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"Source/tech/20150126 Cleaning up Ubuntu 14.10,14.04,13.10 system.md" 翻译完毕
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FSSLC Translating !
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Cleaning up Ubuntu 14.10,14.04,13.10 system
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================================================================================
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We have already discussed [Cleaning up a Ubuntu GNU/Linux system][1] and this tutorial is updated with new ubuntu versions and more tools added.
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If you want to clean your ubuntu machine you need to follow these simple steps to remove all unnecessary junk files.
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### Remove partial packages ###
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This is yet another built-in feature, but this time it is not used in Synaptic Package Manager. It is used in the Terminal. Now, in the Terminal, key in the following command
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sudo apt-get autoclean
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Then enact the package clean command. What this commnad does is to clean remove .deb packages that apt caches when you install/update programs. To use the clean command type the following in a terminal window:
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sudo apt-get clean
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You can then use the autoremove command. What the autoremove command does is to remove packages installed as dependencies after the original package is removed from the system. To use autoremove tye the following in a terminal window:
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sudo apt-get autoremove
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### Remove unnecessary locale data ###
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For this we need to install localepurge.Automagically remove unnecessary locale data.This is just a simple script to recover diskspace wasted for unneeded locale files and localized man pages. It will automagically be invoked upon completion of any apt installation run.
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Install localepurge in Ubuntu
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sudo apt-get install localepurge
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After installing anything with apt-get install, localepurge will remove all translation files and translated man pages in languages you cannot read.
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If you want to configure localepurge you need to edit /etc/locale.nopurge
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This can save you several megabytes of disk space, depending on the packages you have installed.
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Example:-
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I am trying to install dicus using apt-get
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sudo apt-get install discus
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after end of this installation you can see something like below
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localepurge: Disk space freed in /usr/share/locale: 41860K
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### Remove "orphaned" packages ###
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If you want to remove orphaned packages you need to install deborphan package.
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Install deborphan in Ubuntu
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sudo apt-get install deborphan
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### Using deborphan ###
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Open Your terminal and enter the following command
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sudo deborphan | xargs sudo apt-get -y remove --purge
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### Remove "orphaned" packages Using GtkOrphan ###
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GtkOrphan (a Perl/Gtk2 application for debian systems) is a graphical tool which analyzes the status of your installations, looking for orphaned libraries. It implements a GUI front-end for deborphan, adding the package-removal capability.
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### Install GtkOrphan in Ubuntu ###
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Open the terminal and run the following command
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sudo apt-get install gtkorphan
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#### Screenshot ####
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### Remove Orphan packages using Wajig ###
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simplified Debian package management front end.Wajig is a single commandline wrapper around apt, apt-cache, dpkg,/etc/init.d scripts and more, intended to be easy to use and providing extensive documentation for all of its functions.
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With a suitable sudo configuration, most (if not all) package installation as well as creation tasks can be done from a user shell. Wajig is also suitable for general system administration.A Gnome GUI command ‘gjig' is also included in the package.
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### Install Wajig in Ubuntu ###
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Open the terminal and run the following command
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sudo apt-get install wajig
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### Debfoster --- Keep track of what you did install ###
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debfoster maintains a list of installed packages that were explicitly requested rather than installed as a dependency. Arguments are entirely optional, debfoster can be invoked per se after each run of dpkg and/or apt-get.
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Alternatively you can use debfoster to install and remove packages by specifying the packages on the command line. Packages suffixed with a --- are removed while packages without a suffix are installed.
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If a new package is encountered or if debfoster notices that a package that used to be a dependency is now an orphan, it will ask you what to do with it. If you decide to keep it, debfoster will just take note and continue. If you decide that this package is not interesting enough it will be removed as soon as debfoster is done asking questions. If your choices cause other packages to become orphaned more questions will ensue.
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### Install debfoster in Ubuntu ###
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Open the terminal and run the following command
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sudo apt-get install debfoster
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### Using debfoster ###
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to create the initial keepers file use the following command
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sudo debfoster -q
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you can always edit the file /var/lib/debfosterkeepers which defines the packages you want to remain on your system.
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to edit the keepers file type
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sudo vi /var/lib/debfoster/keepers
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To force debfoster to remove all packages that aren't listed in this list or dependencies of packages that are listed in this list.It will also add all packages in this list that aren't installed. So it makes your system comply with this list. Do this
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sudo debfoster -f
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To keep track of what you installed additionally do once in a while :
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sudo debfoster
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### xdiskusage -- Check where the space on your hard drive goes ###
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Displays a graphic of your disk usage with du.xdiskusage is a user-friendly program to show you what is using up all your disk space. It is based on the design of the "xdu" program written by Phillip C. Dykstra. Changes have been made so it runs "du" for you, and can display the free space left on the disk, and produce a PostScript version of the display.xdiskusage is nice if you want to easily see where the space on your hard drive goes.
