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[#]: subject: "How ODT files are structured"
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/8/odt-files"
[#]: author: "Jim Hall https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: "toknow-gh"
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
How ODT files are structured
======
Because OpenDocument Format (ODF) are based on open standards, you can use other tools to examine them and even extract data from them. You just need to know where to start.
Word processing files used to be closed, proprietary formats. In some older word processors, the document file was essentially a memory dump from the word processor. While this made for faster loading of the document into the word processor, it also made the document file format an opaque mess.
Around 2005, the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) group defined an open format for office documents of all types, the Open Document Format for Office Applications (ODF). You may also see ODF referred to as simply "OpenDocument Format" because it is an open standard based on the [OpenOffice.org's][4] XML file specification. ODF includes several file types, including ODT for OpenDocument Text documents. There's a lot to explore in an ODT file, and it starts with a zip file.
### Zip structure
Like all ODF files, ODT is actually an XML document and other files wrapped in a zip file container. Using zip means files take less room on disk, but it also means you can use standard zip tools to examine an ODF file.
I have an article about IT leadership called "Nibbled to death by ducks" that I saved as an ODT file. Since this is an ODF file, which is a zip file container, you can use unzip from the command line to examine it:
```
$ unzip -l 'Nibbled to death by ducks.odt'
Archive: Nibbled to death by ducks.odt
Length Date Time Name
39 07-15-2022 22:18 mimetype
12713 07-15-2022 22:18 Thumbnails/thumbnail.png
915001 07-15-2022 22:18 Pictures/10000201000004500000026DBF6636B0B9352031.png
10879 07-15-2022 22:18 content.xml
20048 07-15-2022 22:18 styles.xml
9576 07-15-2022 22:18 settings.xml
757 07-15-2022 22:18 meta.xml
260 07-15-2022 22:18 manifest.rdf
0 07-15-2022 22:18 Configurations2/accelerator/
0 07-15-2022 22:18 Configurations2/toolpanel/
0 07-15-2022 22:18 Configurations2/statusbar/
0 07-15-2022 22:18 Configurations2/progressbar/
0 07-15-2022 22:18 Configurations2/toolbar/
0 07-15-2022 22:18 Configurations2/popupmenu/
0 07-15-2022 22:18 Configurations2/floater/
0 07-15-2022 22:18 Configurations2/menubar/
1192 07-15-2022 22:18 META-INF/manifest.xml
970465 17 files
```
I want to highlight a few elements of the zip file structure:
1. The `mimetype` file contains a single line that defines the ODF document. Programs that process ODT files, such as a word processor, can use this file to verify the `MIME` type of the document. For an ODT file, this should always be:
```
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text
```
1. The `META-INF` directory has a single `manifest.xml` file in it. This file contains all the information about where to find other components of the ODT file. Any program that reads ODT files starts with this file to locate everything else. For example, the `manifest.xml` file for my ODT document contains this line that defines where to find the main content:
```
<manifest:file-entry manifest:full-path="content.xml" manifest:media-type="text/xml"/>
```
1. The `content.xml` file contains the actual content of the document.
2. My document includes a single screenshot, which is contained in the `Pictures` directory.
### Extracting files from an ODT file
Because the ODT document is just a zip file with a specific structure to it, you can extract files from it. You can start by unzipping the entire ODT file, such as with this unzip command:
```
$ unzip -q 'Nibbled to death by ducks.odt' -d Nibbled
```
A colleague recently asked for a copy of the image that I included in my article. I was able to locate the exact location of any embedded image by looking in the `META-INF/manifest.xml` file. The `grep` command can display any lines that describe an image:
```
$ cd Nibbled
$ grep image META-INF/manifest.xml
<manifest:file-entry manifest:full-path="Thumbnails/thumbnail.png" manifest:media-type="image/png"/>
<manifest:file-entry manifest:full-path="Pictures/10000201000004500000026DBF6636B0B9352031.png" manifest:media-type=" image/png”/>
```
The image I'm looking for is saved in the `Pictures` folder. You can verify that by listing the contents of the directory:
```
$ ls -F
Configurations2/ manifest.rdf meta.xml Pictures/ styles.xml
content.xml META-INF/ mimetype settings.xml Thumbnails/
```
And here it is:
![Image of rubber ducks in two bowls][5]
Image by: (Jim Hall, CC BY-SA 40)
