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ps_mem ——一个用于精确生成 Linux 核心内存使用报告的简单 Python 脚本
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============================================================
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[ps_mem][2] 是一个可以帮助我们精确获取 Linux 中各程序核心内存使用情况的简单 python 脚本。虽然在 Linux 上有很多可用于查看内存使用情况的工具，比如 free、vmstat、smem、top等，但这个工具和其它的区别在于其精确显示核心内存使用情况。
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它分别计算一个程序私有内存总量和共享内存总量，并以更准确的方式给出了总的内存使用量。很明显的，它将帮助大伙知道系统中哪个程序正占用更多的内存。
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你可以通过包管理器、pip 、或直接运行 ps_mem.py 脚本等多种方式来安装 ps_mem工具。需要注意的是：需要有root 权限。
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另外，推荐阅读以下内存工具：
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推荐阅读： [free – A Standard Command to Check Memory Usage Statistics (Free & Used) in Linux][3]
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推荐阅读： [smem – Linux Memory Reporting/Statistics Tool][4]
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推荐阅读： [vmstat – A Standard Nifty Tool to Report Virtual Memory Statistics][5]
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#### 通过包管理器安装 ps_mem
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基于 RHEL 的系统默认仓库就包含 ps_mem 工具，所以我们可以简单地通过包管理器进行安装。
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对于 RHEL/CentOS ，使用 [yum 包管理器][6] 安装 ps_mem 包：
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```
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$ sudo yum install ps_mem
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```
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对于Fedora ，使用 [dnf 包管理器][7] 安装 ps_mem 包：
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```
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$ sudo dnf install ps_mem
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```
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对于 Arch Linux ，使用 [pacman 包管理器][8] 安装 ps_mem 包：
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```
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$ sudo pacman -S ps_mem
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```
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#### 通过 pip 安装 ps_mem
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pip 是在 Linux 上推荐使用的一种安装 Python 包的工具。使用 pip 命令而不是包管理器去获取最新的版本。使用 pip 包前，请确保你的系统上已安装过 pip 包。否则，先使用发行版本的包管理器安装 `python-pip` 包。
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对于基于 Debian 的系统：
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```
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$ sudo apt-get install python-pip
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```
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对于基于 RHEL/CentOS 的系统：
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```
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$ sudo yum install python-pip
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```
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对于 Fedora
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```
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$ sudo dnf install python-pip
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```
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对于 openSUSE
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```
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$ sudo zypper install python-pip
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```
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对于基于 Arch Linux 的系统：
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```
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$ sudo pacman -S python-pip
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```
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最后，在 Linux 上运行 pip 工具安装ps_mem ：
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```
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$ sudo pip install ps_mem
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```
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#### 直接运行 ps_mem.py 脚本
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我们也可以从开发者 github 页面下载文件，并直接运行 `ps_mem.py` 脚本。
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```
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$ git clone https://github.com/pixelb/ps_mem.git && cd ps_mem
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$ sudo python ps_mem.py
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```
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#### ps_mem 使用方法
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不带任何参数直接运行 `ps_mem` 以精确获取每个程序的的核心内存使用情况。
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```
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$ sudo ps_mem
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Private + Shared = RAM used Program
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1.6 MiB + 438.5 KiB = 2.1 MiB packagekitd
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1.7 MiB + 498.0 KiB = 2.1 MiB indicator-application-service
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912.0 KiB + 1.3 MiB = 2.2 MiB window-stack-bridge
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2.0 MiB + 350.5 KiB = 2.3 MiB gnome-keyring-daemon
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1.8 MiB + 575.0 KiB = 2.3 MiB whoopsie
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2.4 MiB + 304.5 KiB = 2.7 MiB systemd-journald
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2.7 MiB + 157.5 KiB = 2.8 MiB ibus-engine-simple
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2.7 MiB + 182.0 KiB = 2.9 MiB ibus-dconf
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2.7 MiB + 332.5 KiB = 3.0 MiB NetworkManager
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3.1 MiB + 169.5 KiB = 3.2 MiB polkitd
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1.9 MiB + 1.7 MiB = 3.6 MiB systemd (2)
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3.4 MiB + 172.5 KiB = 3.6 MiB deja-dup-monitor
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2.9 MiB + 685.0 KiB = 3.6 MiB zeitgeist-datahub
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2.9 MiB + 848.0 KiB = 3.7 MiB python2.7
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3.5 MiB + 442.0 KiB = 4.0 MiB dbus-daemon (3)
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3.2 MiB + 951.0 KiB = 4.1 MiB evolution-addressbook-factory
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3.9 MiB + 435.0 KiB = 4.3 MiB lightdm (2)
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3.7 MiB + 826.5 KiB = 4.5 MiB polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1
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3.7 MiB + 853.0 KiB = 4.6 MiB unity-fallback-mount-helper
