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How to start an open source program in your company
======
![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/LAW_openisopen.png?itok=FjmDxIaL)
Many internet-scale companies, including Google, Facebook, and Twitter, have established formal open source programs (sometimes referred to as open source program offices, or OSPOs for short), a designated place where open source consumption and production is supported inside a company. With such an office in place, any business can execute its open source strategies in clear terms, giving the company tools needed to make open source a success. An open source program office's responsibilities may include establishing policies for code use, distribution, selection, and auditing; engaging with open source communities; training developers; and ensuring legal compliance.
Internet-scale companies aren't the only ones establishing open source programs; studies show that [65% of companies][1] across industries are using and contributing to open source. In the last couple of years we’ve seen [VMware][2], [Amazon][3], [Microsoft][4], and even the [UK government][5] hire open source leaders and/or create open source programs. Having an open source strategy has become critical for businesses and even governments, and all organizations should be following in their footsteps.
### How to start an open source program
Although each open source office will be customized to a specific organization’s needs, there are standard steps that every company goes through. These include:
* **Finding a leader:** Identifying the right person to lead the open source program is the first step. The [TODO Group][6] maintains a list of [sample job descriptions][7] that may be helpful in finding candidates.
* **Deciding on the program structure:** There are a variety of ways to fit an open source program office into an organization's existing structure, depending on its focus. Companies with large intellectual property portfolios may be most comfortable placing the office within the legal department. Engineering-driven organizations may choose to place the office in an engineering department, especially if the focus of the office is to improve developer productivity. Others may want the office to be within the marketing department to support sales of open source products. For inspiration, the TODO Group offers [open source program case studies][8] that can be useful.
* **Setting policies and processes:** There needs to be a standardized method for implementing the organization’s open source strategy. The policies, which should require as little oversight as possible, lay out the requirements and rules for working with open source across the organization. They should be clearly defined, easily accessible, and even automated with tooling. Ideally, employees should be able to question policies and provide recommendations for improving or revising them. Numerous organizations active in open source, such as Google, [publish their policies publicly][9], which can be a good place to start. The TODO Group offers examples of other [open source policies][10] organizations can use as resources.
### A worthy step
Opening an open source program office is a big step for most organizations, especially if they are (or are transitioning into) a software company. The benefits to the organization are tremendous and will more than make up for the investment in the long run—not only in employee satisfaction but also in developer efficiency. There are many resources to help on the journey. The TODO Group guides [How to Create an Open Source Program][11], [Measuring Your Open Source Program's Success][12], and [Tools for Managing Open Source Programs][13] are great starting points.
