From 5cab52953e40e4dff4763a672888c53beb9d6b97 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Stevearzh Date: Tue, 30 Dec 2014 14:43:41 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 1/8] Translating by Stevearzh --- ...226 How to Download Music from Grooveshark with a Linux OS.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/sources/share/20141226 How to Download Music from Grooveshark with a Linux OS.md b/sources/share/20141226 How to Download Music from Grooveshark with a Linux OS.md index 8b7c5a8e3d..f4a50b24b3 100644 --- a/sources/share/20141226 How to Download Music from Grooveshark with a Linux OS.md +++ b/sources/share/20141226 How to Download Music from Grooveshark with a Linux OS.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +[Translating by Stevarzh] How to Download Music from Grooveshark with a Linux OS ================================================================================ > The solution is actually much simpler than you think From 06c94466acd9089ff9f641666dbbb695d93900ce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ZhouJ-sh <32321321@qq.com> Date: Tue, 30 Dec 2014 16:42:44 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 2/8] =?UTF-8?q?20141229=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98=202=20Ways=20?= =?UTF-8?q?To=20Fix=20The=20UEFI=20Bootloader=20When=20Dual=20Booting=20Wi?= =?UTF-8?q?ndows=20And=20Ubuntu.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...er When Dual Booting Windows And Ubuntu.md | 104 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 104 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/share/20141229 2 Ways To Fix The UEFI Bootloader When Dual Booting Windows And Ubuntu.md diff --git a/sources/share/20141229 2 Ways To Fix The UEFI Bootloader When Dual Booting Windows And Ubuntu.md b/sources/share/20141229 2 Ways To Fix The UEFI Bootloader When Dual Booting Windows And Ubuntu.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dc1cab30df --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/share/20141229 2 Ways To Fix The UEFI Bootloader When Dual Booting Windows And Ubuntu.md @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +[zhouj-sh translating...] +2 Ways To Fix The UEFI Bootloader When Dual Booting Windows And Ubuntu +================================================================================ +The main problem that users experience after following my [tutorials for dual booting Ubuntu and Windows 8][1] is that their computer continues to boot directly into Windows 8 with no option for running Ubuntu. + +Here are two ways to fix the EFI boot loader to get the Ubuntu portion to boot correctly. + +![Set GRUB2 As The Bootloader.](http://0.tqn.com/y/linux/1/L/E/J/1/grub2.JPG) + +### 1. Make GRUB The Active Bootloader ### + +There are a few things that may have gone wrong during the installation. + +In theory if you have managed to install Ubuntu in the first place then you will have [turned off fast boot][2]. + +Hopefully you [followed this guide to create a bootable UEFI Ubuntu USB drive][3] as this installs the correct UEFI boot loader. + +If you have done both of these things as part of the installation, the bit that may have gone wrong is the part where you set GRUB2 as the boot manager. + +To set GRUB2 as the default bootloader follow these steps: + +1.Login to Windows 8 +2.Go to the desktop +3.Right click on the start button and choose administrator command prompt +4.Type mountvol g: /s (This maps your EFI folder structure to the G drive). +5.Type cd g:\EFI +6.When you do a directory listing you will see a folder for Ubuntu. Type dir. +7.There should be options for grubx64.efi and shimx64.efi +8.Run the following command to set