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translating by dianbanjiu The alias And unalias Commands Explained With Examples
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======
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You may forget the complex and lengthy Linux commands after certain period of time unless you’re a heavy command line user. Sure, there are a few ways to [**recall the forgotten commands**][1]. You could simply [**save the frequently used commands**][2] and use them on demand. Also, you can [**bookmark the important commands**][3] in your Terminal and use whenever you want. And, of course there is already a built-in **“history”** command available to help you to remember the commands. Another easiest way to remember such long commands is to simply create an alias (shortcut) to them. Not just long commands, you can create alias to any frequently used Linux commands for easier repeated invocation. By this approach, you don’t need to memorize those commands anymore. In this guide, we are going to learn about **alias** and **unalias** commands with examples in Linux.
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### The alias command
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The **alias** command is used to run any command or set of commands (inclusive of many options, arguments) with a user-defined string. The string could be a simple name or abbreviations for the commands regardless of how complex the original commands are. You can use the aliases as the way you use the normal Linux commands. The alias command comes preinstalled in shells, including BASH, Csh, Ksh and Zsh etc.
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The general syntax of alias command is:
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```
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alias [alias-name[=string]...]
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```
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Let us go ahead and see some examples.
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**List aliases**
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You might already have aliases in your system. Some applications may create the aliases automatically when you install them. To view the list of existing aliases, run:
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```
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$ alias
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```
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or,
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```
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$ alias -p
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```
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I have the following aliases in my Arch Linux system.
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```
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alias betty='/home/sk/betty/main.rb'
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alias ls='ls --color=auto'
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alias pbcopy='xclip -selection clipboard'
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alias pbpaste='xclip -selection clipboard -o'
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alias update='newsbeuter -r && sudo pacman -Syu'
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```
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**Create a new alias**
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Like I already said, you don’t need to memorize the lengthy and complex commands. You don’t even need to run long commands over and over. Just create an alias to the command with easily recognizable name and run it whenever you want. Let us say, you want to use this command often.
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```
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$ du -h --max-depth=1 | sort -hr
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```
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This command finds which sub-directories consume how much disk size in the current working directory. This command is bit long. Instead of remembering the whole command, we can easily create an alias like below:
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```
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$ alias du='du -h --max-depth=1 | sort -hr'
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```
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Here, **du** is the alias name. You can use any name to the alias to easily remember it later.
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You can either use single or double quotes when creating an alias. It makes no difference.
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Now you can just run the alias (i.e **du** in our case) instead of the full command. Both will produce the same result.
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The aliases will expire with the current shell session. They will be gone once you log out of the current session. In order to make the aliases permanent, you need to add them in your shell’s configuration file.
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On BASH shell, edit **~/.bashrc** file:
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```
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$ nano ~/.bashrc
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```
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Add the aliases one by one:
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Save and quit the file. Then, update the changes by running the following command:
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```
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$ source ~/.bashrc
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```
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Now, the aliases are persistent across sessions.
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On ZSH, you need to add the aliases in **~/.zshrc** file. Similarly, add your aliases in **~/.config/fish/config.fish** file if you use Fish shell.
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**Viewing a specific aliased command**
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As I mentioned earlier, you can view the list of all aliases in your system using ‘alias’ command. If you want to view the command associated with a given alias, for example ‘du’, just run:
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```
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$ alias du
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alias du='du -h --max-depth=1 | sort -hr'
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```
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As you can see, the above command display the command associated with the word ‘du’.
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For more details about alias command, refer the man pages:
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```
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$ man alias
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```
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### The unalias command
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As the name says, the **unalias** command simply removes the aliases in your system. The typical syntax of unalias command is:
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```
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unalias <alias-name>
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```
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To remove an aliased command, for example ‘du’ which we created earlier, simply run:
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```
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$ unalias du
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```
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The unalias command not only removes the alias from the current session, but also remove them permanently from your shell’s configuration file.
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Another way to remove an alias is to create a new alias with same name.
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To remove all aliases from the current session, use **-a** flag:
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```
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$ unalias -a
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```
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For more details, refer man pages.
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```
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$ man unalias
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```
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Creating aliases to complex and lengthy commands will save you some time if you run those commands over and over. Now it is your time to create aliases the frequently used commands.
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And, that’s all for now. Hope this helps. More good stuffs to come. Stay tuned!
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Cheers!
