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KeyLD Translating
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Photon Could Be Your New Favorite Container OS
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============================================================
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Jack Wallen says Photon OS is an outstanding platform, geared specifically for containers.[Creative Commons Zero][5]Pixabay
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Containers are all the rage, and with good reason. [As discussed previously][13], containers allow you to quickly and easily deploy new services and applications onto your network, without requiring too much in the way of added system resources. Containers are more cost-effective than using dedicated hardware or virtual machines, and they’re easier to update and reuse.
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Best of all, containers love Linux (and vice versa). Without much trouble or time, you can get a Linux server up and running with [Docker][14] and deploying containers. But, which Linux distribution is best suited for the deployment of your containers? There are a _lot_ of options. You could go with a standard Ubuntu Server platform (which makes installing Docker and deploying containers incredibly easy), or you could opt for a lighter weight distribution — one geared specifically for the purpose of deploying containers.
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One such distribution is [Photon][15]. This particular platform was created in 2005 by [VMware][16]; it includes the Docker daemon and works with container frameworks, such as Mesos and Kubernetes. Photon is optimized to work with [VMware vSphere][17], but it can be used on bare metal, [Microsoft Azure][18], [Google Compute Engine][19], [Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud][20], or [VirtualBox][21].
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Photon manages to stay slim by only installing what is absolutely necessary to run the Docker daemon. In the end, the distribution comes in around 300 MB. This is just enough Linux make it all work. The key features to Photon are:
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* Kernel tuned for performance.
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* Kernel is hardened according to the [Kernel Self-Protection Project][6] (KSPP).
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* All installed packages are built with hardened security flags.
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* Operating system boots with validated trust.
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* Photon management daemon manages firewall, network, packages, and users on remote Photon OS machines.
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* Support for persistent volumes.
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* [Project Lightwave][7] integration.
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* Timely security patches and updates.
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Photon can be used via [ISO][22], [OVA][23], [Amazon Machine Image][24], [Google Compute Engine image][25], and [Azure VHD][26]. I’ll show you how to install Photon on VirtualBox, using an ISO image. The installation takes about five minutes and, in the end, you’ll have a virtual machine, ready to deploy containers.
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### Creating the virtual machine
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Before you deploy that first container, you have to create the virtual machine and install Photon. To do this, open up VirtualBox and click the New button. Walk through the Create Virtual Machine wizard (giving Photon the necessary resources, based on the usage you predict the container server will need). Once you’ve created the virtual machine, you need to first make a change to the settings. Select the newly created virtual machine (in the left pane of the VirtualBox main window) and then click Settings. In the resulting window, click on Network (from the left navigation).
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In the Networking window (Figure 1), you need to change the Attached to drop-down to Bridged Adapter. This will ensure your Photon server is reachable from your network. Once you’ve made that change, click OK.
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### [photon_0.jpg][8]
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Figure 1: Changing the VirtualBox network settings for Photon.[Used with permission][1]
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Select your Photon virtual machine from the left navigation and then click Start. You will be prompted to locate and attach the IOS image. Once you’ve done that, Photon will boot up and prompt you to hit Enter to begin the installation. The installation is ncurses based (there is no GUI), but it’s incredibly simple.
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In the next screen (Figure 2), you will be asked if you want to do a Minimal, Full, or OSTree Server. I opted to go the Full route. Select whichever option you require and hit enter.
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### [photon_1.jpg][9]
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Figure 2: Selecting your installation type.[Used with permission][2]
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In the next window, select the disk that will house Photon. Since we’re installing this as a virtual machine, there will be only one disk listed (Figure 3). Tab down to Auto and hit Enter on your keyboard. The installation will then require you to type (and verify) an administrator password. Once you’ve done that, the installation will begin and finish in less than five minutes.
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### [photon_2.jpg][10]
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Figure 3: Selecting your hard disk for the Photon installation.[Used with permission][3]
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Once the installation completes, reboot the virtual machine and log in with the username root and the password you created during installation. You are ready to start working.
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Before you begin using Docker on Photon, you’ll want to upgrade the platform. Photon uses the _yum_ package manager, so login as root and issue the command _yum update_ .If there are any updates available, you’ll be asked to okay the process (Figure 4).
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### [photon_3.jpg][11]
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Figure 4: Updating Photon.[Used with permission][4]
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Usage
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As I mentioned, Photon comes with everything you need to deploy containers or even create a Kubernetes cluster. However, out of the box, there are a few things you’ll need to do. The first thing is to enable the Docker daemon to run at start. To do this, issue the commands:
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```
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systemctl start docker
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systemctl enable docker
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```
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Now we need to create a standard user, so we’re not running the docker command as root. To do this, issue the following commands:
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```
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useradd -m USERNAME
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passwd USERNAME
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```
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Where USERNAME is the name of the user to add.
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Next we need to add the new user to the _docker_ group with the command:
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```
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usermod -a -G docker USERNAME
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```
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Where USERNAME is the name of the user just created.
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Log out as the root user and log back in as the newly created user. You can now work with the _docker _ command without having to make use of _sudo_ or switching to the root user. Pull down an image from Docker Hub and start deploying containers.
