mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2024-12-26 21:30:55 +08:00
geekpi
GitHub
commit
9e5f9b6e8f
@ -1,169 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (How to run virtual machines with virt-manager)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/full-virtualization-system-on-fedora-workstation-30/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Marco Sarti https://fedoramagazine.org/author/msarti/)
|
||||
|
||||
How to run virtual machines with virt-manager
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
![][1]
|
||||
|
||||
In the beginning there was dual boot, it was the only way to have more than one operating system on the same laptop. At the time, it was difficult for these operating systems to be run simultaneously or interact with each other. Many years passed before it was possible, on common PCs, to run an operating system inside another through virtualization.
|
||||
|
||||
Recent PCs or laptops, including moderately-priced ones, have the hardware features to run virtual machines with performance close to the physical host machine.
|
||||
|
||||
Virtualization has therefore become normal, to test operating systems, as a playground for learning new techniques, to create your own home cloud, to create your own test environment and much more. This article walks you through using Virt Manager on Fedora to setup virtual machines.
|
||||
|
||||
### Introducing QEMU/KVM and Libvirt
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora, like all other Linux systems, comes with native support for virtualization extensions. This support is given by KVM (Kernel based Virtual Machine) currently available as a kernel module.
|
||||
|
||||
QEMU is a complete system emulator that works together with KVM and allows you to create virtual machines with hardware and peripherals.
|
||||
|
||||
Finally [libvirt][2] is the API layer that allows you to administer the infrastructure, ie create and run virtual machines.
|
||||
|
||||
The set of these three technologies, all open source, is what we’re going to install on our Fedora Workstation.
|
||||
|
||||
### Installation
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 1: install packages
|
||||
|
||||
Installation is a fairly simple operation. The Fedora repository provides the “virtualization” package group that contains everything you need.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo dnf install @virtualization
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 2: edit the libvirtd configuration
|
||||
|
||||
By default the system administration is limited to the root user, if you want to enable a regular user you have to proceed as follows.
|
||||
|
||||
Open the /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf file for editing
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo vi /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Set the domain socket group ownership to libvirt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
unix_sock_group = "libvirt"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Adjust the UNIX socket permissions for the R/W socket
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
unix_sock_rw_perms = "0770"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 3: start and enable the libvirtd service
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo systemctl start libvirtd
|
||||
sudo systemctl enable libvirtd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 4: add user to group
|
||||
|
||||
In order to administer libvirt with the regular user you must add the user to the libvirt group, otherwise every time you start virtual-manager you will be asked for the password for sudo.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo usermod -a -G libvirt $(whoami)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This adds the current user to the group. You must log out and log in to apply the changes.
|
||||
|
||||
### Getting started with virt-manager
|
||||
|
||||
The libvirt system can be managed either from the command line (virsh) or via the virt-manager graphical interface. The command line can be very useful if you want to do automated provisioning of virtual machines, for example with [Ansible][3], but in this article we will concentrate on the user-friendly graphical interface.
|
||||
|
||||
The virt-manager interface is simple. The main form shows the list of connections including the local system connection.
|
||||
|
||||
The connection settings include virtual networks and storage definition. it is possible to define multiple virtual networks and these networks can be used to communicate between guest systems and between the guest systems and the host.
|
||||
|
||||
### Creating your first virtual machine
|
||||
|
||||
To start creating a new virtual machine, press the button at the top left of the main form:
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
The first step of the wizard requires the installation mode. You can choose between a local installation media, network boot / installation or an existing virtual disk import:
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
Choosing the local installation media the next step will require the ISO image path:
|
||||
|
||||
![ ][6]
|
||||
|
||||
The subsequent two steps will allow you to size the CPU, memory and disk of the new virtual machine. The last step will ask you to choose network preferences: choose the default network if you want the virtual machine to be separated from the outside world by a NAT, or bridged if you want it to be reachable from the outside. Note that if you choose bridged the virtual machine cannot communicate with the host machine.
