mirror of
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synced 2024-12-26 21:30:55 +08:00
Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
This commit is contained in:
runningwater
commit
9fc122f927
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||||
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新的系统状态区
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旧的系统状态区
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
旧的系统状态区
|
||||
新的系统状态区
|
||||
|
||||
新系统状态区不仅仅是统一了所有的面板菜单，而且它也将仅显示你所关注的主要信息。用鼠标点击，你可以看到你的笔记本电脑的电量还能剩多少时间使用（也显示百分比）、连接无线宽带或者是WI-Fi、及调整音量和亮度。
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@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
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Daily Ubuntu Tips – Disable Ubuntu Lock Screen
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
When you’re new to Ubuntu, there are some things you wouldn’t know right away. These like changing your password, disabling features and creating new user account. One thing that new users often ask about when testing out Ubuntu is how to turn off the lock screen or stop Ubuntu screen from going dark.
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|
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These are easy tips for newbies. For Ubuntu power users, these tips are nothing new but this tutorial is not for power users. This is for new Ubuntu users only.
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu is designed to automatically lock itself after a few minutes automatically. You must always type your password to unlock it before using it again. If this is too much trouble for you, you may want to turn it off and this brief tutorial is going to show you how.
|
||||
|
||||
It is for security reason your computer locks itself. If you disable it or turn the feature off, your computer will never lock and anyone with physical access may be able to sign in and use it. If that doesn’t trouble you, then continue below to learn how.
|
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|
||||
To get started, sign into Ubuntu and click the Control Option (the icon at the very right of the menu bar) icon and select **System Settings**.
|
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Next,click Brightness & Lock icon from the system settings panel
|
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||||
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Finally, switch off the Lock Screen option.
|
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|
||||
|
||||
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||||
That’s it! To re-enable it, go back the switch it back on. It is a great feature and protects you. If you know your privacy or information won’t be at risk, then you can disable it.
|
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||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2013/09/daily-ubuntu-tips-disable-ubuntu-lock-screen/
|
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|
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
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|
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
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Linchenguang翻译中
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Daily Ubuntu Tips–Things To Do After Installing Ubuntu
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Many users from Windows find themselves stuck when starting out with Ubuntu. It’s a completely different from Windows and getting confortable with it may not be the easiest thing at first. Ubuntu is way different from Windows. The commands, the layout of the file system and application names are all foreign to many. But heck, we’re here to help.
|
||||
|
||||
If you’re coming from Windows or Mac OS X and want to learn Ubuntu, you’re in the right place. We try to help new users get started with Ubuntu. Our slogan here is “**Tutorials for newbies**”, which is rightly so.
|
||||
|
||||
Most of our tutorials are not for pros. They are for people who are just starting out with Windows and Ubuntu. So, for all your Ubuntu needs, keep coming back.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, back to the topic. One of our readers asked us this question few days ago.
|
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|
||||
> What should you do first after installing Ubuntu?
|
||||
|
||||
Simple. When you first install Ubuntu, there are many things you may want to get started with. But the most important thing is to get it right. Don’t worry about the difficult things, those you’ll learn later.
|
||||
|
||||
Here are the first few things you’ll want do after installing Ubuntu. There might be more, but these are important.
|
||||
|
||||
- Update your system – The very first thing is to update your system. Updating allows you to install newer packages and install fixes for other programs. The commands below will show you how to properly update your system when using Ubuntu.
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade && sudo apt-get autoremove
|
||||
|
||||
- Another thing to do right after installing Ubuntu is to run the below command. This command helps you install codecs or packages that were left out of Ubuntu for legal reasons. Ubuntu comes without these important programs and they are very useful. Without them you may not be able to listen to music, watch movies and do other things. So, if you installed Ubuntu and can’t play some DVDs or listen to music CDs, then run the commands below.
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras
|
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|
||||
The commands above are not the only commands you’ll run in Ubuntu, but they are few of the first you should run after installing Ubuntu. I hope this helps.
|
||||
|
||||
Enjoy!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2013/10/daily-ubuntu-tipsthings-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
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|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
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crowner翻译
|
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FreeBSD 10.0 Beta 1 Available for Download and Testing
|
||||
================================================================================
|
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**FreeBSD 10.0 Beta 1, an operating system for x86, ARM, IA-64, PowerPC, PC-98, and UltraSPARC architectures, has been released and it's now available for download and testing.**
|
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@ -30,4 +31,4 @@ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/FreeBSD-10-0-Beta-1-Available-for-Download-a
|
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|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2013-October/045524.html
|
||||
[1]:http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2013-October/045524.html
|
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|
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93
sources/Interview with Ding Zhou of Ubuntu Tweak.md
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93
sources/Interview with Ding Zhou of Ubuntu Tweak.md
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@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
|
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Interview with Ding Zhou of Ubuntu Tweak
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
[Ubuntu tweak][1] is a well known application which allows Ubuntu users to tweak various aspects of their system. The founder of the project, Ding Zhou aka Tualatrix Chou, is talking to us about the nature and the usability of Ubuntu Tweak, the relation with Canonical and the future plans of the project. Enjoy
|
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|
||||
**When did you start using linux and at what point did you decide to develop Ubuntu tweak?**
|
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|
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I started using Linux when I just started my college life at late 2006. I was learning C programming then, a friend recommended that Linux is a great platform to learn programming. So I started my Linux life from the Fedora Core 6. But after just one week I switched to Ubuntu 6.10, because Ubuntu had a better community in China , and also had very good and fast repositories/mirrors. I fall in love with Ubuntu immediately, and switched from Windows in just one week.