grubx64.efi as the bootloader: + +bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi + +9:Reboot your computer +10:You should now have a GRUB menu appear with options for Ubuntu and Windows. +11:If your computer still boots straight to Windows repeat steps 1 through 7 again but this time type: + +bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi + +12:Reboot your computer + +What you are doing here is logging into the Windows administration command prompt, mapping a drive to the EFI partition so that you can see where the Ubuntu bootloaders are installed and then either choosing grubx64.efi or shimx64.efi as the bootloader. + +So [what is the difference between grubx64.efi and shimx64.efi][4]? You should choose grubx64.efi if secureboot is turned off. If secureboot is turned on you should choose shimx64.efi. + +In my steps above I have suggested trying one and then trying another. The other option is to install one and then turn secure boot on or off within the UEFI firmware for your computer depending on the bootloader you chose. + +### 2. Use rEFInd To Dual Boot Windows 8 And Ubuntu ### +The [rEFInd boot loader][5] works by listing all of your operating systems as icons. You will therefore be able to boot Windows, Ubuntu and operating systems from USB drives simply by clicking the appropriate icon. + +To download rEFInd for Windows 8 [click here][6]. + +After you have downloaded the file extract the zip file. + +Now follow these steps to install rEFInd. + +1.Go to the desktop +2.Right click on the start button and choose administrator command prompt +3.Type mountvol g: /s (This maps your EFI folder structure to the G drive) +4.Navigate to the extracted rEFInd folder. For example: + +cd c:\users\gary\downloads\refind-bin-0.8.4\refind-bin-0.8.4 + +When you type dir you should see a folder for refind +5.Type the following to copy refind to the EFI partition: + +xcopy /E refind g:\EFI\refind\ + +6.Type the following to navigate to the refind folder + +cd g:\EFI\refind + +7.Rename the sample configuration file: + +rename refind.conf-sample refind.conf +8.Run the following command to set rEFInd as the bootloader + +bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\refind\refind_x64.efi + +9.Reboot your computer +10.You should now have a menu similar to the image above with options to boot Windows and Ubuntu +​ +This process is fairly similar to choosing the GRUB bootloader. + +Basically it involves downloading rEFInd, extracting the files. copying the files to the EFI partition, renaming the configuration file and then setting rEFInd as the boot loader. + +### Summary ### + +Hopefully this guide has solved the issues that some of you have been having with dual booting Ubuntu and Windows 8.1. If you are still having issues feel free to get back in touch using the email link above. + + +作者：[Gary Newell][a] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +via:http://linux.about.com/od/LinuxNewbieDesktopGuide/tp/3-Ways-To-Fix-The-UEFI-Bootloader-When-Dual-Booting-Windows-And-Ubuntu.htm +[a]:http://linux.about.com/bio/Gary-Newell-132058.htm +[1]:http://linux.about.com/od/LinuxNewbieDesktopGuide/ss/The-Ultimate-Windows-81-And-Ubuntu- +[2]:http://linux.about.com/od/howtos/ss/How-To-Create-A-UEFI-Bootable-Ubuntu-USB-Drive-Using-Windows_3.htm#step-heading +[3]:http://linux.about.com/od/howtos/ss/How-To-Create-A-UEFI-Bootable-Ubuntu-USB-Drive-Using-Windows.htm +[4]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SecurityTeam/SecureBoot +[5]:http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/installing.html#windows +[6]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/refind/files/0.8.4/refind-bin-0.8.4.zip/download \ No newline at end of