Open source will truly be sustainable as more companies formalize programs to contribute back to these projects. I hope these resources are useful to you, and I wish you luck on your open source program journey.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/18/1/how-start-open-source-program-your-company
作者：[Chris Aniszczyk][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:https://opensource.com/users/caniszczyk
[1]:https://www.blackducksoftware.com/2016-future-of-open-source
[2]:http://www.cio.com/article/3095843/open-source-tools/vmware-today-has-a-strong-investment-in-open-source-dirk-hohndel.html
[3]:http://fortune.com/2016/12/01/amazon-open-source-guru/
[4]:https://opensource.microsoft.com/
[5]:https://www.linkedin.com/jobs/view/169669924
[6]:http://todogroup.org
[7]:https://github.com/todogroup/job-descriptions
[8]:https://github.com/todogroup/guides/tree/master/casestudies
[9]:https://opensource.google.com/docs/why/
[10]:https://github.com/todogroup/policies
[11]:https://github.com/todogroup/guides/blob/master/creating-an-open-source-program.md
[12]:https://github.com/todogroup/guides/blob/master/measuring-your-open-source-program.md
[13]:https://github.com/todogroup/guides/blob/master/tools-for-managing-open-source-programs.md

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如何在企业中开展开源项目
======
![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/LAW_openisopen.png?itok=FjmDxIaL)
很多互联网企业如 Google, Facebook, Twitter 等，都已经正式建立了数个开源项目（有的公司中建立了单独的开源项目部门）。在这个特定的项目内，开源项目的成本和成果都由公司内部消化。在这样一个实际的部门中，企业可以清晰透明地执行开源策略，这是企业成功开源化的一个必要过程。开源项目部门的职责包括：制定使用、分配、选择和审查代码的相关政策；培训开发技术人员和服从法律法规。
互联网企业并不是唯一一种运行开源项目的企业，有调查发现产业中 [65% 的企业][1]的运营都与开源相关。在过去几年中 [VMware][2], [Amazon][3], [Microsoft][4] 等企业，甚至连[英国政府][5]都开始聘用开源相关人员，开展开源项目。可见近年来商业领域乃至政府都十分重视开源策略，在这样的环境下，各界也需要跟上他们的步伐，建立开源项目。
### 怎样建立开源项目
虽然根据企业的需求不同，各开源部门会有特殊的调整，但下面几个基本步骤是建立每个开源部门都会经历的，它们是：
* **选定一位领导者：** 选出一位合适的领导之是建立开源项目的第一步。 [TODO Group][6] 发布了一份[开源人员基础工作任务清单][7]，你可以根据这个清单筛选人员。
* **确定项目构架：** 开源项目可以根据其服务的企业类型改变侧重点，来适应不同种类的企业需求，以在各类企业中成功运行。知识型企业可以把开源项目放在法律事务部运行，技术驱动型企业可以把开源项目放在着眼于提高企业效能的部门中，如工程部。其他类型的企业可以把开源项目放在市场部内运行，以此促进开源产品的销售。TODO Group 发布的[开源项目案例][8]或许可以给你些启发。
* **制定规章制度:** 开源策略的实施需要有一套规章制度，其中应当具体列出企业成员进行开源工作的标准流程，来减少失误的发生。这个流程应当简洁明了且简单易行，最好可以用设备进行自动监察。如果工作人员有质疑标准流程的热情和能力，并提出改进意见，那再好不过了。许多活跃在开源领域的企业中，Google 和 TODO 发布的规章制度十分值得借鉴。你可以参照 [Google 发布的制度][9]起草适用于自己企业的规章制度，用 [TODO 的规章制度][10]进行参考。
 
### 建立开源项目是企业发展中的关键一步
建立开源项目部门对很多企业来说是关键一步，尤其是对于那些软件公司或是想要转型进入软件领域的公司。不论雇员的满意度或是开发效率上，在开源项目中企业可以获得巨大的利益，这些利益远远大于对开源项目需要的长期投资。在开源之路上有很多资源可以帮助你成功，例如 TODO Group 的[《怎样创建开源项目》][11],[《开源项目的价值评估》][12]和[《管理开源项目的几种工具》][13]都很适合初学者阅读。
随着越来越多的企业形成开源项目，开源社区自身的可持续性逐渐加强，这会对这些企业的开源项目产生积极影响，促进企业的发展，这是企业和开源间的良性循环。我希望以上这些信息能够帮到你，祝你在建立开源项目的路上一路顺风。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/18/1/how-start-open-source-program-your-company
作者：[Chris Aniszczyk][a]
译者：[Valoniakim](https://github.com/Valoniakim)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:https://opensource.com/users/caniszczyk
[1]:https://www.blackducksoftware.com/2016-future-of-open-source
[2]:http://www.cio.com/article/3095843/open-source-tools/vmware-today-has-a-strong-investment-in-open-source-dirk-hohndel.html
[3]:http://fortune.com/2016/12/01/amazon-open-source-guru/
[4]:https://opensource.microsoft.com/
[5]:https://www.linkedin.com/jobs/view/169669924
[6]:http://todogroup.org
[7]:https://github.com/todogroup/job-descriptions
[8]:https://github.com/todogroup/guides/tree/master/casestudies
[9]:https://opensource.google.com/docs/why/
[10]:https://github.com/todogroup/policies
[11]:https://github.com/todogroup/guides/blob/master/creating-an-open-source-program.md
[12]:https://github.com/todogroup/guides/blob/master/measuring-your-open-source-program.md
[13]:https://github.com/todogroup/guides/blob/master/tools-for-managing-open-source-programs.md