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### Install xdiskusage in Ubuntu ###
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sudo apt-get install xdiskusage
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If you want to open this application you need to use the following command
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sudo xdiskusage
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Once it opens you should see similar to the following screen
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### Bleachbit ###
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BleachBit quickly frees disk space and tirelessly guards your privacy. Free cache, delete cookies, clear Internet history, shred temporary files, delete logs, and discard junk you didn't know was there. Designed for Linux and Windows systems, it wipes clean a thousand applications including Firefox, Internet Explorer, Adobe Flash, Google Chrome, Opera, Safari,and more. Beyond simply deleting files, BleachBit includes advanced features such as shredding files to prevent recovery, wiping free disk space to hide traces of files deleted by other applications, and vacuuming Firefox to make it faster. Better than free, BleachBit is open source.
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### Install Bleachbit in ubuntu ###
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Open the terminal and run the following command
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sudo apt-get install bleachbit
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### Using Ubuntu-Tweak ###
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You can also Use [Ubuntu-Tweak][2] To clean up your system
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.ubuntugeek.com/cleaning-up-a-ubuntu-gnulinux-system-updated-with-ubuntu-14-10-and-more-tools-added.html
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作者：[ruchi][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.ubuntugeek.com/author/ubuntufix
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[1]:http://www.ubuntugeek.com/cleaning-up-all-unnecessary-junk-files-in-ubuntu.html
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[2]:http://www.ubuntugeek.com/www.ubuntugeek.com/install-ubuntu-tweak-on-ubuntu-14-10.html
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@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
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清理 Ubuntu 14.10,14.04,13.10 系统
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================================================================================
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前面我们已经讨论了[如何清理 Ubuntu GNU/Linux 系统][1]，这篇教程将在原有教程的基础上，增加对新的 Ubuntu 发行版本的支持，并介绍更多的工具。
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假如你想清理你的 Ubuntu 主机，你可以按照以下的一些简单步骤来移除所有不需要的垃圾文件。
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### 移除多余软件包 ###
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这又是一个内置功能，但这次我们不必使用新得立包管理软件(Synaptic Package Manager)，而是在终端中达到目的。
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现在，在终端窗口中键入如下命令：
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```
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sudo apt-get autoclean
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```
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这便激活了包清除命令。这个命令所做的工作是： 自动清除那些当你安装或升级程序时系统所缓存的 `.deb` 包(即清除 `/var/cache/apt/archives` 目录，不过只清理过时的包)。如果需要使用 清除命令，只需在终端窗口中键入以下命令：
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```
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sudo apt-get clean
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```
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然后你就可以使用自动移除命令。这个命令所做的工作是：清除那些 在系统中被某个已经卸载的软件 作为依赖所安装的软件包。要使用自动移除命令，在终端窗口中键入以下命令：
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```
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sudo apt-get autoremove
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```
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### 移除不需要的本地数据 ###
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为达到此目的，我们需要安装 `localepurge` 软件,它将自动移除一些不需要的本地数据。这个软件是一个简单的脚本，它将从那些 不再需要的本地文件和本地联机手册( man pages ) 所占用的空间中回收磁盘空间。这个软件将在任何 apt 安装命令运行时 被自动激活。
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在 Ubuntu 中安装 `localepurge`
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```
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sudo apt-get install localepurge
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```
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在通过 `apt-get install` 安装任意软件后， localepurge 将移除所有 不是使用你系统中所设定语言的 翻译文件和翻译的联机手册。
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假如你想设置 `localepurge`，你需要编辑 `/ect/locale.nopurge` 文件。
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根据你已经安装的软件，这将为你节省几兆的磁盘空间。
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例子：-
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假如我试着使用 `apt-get` 来安装 `dicus`软件：
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```
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sudo apt-get install discus
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```
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在软件安装完毕之后，你将看到如下提示：
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> localepurge: Disk space freed in /usr/share/locale: 41860K
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### 移除 孤包 ###
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假如你想移除孤包,你需要安装 `deborphan` 软件:
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在 Ubuntu 中安装 `deborphan` :
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```
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sudo apt-get install deborphan
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```
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### 使用 deborphan ###
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打开终端并键入如下命令即可:
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```
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sudo deborphan | xargs sudo apt-get -y remove --purge
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```
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### 使用 GtkOrphan 来移除 孤包 ###
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`GtkOrphan` (一个针对 debian 系发行版本的 Perl/Gtk2 应用) 是一个分析 用户安装过程状态并查找孤立库文件的图形化工具, 它为 `deborphan` 提供了一个 GUI 前端,并具备移除软件包的功能。