file From 2daff130f975f6b6c566e3ca030f3e7e77d1b515 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ZhouJ-sh <32321321@qq.com> Date: Tue, 30 Dec 2014 18:05:32 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 3/8] translated 20141229 2 Ways To Fix The UEFI Bootloader When Dual Booting Windows And Ubuntu.md --- ...er When Dual Booting Windows And Ubuntu.md | 88 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 88 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/share/20141229 2 Ways To Fix The UEFI Bootloader When Dual Booting Windows And Ubuntu.md diff --git a/translated/share/20141229 2 Ways To Fix The UEFI Bootloader When Dual Booting Windows And Ubuntu.md b/translated/share/20141229 2 Ways To Fix The UEFI Bootloader When Dual Booting Windows And Ubuntu.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0342aaf726 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/share/20141229 2 Ways To Fix The UEFI Bootloader When Dual Booting Windows And Ubuntu.md @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +Windows和Ubuntu双系统，修复UEFI引导的两种办法 +======================================================================= +读者在读过我的[安装Ubuntu和Windows 8双系统教程][1]以后，碰到的主要的问题是电脑直接启动到Windows 8而没有出现启动Ubuntu的选项。 + +这里有两种修复EFI启动引导的方法，使Ubuntu可以正常启动 + +![](http://0.tqn.com/y/linux/1/L/E/J/1/grub2.JPG) "将GRUB2设置为启动引导" + +### 1. 启用GRUB引导 ### + +在安装时，有些地方可能会出问题。 + +理论上来说，如果你首先安装Ubuntu，那么你需要[关闭快速启动][2]。 + +希望你[按照这个指南创建一个UEFI Ubuntu 启动优盘][3]安装正确的UEFI引导程序。 + +如果你在安装时已经完成了这些事情，那么可能出错的地方就是将GRUB2设置为启动管理器。 + +可以按照以下几个步骤将GRUB2设置为默认的引导程序： + +1.登录Windows 8 +2.转到桌面 +3.右击开始按钮，选择管理员命令行 +4.输入 mountvol g: (将你的EFI目录结构映射到G盘) +5.输入 cd g:\EFI +6.当你输入 dir 列出文件夹内容时，你可以看到一个Ubuntu的文件夹 +7.这里的参数可以是grubx64.efi或者shimx64.efi +8.运行下列命令将grub64.efi设置为启动引导程序： +bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi +9.重启你的电脑 +10.你将会看到一个包含Ubuntu和Windows选项的GRUB菜单 +11.如果你的电脑仍然直接启动到Windows，重复步骤1到7，但是这次输入： +bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi +12.重启你的电脑 + +这里你做的事情是登录Windows管理员命令行，将EFI引导区映射到磁盘上，来查看Ubuntu的引导程序是否安装成功，然后选择grubx64.efi或者shimx64.efi作为引导程序。 + +那么[grubx64.efi和shimx64.efi有什么区别呢][4]？在安全启动（serureboot）关闭的情况下，你可以使用grubx64.efi。如果安全启动打开则需要选择shimx64.efi。 + +在我上面的步骤里面，我建议先试一个，然后再试试另外一个。另外一种方法是选择一个，然后根据你选择的引导程序在BIOS中启用或者禁用安全启动。 + +### 2.使用rEFInd引导Ubuntu和Windows双系统 ### + +[rEFInd引导程序][5]会以图标的方式列出你所有的操作系统。因此，你可以通过点击相应的图标来启动Windows、Ubuntu或者优盘中的操作系统。 + +[点击这里][6]下载rEFInd for Windows 8。 + +下载和解压以后，按照以下的步骤安装rEFInd。 + +1.返回桌面 +2.右击开始按钮，选择管理员命令行 +3.输入 mountvol g: (将你的EFI目录结构映射到G盘) +4.进入解压的rEFInd目录。例如： +cd c:\users\gary\downloads\refind-bin-0.8.4\refind-bin-0.8.4 +当你输入 dir 命令，你可以看到一个refind目录 +5.输入如下命令将refind拷贝到EFI引导区 +xcopy /E refind g:\EFI\refind\ +6.输入如下命令进入refind文件夹 +cd g:\EFI\refind +7.重命名示例配置文件 +rename refind.conf-sample refind.conf +8.运行如下命令将rEFind设置为引导程序 +bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\refind\refind_x64.efi +9.重启你的电脑 +10.你将会看到一个包含Ubuntu和Windows的图形菜单 + +这个过程和选择GRUB引导程序十分相似。 + +简单的说，主要是下载rEFind，解压文件。拷贝文件到EFI引导区，重命名配置文件，然后将rEFind设置为引导程序。 + +### 概要 ### + +希望这篇文章可以解决有些人在安装Ubuntu和Windows 8.1双系统时出现的问题。如果你仍然有问题，可以通过上面的电邮和我进行交流。 + +作者：[Gary Newell][a] +译者：[zhouj-sh](https://github.com/zhouj-sh) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +via:http://linux.about.com/od/LinuxNewbieDesktopGuide/tp/3-Ways-To-Fix-The-UEFI-Bootloader-When-Dual-Booting-Windows-And-Ubuntu.htm +[a]:http://linux.about.com/bio/Gary-Newell-132058.htm +[1]:http://linux.about.com/od/LinuxNewbieDesktopGuide/ss/The-Ultimate-Windows-81-And-Ubuntu- +[2]:http://linux.about.com/od/howtos/ss/How-To-Create-A-UEFI-Bootable-Ubuntu-USB-Drive-Using-Windows_3.htm#step-heading +[3]:http://linux.about.com/od/howtos/ss/How-To-Create-A-UEFI-Bootable-Ubuntu-USB-Drive-Using-Windows.htm +[4]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SecurityTeam/SecureBoot +[5]:http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/installing.html#windows +[6]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/refind/files/0.8.4/refind-bin-0.8.4.zip/download \ No newline at end of file From 8bb194413564b652cb212b5143acb8e1f880fd90 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Vic___ Date: Tue, 30 Dec 2014 22:48:53 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 4/8] Translated --- ...How to install Kingsoft Office on Linux.md | 48 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20141224 Linux FAQs with Answers--How to install Kingsoft Office on Linux.md b/sources/tech/20141224 Linux FAQs with Answers--How to install Kingsoft Office on Linux.md index f878b02a80..0c7a0110b1 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20141224 Linux FAQs with Answers--How to install Kingsoft Office on Linux.md +++ b/sources/tech/20141224 Linux FAQs with Answers--How to install Kingsoft Office on Linux.md @@ -1,22 +1,22 @@ - Vic020 - -Linux FAQs with Answers--How to install Kingsoft Office on Linux +Linux有问必答 - linux如何安装WPS ================================================================================ -> **Question**: I heard good things about Kingsoft Office, so I would like to try it out on my Linux. How can I install Kingsoft Office on [insert your Linux distro]? +> **问题**: 我听说一个好东西Kingsoft Office（译注：就是WPS），所以我想在我的Linux上试试。我怎样才能安装Kingsoft Office呢？ -Kingsoft Office is an office suite available for muliple platforms including Windows, Linux, iOS and Android. It comes with three programs: Writer for word processing, Presentation for presentations, and Spreadsheets for spreadsheets. It is freemium model, where the basic version is free to use. Compared to other Linux office suites such as LibreOffice or OpenOffice, the best advantage of Kingsoft Office is its **excellent compatibility with Microsoft Office**. Thus for those of you who need to use an office suite on Linux and Windows platforms interchangeably, Kingsoft Office is a good choice for Linux platform. +Kingsoft Office 一套办公套件，支持多个平台，包括Windows, Linux, iOS 和 Android。它包含三个组件：Writer（WPS文字）用来文字处理，Presentation（WPS演示）支持幻灯片，Spereadsheets（WPS表格）为电子表格。使用免费增值模式，其中基础版本是免费使用。比较其他的linux办公套件，如LibreOffice、 OpenOffice，最大优势在于，Kingsoft Office能最好的兼容微软的Office（译注：版权问题？了解下wps和Office的历史问题，可以得到一些结论）。因此如果你需要在windowns和linux平台间交互，Kingsoft office是一个很好的选择。 -### Install Kingsoft Office on CentOS, Fedora or RHEL ### -Download a RPM file for the [official site][1]. The official RPM package is available as a 32-bit version only, but you can install it on both 32-bit and 64-bit systems. +### CentOS, Fedora 或 RHEL中安装Kingsoft Office ### -Use yum command with "localinstall" option to install the RPM file. + +在[官方页面][1]下载RPM文件.官方RPM包只支持32位版本linux，但是你可以在64位中安装。 + +需要使用yum命令并用"localinstall"选项来本地安装这个RPM包 $ sudo yum localinstall kingsoft-office-9.1.0.4244-0.1.a12p3.i686.rpm -Note that do NOT use rpm command to install it. Otherwise, you will get unmet dependency errors, which are not easy to solve manually: +注意不要使用rpm命令安装。否者，你会得到依赖错误，而且很难解决： - error: Failed dependencies: + 错误: 依赖失败: libICE.so.6 is needed by kingsoft-office-9.1.0.4244-0.1.a12p3.i686 libSM.so.6 is needed by kingsoft-office-9.1.0.4244-0.1.a12p3.i686 libX11.so.6 is needed by kingsoft-office-9.1.0.4244-0.1.a12p3.i686 @@ -24,44 +24,46 @@ Note that do NOT use rpm command to install it. Otherwise, you will get unmet de libXrender.so.1 is needed by kingsoft-office-9.1.0.4244-0.1.a12p3.i686 libc.so.6 is needed by kingsoft-office-9.1.0.4244-0.1.a12p3.i686 -Red Hat based distributions have multilib support. If the RPM package you are trying to install is 32-bit and has 32-bit library dependencies, a better way is to use yum to install it as shown above. As long as the RPM is properily built with all dependency information, yum should be able to install it using yum repositories. +基于Red Hat的发行版有多重库支持。