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Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets
================================================================================
![](http://www.linuxinsider.com/images/rw509807/command-line.jpg)
> "Command-line secrets? There aren't any such things," said blogger Robert Pogson. "Desperate newbie? Type 'help.' Still need a hint? Type 'man whatever.' Want more diversity? Type 'ls /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin | less,' pick out a few gems and type 'man whatever' all night long. I've been at it more than a decade. Still having fun." Of course, "one can be addicted to the point of destruction."
**W**ell it was a relatively quiet week here in the Linux blogosphere, giving residents a long-overdue opportunity to catch their collective breath, enjoy a few Tequila Tux cocktails and take stock of all the FOSS-related happenings that have taken place over the past few weeks.
Among the highlights, for those who missed them, were [the awarding][1] of the [IEEE][2] Computer Society's 2014 Computer Pioneer Award to none other than Linus Torvalds; [the arrival][3] of Tails OS 1.0; and, perhaps most exciting of all, [the release][4] of Seattle-based band [netcat's][5] debut album as a Linux kernel module.
"Are you ever listening to an album, and thinking 'man, this sounds good, but I wish it crossed from user-space to kernel-space more often!'" netcat wrote on its Facebook page. "We got you covered. Our album is now fully playable as a loadable Linux kernel module."
Linux Girl thought she had seen it all here in the Linux world, but now she realizes she was wrong. Thank you, netcat, for keeping life interesting!
### 'Command Line Secrets' ###
![](http://www.linuxinsider.com/images/article_images/linuxgirl_bg_pinkswirl_150x245.jpg)
Speaking of interesting, there's nothing like a little shop talk around the bar to pass the time during a quiet week, and last week afforded a dose of that as well. Life is good here in the Linux blogosphere!
The forum was Linux Voice -- that shiny, new magazine alert readers may remember [launched late last year][6] -- and the topic was none other than [command line secrets][7].
Linux Girl couldn't resist.
### 'It Manages to Render Most Web Pages' ###
"There are loads of really good reasons to use the command line," wrote the masterminds at Linux Voice. "It's the most powerful and concise method of interacting with your computer.
"However, we decided to take a moment to look at some of its more obscure (and some would say pointless) uses," they added.
Top of the magazine's list is the elinks Web browser: "It might not be as colorful as its more famous rivals, but it manages to render most Web pages," they explained. "As well has having geek-chic, it can come in handy when you just need to quickly check if a Web page is accessible from a computer you only have SSH access to."
The list goes on from there to include looking up definitions on Wikipedia, among other tips.
Down at the Broken Windows Lounge, patrons had plenty of suggestions of their own.
### 'Great for Maintenance' ###
"Very nice tips on CL commands, very nice," enthused Google+ blogger Alessandro Ebersol, for example. "But they forgot [cowsay][8], which is great for having some laughs in the darkness of a terminal."
The command line "is great for maintenance," he added. "One can automate with bash scripts and make complex tasks with few (or just one) keystrokes."
Other command line secrets Ebersol would add to the original list are sl (steam locomotive), along with [these nuggets][9]:
* % cat "food in cans"
cat: can't open food in cans
* % nice man woman
No manual entry for woman.
* % [Where is Jimmy Hoffa?
Missing ].
* % make love
Make: Don't know how to make love. Stop.
* % man: why did you get a divorce?
man:: Too many arguments.
### 'The Most Precious Gem' ###
"Command-line secrets? There aren't any such things," blogger [Robert Pogson][10] told Linux Girl. "Desperate newbie? Type 'help.' Still need a hint? Type 'man whatever.' Want more diversity? Type 'ls /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin | less,' pick out a few gems and type 'man whatever' all night long. I've been at it more than a decade. Still having fun."
Pogson doesn't remember how long ago he discovered 'ssh,' but "it's the most precious gem of the FLOSS world," he said.
"The awesome power of ssh is that the joy you have with typing commands on one computer can allow you a hundred times the joy on 100 computers," he added. "Of course, it's not fun to type passwords 100 times, so learn to use secure passwordless logins with ssh to make logging in remotely transparent."