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### An outstanding container platform
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Photon is, without a doubt, an outstanding platform, geared specifically for containers. Do note that Photon is an open source project, so there is no paid support to be had. If you find yourself having trouble with Photon, hop on over to the [Issues tab in the Photon Project’s Github page][27], where you can read and post about issues. And if you’re interested in forking Photon, you’ll find the source code on the project’s [official Github page][28].
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Give Photon a try and see if it doesn’t make deploying Docker containers and/or Kubernetes clusters significantly easier.
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_Learn more about Linux through the free ["Introduction to Linux" ][29]course from The Linux Foundation and edX._
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.linux.com/learn/intro-to-linux/2017/11/photon-could-be-your-new-favorite-container-os
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作者：[JACK WALLEN ][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.linux.com/users/jlwallen
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[1]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission
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[2]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission
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[3]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission
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[4]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission
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[5]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/creative-commons-zero
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[6]:https://kernsec.org/wiki/index.php/Kernel_Self_Protection_Project
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[7]:http://vmware.github.io/lightwave/
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[8]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/photon0jpg
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[9]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/photon1jpg
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[10]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/photon2jpg
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[11]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/photon3jpg
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[12]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/photon-linuxjpg
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[13]:https://www.linux.com/learn/intro-to-linux/2017/11/how-install-and-use-docker-linux
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[14]:https://www.docker.com/
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[15]:https://vmware.github.io/photon/
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[16]:https://www.vmware.com/
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[17]:https://www.vmware.com/products/vsphere.html
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[18]:https://azure.microsoft.com/
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[19]:https://cloud.google.com/compute/
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[20]:https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/
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[21]:https://www.virtualbox.org/
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[22]:https://github.com/vmware/photon/wiki/Downloading-Photon-OS
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[23]:https://github.com/vmware/photon/wiki/Downloading-Photon-OS
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[24]:https://github.com/vmware/photon/wiki/Downloading-Photon-OS
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[25]:https://github.com/vmware/photon/wiki/Downloading-Photon-OS
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[26]:https://github.com/vmware/photon/wiki/Downloading-Photon-OS
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[27]:https://github.com/vmware/photon/issues
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[28]:https://github.com/vmware/photon
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[29]:https://training.linuxfoundation.org/linux-courses/system-administration-training/introduction-to-linux
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@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
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Photon也许能成为你最喜爱的容器操作系统
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============================================================
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Phonton OS专注于容器，是一个非常出色的平台。 —— Jack Wallen
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容器在当下的火热，并不是没有原因的。正如[之前][13]讨论的，容器可以使您轻松快捷地将新的服务与应用部署到您的网络上，而且并不耗费太多的系统资源。比起专用硬件和虚拟机，容器都是更加划算的，除此之外，他们更容易更新与重用。
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更重要的是，容器喜欢Linux（反之亦然）。不需要太多时间和麻烦，你就可以启动一台Linux服务器，运行[Docker][14]，再是部署容器。但是，哪种Linux发行版最适合部署容器呢？我们的选择很多。你可以使用标准的Ubuntu服务器平台（更容易安装Docker并部署容器）或者是更轻量级的发行版 —— 专门用于部署容器。
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[Photon][15]就是这样的一个发行版。这个特殊的版本是由[VMware][16]于2005年创建的，它包含了Docker的守护进程，并与容器框架（如Mesos和Kubernetes）一起使用。Photon经过优化可与[VMware vSphere][17]协同工作，而且可用于裸机，[Microsoft Azure][18], [Google Compute Engine][19], [Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud][20], 或者 [VirtualBox][21]等。
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Photon通过只安装Docker守护进程所必需的东西来保持它的轻量。而这样做的结果是，这个发行版的大小大约只有300MB。但这足以让Linux的运行一切正常。除此之外，Photon的主要特点还有：
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* 内核调整为性能模式。
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* 内核根据[内核自防护项目][6](KSPP)进行了加固。
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* 所有安装的软件包都根据加固的安全标志(hardened security flags)来构建。
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* 操作系统以信任验证(validated trust)启动。
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* Photon管理进程管理防火墙，网络，软件包，和远程登录在Photon机子上的用户。
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* 支持持久卷。
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* [Project Lightwave][7] 整合。
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* 及时的安全补丁与更新。
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Photon可以通过[ISO][22]，[OVA][23]，[Amazon Machine Image][24]，[Google Compute Engine image][25]和[Azure VHD][26]安装使用。现在我将向您展示如何使用ISO镜像在VirtualBox上安装Photon。整个安装过程大概需要五分钟，在最后您将有一台随时可以部署容器的虚拟机。
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### 创建虚拟机
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在部署第一台容器之前，您必须先创建一台虚拟机并安装Photon。为此，打开VirtualBox并点击“新建”按钮。跟着创建虚拟机向导进行配置（根据您的容器将需要的用途，为Photon提供必要的资源）。在创建好虚拟机后，您所需要做的第一件事就是更改配置。选择新建的虚拟机（在VirtualBox主窗口的左侧面板中），然后单击“设置”。在弹出的窗口中，点击“网络”（在左侧的导航中）。
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在“网络”窗口（图1）中，你需要在“连接”的下拉窗口中选择桥接。这可以确保您的Photon服务与您的网络相连。完成更改后，单击确定。
