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[Translated] 20171201 Torrents - Everything You Need to Know.md
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Translating by qhwdw
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Torrents - Everything You Need to Know
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======
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**Torrents** - Every time we hear this word, the only thing that comes to our minds is free movies, games and cracked software. But little do we know about how they work, the various concepts involved in torrenting etc. So here in this article let’s have a look at **torrenting** from a technical perspective.
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### What are Torrents?
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Torrents are links to a file’s location on the internet. They are not the files, they are just Dynamic pointers to the original file that you download.
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For example: if you click on
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[Google Chrome][1]
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you can download the Google Chrome browser from Google's servers.
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If you click on that link tomorrow, or next week or next month, the file will still be downloaded from Google’s server.
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But when we download torrents, there is no fixed server. Files are downloaded from other people’s computers who had previously downloaded that torrent.
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### How Does this work?
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[][2]
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Let’s say ‘A’ has some video that he wants to create a torrent of. So he creates a torrent and sends that link to ‘B’, this link contains information about where exactly is that video on the internet from its IP address. So when ‘B’ starts downloading that file, ‘B’ connects to ‘A’s’ computer. Now after ‘B’ has completed downloading it, ‘B’ will start seeding it i.e ‘B’ will allow another ‘C’ or ‘D’ to download it from ‘B’s’ computer.
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So everyone first downloads the file and then uploads, the more uploaders the more, downloading speed you get. And if in any case, someone wishes to stop uploading he can do so. This won’t be a problem unless there are too many downloaders and few uploaders.
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### Seeders and Leechers
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[][3]
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A user who has fully downloaded that particular file and is now uploading it so that new users can download is a seeder.
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And someone who hasn’t completed downloading that file and is still downloading it is a leecher.
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### Pieces
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[][4]
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All torrent files are separated into packets of fixed size so that they can be downloaded non-linearly and randomly. Each piece can uniquely be identified so that once all pieces are downloaded they can be put together to form the original file.
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This is done so that if you are downloading a file from someone and if he stops uploading due to some reasons, you can continue your download from another seeder without having to re-download the file.
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### Peers
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Peers are basically leechers that are currently connected to you. A leecher who is uploading however many pieces that he has downloaded is a peer.
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**For example:
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**
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A user who has downloaded the first 50 pieces of a file is a leecher, but he is uploading those files simultaneously and you are a person who has only 10 first pieces, so you can download up to 50 pieces from him. Here he would be your peer.
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### Best Practises
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Whenever you are downloading a torrent, always try to choose the one that has maximum seeders. Consider this a rule of thumb.
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There are no exact minimum criteria but just make sure you choose the one with the maximum seeders.
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### Torrent Laws
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[][5]
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Torrent laws are no different from other laws and torrenting of copyrighted material is a punishable offense. Most governments have blocked torrent sites and protocols but torrenting is not bad.
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Torrents are extremely useful in quickly sharing a file and they are used to share most of the Open Source Community’s software as they can save a lot of server resources. However, many people use them for piracy.
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### Conclusion
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Torrenting is a great technology ideal to reduce the load on the servers.
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Torrenting
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can give us speed up to our network adapter’s limit, which is great. However, due to decentralized servers, Piracy is inevitable. It can only be our moral responsibility to restrict what we share and never download the pirated content.