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### 在 Ubuntu 中安装 GtkOrphan ###
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打开终端并运行如下命令：
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```
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sudo apt-get install gtkorphan
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```
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#### 一张截图 ####
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### 使用 Wajig 移除孤包 ###
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`Wajig`是 Debian 包管理系统中一个简单的软件包管理前端。它将 apt、apt-cache、 dpkg、 /etc/init.d 中的脚本等 通过一个单一命令集成在一起，它的设计初衷是 使用简单 和 为它所包含的函数提供丰富的文档。
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通过适当的 `sudo`配置，大多数（如果不是全部）的软件包安装和创建等任务可以通过 一个用户 shell 来完成。`Wajig` 也适用于一般的系统管理。另外，一个 Gnome GUI 命令 `gjig`也被囊括在这个软件包之中。
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### 在 Ubuntu 中安装 Wajig ###
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打开终端并运行如下命令：
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```
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sudo apt-get install wajig
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```
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### Debfoster --- 跟踪你在安装过程中的操作 ###
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debfoster 将会维护一个列有 被明确要求安装的软件包的列表，但不包括那些作为某个软件的依赖而被安装的软件包。参数是完全可选的，你甚至可以使得 在 dpkg 和/或 apt-get 每次运行之后的每一秒内 激活 debfoster 。
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另外，你还可以在命令行中使用 debfoster 来安装或移除某些特定的软件包。那些后缀为 `---` 的软件包将会被移除，而没有后缀的软件包将会被安装。
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假如一个新的软件包或 debfoster 注意到 作为某个软件包的依赖的软件包 是一个孤包，则 debfoster 将会询问你下一步如何操作。若你决定保留这个孤包， debfoster 将只会进行记录并继续安装过程；若你觉得这个软件包不足以引起你的兴趣，在 debfoster 询问这个问题后，它将移除这个软件包。进一步的，如果你的决定使得其他的软件包变为孤包，更多的提问将会接踵而来。
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### 在 Ubuntu 中安装 debfoster ###
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打开终端并运行如下命令：
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```
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sudo apt-get install debfoster
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```
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### 使用 debfoster ###
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为了创建一个 初始跟踪文件，可以使用如下命令：
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```
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sudo debfoster -q
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```
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你总可以编辑 `/var/lib/debfoster/keepers` 文件，来定义那些 你想留在系统中的软件包。
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为了编辑这个文件，可以键入：
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```
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sudo vi /var/lib/debfoster/keepers
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```
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强制使 debfoster 去移除 所有没有被列在上面这个文件的软件包 或 安装作为某些列在这个文件中的软件包的依赖， 它也会添加所有在这个列表中没有被安装的软件包。若要根据这个列表来执行相关操作，只需执行
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```
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sudo debfoster -f
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```
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若需要跟踪你新安装的软件包，你需要时不时地执行如下命令：
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```
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sudo debfoster
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```
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### xdiskusage -- 查看你的硬盘空间都去哪儿了 ###
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图形化地展示磁盘使用情况的 du.xdiskusage 是一个用户友好型程序，它将为你展示你所有磁盘的使用情况。 它是在 Phillip C. Dykstra 所写的 “xdu” 程序的基础上设计的。一些改变使得它可以为你运行 “du”命令，并显示磁盘的剩余空间，并且假如你想清晰地了解你的磁盘空间都去哪儿了，它还可以生成一个 PostScript 格式的名为 display.xdiskusage 的文件。
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### 在 Ubuntu 中安装 xdiskusage ###
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只需使用如下命令：
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```
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sudo apt-get install xdiskusage
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```
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若你想打开这个应用，你需要使用如下命令：
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```
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sudo xdiskusage
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```
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一旦这个应用被打开，你将看到如下图所示的界面：
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### Bleachbit ###
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BleachBit 能快速地释放磁盘空间并不知疲倦地保护你的隐私。它可以 释放缓存，删除 cookie，清除 Internet 上网历史，粉碎临时文件，删除日志，丢弃你所不知道存在何处的垃圾。为 Linux 和 Windows 系统设计，它支持擦除清理数以千计的应用程序，如 Firefox, Internet Explorer, Adobe Flash, Google Chrome, Opera, Safari 等等。除了简单地删除文件，BleachBit 还包括许多高级功能，诸如 粉碎文件以防止恢复，擦除磁盘空间 来隐藏被其他应用程序所删除文件的痕迹，为火狐“除尘”，使其速度更快等。比免费更好，BleachBit 是一个开源软件。
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### 在 Ubuntu 中安装 Bleachbit ###
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打开终端并运行如下命令：
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```
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sudo apt-get install bleachbit
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```
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### 一张截图 ###
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### 使用 Ubuntu-Tweak ###
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最后，你也可以使用 [Ubuntu-Tweak][2] 来清理你的系统。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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||||
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||||
via: http://www.ubuntugeek.com/cleaning-up-a-ubuntu-gnulinux-system-updated-with-ubuntu-14-10-and-more-tools-added.html
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||||
作者：[ruchi][a]
|
||||
译者：[FSSlc](https://github.com/FSSlc)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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|
||||
[a]:http://www.ubuntugeek.com/author/ubuntufix
|
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[1]:http://www.ubuntugeek.com/cleaning-up-all-unnecessary-junk-files-in-ubuntu.html
|
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[2]:http://www.ubuntugeek.com/www.ubuntugeek.com/install-ubuntu-tweak-on-ubuntu-14-10.html
|
||||
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