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Linux 系统实时监控的瑞士军刀 —— Glances
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================================================================================
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早些时候，我们提到过有很多可以用来监视系统性能的 Linux [系统监视工具][1]。
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但我们估计，或许更多的用户会倾向与基本每个 Linux 发行版都在带的工具 （**top** 命令）。
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但我们估计，或许更多的用户会倾向与绝大多数 Linux 发行版都带的工具 （**top** 命令）。
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[top 命令][2]是 Linux 下的一个实时任务管理器，
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同时也是为了在 **GNU/Linux** 发行版中寻找系统性能方面的瓶颈，并帮助我们作出正确操作的常用系统监视工具。
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她有着一个很为简洁的界面，并自带少量的且可以帮助我们快速了解系统性能的实用选项。
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同时也是用于在 **GNU/Linux** 发行版中寻找系统性能方面的瓶颈，并帮助我们作出正确操作的常用系统监视工具。
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她有着一个极为简洁的界面，并自带少量的可以帮助我们快速了解系统性能的实用选项。
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但是呢，有些时候想要通过她寻找一个占用系统资源比较大的应用或进程可能会比较困难。
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因为 top 命令本身并不能帮助我们高亮那些吃太多 **CPU**，**内存**，或者其他资源的程序。
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但是，有些时候想要通过她寻找一个占用系统资源比较大的应用或进程可能会比较困难。
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因为 top 命令本身并不会帮助我们高亮那些吃太多 **CPU**，**内存**，或者其他资源的程序。
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为了达到这个目标，这里我们将介绍一款超牛逼的系统监视程序 —— **Glances**。
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她可以自动高亮利用最高系统资源的程序，并为 Linux/Unix 服务器提供尽可能多的信息。
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### 什么是 Glances？ ###
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**Glances** 是一个由 Python 编写并使用 **psutil** 库来从系统抓取信息且基于 curses 开发的跨平台命令行系统监视工具。
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**Glances** 是一个由 Python 编写，使用 **psutil** 库来从系统抓取信息的基于 curses 开发的跨平台命令行系统监视工具。
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通过 Glances，我们可以监视 **CPU，平均负载，内存，网络流量，磁盘 I/O，其他处理器** 和 **文件系统** 空间的利用情况。
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Glances 是一个被用来监视 **GNU/Linux** 和 **FreeBSD** 操作系统的 **GPL** 授权的自由软件。
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Glances 是一个用来监视 **GNU/Linux** 和 **FreeBSD** 操作系统的 **GPL** 授权的自由软件。
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Glances 同时也提供了很多实用的选项。
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其中我们能够在配置文件见到的一项主要的功能就是设置关键值及相应的标签 （**careful[小心]**, **warning[警告]** 和 **critical[严重]**），
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然后她会自动帮我们用不同颜色标出系统达到某个瓶颈的信息。
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@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ Glances 同时也提供了很多实用的选项。
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- CPU 信息 （用户的相关应用, 系统核心程序和空闲程序）
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- 总内存信息，包括了物理内存，交换空间和空闲内存等等
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- 过去 1 分钟、5 分钟和 15 分钟平均的 CPU 负载
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- 之前的 1 分钟、5 分钟和 15 分钟平均的 CPU 负载
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- 网络链接的下行和上行速度
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- 处理器总数，以及其活动状态
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- 硬盘 I/O 相关（读写）速度详情
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@ -40,9 +41,9 @@ Glances 同时也提供了很多实用的选项。
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### 在 Linux/Unix 系统种安装 Glances ###
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### 在 Linux/Unix 系统中安装 Glances ###
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虽然这个工具的发布并不早，但你仍然可以在 **Red Hat** 分支的系统中将 [EPEL 软件源][3]开启并在终端用下面的命令来安装 “**Glances**”
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虽然这个工具的发布比较晚，但你仍然可以在 **Red Hat** 系的系统中通过 [EPEL 软件源][3]安装。在终端用下面的命令安装：
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#### 对于 RHEL/CentOS/Fedora 发行版 ####
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@ -62,12 +63,12 @@ Glances 同时也提供了很多实用的选项。
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按下 ‘**q**‘ （‘**ESC**‘ 和 ‘**Ctrl&C**‘ 也可以） 退出 Glances 终端。
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按下 ‘**q**‘ （‘**ESC**‘ 和 ‘**Ctrl-C**‘ 也可以） 退出 Glances 终端。
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这里是从 **CentOS 6.5** 截取的另一张截图：
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Glances 的默认刷新频率是 **1** （秒），但是你可以通过在终端执行下面的命令来手动定义其刷新频率
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Glances 的默认刷新频率是 **1** （秒），但是你可以通过在终端指定参数来手动定义其刷新频率
