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11 awesome vi tips and tricks
======
![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/keyboaord_enter_writing_documentation.jpg?itok=kKrnXc5h)
The [vi editor][1] is one of the most popular text editors on Unix and Unix-like systems, such as Linux. Whether you're new to vi or just looking for a refresher, these 11 tips will enhance how you use it.
### Editing
Editing a long script can be tedious, especially when you need to edit a line so far down that it would take hours to scroll to it. Here's a faster way.
1. The command `:set number` numbers each line down the left side.
![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/u128651/setnum.png?itok=sFVA97mG)
You can directly reach line number 26 by opening the file and entering this command on the CLI: `vi +26 sample.txt`. To edit line 26 (for example), the command `:26` will take you directly to it.
![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/u128651/number.png?itok=d7FE0LL3)
### Fast navigation
2. `i` changes your mode from "command" to "insert" and starts inserting text at the current cursor position.
3. `a` does the same, except it starts just after the current cursor position.
4. `o` starts the cursor position from the line below the current cursor position.
### Delete
If you notice an error or typo, being able to make a quick fix is important. Good thing vi has it all figured out.
Understanding vi's delete function so you don't accidentally press a key and permanently remove a line, paragraph, or more, is critical.
5. `x` deletes the character under the cursor.
6. `dd` deletes the current line. (Yes, the whole line!)
Here's the scary part: `30dd` would delete 30 lines starting with the current line! Proceed with caution when using this command.
### Search
You can search for keywords from the "command" mode rather than manually navigating and looking for a specific word in a plethora of text.
7. `:/<keyword>` searches for the word mentioned in the `< >` space and takes your cursor to the first match.
8. To navigate to the next instance of that word, type `n`, and keep pressing it until you get to the match you're looking for.
For example, in the image below I searched for `ssh`, and vi highlighted the beginning of the first result.
![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/u128651/ssh-search.png?itok=tJ-7FujH)
After I pressed `n`, vi highlighted the next instance.
![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/u128651/n-search.png?itok=wU-u3LiI)
### Save and exit
Developers (and others) will probably find this next command useful.
9. `:x` saves your work and exits vi.
![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/u128651/x.png?itok=kfoHx84m)
10. If you think every nanosecond is worth saving, here's a faster way to shift to terminal mode in vi. Instead of pressing `Shift+:` on the keyboard, you can press `Shift+q` (or Q, in caps) to access [Ex mode][2], but this doesn't really make any difference if you just want to save and quit by typing `x` (as shown above).
### Substitution
Here is a neat trick if you want to substitute every occurrence of one word with another. For example, if you want to substitute "desktop" with "laptop" in a large file, it would be monotonous and waste time to search for each occurrence of "desktop," delete it, and type "laptop."
11. The command `:%s/desktop/laptop/g` would replace each occurrence of "desktop" with "laptop" throughout the file; it works just like the Linux `sed` command.
In this example, I replaced "root" with "user":
![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/u128651/subs-command.png?itok=M8MN72sp)
![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/u128651/subs-result.png?itok=34zzVdUt)
These tricks should help anyone get started using vi. Are there other neat tips I missed? Share them in the comments.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/18/1/top-11-vi-tips-and-tricks
作者：[Archit Modi][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:https://opensource.com/users/architmodi
[1]:http://ex-vi.sourceforge.net/
[2]:https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Learning_the_vi_Editor/Vim/Modes#Ex-mode

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11 个超棒的 vi 技巧和窍门
======
![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/keyboaord_enter_writing_documentation.jpg?itok=kKrnXc5h)
[vi][1] 编辑器是 Linux 最流行的编辑器之一，默认安装在 Unix 和类 Uinux 系统中。无论您是 vi 新手还是想进修，这些技巧都对您有用。
### 编辑
编辑长文本时可能很难受，特别是编辑其中某一行时，需要移动许久才能到这行。这有个很快的方法：
1. `:set number` 这个命令可是在编辑器左边显示行号。
![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/u128651/setnum.png?itok=sFVA97mG)
您可以在命令行中输入 `vi +26 samp.txt` 命令直接打开文件到达 26 行，在 vi 编辑器中也可以输入 `:26` 跳转到 26 行。
![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/u128651/number.png?itok=d7FE0LL3)
### 快速导航
2. `i` 将工作方式从“命令模式”更改为“输入模式”，并在当前光标位置开始插入内容。
3. `a` 除了是光标之后开始插入年内容，与上面的效果是一样的。
4. `o` 在光标的下一行位置开始插入内容。
### 删除
如果您发现错误或错别字，能快速的修正是很重要的。好在 vi 都事先想好了。
了解 vi 的删除功能，保证你不会意外按下某个键并永久删除一行或多段内容，这点至关重要。
5. `x` 删除当前光标的字符。
6. `dd` 删除当前行 （是的，整行内容！)
下面看可怕的部分：`30dd` 从当前行开始删除以下 30 行！使用此命令请慎重。
### 搜索
您可以在“命令模式”搜索关键字，而不用在大量文本内容中手动导航查找特定的单词或内容。
7. `:/<keyword>` 搜索 `< >` 中的单词并将光标移动到第一个匹配项。
8. 导航到该单词的下一个匹配项，请输入 `n` 并继续按下， 直到找到您要找的内容。
例如，在这个图像中我要搜索包含 `ssh` 的内容， vi 光标就会突出第一个结果的开始位置。
![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/u128651/ssh-search.png?itok=tJ-7FujH)
按下 n 之后， vi 光标就会突出下一个匹配项。
![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/u128651/n-search.png?itok=wU-u3LiI)
### 保存并退出
开发人员 （或其他人） 可能会发现这个命令很有用。
9. `:x` 保存您的工作空间并退出 vi 。
![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/u128651/x.png?itok=kfoHx84m)
10. 如果你想实时保存，那么这有个更快的方法。你可以按下 `Shift+q` （或者大写字母 Q ) 来进入 [Ex 模式][2] , 而不是在键盘上按 `Shift+:` 。但是如果你只是想按下 `x` 来保存退出，那就没有什么区别（如上所示）。
### 替换
如果您想将文中的某个单词全部替换为一个单词，这有个很巧妙的招式。例如，如果您想在一个大文件中将 "desktop" 替换为 "laptop" ，那么单调的搜索每个出现的 "desktop" 将其删掉，然后再输入 "laotop" ，是很浪费时间的。
11. `:%s/desktop/laptop/g` 这个命令将在整个文件中的 "desktop" 用 "laptop" 替换，他就像 Linux 的 `sed` 命令一样。
这个例子中我用 "user" 替换了 "root" ：
![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/u128651/subs-command.png?itok=M8MN72sp)
![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/u128651/subs-result.png?itok=34zzVdUt)
这些技巧应该能帮组任何想开始学 vi 的人。我有遗漏其他巧妙的提示吗？请在评论中分享他们。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/18/1/top-11-vi-tips-and-tricks
作者：[Archit Modi][a]
译者：[MZqk](https://github.com/MZqk)
校对：[校对者 ID](https://github.com/ 校对者 ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux 中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:https://opensource.com/users/architmodi
[1]:http://ex-vi.sourceforge.net/
[2]:https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Learning_the_vi_Editor/Vim/Modes#Ex-mode