如果你要想安装的RPM包是32位的并有32位库依赖（你的系统是64位的），一个很好的解决方法就是使用yum来安装。只要RPM在构建时候已经添加所有依赖关系，yum就可以自动使用yum库解决依赖关系。 ![](https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8626/16040291445_ca62275064_c.jpg) -### Install Kingsoft Office on Debian, Ubuntu or Linux Mint ### +### Debian, Ubuntu 和 Linux Mint 中安装Kingsoft Office### -Download a DEB package from the [official site][2]. The official DEB package is available as a 32-bit version only, but you can install it on both 32-bit and 64-bit systems. +在[官方页面][1]下载DEB包。官方RPM包同样只支持32位版本linux，但是你可以在64位中安装。 -The DEB package has a set of dependencies to meet. Therefore use [gdebi][3] instead of dpkg command to automatically resolve dependencies. +DEB包同样遇到一堆依赖。因此使用[gdebi][3]命令来代替dpkg来自动解决依赖。 $ sudo apt-get install gdebi-core $ sudo gdebi kingsoft-office_9.1.0.4244~a12p3_i386.deb -### Launch Kingsoft Office ### +### 启动 Kingsoft Office ### -Once Kingsoft Office is installed, you can launch Witer, Presentation, and Spreadsheets from the desktop manager easily. +安装完成后，你就可以在桌面管理器轻松启动Witer（WPS文字）, Presentation（WPS演示）, and Spreadsheets（WPS表格），如下图 -On Ubuntu Unity: +Ubuntu Unity中: ![](https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8591/16039583702_632a49779f_z.jpg) -On GNOME: +GNOME桌面中: ![](https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8617/16039583622_4e7c1d8545_b.jpg) -Alternatively, you can also launch Kingsoft Office from the command line. +不但如此，你也可以在命令行中启动Kingsoft Office -To launch Kingsoft Writer from the command line, use this command: +启动Wirter（WPS文字），使用这个命令： + + $ wps (译注：原文丢失此命令) ![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7525/16039583642_7202457899_c.jpg) -To launch Kingsoft Presentation from the command line, use this command: +启动Presentation（WPS演示），使用这个命令： $ wpp ![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7570/15420632223_4243cc99d9_c.jpg) -To launch Kingsoft Spreadsheets from the command line, use this command: +启动Spreadsheets（WPS表格），使用这个命令： $ et @@ -71,7 +73,7 @@ To launch Kingsoft Spreadsheets from the command line, use this command: via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/install-kingsoft-office-linux.html -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +译者：[Vic020/VicYu](http://www.vicyu.net) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 55be8f979ef92bcd893995ca0ed746b720c1ff62 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Vic___ Date: Tue, 30 Dec 2014 22:49:59 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 5/8] Moved --- ... FAQs with Answers--How to install Kingsoft Office on Linux.md | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename {sources => translated}/tech/20141224 Linux FAQs with Answers--How to install Kingsoft Office on Linux.md (100%) diff --git a/sources/tech/20141224 Linux FAQs with Answers--How to install Kingsoft Office on Linux.md b/translated/tech/20141224 Linux FAQs with Answers--How to install Kingsoft Office on Linux.md similarity index 100% rename from sources/tech/20141224 Linux FAQs with Answers--How to install Kingsoft Office on Linux.md rename to translated/tech/20141224 Linux FAQs with Answers--How to install Kingsoft Office on Linux.md From 82ac18e7e6a8f9a3109911533dcd4c3a2edc54dc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Wed, 31 Dec 2014 07:52:28 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 6/8] Update 20141224 Calife--A lightweight alternative to sudo.md --- .../20141224 Calife--A lightweight alternative to sudo.