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# glances -t 2
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@ -81,6 +82,7 @@ Glances 会用一下几种颜色来代表状态：
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- 红色：CRITICAL（严重）
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阀值可以在配置文件中设置，一般阀值被默认设置为（**careful=50**、**warning=70**、**critical=90**）。
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我们可以按照自己的需求在配置文件（默认在 **/etc/glances/glances.conf**）中自定义。
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### Glances 的选项 ###
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@ -120,25 +122,26 @@ Glances 会用一下几种颜色来代表状态：
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Glances server is running on 0.0.0.0:61209
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**注意**：当你执行了‘**glances**’命令后，她会让你为 Glances 服务器设置密码。
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当你设置完毕，你将看到 “Glances server is running on 0.0.0.0:61209” （Glances 服务器正在 0.0.0.0 的 61209 端口运行）
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当你设置完毕，你将看到 “Glances server is running on 0.0.0.0:61209” （Glances 服务器正在 0.0.0.0 的 61209 端口运行）的消息。
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当 Glances 服务器启动后，到本地执行下面的命令来指定服务器IP地址或主机名以链接。
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注：这里的 ‘**172.16.27.56**’ 是我 Glances 服务器的 IP 地址。
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# glances -c -P 172.16.27.56
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下面是一些在使用服务器/客户端模式时必须知道的事情：
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* 在服务器模式，你可以通过 `-B 地址` 来设置绑定地址，也可以通过 `-p 端口` 来绑定 TCP 端口
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* 在服务器模式，你可以通过 `-B 地址` 来设置绑定地址，也可以通过 `-p 端口` 来绑定监听的 TCP 端口
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* 在客户端模式，你可以通过同样的 `-p 端口` 来指定服务器端口
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* 默认的绑定地址是 0.0.0.0，但这么做会监听所有网络接口的指定端口
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* 在服务器/客户端模式下，限制将视服务器的设置而决定
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* 在服务器/客户端模式下，限制的阀值将由服务器的设置决定
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* 你也可以在命令行下用过 `-P 密码` 的方式来为服务器端设置一个密码
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### 总结 ###
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**Glances** 对于大多用户而言是个在系统资源上提供过多信息的工具。
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但是如果你是一个想要仅从命令行就能快速获取系统整体状况的系统管理员，那这个工具绝对是你的必备利器。
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**Glances** 对于大多用户而言是个在系统资源上提供过多信息的工具。但是如果你是一个想要仅从命令行就能快速获取系统整体状况的系统管理员，那这个工具绝对是你的必备利器。
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### 译者注 ###
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@ -150,7 +153,7 @@ Glances 会用一下几种颜色来代表状态：
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via: http://www.tecmint.com/glances-an-advanced-real-time-system-monitoring-tool-for-linux/
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译者：[VizV](https://github.com/vizv) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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||||
译者：[VizV](https://github.com/vizv) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ CDC网络控制模型(NCM)同样有一个驱动提供了规范(CDC NCM support)
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再说一次，还有更多的驱动用于供货商特定设备。
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有趣的事实：Linux被用于制作James Cameron的电影"泰坦尼克"的特效。
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有趣的事实：Linux被用于制作James Cameron的电影"泰坦尼克"的特效。
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"CDC Phonet support"是用于使用Phonet的Nokia USB调制解调器。(译注：Phonet是Nokia开发的面向数据包的通信协议,仅用于Nokia maemo/meego产品)
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@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ CDC网络控制模型(NCM)同样有一个驱动提供了规范(CDC NCM support)
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内核开发者可能注意到一些无线设备可以支持QoS。QoS代表"Quality of Service"(服务质量)。这个特性给予网络传输优先级。假设需要通过网络传输两组数据。只有一个可以先发送。QoS会先发送最重要的数据。
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有趣的事实：技术上来说，Linux并不是一个操作系统。Linux是一种内核而GNU/Linux是操作系统。。
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有趣的事实：技术上来说，Linux并不是一个操作系统。Linux是一种内核而GNU/Linux才是操作系统。
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WAN卡需要"Generic HDLC layer"。HDLC代表"High-Level Data Link Control"(高级数据链路控制)。这是一个数据链路层协议。
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@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ HDLC同样支持PPP(Synchronous Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) support)和X.25(X.