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3.7 MiB + 884.0 KiB = 4.6 MiB ibus-x11
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4.1 MiB + 590.5 KiB = 4.6 MiB indicator-sound-service
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4.5 MiB + 167.0 KiB = 4.7 MiB udisksd
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4.3 MiB + 571.0 KiB = 4.9 MiB gnome-session-binary
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4.5 MiB + 519.0 KiB = 5.0 MiB zeitgeist-fts
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4.2 MiB + 900.5 KiB = 5.1 MiB indicator-printers-service
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4.1 MiB + 1.0 MiB = 5.1 MiB bash (2)
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3.9 MiB + 1.2 MiB = 5.2 MiB update-notifier
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4.8 MiB + 426.0 KiB = 5.2 MiB pulseaudio
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4.5 MiB + 1.5 MiB = 6.0 MiB url-dispatcher
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4.3 MiB + 1.7 MiB = 6.0 MiB python3.5
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5.2 MiB + 856.5 KiB = 6.1 MiB evolution-addressbook-factory-subprocess
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5.6 MiB + 494.5 KiB = 6.1 MiB colord
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5.0 MiB + 1.2 MiB = 6.2 MiB bamfdaemon
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5.7 MiB + 1.1 MiB = 6.8 MiB evolution-source-registry
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5.6 MiB + 1.3 MiB = 6.9 MiB indicator-keyboard-service
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5.5 MiB + 1.5 MiB = 7.1 MiB ibus-ui-gtk3
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5.4 MiB + 1.8 MiB = 7.2 MiB notify-osd
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6.3 MiB + 1.1 MiB = 7.4 MiB nm-applet
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6.4 MiB + 1.4 MiB = 7.8 MiB evolution-calendar-factory
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6.3 MiB + 1.5 MiB = 7.8 MiB hud-service
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6.5 MiB + 1.5 MiB = 8.0 MiB unity-panel-service
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8.2 MiB + 1.8 MiB = 10.0 MiB unity-settings-daemon
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11.1 MiB + 126.5 KiB = 11.2 MiB snapd
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8.2 MiB + 3.0 MiB = 11.2 MiB indicator-datetime-service
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10.3 MiB + 1.7 MiB = 12.0 MiB evolution-calendar-factory-subprocess (2)
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12.5 MiB + 2.8 MiB = 15.3 MiB redshift-gtk
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14.5 MiB + 1.8 MiB = 16.3 MiB fluxgui
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13.5 MiB + 2.9 MiB = 16.4 MiB gnome-terminal-server
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12.7 MiB + 7.6 MiB = 20.4 MiB apache2 (6)
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20.8 MiB + 503.0 KiB = 21.3 MiB fwupd
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22.8 MiB + 70.0 KiB = 22.9 MiB collectl
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22.2 MiB + 10.8 MiB = 33.0 MiB nautilus
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70.9 MiB + 1.5 MiB = 72.4 MiB gnome-software
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97.9 MiB + 24.8 MiB = 122.8 MiB Xorg
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131.9 MiB + 168.0 KiB = 132.1 MiB mysqld
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222.1 MiB + 9.4 MiB = 231.5 MiB compiz
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286.2 MiB + 11.8 MiB = 298.0 MiB firefox
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---------------------------------
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1.3 GiB
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=================================
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```
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输出上打印出全路径：
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```
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$ sudo ps_mem -s
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Private + Shared = RAM used Program
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3.2 MiB + 951.0 KiB = 4.1 MiB /usr/lib/evolution/evolution-addressbook-factory
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3.7 MiB + 826.5 KiB = 4.5 MiB /usr/lib/policykit-1-gnome/polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1
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3.7 MiB + 853.0 KiB = 4.6 MiB /usr/lib/unity-settings-daemon/unity-fallback-mount-helper
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3.7 MiB + 884.0 KiB = 4.6 MiB /usr/lib/ibus/ibus-x11 --kill-daemon
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4.1 MiB + 590.5 KiB = 4.6 MiB /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/indicator-sound/indicator-sound-service
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4.5 MiB + 167.0 KiB = 4.7 MiB /usr/lib/udisks2/udisksd --no-debug
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4.3 MiB + 571.0 KiB = 4.9 MiB /usr/lib/gnome-session/gnome-session-binary --session=ubuntu
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4.5 MiB + 519.0 KiB = 5.0 MiB /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/zeitgeist-fts
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4.2 MiB + 900.5 KiB = 5.1 MiB /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/indicator-printers/indicator-printers-service
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4.1 MiB + 1.0 MiB = 5.1 MiB bash (2)
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3.9 MiB + 1.2 MiB = 5.2 MiB update-notifier
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4.8 MiB + 426.0 KiB = 5.2 MiB /usr/bin/pulseaudio --start --log-target=syslog
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5.0 MiB + 863.0 KiB = 5.9 MiB /usr/lib/evolution/evolution-calendar-factory-subprocess --factory local --bus-name org.gnome.evolution.dataserver.Subprocess.Backend.Calendarx2573x3 --own-path /org/gnome/evolution/dataserver/Subprocess/Backend/Calendar/2573/3
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4.5 MiB + 1.5 MiB = 6.0 MiB /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/url-dispatcher/url-dispatcher
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4.3 MiB + 1.7 MiB = 6.0 MiB python3 -v
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5.2 MiB + 856.5 KiB = 6.1 MiB /usr/lib/evolution/evolution-addressbook-factory-subprocess --factory local --bus-name org.gnome.evolution.dataserver.Subprocess.Backend.AddressBookx2637x2 --own-path /org/gnome/evolution/dataserver/Subprocess/Backend/AddressBook/2637/2