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/share/20141224 Calife--A lightweight alternative to sudo.md b/sources/share/20141224 Calife--A lightweight alternative to sudo.md index 194ac043cb..71ec22aa91 100644 --- a/sources/share/20141224 Calife--A lightweight alternative to sudo.md +++ b/sources/share/20141224 Calife--A lightweight alternative to sudo.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +Translating by GOLinux! Calife – A lightweight alternative to sudo ================================================================================ Calife requests user's own password for becoming login (or root, if no login is provided), and switches to that user and group ID after verifying proper rights to do so. A shell is then executed. If calife is executed by root, no password is requested and a shell with the appropriate user ID is executed. @@ -67,4 +68,4 @@ via: http://www.ubuntugeek.com/calife-a-lightweight-alternative-to-sudo.html [17]: [18]: [19]: -[20]: \ No newline at end of file +[20]: From 3b192a8aed6bd8c77da5f692b6d60f68e478eea9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: GOLinux Date: Wed, 31 Dec 2014 08:27:07 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 7/8] [Translated] 20141224 Calife--A lightweight alternative to sudo.md --- ...life--A lightweight alternative to sudo.md | 71 ------------------ ...life--A lightweight alternative to sudo.md | 75 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 75 insertions(+), 71 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/share/20141224 Calife--A lightweight alternative to sudo.md create mode 100644 translated/share/20141224 Calife--A lightweight alternative to sudo.md diff --git a/sources/share/20141224 Calife--A lightweight alternative to sudo.md b/sources/share/20141224 Calife--A lightweight alternative to sudo.md deleted file mode 100644 index 71ec22aa91..0000000000 --- a/sources/share/20141224 Calife--A lightweight alternative to sudo.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,71 +0,0 @@ -Translating by GOLinux! -Calife – A lightweight alternative to sudo -================================================================================ -Calife requests user's own password for becoming login (or root, if no login is provided), and switches to that user and group ID after verifying proper rights to do so. A shell is then executed. If calife is executed by root, no password is requested and a shell with the appropriate user ID is executed. - -The invoked shell is the user's own except when a shell is specified in the configuration file calife.auth. - -If "-" is specified on the command line, user's profile files are read as if it was a login shell. - -This is not the traditional behavior of su. - -Only users specified in calife.auth can use calife to become another one with this method. - -calife.auth is installed as /etc/calife.auth - -### Calife Features ### - -Here is an extensive list of features: - -you keep your environment variables and shell aliases intact -it has start and end of session logging -you can have a list of all permitted logins for each calife user. That way, you can give a user newsmaster’s rights without giving out the root password -you can specify a group in the configuration file instead of the logins of all administrators: Juste use @staff or %staff and all members of the staff group will have access to calife -calife can also be used to become users even if they have no home directory or even no shell. That’s very practical if you want to become uucp or even bin -you can make calife runs a specific system-wide script at the end of the session (to send a mailabout what was done as root for example) - -### Install calife in ubuntu ### - -Open the terminal