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### [photon_0.jpg][8]
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图 1: 更改Photon在VirtualBox中的网络设置。[经许可使用][1]
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从左侧的导航选择您的Photon虚拟机，点击启动。系统会提示您去加载IOS镜像。当您完成之后，Photon安装程序将会启动并提示您按回车后开始安装。安装过程基于ncurses（没有GUI），但它非常简单。
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接下来（图2），系统会询问您是要最小化安装，完整安装还是安装OSTree服务器。我选择了完整安装。选择您所需要的任意选项，然后按回车继续。
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### [photon_1.jpg][9]
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图 2: 选择您的安装类型.[经许可使用][2]
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在下一个窗口，选择您要安装Photon的磁盘。由于我们将其安装在虚拟机，因此只有一块磁盘会被列出（图3）。选择“自动”按下回车。然后安装程序会让您输入（并验证）管理员密码。在这之后镜像开始安装在您的磁盘上并在不到5分钟的时间内结束。
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### [photon_2.jpg][]
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图 3: 选择安装Photon的硬盘.[经许可使用][3]
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安装完成后，重启虚拟机并使用安装时创建的用户root和它的密码登录。一切就绪，你准备好开始工作了。
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在开始使用Docker之前，您需要更新一下Photon。Photon使用 _yum_ 软件包管理器，因此在以root用户登录后输入命令 _yum update_。如果有任何可用更新，则会询问您是否确认（图4）。
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### [photon_3.jpg][11]
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图 4: 更新 Photon.[经许可使用][4]
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用法
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正如我所说的，Photon提供了部署容器甚至创建Kubernetes集群所需要的所有包。但是，在使用之前还要做一些事情。首先要启动Docker守护进程。为此，执行以下命令：
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```
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systemctl start docker
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systemctl enable docker
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```
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现在我们需要创建一个标准用户(standard user)，因此我们没有以root去运行docker命令。为此，执行以下命令：
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```
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useradd -m USERNAME
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passwd USERNAME
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```
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其中USERNAME是我们新增的用户的名称。
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接下来，我们需要将这个新用户添加到 _docker_ 组，执行命令：
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```
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usermod -a -G docker USERNAME
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```
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其中USERNAME是刚刚创建的用户的名称。
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注销root用户并切换为新增的用户。现在，您已经可以不必使用 _sudo_ 命令或者是切换到root用户来使用 _docker_命令了。从Docker Hub中取出一个镜像开始部署容器吧。
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### 一个优秀的容器平台
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在专注于容器方面，Photon毫无疑问是一个出色的平台。请注意，Photon是一个开源项目，因此没有任何付费支持。如果您对Photon有任何的问题，请移步Photon项目的Github下的[Issues][27]，那里可以供您阅读相关问题，或者提交您的问题。如果您对Photon感兴趣，您也可以在项目的官方[Github][28]中找到源码。
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尝试一下Photon吧，看看它是否能够使得Docker容器和Kubernetes集群的部署更加容易。
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欲了解Linux的更多信息，可以通过学习Linux基金会和edX的免费课程，[“Linux 入门”][29]。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.linux.com/learn/intro-to-linux/2017/11/photon-could-be-your-new-favorite-container-os
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作者：[JACK WALLEN][a]
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译者：[KeyLD](https://github.com/KeyLd)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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||||
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||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.linux.com/users/jlwallen
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[1]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission
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[2]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission
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[3]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission
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[4]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission
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[5]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/creative-commons-zero
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[6]:https://kernsec.org/wiki/index.php/Kernel_Self_Protection_Project
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[7]:http://vmware.github.io/lightwave/
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[8]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/photon0jpg
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[9]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/photon1jpg
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[10]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/photon2jpg
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[11]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/photon3jpg
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[12]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/photon-linuxjpg
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[13]:https://www.linux.com/learn/intro-to-linux/2017/11/how-install-and-use-docker-linux
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[14]:https://www.docker.com/
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[15]:https://vmware.github.io/photon/
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[16]:https://www.vmware.com/
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[17]:https://www.vmware.com/products/vsphere.html
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[18]:https://azure.microsoft.com/
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[19]:https://cloud.google.com/compute/
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[20]:https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/
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[21]:https://www.virtualbox.org/
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[22]:https://github.com/vmware/photon/wiki/Downloading-Photon-OS
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[23]:https://github.com/vmware/photon/wiki/Downloading-Photon-OS
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[24]:https://github.com/vmware/photon/wiki/Downloading-Photon-OS
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[25]:https://github.com/vmware/photon/wiki/Downloading-Photon-OS
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[26]:https://github.com/vmware/photon/wiki/Downloading-Photon-OS
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[27]:https://github.com/vmware/photon/issues
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[28]:https://github.com/vmware/photon
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[29]:https://training.linuxfoundation.org/linux-courses/system-administration-training/introduction-to-linux
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