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VMware使用vmxnet3虚拟以太网需要这个驱动(VMware VMXNET3 ethernet driver)。当在为大量用户编译内核时，最好将这个启用为一个模块，因为一些人可能并不希望在VMware上使用以太网。
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Hyper-V虚拟网络需要这个驱动(Microsoft Hyper-V virtual network driver)。你可能想知道这个是否与微软的Hyper-V相同。使得，Linux支持Hyper-V。
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Hyper-V虚拟网络需要这个驱动(Microsoft Hyper-V virtual network driver)。你可能想知道这个是否与微软的Hyper-V相同？是的，Linux支持Hyper-V。
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数字电话服务ISDN由这个驱动提供(ISDN support)。ISDN代表"Integrated Services Digital Network"(综合业务数字网)。在法国，ISDN被称为RNIS，代表" Réseau numérique à intégration de services"。有一台ISDN适配器，计算机可以开始并接收语音呼叫。这允许计算机用来做因待机或者其他一些电话服务设备。ISDN同样也可以携带视频信息。
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@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ Hyper-V虚拟网络需要这个驱动(Microsoft Hyper-V virtual network driver)
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注意：当为广泛的用户组编译内核时，包含大多数或者全部输入设备作为模块，因为通常不知道用户可能插到计算机上的设备类型。
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有趣的事实：Vanilla内核就是Linux自己的原始内核，是未改变的状态。
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有趣的事实：Vanilla内核就是Linux自己的原始内核，是未改变的状态。
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"Mouse interface"对于鼠标创建了两个不同的设备文件。这两个设备文件是/dev/input/mouseX 和 /dev/input/mice。
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@ -116,6 +116,6 @@ Hyper-V虚拟网络需要这个驱动(Microsoft Hyper-V virtual network driver)
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via: http://www.linux.org/threads/the-linux-kernel-configuring-the-kernel-part-15.4793/
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|
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
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开源软件的易用性
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================================================================================
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[Jim Hall][2] 在 Linux Journal 网站上发表了一篇精彩的[文章][1]，是关于开源软件的“易用性”的。在开源项目中，软件的“友好性”往往被敷衍处理，甚至会被完全忽略。另一方面，人们经常将“易用性”与“美观“混为一谈，他们认为软件“易于使用”就是要软件设计得漂亮。开源项目软件的“易用性”经常被开发者忽略，这可以理解，毕竟开发者肯定知道如何使用他们自己的软件，并且对开发的软件的工作环境也了如指掌（译注：举个生活中的例子，译者，就是我，想去附近的阿姨家玩，只需要出门左转右转过个红绿灯再过三幢房就到了，因为我对环境了如指掌；如果要让读者，就是你，找到我阿姨家，估计你要冲过来削我：你 TM 在逗我么）。开源软件能很好地满足开发者自身的需求，但如果想让你的软件被更多人使用，你就需要在“易用性”方面下大功夫。
|
||||
[Jim Hall][2] 在 Linux Journal 网站上发表了一篇精彩的[文章][1]，是关于开源软件的“易用性”的。在开源项目中，软件的“友好性”往往被敷衍处理，甚至会被完全忽略。另一方面，人们经常将“易用性”与“美观”混为一谈，他们认为软件“易于使用”就是要软件设计得漂亮。开源项目软件的“易用性”经常被开发者忽略，这可以理解，毕竟开发者肯定知道如何使用他们自己的软件，并且对开发的软件的工作环境也了如指掌（译注：举个生活中的例子，译者，就是我，想去附近的阿姨家玩，只需要出门左转右转过个红绿灯再过三幢房就到了，因为我对环境了如指掌；如果要让读者，就是你，找到我阿姨家，估计你要冲过来削我：你 TM 在逗我么）。开源软件能很好地满足开发者自身的需求，但如果想让你的软件被更多人使用，你就需要在“易用性”方面下大功夫。
|
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|
||||
在 Linux Journal 上的这篇文章里面，Hall 介绍了他与几个大学生一起做了一个小小的易用性测试，这些学生都是 Windows 用户，并且对电脑都不怎么熟悉。他们被要求使用装有 Fedora 17 的笔记本，并且要求使用一系列软件，像 Gedit, Firefox 和 Nautilus，Hall 在一旁观察，并做一些记录。结果显示这些用户能够使用这些软件的基本功能，但对于软件的一些高级功能，他们就束手无策了。他们能够在不需要任何提示的情况下使用火狐上网，但当要求他们改变 Gedit 的默认字体，或使用 Nautilus 为一个文件建立书签时，他们就不知道怎么做了。
|
||||
在 Linux Journal 上的这篇文章里面，Hall 介绍了他与几个大学生一起做了一个小小的易用性测试，这些学生都是 Windows 用户，并且对电脑都不怎么熟悉。他们被要求使用装有 Fedora 17 的笔记本，并且要求使用一系列软件，像 Gedit、 Firefox 和 Nautilus，Hall 在一旁观察，并做一些记录。结果显示这些用户能够使用这些软件的基本功能，但对于软件的一些高级功能，他们就束手无策了。他们能够在不需要任何提示的情况下使用火狐上网，但当要求他们改变 Gedit 的默认字体，或使用 Nautilus 为一个文件建立书签时，他们就不知道怎么做了。
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||||
|
||||
Hall 做的这项实验对开发者来说是非常有意义的。你永远都想不到用户会将你的软件用在什么地方，并且对于你觉得一目了然的特性，就跟长在脸上的鼻子一样清楚明了的特性，在用户眼里可能就是那么难以理解。我在读研的时候，就做过一个“软件易用性”实验，实验的道具是一款名叫“Silverback”的商业软件，它会调用电脑内置摄像头来拍摄用户的脸部表情。当用户坐下来完成我们布置的任务时，我们中的一个人会坐在用户旁边并做一些记录，实验结束后我们会回头看录像，记录用户鼠标点击次数、用户完成每个任务需要的时间，以及他们是否能完成所有任务。记录用户脸部表情非常有用，特别是配合用户做任务时实验人员写下来的实验记录的时候。笔记上有一条“在第６个步骤有些迷惑”的记录，用户脸部表情与这个记录保持一致，这能显示用户在什么时候感觉遇到挫折了。
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Hall 做的这项实验对开发者来说是非常有意义的。你永远都想
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://ostatic.com/blog/usability-and-open-source
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[bazz2](https://github.com/bazz2) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[bazz2](https://github.com/bazz2) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