### 'Use It With Respect' ###
Of course, "just as with any pleasurable activity, one can be addicted to the point of destruction," Pogson warned. "As root, you can type commands to delete everything or otherwise mess things up.
"This is the nuclear option, and just as world leaders should sit on their hands and think carefully before pushing the button, value this power and use it with respect and higher motivations," he added.
"I once deleted a file system because my thumb dragged the space bar into a command," Pogson concluded. "I only did that once. Honest."
### 'Very Powerful' ###
Google+ blogger Gonzalo Velasco C. was no less enthusiastic.
"Even though the [GUI][11] tools are easier, in the *nix universe, the command line remains very powerful," he told Linux Girl. "Even some power MacOS users use them."
As for Gonzalo Velasco C. himself, "the only commands I would like to master are the process control and killing, to use with ctrl+alt+backspace, so I can handle the one process that is giving me trouble, and the tar.gz files management -- that to this very day remains a pain for me," he said.
#### 'Ur Doing It Wrong' ####
Last but not least, SoylentNews blogger hairyfeet had a different perspective altogether.
"The only thing I would add to a story about CLI is this: If you aren't working in IT and performing repetitive tasks where having an extremely simplistic, primitive way to script something is useful, and yet you are still using CLI, then 'ur doing it wrong,'" hairyfeet told Linux Girl. "A CLI isn't magic -- it's a GUI from the 1970s!"
Today there are "useful GUIs thanks to actually having more CPU and RAM than a dollar-store watch -- we even have IDEs and scripting languages that can run rings around that 70s throwback, work across the WAN or LAN and interact with the deepest levels of the OS, all while being easier to use thanks to technologies like intellisense and autocomplete," he explained. "So why in God's name, if you aren't one of the 3 percent who are administering systems where every single byte counts, would you be dragging that old pile of junk out of mothballs?"
Hairyfeet's best CLI advice? "Don't -- join the rest of the planet in the 21st century and learn how to use real languages and tools," he concluded. "Let CLI join bubble memory and floppies on the dustbin of history."
> atherine Noyes is always on duty in her role as Linux Girl, whose cape she has worn since 2007. A mild-mannered journalist by day, she spends her evenings haunting the seedy bars and watering holes of the Linux blogosphere in search of the latest gossip. You can also find her on [Twitter][12] and [Google+][13].
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/80437.html?rss=1
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[1]:http://www.computer.org/portal/web/pressroom/Linus-Torvalds-Named-Recipient-of-the-2014-IEEE-Computer-Society-Computer-Pioneer-Award
[2]:http://www.ieee.org/
[3]:http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/80386.html
[4]:https://www.facebook.com/netcatband/posts/755205877853161?stream_ref=10
[5]:http://www.netcat.co/
[6]:http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/79448.html
[7]:http://www.linuxvoice.com/commandline-secrets/
[8]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowsay
[9]:https://www.linux.com/community/blogs/133-general-linux/10408
[10]:http://mrpogson.com/
[11]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUI
[12]:http://twitter.com/noyesk
[13]:https://plus.google.com/+KatherineNoyes?rel=author

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How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps
================================================================================
![](http://www.muktware.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/ubuntu-customize-1.jpg)
Ubuntu is a great Linux distribution for users who want an easy-to-use interface and is arguably the best distribution for a user new to the Linux world. Some side effects of this is that, in terms of interface and appearance, many arbitrary choices have been made for the user by Canonical, particularly in the form of the Unity desktop environment.
These are not set in stone, however. Below are a few tips on how to feel more at home in Ubuntu. For a glimpse of some of the things you can customize in Ubuntu, you can see above what my desktop looks like using Unity in Ubuntu 14.04, compared to the default setup.
Let’s break down what is needed to do this.