|
||||
|
||||
Check “Customize configuration before install” if you want to review or change the configuration before starting the setup:
|
||||
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
The virtual machine configuration form allows you to review and modify the hardware configuration. You can add disks, network interfaces, change boot options and so on. Press “Begin installation” when satisfied:
|
||||
|
||||
![][8]
|
||||
|
||||
At this point you will be redirected to the console where to proceed with the installation of the operating system. Once the operation is complete, you will have the working virtual machine that you can access from the console:
|
||||
|
||||
![][9]
|
||||
|
||||
The virtual machine just created will appear in the list of the main form, where you will also have a graph of the CPU and memory occupation:
|
||||
|
||||
![][10]
|
||||
|
||||
libvirt and virt-manager is a powerful tool that allows great customization to your virtual machines with enterprise level management. If something even simpler is desired, note that Fedora Workstation comes with [GNOME Boxes pre-installed and can be sufficient for basic virtualization needs][11].
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://fedoramagazine.org/full-virtualization-system-on-fedora-workstation-30/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Marco Sarti][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/msarti/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/virt-manager-816x346.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://libvirt.org/
|
||||
[3]: https://fedoramagazine.org/get-the-latest-ansible-2-8-in-fedora/
|
||||
[4]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-from-2019-07-14-09-41-45.png
|
||||
[5]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-from-2019-07-14-09-30-53.png
|
||||
[6]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-from-2019-07-14-10-42-39.png
|
||||
[7]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-from-2019-07-14-10-43-21.png
|
||||
[8]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-from-2019-07-14-10-44-58.png
|
||||
[9]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-from-2019-07-14-10-55-35.png
|
||||
[10]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-from-2019-07-14-11-09-22.png
|
||||
[11]: https://fedoramagazine.org/getting-started-with-virtualization-in-gnome-boxes/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (How to run virtual machines with virt-manager)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/full-virtualization-system-on-fedora-workstation-30/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Marco Sarti https://fedoramagazine.org/author/msarti/)
|
||||
|
||||
如何使用 virt-manager 运行虚拟机
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
![][1]
|
||||
|
||||
在早先年，在同一台笔记本中运行多个操作系统只能双启动。当时，这些操作系统很难同时运行或相互影响。许多年过去了，在普通的 PC 上，可以通过虚拟化在一个系统中运行另一个系统。
|
||||
|
||||
最近的 PC 或笔记本（包括价格适中的笔记本电脑）都有硬件虚拟化，可以运行性能接近物理主机的虚拟机。
|
||||
|
||||
虚拟化因此变得常见，它可以用来测试操作系统、学习新技术、创建自己的家庭云、创建自己的测试环境等等。本文将指导你使用 Fedora 上的 Virt Manager 来设置虚拟机。
|
||||
|
||||
### 介绍 QEMU/KVM 和 Libvirt
|
||||
|
||||
与所有其他 Linux 系统一样，Fedora 附带了虚拟化扩展支持。它由作为内核模块之一的 KVM（基于内核的虚拟机）提供支持。
|
||||
|
||||
QEMU 是一个完整的系统仿真器，它可与 KVM 协同工作，允许你使用硬件和外部设备创建虚拟机。
|
||||
|
||||
最后 [libvirt][2] 是能让你管理基础设施的 API 层，即创建和运行虚拟机。
|
||||
|
||||
这三个技术都是开源的，我们将在 Fedora Workstation 上安装它们。
|
||||
|
||||
### 安装
|
||||
|
||||
#### 步骤 1：安装软件包
|
||||
|
||||
安装是一个相当简单的操作。 Fedora 仓库提供了 “virtualization” 软件包组，其中包含了你需要的所有包。
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo dnf install @virtualization