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|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
|
||||
2048 Now Available For Offline Play In Ubuntu
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
2048 is the latest fad worldwide. This tiny game is played by moving the tiles up and down, left and right. The aim of this puzzle game is to reach 2048 by combining tiles with matching number. So 2+2 becomes 4, 4+4 becomes 16 and so on. Sounds simple but trust me its hell of an addictive game.
|
||||
|
||||
[2048][1], which is based on another similar and popular game [3][2], is available on Android, iOS, Windows and web browser. To play the game in web browser you would have needed an active internet connection until now. But thanks to [Lffl][3], we have 2048 packaged for offline play.
|
||||
|
||||
You can download the .deb installer and install it in Ubuntu and (I hope) other Ubuntu based distributions. You can search for the game in Unity dash like any other program. There is one problem though. The game opens in a web browser rather than in its own GUI. It is still fine in my opinion as long as you get to play the game without the internet. Your score will be saved between sessions so you can keep track of your high score.
|
||||
|
||||
- [Download 2048 for Ubuntu and Linux Mint][4]
|
||||
|
||||
Oh! For [Doctor Who][5] fans, we have similar game with Doctor Who characters. Try [2048 Doctor Who edition][6].
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/2048-offline-play-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://gabrielecirulli.github.io/2048/
|
||||
[2]:http://asherv.com/threes/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.lffl.org/
|
||||
[4]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxfreedomfor/files/ubuntu/2048_1_all.deb/download
|
||||
[5]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_Who
|
||||
[6]:http://games.usvsth3m.com/2048-doctor-who-edition/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
|
||||
Beautiful Zukitwo Theme Is the First One for GNOME 3.12
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Zukitwo, a beautiful theme designed for GNOME 3.12 that makes use of the GTK2 engine Murrine and the GTK2 pixbuf engine, is now at version 2014.03.29.**
|
||||
|
||||
The Zukitwo theme was updated shortly after the release of GNOME 3.12 and it’s probably the first theme to support the new version of GNOME. A lot of other themes will probably follow soon but, coincidentally, Zukitwo is also one of the best ones around.
|
||||
|
||||
According to the changelog, the GNOME 3.12 update is practically the only thing that’s different from the previous version, but there is also something noteworthy. Users of older version of GNOME should not upgrade to the new build. This is made exclusively for the GNOME 3.12 users.
|
||||
|
||||
The funny thing about this fact is that there are no GNOME 3.12 users as of yet. Even if the new updated desktop environment has been released, there aren't any Linux distributions out there that are using it, so it’s going to be difficult to test it.
|
||||
|
||||
The theme has two requirements: GTK2 engine Murrine 0.98.1.1 or later and GTK2 pixbuf engine or the gtk(2)-engines package.
|
||||
|
||||
Check out the changelog for a complete list of fixes. [Download Zukitwo 2014.03.29][1] right now from gnome.org.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Beautiful-Zukitwo-Theme-Is-the-First-One-for-GNOME-3-12-434833.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://gnome-look.org/content/show.php/Zukitwo?content=140562
|
||||
44
sources/talk/Puzzle Game ’2048′ Packaged Up For Ubuntu.md
Normal file
44
sources/talk/Puzzle Game ’2048′ Packaged Up For Ubuntu.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
|
||||
Puzzle Game ’2048′ Packaged Up For Ubuntu
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Hold on, I’ll be with you in 2 secs. Make that 4. Maybe 8. What? It’s been 16 minutes? Crikey!