### 1. Install the Unity Tweak Tool ###
Before you can make any significant changes to the appearance of Ubuntu, you will have to install the [Unity Tweak Tool][1], This is a special settings manager for the Unity desktop environment, and allows you to implement things like alternate icon sets and themes. It can be downloaded from the Ubuntu software center, or if you prefer, from the terminal with the following commands:
sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool
If you are using Gnome desktop environment, then you might want to try the Gnome Tweak Tool, which can also can be installed from the Ubuntu software center or with the command
sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool
### 2. Install a GTK theme ###
There are many custom themes for Ubuntu, which affect the way applications and windows look. The theme I use is the Numix GTK+ theme. You can find out more about the Numix themes and icons at [http://numixproject.org/][2] . You can install the the Numix theme by opening the terminal and entering:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:numix/ppa
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install numix-gtk-theme
o enable the theme, open the Unity Tweak Tool and select “Theme”, located under the “Appearance” header and select the theme, which should now be an option listed under “Available Themes”. This process can be repeated for any other theme, provided the repository package name is known. Many themes are available for perusal at [Gnome-Look.org][3]. One very similar set of themes to Numix are available is Moka at [http://mokaproject.com/][4].
### 3. Install an icon set ###
The icons used in the screenshot are also from Numix, the Numix Circle icons. These icons can be installed by entering into the terminal the commands:
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:numix/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install numix-icon-theme-circle
To enable the icons, select “Icons” in the Unity Tweak Tool and highlight the icon set. Once again, this is possible for any of the multitudes of icon sets available. Moka also offers very nice icon sets that bring colorful, consistent design to your desktop.
### 4. Install Conky system monitor ###
Conky is a lightweight desktop system monitor. By itself, it is quite plain, but it is completely hackable, which opens the door to complete customization of the application, which can be used to display a variety of useful information. You can install Conky by with these commands
sudo apt-get install conky conky-all
You will also need to install Curl with the command
sudo apt-get install curl
The Conky theme shown in the screenshot is [Harmattan][5], which displays time, weather and system processes in 15 different themes. To install this theme, you can download the .zip file from [deviantART][6], then extract its contents. Move the .conky-weather folder (you may have to hit Ctrl + H to view these files) into the home folder, as well as the .conkyrc file from the folder containing the theme of your choice (the Harmattan theme is nicely organized into folders for different types of themes). There are [hundreds of themes][7] of Conky, and all you need to try them is to replace the .conkyrc file in the home folder with the .conkyrc file for that theme.
### 5. Install some indicator applets ###
There are many third-party indicator applets that you can use to monitor information on your desktop. There are applets for weather, system performance, and more. The ones I use are quite simple. Because weather and performance are already in Conky, I haven’t installed these, but you can install them by entering the following commands in the terminal:
sudo apt-get install indicator-weather
sudo apt-get install indicator-multiload
The two applets I use are the Keys Lock applet and the Touchpad controller, because my laptop does not have an indicator light for caps lock or the touchpad disable hotkey. You can install these with the commands
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tsbarnes/indicator-keylock
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:atareao/atareao
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install indicator-keylock
sudo apt-get install touchpad-indicator
You may have to re-login to your user in order to launch these applets.
### 6. Get advanced with CompizConfig Settings Manager ###
If Unity Tweak Tool is not powerful enough for you, you can try installing the [CompizConfig Settings Manager][8].
### Warning: ###
CompizConfig may damage your system if the wrong settings are applied. Use with caution. You can enable settings hidden in all corners of Ubuntu, and you can install in from the Ubuntu Software Center or from the terminal with these commands:
sudo apt-get install compiz compizconfig-settings-manager compiz-fusion-plugins-extra compiz-fusion-plugins-main compiz-plugins
Your Ubuntu desktop is now supercharged! All of these steps have thousands of other options attached to them, so customizability is endless. Now go out and try them!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.muktware.com/2014/05/customize-ubuntu-desktop-6-steps/26750
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[1]:https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/unity-tweak-tool/
[2]:http://numixproject.org/
[3]:http://gnome-look.org/?xcontentmode=100
[4]:http://mokaproject.com/
[5]:http://zagortenay333.deviantart.com/art/Conky-Harmattan-426662366
[6]:http://www.deviantart.com/art/Conky-Harmattan-426662366
[7]:http://www.deviantart.com/?qh=&section=&global=1&q=conky
[8]:https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/compizconfig-settings-manager/