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 步骤 2：编辑 libvirtd 配置
|
||||
|
||||
默认情况下，系统管理仅限于 root 用户，如果要启用常规用户，那么必须按以下步骤操作。
|
||||
|
||||
打开 /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf 进行编辑
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo vi /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
将域套接字组所有者设置为 libvirt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
unix_sock_group = "libvirt"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
调整 UNIX 套接字的读写权限
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
unix_sock_rw_perms = "0770"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 步骤 3：启动并启用 libvirtd 服务
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo systemctl start libvirtd
|
||||
sudo systemctl enable libvirtd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 步骤 4：将用户添加到组
|
||||
|
||||
为了管理 libvirt 与普通用户，你必须将用户添加到 libvirt 组，否则每次启动 virtual-manager 时，都会要求你输入 sudo 密码。
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo usermod -a -G libvirt $(whoami)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
这会将当前用户添加到组中。你必须注销并重新登录才能应用更改。
|
||||
|
||||
### 开始使用 virt-manager
|
||||
|
||||
可以通过命令行 （virsh） 或通过 virt-manager 图形界面管理l ibvirt 系统。如果你想做虚拟机自动化配置，那么命令行非常有用，例如使用 [Ansible][3]，但在本文中我们将专注于用户友好的图形界面。
|
||||
|
||||
virt-manager 界面很简单。主窗口显示连接列表，其中包括本地系统连接。
|
||||
|
||||
连接设置包括虚拟网络和存储定义。你可以定义多个虚拟网络，这些网络可用于在客户端系统之间以及客户端系统和主机之间进行通信。
|
||||
|
||||
### 创建你的第一个虚拟机
|
||||
|
||||
要开始创建新虚拟机，请按下主窗口左上角的按钮：
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
向导的第一步需要选择安装模式。你可以选择本地安装介质、网络引导/安装或现有虚拟磁盘导入：
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
选择本地安装介质，下一步将需要选择 ISO 镜像路径：
|
||||
|
||||
![ ][6]
|
||||
|
||||
随后的两个步能让你调整新虚拟机的 CPU、内存和磁盘大小。最后一步将要求你选择网络选项：如果你希望虚拟机通过 NAT 与外部隔离，请选择默认网络。如果你希望从外部访问虚拟机，那么选择桥接。请注意，如果选择桥接，那么虚拟机则无法与主机通信。
|
||||
|
||||
如果要在启动设置之前查看或更改配置，请选中“安装前自定义配置”：
|
||||
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
虚拟机配置窗口能让你查看和修改硬件配置。你可以添加磁盘、网络接口、更改引导选项等。满意后按“开始安装”：
|
||||
|
||||
![][8]
|
||||
|
||||
此时，你将被重定向到控制台来继续安装操作系统。操作完成后，你可以从控制台访问虚拟机：
|
||||
|
||||
![][9]
|
||||
|
||||
刚刚创建的虚拟机将出现在主窗口的列表中，你还能看到 CPU 和内存占用率的图表：
|
||||
|
||||
![][10]
|
||||
|
||||
libvirt 和 virt-manager 是功能强大的工具，它们可以以企业级管理为你的虚拟机提供出色的自定义。 如果你需要更简单的东西，请注意 Fedora Workstation [预安装的 GNOME Boxes 已经能够满足基础的虚拟化要求][11]。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://fedoramagazine.org/full-virtualization-system-on-fedora-workstation-30/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Marco Sarti][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/msarti/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/virt-manager-816x346.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://libvirt.org/
|
||||
[3]: https://fedoramagazine.org/get-the-latest-ansible-2-8-in-fedora/
|
||||
[4]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-from-2019-07-14-09-41-45.png
|
||||
[5]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-from-2019-07-14-09-30-53.png
|
||||
[6]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-from-2019-07-14-10-42-39.png
|
||||
[7]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-from-2019-07-14-10-43-21.png
|
||||
[8]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-from-2019-07-14-10-44-58.png
|
||||
[9]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-from-2019-07-14-10-55-35.png
|
||||
[10]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-from-2019-07-14-11-09-22.png
|
||||
[11]: https://fedoramagazine.org/getting-started-with-virtualization-in-gnome-boxes/
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user