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[2048][1] mania [has swept the world][2] (though by the time you read this it may have dissipated, such is the fickle nature of viral gaming in a post-Flappy Bird landscape).
|
||||
|
||||
The game, inspired by an equally popular game called ‘threes’, is simple in aim: you move tiles around a grid, combining those with matching numbers to create a new tile with a larger number, and so on until you reach the 2048 tile.
|
||||
|
||||
Moving tiles is done using keyboard **arrow keys**. When two squares with the same number touch they merge into a one tile or a larger number (2 + 2 = 4, 4 + 4 = 8, and so on).
|
||||
|
||||
Note that the goal is to reach the 2048 tile, not score. So many <del>Facebook status brags</del> seem to miss that distinction.
|
||||
|
||||
As games go 2048 certainly falls in the ‘pick up and pass time’ category, being both addictively simple and fiendishly annoying. Prepare to lose hours to it.
|
||||
|
||||
*“Just one more go…”*
|
||||
|
||||
### Install 2048 on Ubuntu ###
|
||||
|
||||
The game can be played freely on any device with internet access and a modern browser by visiting the website ([link][3]). There is also [a gazillion mobile clones][4] available to grab from the Google Play, Apple App, and Windows Phone Stores.
|
||||
|
||||
But if you want to have it available to launch locally in Ubuntu with offline play support, you’re in luck. The (very awesome) folks over at Lffl [have packaged][5] the open-source puzzler, which is distributed via GitHub, as a .deb installer for Debian-based distros.
|
||||
|
||||
Once installed, you can launch the game from the Unity Dash (or other DE menu alternative). While it continues to open in a browser (minor annoyance) installing it locally does preserve your high score between sessions — which is pretty handy should you like to best yourself.
|
||||
|
||||
The .deb installer can be downloaded below and will work on Ubuntu 12.04 or later.
|
||||
|
||||
- [Download 2048 for Ubuntu][6]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/03/install-2048-on-ubuntu-download
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://gabrielecirulli.github.io/2048/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-2048-hit-game-creator-gabriele-cirulli-20140327,0,3285397.story#axzz2xGiZCbkl
|
||||
[3]:http://gabrielecirulli.github.io/2048/
|
||||
[4]:http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/columnist/talkingtech/2014/03/28/talking-tech-2048/6951781/
|
||||
[5]:http://www.lffl.org/2014/03/giocare-2048-su-linux-window-e-mac.html
|
||||
[6]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxfreedomfor/files/ubuntu/2048_1_all.deb/download
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
|
||||
8 examples of findmnt command to check mounted file systems on Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
### Mounted file systems and devices ###
|
||||
|
||||
The more common command to check mounted file systems on linux is the mount command which is used to not only list mounted devices, but also mount and unmount them as and when needed. Here is another nifty command called findmnt, that can be used to take a quick look at what is mounted where and with what options.
|
||||
|
||||
### Install findmnt ###
|
||||
|
||||
The findmnt command comes from the packages util-linux which is installed by default on most distros like Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian
|
||||
|
||||
$ aptitude search util-linux
|
||||
i util-linux - Miscellaneous system utilities
|
||||
|
||||
$ yum info util-linux
|
||||
|
||||
### Using findmnt ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1. List the file systems ####
|
||||
|
||||
Running findmnt without any options would simply list out all the mounted file systems in a tree style layout.
|
||||
|
||||
$ findmnt
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2. Output in list format ####
|
||||
|
||||
The output can be formatted as a plain list, instead of the default tree style, using the l option making it convenient to read.
|
||||
|
||||
$ findmnt -l
|
||||
TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
|
||||
/sys sysfs sysfs rw,nosu
|
||||
/proc proc proc rw,nosu
|
||||
/dev udev devtmpf rw,rela
|
||||
/dev/pts devpts devpts rw,nosu
|
||||
/run tmpfs tmpfs rw,nosu
|
||||
/ /dev/disk/by-uuid/6fa5a72a-ba26-4588-a103-74bb6b33a763
|
||||
ext4 rw,rela
|
||||
/sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs rw,rela
|
||||
/sys/fs/fuse/connections fusectl rw,rela
|
||||
/sys/kernel/debug debugfs rw,rela
|
||||
/sys/kernel/security securit rw,rela
|
||||
/run/lock tmpfs rw,nosu
|
||||
/run/shm tmpfs rw,nosu
|
||||
/run/user tmpfs rw,nosu
|
||||
/sys/fs/pstore pstore rw,rela
|
||||
/media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1
|
||||
/dev/sda8 ext4 rw,nosu
|
||||
/media/4668484A68483B47 /dev/sda5 fuseblk rw,nosu
|
||||
/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc binfmt_ rw,nosu
|
||||
/sys/fs/cgroup/systemd systemd cgroup rw,nosu
|
||||
/run/user/1000/gvfs gvfsd-fuse fuse.gv rw,nosu
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3. df style output ####
|
||||
|
||||
Findmnt can produce a df style output reporting free and used disk space with the "-D" or "--df" option.