and run the following command - - sudo apt-get install calife - -### Using Calife ### - -### Syntax ### - - calife [-] [login] - -Check calife manpage for more details - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.ubuntugeek.com/calife-a-lightweight-alternative-to-sudo.html - -作者：[ruchi][a] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]:http://www.ubuntugeek.com/author/ubuntufix -[1]: -[2]: -[3]: -[4]: -[5]: -[6]: -[7]: -[8]: -[9]: -[10]: -[11]: -[12]: -[13]: -[14]: -[15]: -[16]: -[17]: -[18]: -[19]: -[20]: diff --git a/translated/share/20141224 Calife--A lightweight alternative to sudo.md b/translated/share/20141224 Calife--A lightweight alternative to sudo.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b373116450 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/share/20141224 Calife--A lightweight alternative to sudo.md @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +Calife —— 一个轻量级的sudo替代方案 +================================================================================ +Calife要求用户用户以自己的密码登录（或者root，如果没有提供登录），在验证具有正确的权限后，就会切换到该用户以及组身份，然后就会执行一个shell。如果calife是由root执行的，不需要密码，一个具有恰当用户ID的shell就会被执行。 + +唤醒的shell是用户自身的，除非在calife.auth配置文件中指定了某个shell。 + +如果在命令行指定了“-”选项，就会读取该用户的环境文件，该shell就像是一个登陆shell。 + +这不是su的惯用操作。 + +只有在calife.auth中指定的用户才能使用此方法通过calife成为另外一个用户。 + +calife.auth安装位置处于/etc/calife.auth。 + +### Calife特性 ### + +这里给出了一个关于calife特性的扩展列表： + +你可以完整保留环境变量和shell别名 + +它可以全程记录会话开始到结束 + +你可以为每个calife用户许可的登录制作列表，那样，你就可以用户赋予主管权限而不必提供root密码 + +你可以在配置文件中指定一个组来取代所有管理员登录：只要使用@staff或者%staff，那么所有staff组中的成员都将具有访问calife的权限 + +calife也可以成为那些没有家目录或甚至没有shell的用户。如果你想要成为uucp或者甚至是bin，那会很实用 + +你可以让calife在会话结束时运行一个指定的系统范围的脚本（例如，发送一封邮件告知以root身份做了哪些事） + +### ubuntu中安装calife ### + +打开终端，然后运行以下命令 + + sudo apt-get install calife + +### 使用Calife ### + +### 语法 ### + + calife [-] [login] + +详情请参与calife手册页 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.ubuntugeek.com/calife-a-lightweight-alternative-to-sudo.html + +作者：[ruchi][a] +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:http://www.ubuntugeek.com/author/ubuntufix +[1]: +[2]: +[3]: +[4]: +[5]: +[6]: +[7]: +[8]: +[9]: +[10]: +[11]: +[12]: +[13]: +[14]: +[15]: +[16]: +[17]: +[18]: +[19]: +[20]: From c8c5ad2a21321caa97514360dcad50eb42db48e2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: H-mudcup Date: Wed, 31 Dec 2014 10:43:45 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 8/8] Update 20141226 The Good The Bad And The Ugly Of Linux In 2014.md Translating by H-mudcup --- .../20141226 The Good The Bad And The Ugly Of Linux In 2014.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/20141226 The Good The Bad And The Ugly Of Linux In 2014.md b/sources/talk/20141226 The Good The Bad And The Ugly Of Linux In 2014.md index 25c0368731..d55b0bc218 100644 --- a/sources/talk/20141226 The Good The Bad And The Ugly Of Linux In 2014.md +++ b/sources/talk/20141226 The Good The Bad And The Ugly Of Linux In 2014.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +Translating by H-mudcup The Good, The Bad And The Ugly Of Linux In 2014 ================================================================================ ![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Buggest_Linux_Stories.jpeg) @@ -97,4 +98,4 @@ via: http://itsfoss.com/biggest-linux-stories-2014/ [16]:http://thenewstack.io/microsoft-professes-love-for-linux-adds-support-for-coreos-cloudera-and-host-of-new-features/ [17]:http://www.theregister.co.uk/2001/06/02/ballmer_linux_is_a_cancer/ [18]:http://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/ -[19]:http://www.zdnet.com/article/top-five-linux-contributor-microsoft/ \ No newline at end of file +[19]:http://www.zdnet.com/article/top-five-linux-contributor-microsoft/