|
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||||
After half years’ both happy and hard time with Ubuntu, I realized that Ubuntu was not so friendly for Chinese people, because after a fresh installation, people had to config the font, input method and many others. So I decided to develop an application to help the newbies to easily config Ubuntu.
|
||||
|
||||
So at July 2007, I started to develop Ubuntu Tweak. At that point, only for Chinese people, but soon I made Ubuntu Tweak be an international application and released its first version at Sep 2007
|
||||
|
||||
**Ubuntu tweak is already a very successful project. Many Ubuntu users use it to tweak various aspects of their system. Tell us a few words about what Ubuntu Tweak can do.**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu Tweak can be used to toggle the desktop icon display, set the fonts, enable/disable the user switch, logo.
|
||||
|
||||
In the latest version of Ubuntu Tweak (0.6), you can also use it to tweak your Unity desktop.ut and shutdown functions.
|
||||
|
||||
You can also use Ubuntu Tweak to cleanup system cruft to free space and make system clean.
|
||||
|
||||
**Canonical decides not to include Ubuntu Tweak in their distro by default. What does that mean? Is there some kind of risk for inexperienced users who want to tweak their system using your application?**
|
||||
|
||||
That’s right. Because in the previous version of Ubuntu Tweak, it provided a feature to enable the popular PPA, I wasn’t able to ensure all the PPA were safe, so Ubuntu Tweak had some security risks.
|
||||
|
||||
As you see, Source Center has been removed since 0.6. But please don’t mix the “include default by Ubuntu” and “put into the repository”, Ubuntu Tweak first should be put into the universal repository, then can be included by default in Ubuntu.
|
||||
|
||||
From the bug reports and user feedback, Ubuntu Tweak has became a lot more stable and easy to use than the old versions.
|
||||
|
||||
**What kind of support or collaboration (if any) you have from/with Canonical and the Ubuntu developers?**
|
||||
|
||||
Of course I received some help from the company, they helped me try to put Ubuntu Tweak into repository. It is still a work in progress.
|
||||
|
||||
I also received a lot of help from community, people help to translate, design, test and report bugs, and some of them even submitted patch for it.
|
||||
|
||||
**How many people are involved in the development of Ubuntu Tweak?**
|
||||
|
||||
If you say “programmer”, I’m the only one. But we have designers: the logo was designed by M.Sharp, Kevin Chou helped to design the mockup UI of Ubuntu Tweak, it became the 0.6. And currently Jeonkwan Chan are helping me polish the UI, it will become 0.7. Anyone can be involved in the development of Ubuntu Tweak, if they like :)
|
||||
|
||||
**When Unity came out on 11.04, a lot of Ubuntu users complained about the lack of configurability. What is your opinion on that, and what are the adaptability-configurability that this particular desktop environment can have?**
|
||||
|
||||
I’d like a desktop to have adaptability-configurability, that’s the advantage of Linux, isn’t it?
|
||||
|
||||
For example, I don’t like the auto-hide feature of Unity Launcher, so I set it to never hide.
|
||||
|
||||
Actually, Unity is configurable, the only thing that Unity is missing (through the ccsm) is that you can’t place Launcher to bottom or right – that’s maybe unfriendly for the left-handedness. Hah, just a joke.
|
||||
|
||||
As you can see, Ubuntu 12.04 has already added the hide/show toggle, Launcher size setting in system settings, I think Unity will be more configurable in the future.
|
||||
|
||||
**In general, do you think that the development of the Unity desktop environment was the right decision for Canonical? Was it something inevitable because of the problematic collaboration they had with the Gnome developers?**
|
||||
|
||||
Yes, I think it’s the right decision for Canonical. If you look back three years, when Ubuntu first introduced the Indicator for GNOME Panel, it was a better design than the original GNOME Panel applet. But there’s some problematic collaboration between Canonical and GNOME Developers, so it has never landed in GNOME, until in GNOME 3, the GNOME Shell itself removed the GNOME Panel, and the design of GNOME Shell panel is almost the same as that of the Indicator. If they could share the same API, the desktop Linux world would be better.
|
||||
|
||||
So, between the company, community and GNOME, the different opinions for user interface finally made the Unity desktop out.
|
||||
|
||||
I think it’s a good thing, at least I like Unity more than GNOME Shell right now.
|
||||
|
||||
**Although you are developing an Ubuntu specialized application, I suppose you are using another distro for more advanced users. What is your distro of choice and why?**
|
||||
|
||||
Of course, I had played with Fedora, Arch, OpenSUSE, especially with Gentoo, I had been using it for one year long. It’s my second favourite Linux distribution, because it has one of the most advanced package management systems.
|
||||
|
||||
But now I only use Ubuntu for desktop and server, I also use Mac OS X. I got many design inspiration from it :)
|
||||
|
||||
**Can Ubuntu Tweak, be tweaked or forked or changed a little bit, in order to become useful in other linux distributions like Fedora, or OpenSuse, or Debian? Is the idea of a “Linux Tweak” application that people would choose distro and desktop environment plausible or not?**
|
||||
|
||||
Yes, Ubuntu Tweak can be easily adapted to be used under other distributions. Ubuntu Tweak is modular and very easy to hack.
|
||||
|
||||
In 2008, I released an “Ubuntu Tweak for Fedora”, but finally I gave up the maintenance of this version cause I should keep focus on Ubuntu, and I also don’t have that much energy.
|
||||
|
||||
**So what is the future of Ubuntu Tweak? Maybe Canonical will embrace it making it a default part of their distro, or they could use it to base their own tweaking tool. What do you think and what will be your next steps?**
|
||||
|
||||
Of course the future of Ubuntu Tweak will be bright. Hah.
|
||||
|
||||
I have already started the process of putting Ubuntu Tweak to the Software Center, it would be easier if users can install Ubuntu Tweak from the Software Center.
|
||||
|
||||
Now I’m focusing on developing the 0.7 version, It will be a better polished and well integrated version for Unity desktop than ever before, and it will also introduce some useful new features. I’d like to adapt Ubuntu Tweak to work better under Unity desktop as much as possible.
|
||||
|
||||
I plan to release the new version along with Ubuntu 12.04, hope everyone will like it :)
|
||||
|
||||
And one more thing to tell, I’ve already joined Canonical, in Beijing, and response for OEM things. Although Ubuntu Tweak is still a personal project and I’m not involved in the development of Ubuntu, I will try to move to the development team when possible :)
|
||||
|
||||
**That was great! Thanks Tualatrix.**
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/interview-with-ding-zhou-of-ubuntu-tweak/
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://ubuntu-tweak.com/
|
||||
@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
|
||||
小眼儿占坑！
|
||||
Linux only needs one 'killer' game to explode, says Battlefield director
|
||||
========================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
It would only take one "killer" game for the Linux platform to explode its way into mainstream gaming, DICE creative director Lars Gustavsson told Polygon, revealing that the development studio would "strongly" like to get into Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
"We strongly want to get into Linux for a reason," Gustavsson said. "It took Halo for the first Xbox to kick off and go crazy — usually, it takes one killer app or game and then people are more than willing [to adopt it] — it is not hard to get your hands on Linux, for example, it only takes one game that motivates you to go there."
|
||||
|
||||
"I think, even then, customers are getting more and more convenient, so you really need to convince them how can they marry it into their daily lives and make an integral part of their lives," he explained, sharing that the studio has used Linux servers because it was a "superior operating system to do so."
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Valve's recently announced Steam OS and Steam Machines are healthy for the console market, Gustavsson said when asked for his opinion on Valve's recent announcements. He believes the products will open up the market to explore new, and perhaps better, ways of consuming games.
|
||||
|
||||
"Basically for different ways of accessing customers and giving them possibilities of play, I think it is super exciting," he said. "The only thing I know is that from five or ten years from now gaming and especially how you consume it won't look like it does today. I do think with streaming services and new input devices and so on, it wouldn't surprise me if there is less need of hardware and more on demand gaming experience."
|
||||
|
||||
> WELL, WILL AAA TITLES SURVIVE? ARE THEY MAMMOTHS THAT DON'T KNOW THAT THEY ARE DEAD YET?
|
||||
|
||||
"I think, hopefully, competition usually means a better experience for the customer. Sometimes. You know, was the VHS tape better than BetaMax? VHS won," he continued. "So it does not always go in the right direction but overall I think it is healthy with competition. It is truly welcomed, so that we can have better games in the future."
|
||||
|
||||
The director believes that with its recent rise and success, indie game development is in a better position to cater for the Linux video game market despite its limited audience.
|
||||
|
||||
"With indie, for a long time, it seemed that it was only AAA title that will survive and then the explosion came with mobile and indie games," he said. "So I'm really happy to see that has swung back to where people say 'Well, will AAA titles survive? Are they mammoths that don't know that they are dead yet?'
|
||||
|
||||
"So, to me, I think that the possibilities are many and I think indies can build for Linux even though we don't have enormous audience," he said.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
With the impending launch of [Battlefield 4][1], DICE has spoken a lot about how it intends to smooth out the difficult learning curve and high point of entry seen in [Battlefield 3][2], Gustavsson said it hasn't forgotten about the hardcore gamers, rather the opposite: DICE has to continually rein itself in from going "too hardcore" when developing a Battlefield title.
|
||||
|
||||
"To be honest, our problem isn't to not think about the hardcore, rather, there are so many people like me doing Battlefield since '99 or at least 2000 that everyday we need to stop ourselves from going too hardcore, we really have to hold ourselves back," he explained when asked how DICE doesn't lose sight developing for experienced players when chiselling out the new features. "That is the natural gear that we have: the hardcore side. Then we need to remind ourselves that we need to make it for everyone."
|
||||
|
||||
While they have set out to make Battlefield 4 [more accessible][3] for newcomers, DICE also made it better for the veterans, hinting that perhaps some aspects the shooter is even too nuanced for the diehards. For example, Gustavsson mentioned the [new battle test range][4] that players of all skill levels can take advantage of.
|
||||
|
||||
> EVERYDAY WE NEED TO STOP OURSELVES FROM GOING TOO HARDCORE, WE REALLY HAVE TO HOLD OURSELVES BACK.
|
||||
|
||||
"Even though people have been playing Battlefield from the start, they choose not to fly because they don't feel safe," he said. "So it is not about losing sight of the hardcore. If you look at hardcore forums, there are so many times that you see 'I don't how this weapon works or this gadget' and then everyone tells each other. It is beautiful. It is just beautiful. But sometimes you feel that a game should be self explaining, it doesn't have to be more stupid."
|
||||
|
||||
A comparison tool for weapons and attachments has been introduced to help with the above example. "As, even I, who has made the game, had a hard time knowing which attachment did what for what weapon," Gustavsson said.
|
||||
|
||||
To cater for experienced Battlefield fans the game features an overhauled control system, reworked network code to remove latency and upped the number of players, to name a few. Battlefield 4 also introduces the hardcore [perma-death mode Diffuse][5] and a [Field Upgrade system][6] to [encourage][7] players to play together, along with the long-time community-demanded Spectator mode.
|
||||
|
||||
"Which, to be honest, I have been ashamed to going to shows and admitting once again that we don't have spectator mode," he said. "That's why I'm a bit taller and prouder this time around now that we do have it. With the next-generation of consoles, like sharing and broadcasting features, I'm really looking forward to seeing what the community comes up with."
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.polygon.com/2013/10/12/4826190/linux-only-needs-one-killer-game-to-explode-says-battlefield-director
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.polygon.com/game/battlefield-4/10364
|
||||
[2]:http://www.polygon.com/game/battlefield-3/1762
|
||||
[3]:http://www.polygon.com/2013/10/3/4798128/we-should-be-slapped-for-battlefield-3s-unlocks-says-dice-creative
|
||||
[4]:http://www.polygon.com/2013/9/4/4694158/battlefield-4-vehicle-test-range-server-options
|
||||
[5]:http://www.polygon.com/2013/9/26/4775632/battlefield-4s-multiplayer-modes-player-counts-detailed-by-dice
|
||||
[6]:http://www.polygon.com/2013/8/16/4627536/battlefield-4-kit-customization-field-upgrade-system-detailed
|
||||
[7]:http://www.polygon.com/2013/8/9/4607030/battlefield-4-will-encourage-but-never-force-team-play
|
||||
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||
翻译中
|
||||
Powerful chess application PyChess 0.12 BETA 4 released with new improvements
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
[PyChess][1] is a lovely enjoyable chess application presenting itself as an advanced manner of digesting chess activities, stressing one's brain and chess skills with intelligent computer opponents, while exposing its activities with user-friendly intuitive visuals and details.
|
||||
@ -23,4 +24,4 @@ via: http://iloveubuntu.net/powerful-chess-application-pychess-012-beta-4-releas
|
||||
[1]:http://pychess.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://iloveubuntu.net/powerful-chess-game-pychess-012-beta-3-released-numerous-new-features-and-improvements
|
||||
[3]:http://www.freechess.org/
|
||||
[4]:http://pychess.googlecode.com/files/pychess_0.12beta4-1_all.deb
|
||||
[4]:http://pychess.googlecode.com/files/pychess_0.12beta4-1_all.deb
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
||||
When open source invests in diversity, everyone wins
|
||||
l3b2w1 translating When open source invests in diversity, everyone wins
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
31
translated/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Disable Ubuntu Lock Screen.md
Normal file
31
translated/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Disable Ubuntu Lock Screen.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
|
||||
每日Ubuntu技巧 - 禁用Ubuntu的屏幕锁定
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
当您刚成为一名Ubuntu新用户时，有一些事情您还无法马上知道。例如，修改您的密码、禁用某些功能和创建新用户帐号。当新用户测试了Ubuntu之后，一个经常被他们问到的问题是如何关闭屏幕锁定或阻止Ubuntu屏幕逐渐变暗。
|
||||
|
||||
这里为Ubuntu新手准备了一些简单技巧。这些技巧对于Ubuntu老手而言毫无新意，当然，它们也不是为Ubuntu老手而准备的，它们仅供Ubuntu新手学习使用。
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu被设计成自动经过几分钟后就自行进行锁定，您必须输入您的密码来解锁才能再次使用它。如果这给您带来了太多的麻烦，那么您也许想要关闭这个自动锁屏功能，而这正是下面马上将要向您介绍的内容。
|
||||
|
||||
您计算机的自我锁定是出于安全的原因，如果您禁用或关闭了它，您的计算机将不再被锁定，任何可以物理接触到您计算机的人都可以登录并且使用它。如果对您而言，这不是什么大问题，那么继续下面学习具体如何来做。
|
||||
|
||||
首先，登录Ubuntu，点击控制选项（位于菜单栏的最右边的图标）图标并选择**系统设置**。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
接着，点击系统设置面板里的“亮度和锁屏”图标
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
最后，关闭“锁定屏幕选项”。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
禁用Ubuntu屏幕锁定的所有操作就是这些！如果您要重新开启它，那么再次点击“锁定屏幕选项”切换回去即可。屏幕锁定是一个很好的特性，可以保护您的计算机，但如果您知道您的隐私或信息不会有风险，那么您可以禁用它。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2013/09/daily-ubuntu-tips-disable-ubuntu-lock-screen/
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
|
||||
日常Ubuntu使用小技巧——安装Ubuntu后做什么
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
许多Windows用户开始使用Ubuntu时都感到束手无策。Ubuntu与Windows截然不同，想要轻松驾驭Ubuntu可不是一件简单的事情。Ubuntu的使用方式不同于Windows。许多用户对命令行、文件系统的布局和应用程序的名称都感到陌生。但是不用管那些，我们会提供帮助。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你以前是Windows或者Mac OS X用户现在想学Ubuntu，那你来对地方了。我们正努力帮助新用户开始Ubuntu之旅。我们的口号理所当然就是“**菜鸟教程**”。
|
||||
|
||||
我们的教程大多不是针对专业人士的，而是面向刚开始学习Windows和Ubuntu的新手。所以，为了你所有的Ubuntu需求，经常回来转转。.
|
||||
|
||||
好了，言归正传。几天前一个读者问了我们一个问题，如下：
|
||||
|
||||
> 安装好Ubuntu后首先要做什么？
|
||||
|
||||
很简单，第一次安装Ubuntu时，你可能有很多事情想做。但是最重要的是让它正常工作。不要担心遇到难题，这些你很快就会明白。
|
||||
|
||||
这里有一些安装好Ubuntu之后你最初想要做的事。可能你想做的比这还多，但这些是比较重要的。
|
||||
|
||||
- 更新系统 －首先更新你的系统。系统更新可以让你安装比较新的软件包和一些其它程序的修正。使用Ubuntu时你可以使用下面的命令正确地进行系统更新。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade && sudo apt-get autoremove
|
||||
|
||||
- 安装好Ubuntu后要做的另外一件事就是运行下面的命令。这条命令能帮助你安装编解码器和因法律原因而排除在Ubuntu外的软件包。Ubuntu并未预装这些比较重要的程序。而没有这些程序你可能无法听音乐、看电影或者做其它的事情。所以，如果你安装了Ubuntu但是不能播放DVD或者听音乐CD，那就运行下面的命令吧。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
以上这些命令并非你将在Ubuntu运行的全部的命令，但它们是安装好Ubuntu后你首先要运行的。希望这些能帮助到你。
|
||||
|
||||
使用愉快！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2013/10/daily-ubuntu-tipsthings-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Linchenguang](https://github.com/Linchenguang) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