|
||||
|
||||
$ findmnt -D
|
||||
SOURCE FSTYPE SIZE USED AVAIL USE% TARGET
|
||||
devtmpfs devtmpfs 994.2M 0 994.2M 0% /dev
|
||||
selinuxfs selinuxfs 0 0 0 - /sys/fs/selinux
|
||||
tmpfs tmpfs 1001.5M 68K 1001.4M 0% /dev/shm
|
||||
tmpfs tmpfs 1001.5M 724K 1000.8M 0% /run
|
||||
tmpfs tmpfs 1001.5M 0 1001.5M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
|
||||
/dev/mapper/fedora-root ext4 6.5G 5.3G 811.6M 82% /
|
||||
tmpfs tmpfs 1001.5M 60K 1001.5M 0% /tmp
|
||||
/dev/sda1 ext4 476.2M 107.7M 339.6M 23% /boot
|
||||
|
||||
Note that the above option is not available till util-linux version 2.20, which happened to be the latest version on Ubuntu 13.10
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4. Read file systems from fstab ####
|
||||
|
||||
With the '-s' or '--fstab' option, findmnt shall read file systems only from the /etc/fstab file and /etc/fstab.d directory.
|
||||
|
||||
$ findmnt -s
|
||||
TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
|
||||
/ /dev/mapper/fedora-root ext4 defaults
|
||||
/boot UUID=18cde604-1c65-4ec8-8a8d-385df50ada3b ext4 defaults
|
||||
swap /dev/mapper/fedora-swap swap defaults
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5. Filter filesystems by type ####
|
||||
|
||||
Findmnt can print out only specific file systems based on the type, for example ext4.
|
||||
Multiple system types can be specified separated by a comma.
|
||||
|
||||
$ findmnt -t ext4
|
||||
TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
|
||||
/ /dev/mapper/fedora-root ext4 rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered
|
||||
└─/boot /dev/sda1 ext4 rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6. Raw output ####
|
||||
|
||||
If you prefer a raw style ugly looking output then use the '-r' or '--raw' option.
|
||||
|
||||
$ findmnt --raw
|
||||
TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
|
||||
/sys sysfs sysfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
|
||||
/proc proc proc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
|
||||
/dev udev devtmpfs rw,relatime,size=4069060k,nr_inodes=1017265,mode=755
|
||||
/dev/pts devpts devpts rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000
|
||||
/run tmpfs tmpfs rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=816716k,mode=755
|
||||
/ /dev/disk/by-uuid/6fa5a72a-ba26-4588-a103-74bb6b33a763 ext4 rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered
|
||||
/sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs rw,relatime,size=4k,mode=755
|
||||
/sys/fs/fuse/connections fusectl rw,relatime
|
||||
/sys/kernel/debug debugfs rw,relatime
|
||||
/sys/kernel/security securityfs rw,relatime
|
||||
/run/lock tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k
|
||||
/run/shm tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime
|
||||
/run/user tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=102400k,mode=755
|
||||
/sys/fs/pstore pstore rw,relatime
|
||||
/media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1 /dev/sda8 ext4 rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered
|
||||
/media/4668484A68483B47 /dev/sda5 fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,allow_other,blksize=4096
|
||||
/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc binfmt_misc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
|
||||
/sys/fs/cgroup/systemd systemd cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,name=systemd
|
||||
/run/user/1000/gvfs gvfsd-fuse fuse.gvfsd-fuse rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=1000,group_id=1000
|
||||
|
||||
That looks very neat
|
||||
|
||||
#### 7. Search by source device ####
|
||||
|
||||
To find the file system by the source device, specify the device path with or without the '-S' option
|
||||
|
||||
$ findmnt -S /dev/sda1
|
||||
TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
|
||||
/boot /dev/sda1 ext4 rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered
|
||||
|
||||
#### 8. Search by mount point ####
|
||||
|
||||
To search file system by the mount directory , specify the directory with or without the '-T'/'--target' option.
