugins-for-software-developers/big/vimplugins-delimitmate-help.png
[23]:https://github.com/Raimondi/delimitMate
[24]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/vim-editor-plugins-for-software-developers/big/vimplugins-tagbar-visibility.png
[25]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/vim-editor-plugins-for-software-developers/big/vimplugins-tagbar-ex2.png
[26]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/vim-editor-plugins-for-software-developers/big/vimplugins-tagbar-example.png
[27]:http://www.tldp.org/LDP/intro-linux/html/sect_06_02.html
[28]:http://majutsushi.github.io/tagbar/
[29]:http://vi.stackexchange.com/questions/388/what-is-the-difference-between-the-vim-plugin-managers
[30]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/vim-editor-plugins-for-software-developers/big/vimplugins-vimrc.png
[31]:http://www.vim.org/
[32]:https://github.com/scrooloose/syntastic
[33]:https://github.com/scrooloose/syntastic/blob/master/doc/syntastic.txt
[34]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/3337/big/syntastic-error-all-descr.png
[35]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/3337/big/syntastic-error-descr.png
[36]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/3337/big/syntastic-error-highlight.png
[37]:https://github.com/scrooloose/syntastic
[38]:http://www.vim.org/
[39]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/vim-editor-plugins-for-software-developers/
[40]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trim_%28computing%29
[41]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudo
[42]:http://snapcraft.io/
[43]:http://flatpak.org/
[44]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_%28software%29
[45]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_CD
[46]:http://distrowatch.com/
[47]:http://www.internetnews.com/skerner/2009/10/white-house-goes-open-source-w.html
[48]:https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2016/10/13/removing-barriers-constituent-conversations
[49]:http://planetwatt.com/new/index.php/2016/09/23/microwatt-r10-released/
[50]:http://midori-browser.org/
[51]:http://surf.suckless.org/
[52]:https://www.keepassx.org/
[53]:http://lxde.org/
[54]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission
[55]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/wattosapng
[56]:https://elementary.io/
[57]:https://www.libreoffice.org/
[58]:https://system76.com/desktops/leopard
[59]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission
[60]:http://planetwatt.com/new/index.php/2016/09/23/microwatt-r10-released/
[61]:http://midori-browser.org/
[62]:http://surf.suckless.org/
[63]:https://www.keepassx.org/
[64]:http://lxde.org/
[65]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission
[66]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/wattosapng
[67]:https://elementary.io/
[68]:https://www.libreoffice.org/
[69]:https://system76.com/desktops/leopard
[70]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission
[71]:http://planetwatt.com/new/index.php/2016/09/23/microwatt-r10-released/
[72]:http://midori-browser.org/
[73]:http://surf.suckless.org/
[74]:https://www.keepassx.org/
[75]:http://lxde.org/
[76]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission
[77]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/wattosapng
[78]:https://elementary.io/
[79]:https://www.libreoffice.org/
[80]:https://system76.com/desktops/leopard
[81]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission