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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (hello-wn)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (How to Delete Lines from a File Using the sed Command)
[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-remove-delete-lines-in-file-sed-command/)
[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
[#]: translator: "hello-wn"
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
[#]: subject: "How to Delete Lines from a File Using the sed Command"
[#]: via: "https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-remove-delete-lines-in-file-sed-command/"
[#]: author: "Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/"
How to Delete Lines from a File Using the sed Command
如何使用 sed 命令删除文件中的行
======
Sed command stands for Stream Editor, is used to perform basic text transformations in Linux.
Sed 代表<ruby>流编辑器<rt>Stream Editor</rt></ruby>，常用于 Linux 中基本的文本处理。
sed is one of the important command, which plays major role for file manipulation. It can be used to delete or remove specific lines which matches a given pattern.
sed 命令是 Linux 中的重要命令之一，在文件处理方面有着重要作用。可用于删除或移动与给定模式匹配的特定行，还可以删除文件中的特定行。
Also, it’s used to remove a particular line in a file.
它还能够从文件中删除表达式，文件可以通过指定分隔符（例如逗号、制表符或空格）进行标识。
It’s capable to delete expressions as well from a file, which can be identified by a specifying delimiter (such as a comma, tab, or space).
There are fifteen examples are listed in this article, which helps you to become a master in sed command.
If you understand and remember all these commands that can be useful in many ways. Also, it saves lot of time when you have some requirements to perform sed command.
本文列出了 15 个使用范例，它们可以帮助你掌握 sed 命令。
**`Note:`**` ` Since it’s demonstration purpose so, i use sed command without `-i` option which prints the contents of the file on Linux terminal by removing the lines.
如果你能理解并且记住这些命令，在你需要使用 sed 时，这些命令就能派上用场，帮你节约很多时间。
But, if you would like to remove the lines from the source file in real environment then use `-i` option with sed command.
**`注意:`**` ` 为了方便演示，我在执行 sed 命令时，不使用 `-i` 选项，因为这个选项会直接修改文件内容。
To test this, i have created the sed-demo.txt file and added the following contents with line number for better understanding.
但是，如果你想在实际环境中从源文件中删除行，请在 sed 命令中使用 `-i` 选项。
演示之前，我创建了 sed-demo.txt 文件，并添加了以下内容和相应行号以便更好地理解。
```
# cat sed-demo.txt
@ -43,19 +43,19 @@ To test this, i have created the sed-demo.txt file and added the following conte
10 openSUSE
```
### 1) How to Delete First Line from a File?
### 1) 如何删除文件的第一行？
If you would like to delete first line from a file, use the following syntax.
使用以下语法删除文件首行。
**`N`**` ` denotes Nth line in a file and d option in sed command is used to delete a line.
**`N`**` ` 表示文件中的第 N 行，`d`选项在 sed 命令中用于删除一行。
**Syntax:**
**语法:**
```
sed 'Nd' file
```
The below sed command removes the first line in sed-demo.txt file.
使用以下 sed 命令删除 sed-demo.txt 中的第一行。
```
# sed '1d' sed-demo.txt
@ -71,13 +71,13 @@ The below sed command removes the first line in sed-demo.txt file.
10 openSUSE
```
### 2) How to Delete Last Line from a File?
### 2) 如何删除文件的最后一行？
If you would like to delete first line from a file, use the following syntax.
使用以下语法删除文件最后一行。
The **`$`**` ` denotes the last line of a file.
**`$`**` ` 符号表示文件的最后一行。
The below sed command removes the last line in sed-demo.txt file.
使用以下 sed 命令删除 sed-demo.txt 中的最后一行。
```
# sed '$d' sed-demo.txt
@ -93,9 +93,9 @@ The below sed command removes the last line in sed-demo.txt file.
9 Ubuntu
```
### 3) How to Delete Particular Line from a File?
### 3) 如何删除指定行？
The below sed command removes the third line in sed-demo.txt file.
使用以下 sed 命令删除 sed-demo.txt 中的第 3 行。
```
# sed '3d' sed-demo.txt
@ -111,9 +111,9 @@ The below sed command removes the third line in sed-demo.txt file.
10 openSUSE
```
### 4) How to Delete Range of Lines from a File?
### 4) 如何删除指定范围内的行？
The below sed command removes the lines ranging from 5 to 7.
使用以下 sed 命令删除 sed-demo.txt 中的第 5 到 7 行。
```
# sed '5,7d' sed-demo.txt
@ -127,11 +127,11 @@ The below sed command removes the lines ranging from 5 to 7.
10 openSUSE
```
### 5) How to Delete Multiple Lines from a File?
### 5) 如何删除多行内容？
The sed command is capable to removes set of given lines.
sed 命令能够删除给定行的集合。
In this example, the following sed command removes 1st line, 5th line, 9th line, and last line.
本例中，下面的 sed 命令删除了第 1 行、第 5 行、第 9 行和最后一行。
```
# sed '1d;5d;9d;$d' sed-demo.txt
@ -144,9 +144,9 @@ In this example, the following sed command removes 1st line, 5th line, 9th line,
8 Debian
```
### 5a) How to Delete Lines Other Than the Specified Range from a File?
### 5a) 如何删除指定范围以外的行？
Use the following sed command to remove all the lines from the file only except specified range.
使用以下 sed 命令删除 sed-demo.txt 中第 3 到 6 行范围以外的所有行。
```
# sed '3,6!d' sed-demo.txt
@ -157,9 +157,9 @@ Use the following sed command to remove all the lines from the file only except
6 Arch Linux
```
### 6) How to Delete Empty or Blank Lines from a File?
### 6) 如何删除空行？
The following sed command removes the empty or blank lines from sed-demo.txt file.
使用以下 sed 命令删除 sed-demo.txt 中的空行。
```
# sed '/^$/d' sed-demo.txt
@ -176,9 +176,9 @@ The following sed command removes the empty or blank lines from sed-demo.txt fil
10 openSUSE
```
### 7) How to Delete Lines That Contain a Pattern from a File?
### 7) 如何删除包含某个<ruby>表达式<rt>Pattern</rt></ruby>的行？
The following sed command removes the lines in sed-demo.txt file which match the **`System`**` ` pattern.
使用以下 sed 命令删除 sed-demo.txt 中匹配到 **`System`**` ` 表达式的行。
```
# sed '/System/d' sed-demo.txt
@ -193,9 +193,9 @@ The following sed command removes the lines in sed-demo.txt file which match the
10 openSUSE
```
### 8) How to Delete Lines That Containing One of Multiple Strings from a File?
### 8) 如何删除包含字符串集合中某个字符串的行？
The following sed command removes the lines in sed-demo.txt file which match the **`System`**` ` or **`Linux`**` ` pattern.
使用以下 sed 命令删除 sed-demo.txt 中匹配到 **`System`**` ` 或 **`Linux`**` ` 表达式的行。
```
# sed '/System\|Linux/d' sed-demo.txt
@ -209,11 +209,9 @@ The following sed command removes the lines in sed-demo.txt file which match the
10 openSUSE
```
### 9) How to Delete Lines That Begin with Specified Character from a File?
### 9) 如何删除以指定字符开头的行？
The following sed command removes all the lines that start with given character.
To test this, i have created another file called sed-demo-1.txt with following contents.
为了测试，我创建了 sed-demo-1.txt 文件，并添加了以下内容。
```
# cat sed-demo-1.txt
@ -230,7 +228,7 @@ Arch Linux - 1
3 4 5 6
```
The following sed command removes all the lines that start with character **`R`**` `.
使用以下 sed 命令删除以 **`R`**` ` 字符开头的所有行。
```
# sed '/^R/d' sed-demo-1.txt
@ -245,7 +243,7 @@ Arch Linux - 1
3 4 5 6
```
The following sed command removes all the lines that start with character either **`R`**` ` or **`F`**` `.
使用以下 sed 命令删除 **`R`**` ` 或者 **`F`**` ` 字符开头的所有行。
```
# sed '/^[RF]/d' sed-demo-1.txt
@ -259,9 +257,9 @@ Arch Linux - 1
3 4 5 6
```
### 10) How to Delete Lines That End with Specified Character from a File?
### 10) 如何删除以指定字符结尾的行？
The following sed command removes all the lines that end with character **`m`**` `.
使用以下 sed 命令删除 **`m`**` ` 字符结尾的所有行。
```
# sed '/m$/d' sed-demo.txt
@ -276,7 +274,7 @@ The following sed command removes all the lines that end with character **`m`**`
10 openSUSE
```
The following sed command removes all the lines that end with character either **`x`**` ` or **`m`**` `.
使用以下 sed 命令删除 **`x`**` ` 或者 **`m`**` ` 字符结尾的所有行。
```
# sed '/[xm]$/d' sed-demo.txt
@ -290,9 +288,9 @@ The following sed command removes all the lines that end with character either *
10 openSUSE
```
### 11) How to Delete All Lines That Start with Capital Letters
### 11) 如何删除所有大写字母开头的行？
Use the following sed command to remove all the lines that start with entirely in capital letters.
使用以下 sed 命令删除所有大写字母开头的行。
```
# sed '/^[A-Z]/d' sed-demo-1.txt
@ -303,9 +301,9 @@ ubuntu
3 4 5 6
```
### 12) How to Delete a Matching Pattern Lines with Specified Range in a File?
### 12) 如何删除指定范围内匹配到<ruby>表达式<rt>Pattern</rt></ruby>的行？
The below sed command removes the pattern **`Linux`**` ` only if it is present in the lines from 1 to 6.
使用以下 sed 命令删除第 1 到 6 行中包含 **`Linux`**` ` 表达式的行。
```
# sed '1,6{/Linux/d;}' sed-demo.txt
@ -320,9 +318,9 @@ The below sed command removes the pattern **`Linux`**` ` only if it is present i
10 openSUSE
```
### 13) How to Delete Pattern Matching Line and also the Next Line?
### 13) 如何删除匹配到<ruby>表达式<rt>Pattern</rt></ruby>的行及其下一行？
Use the following sed command to delete the line which containing the pattern ‘System’ and also the next line.
使用以下 sed 命令删除包含 `System` 表达式的行以及它的下一行。
```
# sed '/System/{N;d;}' sed-demo.txt
@ -337,9 +335,9 @@ Use the following sed command to delete the line which containing the pattern
10 openSUSE
```
### 14) How Delete lines that contains Digits from a File?
### 14) 如何删除包含数字的行？
The below sed command removes all the lines that contains digits.
使用以下 sed 命令删除所有包含数字的行。
```
# sed '/[0-9]/d' sed-demo-1.txt
@ -353,7 +351,7 @@ debian
ubuntu
```
The below sed command removes all the lines Begin with digits.
使用以下 sed 命令删除所有以数字开头的行。
```
# sed '/^[0-9]/d' sed-demo-1.txt
@ -368,7 +366,7 @@ ubuntu
Arch Linux - 1
```
The below sed command removes all the lines End with digits.
使用以下 sed 命令删除所有以数字结尾的行。
```
# sed '/[0-9]$/d' sed-demo-1.txt
@ -383,9 +381,9 @@ ubuntu
2 - Manjaro
```
### 15) How Delete lines that contains Alphabetic Characters from a File?
### 15) 如何删除包含字母的行？
The below sed command removes all the lines that contains alphabetic characters.
使用以下 sed 命令删除所有包含字母的行。
```
# sed '/[A-Za-z]/d' sed-demo-1.txt
@ -398,7 +396,7 @@ via: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-remove-delete-lines-in-file-sed-command/
作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
译者：[hello-wn](https://github.com/hello-wn)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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