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.ostechnix.com/the-alias-and-unalias-commands-explained-with-examples/
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作者：[SK][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.ostechnix.com/easily-recall-forgotten-linux-commands/
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[2]: https://www.ostechnix.com/save-commands-terminal-use-demand/
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[3]: https://www.ostechnix.com/bookmark-linux-commands-easier-repeated-invocation/
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@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
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举例说明 alias 和 unalias 命令
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======
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如果不是一个深度的命令行用户的话，你可能已经忘记了这些复杂且冗长的 Linux 命令了。当然，有很多方法可以让你 [**回想起遗忘的命令**][1]。你可以简单的 [**保存常用的命令**][2] 然后按需使用。也可以在终端里 [**标记重要的命令**][3]，然后在任何时候你想要的时间使用它们。而且，Linux 有一个内建命令 **history** 可以帮助你记忆这些命令。另外一个最简便的方式就是为这些命令创建一个别名。你可以为任何经常重复调用的常用命令创建别名，而不仅仅是长命令。通过这种方法，你不必再过多地记忆这些命令。这篇文章中，我们将会在 Linux 环境下举例说明 **alias** 和 **unalias** 命令。
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### alias 命令
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**alias** 使用一个用户自定义的字符串来代替一个或者一串命令（包括多个选项，参数）。这个字符串可以是一个简单的名字或者缩写，不管这个命令原来多么复杂。alias 命令已经预装在 shell（包括 BASH，Csh，Ksh 和 Zsh 等） 当中。
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alias 的通用语法是：
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```
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alias [alias-name[=string]...]
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```
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接下来看几个例子。
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**列出别名**
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可能在你的系统中已经设置了一些别名。有些应用在你安装它们的时候可能已经自动创建了别名。要查看已经存在的别名，运行：
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```
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$ alias
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```
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或者，
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```
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$ alias -p
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```
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在我的 Arch Linux 系统中已经设置了下面这些别名。
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```
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alias betty='/home/sk/betty/main.rb'
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alias ls='ls --color=auto'
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alias pbcopy='xclip -selection clipboard'
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alias pbpaste='xclip -selection clipboard -o'
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alias update='newsbeuter -r && sudo pacman -Syu'
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```
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**创建一个新的别名**
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像我之前说的，你不必去记忆这些又臭又长的命令。你甚至不必一遍一遍的运行长命令。只需要为这些命令创建一个简单易懂的别名，然后在任何你想使用的时候运行这些别名就可以了。这种方式会让你爱上命令行。
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```
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$ du -h --max-depth=1 | sort -hr
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```
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这个命令将会查找当前工作目录下的各个子目录占用的磁盘大小，并按照从大到小的顺序进行排序。这个命令有点长。我们可以像下面这样轻易地为其创建一个 别名：
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```
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$ alias du='du -h --max-depth=1 | sort -hr'
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```
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这里的 **du** 就是这条命令的别名。这个别名可以被设置为任何名字，主要便于记忆和区别。
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在创建一个别名的时候，使用单引号或者双引号都是可以的。这两种方法最后的结果没有任何区别。
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现在你可以运行这个别名（例如我们这个例子中的 **du** ）。它和上面的原命令将会产生相同的结果。
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这个别名仅限于当前 shell 会话中。一旦你退出了当前 shell 会话，别名也就失效了。为了让这些别名长久有效，你需要把它们添加到你 shell 的配置文件当中。
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BASH，编辑 **~/.bashrc** 文件：
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```
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$ nano ~/.bashrc
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```
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一行添加一个别名：
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保存并退出这个文件。然后运行以下命令更新修改：
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```
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$ source ~/.bashrc
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```
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现在，这些别名在所有会话中都可以永久使用了。
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ZSH，你需要添加这些别名到 **~/.zshrc**文件中。
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Fish，跟上面的类似，添加这些别名到 **~/.config/fish/config.fish** 文件中。
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**查看某个特定的命令别名**
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像我上面提到的，你可以使用 ‘alias’ 命令列出你系统中所有的别名。如果你想查看跟给定的别名有关的命令，例如 ‘du’，只需要运行：
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```
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$ alias du
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alias du='du -h --max-depth=1 | sort -hr'
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```
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像你看到的那样，上面的命令可以显示与单词 ‘du’ 有关的命令。
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关于 别名 命令更多的细节，参阅 man 手册页：
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```
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$ man alias
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```
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### unalias 命令
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跟它的名字说的一样，**unalias** 命令可以很轻松地从你的系统当中移除别名。unalias 命令的通用语法是：
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```
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unalias <alias-name>
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```
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要移除命令的别名，像我们之前创建的 ‘du’，只需要运行：
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```
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$ unalias du
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```
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unalias 命令不仅会从当前会话中移除别名，也会从你的 shell 配置文件中永久地移除别名。
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还有一种移除别名的方法，是创建具有相同名称的新别名。
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要从当前会话中移除所有的别名，使用 **-a** 选项：
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```
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$ unalias -a
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```
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更多细节，参阅 man 手册页。
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```
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$ man unalias
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```
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如果你经常一遍又一遍的运行这些繁杂又冗长的命令，给它们创建别名可以节省你的时间。现在是你为常用命令创建别名的时候了。
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这就是所有的内容了。希望可以帮到你。还有更多的干货即将到来，敬请期待！
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祝近祺！
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.ostechnix.com/the-alias-and-unalias-commands-explained-with-examples/
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作者：[SK][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[dianbanjiu](https://github.com/dianbanjiu)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
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||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.ostechnix.com/easily-recall-forgotten-linux-commands/
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[2]: https://www.ostechnix.com/save-commands-terminal-use-demand/
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[3]: https://www.ostechnix.com/bookmark-linux-commands-easier-repeated-invocation/
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