|
||||
|
||||
“Linux想要屌丝逆袭？只需要一款杀手级游戏。”
|
||||
========================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Linux平台只需要一款杀手级游戏就能杀入主流游戏市场，DICE创意总监Lars Gustavsson如是告诉记者，他还透露，开发工作室其实“非常愿意”入驻Linux平台。
|
||||
|
||||
“我们之所以如此强烈想要入驻Linux，原因只有一个”，Gustavsson说，“就如同Xbox凭借着光晕(Halo）一举成功逆袭并使粉丝们为之疯狂 —— 通常，只需要一款杀手级应用或游戏，人们就更愿意去[适应新平台] —— 对于Linux来说，这并不难，例如，它只需要一款能吸引人们主动去玩的游戏而已。”
|
||||
|
||||
“我认为，即使这样，消费者正变得越来越挑剔，所以，我们必须说服他们如何才愿意玩某一款游戏，并将其作为日常生活的一部分，”他解释道，工作室目前已经开始使用Linux服务器，因为Linux在这方面本就是最佳选择。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
当被问道对Valve公司最近关于Steam操作系统和Steam主机的声明有何看法时，Gustavsson认为，这对游戏机市场来说非常有益，他相信相关产品会打开新的市场，拓展出消费游戏新的发展道路，也许比这更好。
|
||||
“基本上，通过各种方法获取消费者的青睐并给予他们娱乐的各种可能性，我认为这才是最令人激动的，”他说，“我只知道一件事，往前推5到10年，谁能想象游戏市场会是今天这个样子。也许我们能预料到更低的硬件需求和更丰富的游戏体验，但流媒体服务和新的输入设备等等这些东西才真的让人惊讶。”
|
||||
|
||||
>现在哪还有三A级经典游戏？就像活着的猛犸象一样少见！
|
||||
|
||||
“我认为，有时竞争往往意味着消费者拥有更好的体验。VHS难道比BetaMax更强吗？但VHS最终获胜了。（译者注：他指的是当年索尼和JVC的录像带之争，索尼的BetaMax在专业领域优势很大，但JVC的VHS由于更适合当时普通消费者的家庭使用，因此，他在这里举了这个例子）”，他继续说道，“因此，尽管竞争的最终结果不一定就是完全正确的方向，但总体来看，竞争还是利大于弊的。何况消费者也欢迎，因此，我相信未来我们一定能做出更好的游戏。”
|
||||
|
||||
总监相信，尽管用户数量有限，但独立游戏开发正不断上升并开始取得成功，现在正处在一个更有利的位置，能够迎合Linux视频游戏市场。
|
||||
|
||||
“长久以来，独立制作一般就意味着三A级经典，直到伴随着移动终端产业的爆发，独立游戏开始扎堆泛滥，”他说，“因此，我非常高兴能看到独立制作又回到了它曾经的现状，就好像人们在说，’现在哪还有三A级经典游戏？就跟活着的猛犸象一样少见‘“。
|
||||
|
||||
“所以，对我来说，我认为尽管Linux平台上的用户数量并不特别多，但独立制作游戏成功的可能性很大。”
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
对于即将启动的[战地4][1]，DICE已经讲述了许多如何降低上手难度和准入门槛等在[战地3][2]中出现的问题，Gustavsson说，他们并没有忘记骨灰级玩家，恰恰相反，DICE在开发战地4的过程中，不断需要克制自己不要“太过于骨灰”。
|
||||
|
||||
当被问道DICE如何在开发新特性的过程中避免忽视老玩家时，他解释道：“说老实话，我们的问题并不在于忽视骨灰级玩家，而是有太多人向我一样从99年或至少2000年就开始每天玩战地，我们需要的是控制自己，避免自己太沉溺于其中。沉迷游戏，是每个玩家的天性。所以，我们需要提醒自己，同时提醒每一个人”
|
||||
|
||||
战地4对于新玩家[更好上手][3]，但同时，它也将充分照顾到老玩家，DICE透露，也许老玩家会发现游戏中有些方面射手与恐怖分子几乎没有区别。例如，Gustavsson提到，[新的战斗测试][4]涵盖了各个技术水平的玩家都可以发挥的范围。
|
||||
|
||||
> 我们需要的是控制自己，避免自己太沉溺于其中。
|
||||
|
||||
“有些人即使从最开始到现在一直在玩战地，游戏里他依然不会选择坐飞机，因为他觉得不安全，所以这并不是是否忽略老玩家的问题。如果你去玩家论坛转转，你会无数次看到诸如‘我不知道这件武器或这个装备怎么用‘这样的问题，然后每个人都会来回答他。这是件很和谐、很美妙的事。但有时你又会觉得，一个游戏不能太傻了，应该智能一些。”
|
||||
|
||||
针对上面例子中的问题，他们已经提供了一个武器装备比较工具。Gustavsson说，“即使是我，做游戏的人，有时也会蒙圈到底哪件装备配哪件武器。”
|
||||
|
||||
为了迎合战地的资深老玩家们，游戏还特地推出了一款检修控制系统，重写了网络代码，移除了一些隐患，增加了角色数量，并相应地给予命名。除了社区呼声已久的旁观者模式，战地4还介绍了[无重生模式][5]和[战场升级系统][6]，[鼓励][7]玩家们一起游戏。
|
||||
|
||||
“说实话，一直以来，我都不好意思参加访谈活动，因为总是要一次次承认我们确实没有旁观者模式。但这次活动我腰板硬多了，因为我们终于有旁观者模式啦！伴随着新一代游戏机中的分享和广播等新特性，我十分期待社区会带来哪些意想不到的惊喜。”
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.polygon.com/2013/10/12/4826190/linux-only-needs-one-killer-game-to-explode-says-battlefield-director
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[小眼儿](https://github.com/tinyeyeser) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.polygon.com/game/battlefield-4/10364
|
||||
[2]:http://www.polygon.com/game/battlefield-3/1762
|
||||
[3]:http://www.polygon.com/2013/10/3/4798128/we-should-be-slapped-for-battlefield-3s-unlocks-says-dice-creative
|
||||
[4]:http://www.polygon.com/2013/9/4/4694158/battlefield-4-vehicle-test-range-server-options
|
||||
[5]:http://www.polygon.com/2013/9/26/4775632/battlefield-4s-multiplayer-modes-player-counts-detailed-by-dice
|
||||
[6]:http://www.polygon.com/2013/8/16/4627536/battlefield-4-kit-customization-field-upgrade-system-detailed
|
||||
[7]:http://www.polygon.com/2013/8/9/4607030/battlefield-4-will-encourage-but-never-force-team-play
|
||||
@ -1,42 +1,36 @@
|
||||
Debian OpenSSL Bug - 后门还是安全事故?
|
||||
======================================================
|
||||
|
||||
周一，Ed 写了篇文章《软件透明度》[1]，主旨是如果软件开发的过程是透明的，那么软件对恶意的后门（以及无心的安全漏洞）更具抵抗性。
|
||||
周一，Ed 写了篇文章《软件透明度》[1]，主旨是如果软件开发的过程是透明的，那么软件对恶意的后门（以及无心的安全漏洞）就更具抵抗性。
|
||||
软件透明的因素包括公开源代码，可以读取或为一个项目的追踪议题做出贡献，以及参与内部开发讨论。他提到一种情况，在这儿我想详细讨论一下：
|
||||
2008年，Debian项目（一个用于web服务器的很流行的linux发行版），宣称[2]Debian中OpenSSL[3]的伪随机数生成器遭到破解，已经不安全了。
|
||||
|
||||
首先，了解一些背景信息：伪随机数生成器（PRNG）就是一个程序，假定代号为F。给定一个随机种子s，通过F(s)进行处理后，
|
||||
会得到一个长的比特流。如果我和你都使用同样的种子s，两个人会得到同样的比特流。但是如果我随机选择一个s，也不告诉你s是什么，
|
||||
首先，了解一些背景信息：伪随机数生成器（PRNG）就是一个程序，假定代号为F。给定一个随机种子s，则会得到一个长的比特流F(s),看起来像个随机数。如果我和你都使用同样的种子s，两个人会得到同样的比特流。但是如果我随机选择一个s，也不告诉你s是什么，
|
||||
你根本不能够推测F(s)的结果，如你所知，F(s)也是随机的。OpenSSL中的PRNG试图从系统中抓取不可预测的信息（"熵"）,比如当前进程ID，
|
||||
或者很有可能是不同的内存数据（比如，未初始化的内存，该内存，可能或者就是，由其它一些进程控制）等等。把这些东西转换成种子s，
|
||||
经F(s)处理，就会得到随机比特流。
|
||||
或者很有可能是不同的内存内容（比如，由其它一些进程控制或可能控制的未初始化的内存）等等。把这些东西转换成种子s，就会得到随机比特流F(s)。
|
||||
|
||||
2006年，为了解决一条从一个查找软件内存存取bug的工具[5]生成的警告[4]，一名Debian维护者决定注释掉[6]OpenSSL PRNG里的两行代码[7]。
|
||||
结果这两行代码非常重要，代码负责抓取几乎所有的不可预测的熵，抓取的熵会作为OpenSSL PRNG的种子。没有这些代码，
|
||||
PRNG只有总共32,767个选择可作为种子，因而也就是说只有这么多的选择可用于F(s)进行处理。
|
||||
2006年，为了解决一个用于查找软件内存存取bug的工具[5]的警告问题[4]，一名Debian维护者决定注释掉[6]OpenSSL PRNG里的两行代码[7]。
|
||||
但是这两行代码非常重要，它们负责抓取几乎所有的不可预测的熵，以作为OpenSSL PRNG的种子。没有这些代码，PRNG只有总共32,767个选择可作为种子s，因而也只有这么多的F(s)供选择。
|
||||
|
||||
很多依赖于OpenSSL随机数生成器的程序，其实并不拥有那么多的随机选择，但是他们原以为会有那么多的。
|
||||
一个这样的程序要为SSL（安全网络浏览）和SSH（安全远程登录）生成秘钥。问题的关键在于，这些秘钥必须是随机的：如果你可以猜到我的秘钥，
|
||||
这样一来，很多依赖于OpenSSL随机数生成器的程序，其实并没有它们以为的那么多的随机选择。比如，一个这样的程序要为SSL（安全网络浏览）和SSH（安全远程登录）生成秘钥。严格来说，这些秘钥必须是随机的：如果你可以猜到我的秘钥，
|
||||
你就可以破解我使用该秘钥保护的任何东西。这意味着你有能力读取加密的通讯信息，登录到远程服务器[8]，或者伪造看起来似乎是真实的信息[9]。
|
||||
这个漏洞是2006年第一次引入，而且进入到Ubuntu中[10](另一个流行的linux发行版，广泛应用于网络服务器)。漏洞影响到数以千计的服务器而且
|
||||
存在了很长一段时间[11]，因为只是给受影响的服务器打补丁还不足以解决问题，必须替换掉任何在漏洞存在情况下生成的秘钥。
|
||||
|
||||
顺便说一句，为伪随机数生成器寻找熵是个著名[12]的难题[13]。事实上，在今天来看要解决这个问题依然是个巨大的挑战。随机错误难以检测，