### OpenDocument Format
OpenDocument Format (ODF) files are an open file format that can describe word processing files (ODT), spreadsheet files (ODS), presentations (ODP), and other file types. Because ODF files are based on open standards, you can use other tools to examine them and even extract data from them. You just need to know where to start. All ODF files start with the `META-INF/manifest.xml` file, which is the "root" or "bootstrap" file for the rest of the ODF file format. Once you know where to look, you can find the rest of the content.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/22/8/odt-files
作者：[Jim Hall][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/coffee_tea_laptop_computer_work_desk.png
[2]: https://unsplash.com/@jonasleupe?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText
[3]: https://unsplash.com/s/photos/tea-cup-computer?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText
[4]: http://OpenOffice.org
[5]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-07/ducks.png

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[#]: subject: "How ODT files are structured"
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/8/odt-files"
[#]: author: "Jim Hall https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: "toknow-gh"
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
ODT 文件格式简介
======
ODF 格式基于开放标准，你可以使用其它工具检查它们，甚至从中提取数据。你只需要知道从哪里开始。
文字处理文件过去是封闭的专有格式。在一些较旧的文字处理程序中，文档文件本质上是软件的内存转储。虽然这样可以让加载文件更快，但也使文档文件格式变得不透明。
2005 年左右，<ruby>结构化信息标准促进组织<rt> Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards</rt></ruby>（OASIS）为所有类型的办公文档定义了一种开放格式，即办公应用程序<ruby>开放文档格式<rt>Open Document Format</rt></ruby>(ODF)。你也可以将 ODF 称为“OpenDocument Format”，因为它是基于[OpenOffice.org][4] 的 XML 文件规范制定的。ODF 包括几种文件类型，包括用于 OpenDocument Text 文档的 ODT。ODT 文件中有很多东西可以讲的，它的本质是一个 zip 文件。
### ODT 文件结构
跟所有 ODF 文件一样，ODT 文件实际上是一个 XML 文档和其它文件的 zip 压缩包。使用zip 可以占用更少的磁盘空间，同时也意味着可以用标准 zip 工具来检查它。
我有一篇关于 IT 领导力的文章，名为“Nibbled to death by ducks”，我将其保存为 ODT 文件。由于 ODF 文件是一个 zip 容器，你可以用 unzip 命令来检查它：
```
$ unzip -l 'Nibbled to death by ducks.odt'
Archive: Nibbled to death by ducks.odt
Length Date Time Name
39 07-15-2022 22:18 mimetype
12713 07-15-2022 22:18 Thumbnails/thumbnail.png
915001 07-15-2022 22:18 Pictures/10000201000004500000026DBF6636B0B9352031.png
10879 07-15-2022 22:18 content.xml
20048 07-15-2022 22:18 styles.xml
9576 07-15-2022 22:18 settings.xml
757 07-15-2022 22:18 meta.xml
260 07-15-2022 22:18 manifest.rdf
0 07-15-2022 22:18 Configurations2/accelerator/
0 07-15-2022 22:18 Configurations2/toolpanel/
0 07-15-2022 22:18 Configurations2/statusbar/
0 07-15-2022 22:18 Configurations2/progressbar/
0 07-15-2022 22:18 Configurations2/toolbar/
0 07-15-2022 22:18 Configurations2/popupmenu/
0 07-15-2022 22:18 Configurations2/floater/
0 07-15-2022 22:18 Configurations2/menubar/
1192 07-15-2022 22:18 META-INF/manifest.xml
970465 17 files
```
我想强调 zip 文件结构的以下几个元素：
1. `mimetype` 文件用于定义 ODF 文档。处理 ODT 文件的程序，如文字处理程序，可以使用该文件来验证文档的 MIME 类型。对于 ODT 文件，它应该总是：
```
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text
```
1. `META-INF` 目录中有一个 `manifest.xml` 文件。它包含查找 ODT 文件其它组件的所有信息。任何读取 ODT 文件的程序都从这个文件开始定位其它内容。例如，我的 ODT 文档的 `manifest.xml` 文件包含这一行，它定义了在哪里可以找到主要内容:
```
<manifest:file-entry manifest:full-path="content.xml" manifest:media-type="text/xml"/>
```
1. `content.xml` 文件包含文档的实际内容。
2. 我的文档中只有一张截图，它位于 `Pictures` 目录中。
### 从 ODT 中提取文件
由于 ODT 文档是一个具有特定结构的 zip 文件，因此可以从中提取文件。你可以先解压缩整个 ODT 文件，例如使用 unzip 命令：
```
$ unzip -q 'Nibbled to death by ducks.odt' -d Nibbled
```
一位同事最近向我要了一份我在文章中提到的图片。通过查看 `META-INF/manifest.xml` 文件，我找到了嵌入图像的确切位置。用 `grep` 命令可以找到描述图像的行:
```
$ cd Nibbled
$ grep image META-INF/manifest.xml
<manifest:file-entry manifest:full-path="Thumbnails/thumbnail.png" manifest:media-type="image/png"/>
<manifest:file-entry manifest:full-path="Pictures/10000201000004500000026DBF6636B0B9352031.png" manifest:media-type=" image/png”/>
```
我要找的图像保存在 `Pictures` 文件夹中。可以通过列出目录的内容来验证：
```
$ ls -F
Configurations2/ manifest.rdf meta.xml Pictures/ styles.xml
content.xml META-INF/ mimetype settings.xml Thumbnails/
```
就是这张图片：
![Image of rubber ducks in two bowls][5]
Image by: (Jim Hall, CC BY-SA 40)
### 开放文档格式
ODF 是一种开放的文件格式，它可以描述文字处理文件（ODT）、电子表格文件（ODS）、演示文稿（ODP）和其它文件类型。由于 ODF 格式基于开放标准，因此可以使用其他工具检查它们，甚至从中提取数据。你只需要知道从哪里开始。所有 ODF 文件都以 `META-INF/manifest.xml` 为“引导”文件，通过它你能找到其余的所有内容。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/22/8/odt-files
作者：[Jim Hall][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[toknow-gh](https://github.com/toknow-gh)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/coffee_tea_laptop_computer_work_desk.png
[2]: https://unsplash.com/@jonasleupe?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText
[3]: https://unsplash.com/s/photos/tea-cup-computer?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText
[4]: http://OpenOffice.org
[5]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-07/ducks.png