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Do share your thoughts about using torrents in the comments section below and share with us your favorite torrent websites to download legal material.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/home/torrents-everything-you-need-to-know
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作者：[LINUXANDUBUNTU][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com
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[1]:https://www.google.com/chrome/
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[2]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/torrent_orig.png
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[3]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/seeders_orig.png
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[4]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/peers_orig.png
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[5]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/torrent-laws_orig.png
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Torrents - 你需要知道的一切事情
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======
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**Torrents** — 每次听到这个词时，在我的脑海里想到的唯一的事情就是免费的电影、游戏、和被破解的软件。但是我们并不知道它们是如何工作的，在 Torrents 中涉及到各种概念。因此，通过这篇文章我们从技术的角度来了解 **torrenting** 是什么。
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### Torrents 是什么？
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Torrents 是一个到因特网上文件位置的链接。它们不是一个文件，它们仅仅是动态指向到你想去下载的原始文件上。
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例如：如果你点击 [Google Chrome][1]，你可以从谷歌的服务器上下载 Google Chrome 浏览器。
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如果你明天、或者下周、或者下个月再去点击那个链接，这个文件仍然可以从谷歌服务器上去下载。
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但是当我们使用 torrents 下载时，它并没有固定的服务器。文件是从以前使用 torrents 下载的其它人的个人电脑上下载的。
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### Torrents 是如何工作的？
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[][2]
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假设 ‘A’ 上有一些视频，它希望以 torrent 方式去下载。因此，他创建了一个 torrent，并将这个链接发送给 ‘B’，这个链接包含了那个视频在因特网上的准确 IP 地址的信息。因此，当 ‘B’ 开始下载那个文件的时候，‘B’ 连接到 ‘A’ 的计算机。在 ‘B’ 下载完成这个视频之后，‘B’ 将开始做为种子，也就是 ‘B’ 将允许其它的 ‘C’ 或者 ‘D’ 从 ‘B’ 的计算机上下载它。
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因此每个人先下载文件然后会上传，下载的人越多，下载的速度也越快。并且在任何情况下，如果想停止上传，也没有问题，随时可以。这样做并不会成为什么问题，除非很多的人下载而上传的人很少。
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### 播种者和索取者
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[][3]
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下载完成特定文件的用户将会即刻做为上传者，因此，可以被新用户下载的已下载者称为播种者。
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而一些还没有完成特定文件的下载者，并且还正在下载的用户称为索取者。
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### 块
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[][4]
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所有的 torrent 文件都独立分割成固定大小的数据包，因此，它们可以非线性顺序和随机顺序下载。每个块都有唯一的标识，因此，一旦所有的块下载完成之后，它们会被拼接出原始文件。
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正是因为这种机制，如果你正在从某人处下载一个文件，假如这个时候因某些原因他停止了上传，你可以继续从其它的播种者处继续下载，而不需要从头开始重新下载。
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### 对端
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对端是指当前连接到你的索取者。一个正在上传的索取者，不论它下载了多少块，它就是一个对端。
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**例如：**
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一个已经下载了文件的前 50 个块的用户就是一个索取者，但是，他又同时上传这些文件，而你只有前 10 个块，因此，你可以从他那里下载最多 50 个块。这时候他就成了你的对端。
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### 最佳实践
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当你下载一个 torrent 时，总是选择最大的播种者。这就是最佳经验。
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这里并没有最小的标准，但是只要确保你选择的是最大的那一个播种者就可以了。
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### Torrent 相关的法律
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[][5]
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Torrent 相关的法律和其它的法律并没有什么区别，对受版权保护的其它任何东西一样，侵权行为会受到法律的制裁。大多数的政府都拦截 torrent 站点和协议，但是 torrenting 本身并不是有害的东西。
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Torrents 对快速分享文件是非常有用的，并且它们被用来共享开源社区的软件，因为它们能节约大量的服务器资源。但是，许多人却因为盗版而使用它们。
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### 结束语
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Torrenting 是降低服务器上负载的一个非常完美的技术。Torrenting 可以使我们将下载速度提升到网卡的极限，这是非常好的。但是，在这种非中心化的服务器上，盗版成为一种必然发生的事。限制我们分享的内容，从不去下载盗版的东西，这是我们的道德责任。
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请在下面的评论中分享你使用 torrents 的心得，分享你喜欢的、法律许可下载的 torrent 网站。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/home/torrents-everything-you-need-to-know
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作者：[LINUXANDUBUNTU][a]
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译者：[qhwdw](https://github.com/qhwdw)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com
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[1]:https://www.google.com/chrome/
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[2]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/torrent_orig.png
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[3]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/seeders_orig.png
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[4]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/peers_orig.png
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[5]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/torrent-laws_orig.png
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