|
||||
因为当你盯着输出看，每次运行程序结果都不一样，就像随机的一样。弱随机性很难定位，但是它可以使（貌似）安全的加密系统失效。
|
||||
依然如此，Debian中的那个漏洞一经发现在安全界[15]就常常被当做笑柄[16]。
|
||||
因为当你盯着输出看时，每次运行程序结果都不一样，就像随机的一样。弱随机性很难发现，但是它可以使（貌似）安全的加密系统失效。
|
||||
不过，Debian中的那个漏洞很醒目，被发现后在安全社区[15]引起了很多嘲笑[16]。
|
||||
|
||||
这是个后门，故意设置的吗？似乎不大可能。[Kurt Roeckx][17]，代码维护者，后来成为Debian项目的主管。显然他是个可靠的家伙，
|
||||
不是为了故意设置漏洞而由NSA伪造出来的身份。想进入Debian项目组的核心，需要做出巨大的努力，那真是出了名的难进。
|
||||
这样看来，错误根本不是自己冒出来，而是一系列失误导致的，而且后果严重。
|
||||
于是有人问，这是个后门，故意设置的吗？似乎不大可能。做出这个更改的代码维护者 [Kurt Roeckx][17]，后来成为Debian项目的主管。这意味着他是个可靠的家伙，
|
||||
不是为了插入漏洞而由NSA伪造出来的身份。想进入Debian项目组的核心，需要做出巨大的努力，那真是出了名的难进。
|
||||
这样看来，错误根本不是有意为之，而是一系列失误导致的，而且后果严重。
|
||||
|
||||
漏洞确实是在一个透明的环境下引入的。所做的任何一件事都是公开的。但是漏洞就在那儿，而且呆了相当长一段时间。
|
||||
部分原因在于，正因为所有的事情都是透明的，才导致极大的混乱，人们对那个显而易见的漏洞也都没太在意。
|
||||
另外，也因为漏洞本身太过微妙。让修改带来的影响随便给谁看都能那么明显，这也不是设计该系统的目的。
|
||||
漏洞确实是在一个透明的环境下发生的。所做的任何一件事都是公开的。但是漏洞还是引入了，而且长时间未被注意到。部分原因在于，透明引起了很多混乱，导致本应发现这个显而易见的漏洞的人们也都没太在意。
|
||||
另外，也因为漏洞本身太过微妙，一个随意的观察者很难发现修改带来的影响。
|
||||
|
||||
这是否意味着软件透明没什么益处？ 我可不这么认为。许多人都赞同透明软件要比不透明软件更安全。
|
||||
但是这也并不表示漏洞不会产生，或者认为有其他人都看着呢而我们自己就可以掉以轻心。
|
||||
这是否意味着软件透明没什么帮助？ 我可不这么认为。许多人都赞同透明软件要比不透明软件更安全。但是这也并不表示漏洞不会产生，或者认为有其他人都看着呢而我们自己就可以掉以轻心。
|
||||
|
||||
至少，多年以后，透明可以让我们回想起，究竟是什么导致的那个漏洞，原来是工程上的纰漏而非人为破坏。
|
||||
至少，多年以后，透明可以让我们回顾，究竟是什么导致了某个漏洞--本文例子中，就是工程上的纰漏，而非人为破坏。
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://freedom-to-tinker.com/blog/kroll/software-transparency-debian-openssl-bug/
|
||||
@ -64,4 +58,4 @@ via: https://freedom-to-tinker.com/blog/kroll/software-transparency-debian-opens
|
||||
[16]:http://www.xkcd.com/424/
|
||||
[17]:http://www.roeckx.be/journal/
|
||||
[18]:http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2009/02/msg00009.html
|
||||
[19]:http://research.swtch.com/openssl
|
||||
[19]:http://research.swtch.com/openssl
|
||||
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user