|
||||
|
||||
$ findmnt -T /
|
||||
TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
|
||||
/ /dev/mapper/fedora-root ext4 rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered
|
||||
|
||||
$ findmnt -T /media/4668484A68483B47
|
||||
TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
|
||||
/media/4668484A68483B47 /dev/sda5 fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0
|
||||
|
||||
### Summary ###
|
||||
|
||||
That was a little introduction to the findmnt command. There are few more options supported by findmnt which can be found in the man page.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.binarytides.com/linux-findmnt-command/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
35
sources/tech/How To Play 3D Movies In Ubuntu.md
Normal file
35
sources/tech/How To Play 3D Movies In Ubuntu.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
|
||||
How To Play 3D Movies In Ubuntu
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Dear linux geeks,
|
||||
|
||||
**Q:** I downloaded a very high quality 3D movie, but when I try to play it with VLC media player the screen is split in two parts and I don’t like to watch the move like that.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
In this tutorial you will learn how to play 3D movies in Ubuntu using a free 3D video player called [bino][1]. You can easily find information about bino 3D movie player by running the following command in your terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
apt-cache search bino
|
||||
|
||||
Open a new terminal (CTRL+ALT+T) and run the following command to install bino in your Ubuntu machine.
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install bino
|
||||
|
||||
After the installation of bino is finished launch it by going to Applications, Sound&Video,Bino or just type bino in the terminal and hit Enter.
|
||||
|
||||
Then locate the 3D video clip or movie you want to play by going to File and click on Open. Your movie will start playing, but the screen will still be separated in two parts. Nobody likes watching the movie like this.
|
||||
|
||||
Now go to Input and select the Left/Right option. You will see a big change that I am sure you will like it. The following screenshot explains everything. I am still new to the bino video player, but I am trying to play around and see if I can find more tricks.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Do not forget to hit the Play button in order to watch the movies.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/play-3d-movies-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://bino3d.org/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
|
||||
How to Add Beautiful Fonts to Any Linux Distribution
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**The following tutorial will teach all Linux users how to easily add beautiful fonts to their operating systems. We’ve written detailed instructions for Debian, Arch Linux, openSUSE, Slackware, and Fedora distributions.**
|
||||
|
||||
As many of you already know, the major drawback of almost all Linux-based operating systems is that the default selection of fonts is not satisfactory for end users, especially those who migrate from Windows or Mac OS X OSes.
|
||||
|
||||
Except for Ubuntu, which uses its own set of fonts that looks quite beautiful from the get-go, all the other Linux distributions suffer from ugly font disease. Because of this, many users tried to create new methods for improving text rendering in various distros.
|
||||
|
||||
This is the case of the Infinality project, whose main purpose is to add various patches in order to provide users with some of the nicest font renderings on any Linux-based operating system.
|
||||
|
||||
### Infinality for Arch Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
1. Add the infinality-bundle, infinality-bundle-multilib (for 64-bit users) and infinality-bundle-fonts repositories to your /etc/pacman.conf:
|
||||
|
||||
[infinality-bundle]
|
||||
Server = http://bohoomil.com/repo/$arch
|
||||
|
||||
[infinality-bundle-multilib]
|
||||
Server = http://bohoomil.com/repo/multilib/$arch
|
||||
|
||||
[infinality-bundle-fonts]
|
||||
Server = http://bohoomil.com/repo/fonts
|
||||
|
||||
2. Execute the sudo pacman -Syu command to refresh the repositories, then run the `sudo pacman -S infinality-bundle infinality-bundle-multilib ibfonts-meta-extended` (for 64-bit systems) or `sudo pacman -S infinality-bundle ibfonts-meta-extended` (for 32-bit systems).
|
||||
|
||||
3. Answer YES when asked if you want to replace freetype2 of fontconfig packages. Reboot your computer when finished.
|
||||
|
||||
### Infinality for Fedora ###
|
||||
|
||||
1. Execute the following commands in a terminal window:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo rpm -Uvh http://www.infinality.net/fedora/linux/infinality-repo-1.0-1.noarch.rpm
|
||||
sudo yum install freetype-infinality fontconfig-infinality
|
||||
|
||||
2. Reboot your machine.
|
||||
|
||||
### Infinality for openSUSE ###
|
||||
|
||||
1. Add the official Infinality repository `http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/namtrac:/subpixel/openSUSE_13.1/`, open the Repositories tab in YaST, select the namtrac:subpixel repository, and click on “Switch system packages to the versions in this repository.”
|
||||
|
||||
2. Mark for installation all the packages from the namtrac:subpixel that are not installed, then install the fontconfig-infinality package from the official openSUSE repositories.
|
||||
|
||||
3. Set the Subpixel Hinting option to “Use system settings” in the font configuration options, or set it to RGB order with Slight hinting. Reboot your system.