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5.6 MiB + 494.5 KiB = 6.1 MiB /usr/lib/colord/colord
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5.2 MiB + 913.0 KiB = 6.1 MiB /usr/lib/evolution/evolution-calendar-factory-subprocess --factory contacts --bus-name org.gnome.evolution.dataserver.Subprocess.Backend.Calendarx2573x2 --own-path /org/gnome/evolution/dataserver/Subprocess/Backend/Calendar/2573/2
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5.0 MiB + 1.2 MiB = 6.2 MiB /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/bamf/bamfdaemon
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5.7 MiB + 1.1 MiB = 6.8 MiB /usr/lib/evolution/evolution-source-registry
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5.6 MiB + 1.3 MiB = 6.9 MiB /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/indicator-keyboard/indicator-keyboard-service --use-gtk
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5.5 MiB + 1.5 MiB = 7.1 MiB /usr/lib/ibus/ibus-ui-gtk3
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5.4 MiB + 1.8 MiB = 7.2 MiB /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/notify-osd
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6.3 MiB + 1.1 MiB = 7.4 MiB nm-applet
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6.4 MiB + 1.4 MiB = 7.8 MiB /usr/lib/evolution/evolution-calendar-factory
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6.3 MiB + 1.5 MiB = 7.8 MiB /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/hud/hud-service
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6.5 MiB + 1.5 MiB = 8.0 MiB /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/unity/unity-panel-service
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8.2 MiB + 1.8 MiB = 10.0 MiB /usr/lib/unity-settings-daemon/unity-settings-daemon
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11.1 MiB + 126.5 KiB = 11.2 MiB /usr/lib/snapd/snapd
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8.2 MiB + 3.0 MiB = 11.2 MiB /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/indicator-datetime/indicator-datetime-service
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12.5 MiB + 2.8 MiB = 15.3 MiB /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/redshift-gtk
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14.5 MiB + 1.8 MiB = 16.3 MiB /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/fluxgui
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13.6 MiB + 2.9 MiB = 16.4 MiB /usr/lib/gnome-terminal/gnome-terminal-server
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12.7 MiB + 7.6 MiB = 20.4 MiB /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start (6)
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20.8 MiB + 503.0 KiB = 21.3 MiB /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/fwupd/fwupd
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22.8 MiB + 70.0 KiB = 22.9 MiB /usr/bin/perl -w /usr/bin/collectl -D
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22.2 MiB + 10.8 MiB = 33.0 MiB nautilus -n
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70.9 MiB + 1.5 MiB = 72.4 MiB /usr/bin/gnome-software --gapplication-service
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97.9 MiB + 24.8 MiB = 122.8 MiB /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg -core :0 -seat seat0 -auth /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 -nolisten tcp vt7 -novtswitch
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131.9 MiB + 168.0 KiB = 132.1 MiB /usr/sbin/mysqld
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222.1 MiB + 9.4 MiB = 231.5 MiB /usr/bin/compiz
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286.2 MiB + 11.8 MiB = 298.1 MiB /usr/lib/firefox/firefox
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---------------------------------
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1.3 GiB
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=================================
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```
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只显示特定的 PID 列表的内存使用情况：
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```
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$ sudo ps_mem -p 2886,4386
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Private + Shared = RAM used Program
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13.5 MiB + 2.9 MiB = 16.4 MiB gnome-terminal-server
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286.2 MiB + 11.8 MiB = 298.0 MiB firefox
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---------------------------------
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314.4 MiB
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=================================
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```
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每 N 秒打印进程内存。以下命令每2秒报告一次内存使用情况：
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```
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$ sudo ps_mem w 2
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```
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只显示内存总量：
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```
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$ sudo ps_mem -t
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1329884160
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```
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.2daygeek.com/ps_mem-report-core-memory-usage-accurately-in-linux/
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作者：[ 2DAYGEEK ][a]
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译者：xllc(https://github.com/xllc)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.2daygeek.com/author/2daygeek/
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[1]:http://www.2daygeek.com/author/2daygeek/
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[2]:https://github.com/pixelb/ps_mem
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[3]:http://www.2daygeek.com/free-command-to-check-memory-usage-statistics-in-linux/
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[4]:http://www.2daygeek.com/smem-linux-memory-usage-statistics-reporting-tool/
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[5]:http://www.2daygeek.com/linux-vmstat-command-examples-tool-report-virtual-memory-statistics/
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[6]:http://www.2daygeek.com/yum-command-examples/
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[7]:http://www.2daygeek.com/dnf-command-examples/
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[8]:http://www.2daygeek.com/pacman-command-examples/
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