|
||||
|
||||
### Infinality for Slackware ###
|
||||
|
||||
Detailed installation instructions are provided at [http://someslack.wordpress.com/infinality-on-slackware/][1]
|
||||
|
||||
### Infinality for Debian ###
|
||||
|
||||
1. Execute the following commands in a terminal (one by one, hitting Enter after each one):
|
||||
|
||||
echo “deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/no1wantdthisname/ppa/ubuntu raring main” | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/infinality.list
|
||||
echo “deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/no1wantdthisname/ppa/ubuntu raring main” | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/infinality.list
|
||||
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys E985B27B
|
||||
|
||||
2. Run the following commands to update your system and install the Infinality packages:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get upgrade
|
||||
sudo apt-get install fontconfig-infinality
|
||||
|
||||
3. Restart your computer.
|
||||
|
||||
For any other Linux distribution that is not listed above, please use the official instructions provided at [https://github.com/Infinality/fontconfig-infinality/tree/master/infinality][2]. As usual, do not hesitate to drop a comment below if you encounter any issues with this tutorial.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/How-to-Add-Beautiful-Fonts-to-Any-Linux-Distribution-434835.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://someslack.wordpress.com/infinality-on-slackware/
|
||||
[2]:https://github.com/Infinality/fontconfig-infinality/tree/master/infinality
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
|
||||
Linux findmnt Command To Find Mounted Filesystems
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
The command findmnt is used to find mounted filesystems in Linux. This command will look for a particular filesystem in /etc/fstab, /etc/mtab or /proc/self/mountinfo.
|
||||
|
||||
### How To Install findmnt ###
|
||||
|
||||
The command findmnt comes in the package util-linux-ng, now renamed util-linux. The package comes with several other utilities such as hwclock. To install findmnt [download util-linux][1] from kernel.org ftp page.
|
||||
|
||||
### How To Install findmnt In Fedora ###
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora users can install the package as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo yum install util-linux-ng
|
||||
|
||||
### Findmnt Default option ###
|
||||
|
||||
This command by default will give you a list of all filesystems mounted if no mountpoint or device is specified.
|
||||
|
||||
$ findmnt
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Findmnt Polling Mode ###
|
||||
|
||||
The command findmnt can be used to monitor changes in /proc/self/mountinfo file. The polling mode can be invoked by tying in your terminal the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
$ findmnt -p
|
||||
|
||||
alternatively
|
||||
|
||||
$ findmnt --poll
|
||||
|
||||
Any changes made to /proc/self/mountinfo file will automatically be updated on the terminal. At first you will not see any output but if try unplug and plugging your flash drive, the changes are reflected on the terminal as in the following example.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The time which polling mode will block can be restricted by **--timeout** or **--first-only** option.
|
||||
|
||||
### Timeout option ###
|
||||
|
||||
This option can be used along with --poll to limit the time polling mode will block to the time you explicitly set. **The timeout to be set is in milliseconds**. After the timeout period findmnt will no longer monitor for changes to the /proc/self/mountinfo file.
|
||||
|
||||
$ findmnt --poll --timeout 6000
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### First-only option ###
|
||||
|
||||
The first-only option will monitor for changes in the /proc/self/mountinfo file only for the first change and the command will no longer be in polling mode. The first change is displayed on the terminal and the prompt is returned to you. To use this option type on your terminal:
|
||||
|
||||
$ findmnt --poll --first-only
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Imitating the command df output option ###
|
||||
|
||||
The command findmnt can also be used to imitate the output you would get if you used the df command. You can achieve this by running the command findmnt with the **--df** option as shown the following example.
|
||||
|
||||
$ findmnt --df
|
||||
|
||||
or
|
||||
|
||||
$ findmnt -D
|
||||
|
||||
This will give an almost identical output if you had run the command **df** with the **-h** option.
|
||||
|
||||
$ df -h
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Findmnt list option ###
|
||||
|
||||
If you do not like the default tree output you can use the **--list** or **-l** option. This will print for you an output in a list format.
|
||||
|
||||
$ findmnt --list
|
||||
|
||||
Running this command will give you an output as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Findmnt Evaluate Option ###
|
||||
|
||||
The evaluate option will convert all tags for example LABEL, UUID, PARTUUID or PARTLABEL to the actual device name. This option can be combined with **--fstab** option to print all the filesystems in /etc/fstab. The **--fstab** option has its output in list format, and therefore there is no need to call the **--list** option when **--fstab** is used.
|
||||
|
||||
$ findmnt --fstab --evaluate
|
||||
|
||||
When the two options are combined as follows, the output will look like the example below:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Findmnt type option ###
|
||||
|
||||
This option allows you to limit the set of printed filesystems. Multiple filesystems can be specified and separated by a coma. In this example the command will search for ext4, ext3 and vfat filesystems.
|
||||
|
||||
$ findmnt -t ext4,ext3,vfat
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion ###
|
||||
|
||||
You can try out the different options for findmnt depending on your needs.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/powerful-findmnt-command/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user