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[Translated]20140724 What are useful online tools for Linux
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[translating by KayGuoWhu]
What are useful online tools for Linux
================================================================================
As you know, GNU Linux is much more than just an OS. There is literally a whole sphere on the Internet dedicated to the penguin OS. If you read this post, you are probably inclined towards reading about Linux online. Among all the pages that you can find on the subject, there are a couple of websites that every Linux adventurer should have in his bookmarks. These websites are more than just tutorials or reviews. They are real tools that you can access from anywhere and share with everyone. So today I shall propose you a non-exhaustive list of sixteen websites that should be in your bookmarks. Some of them can also be useful for Windows or Mac users: that's the extent of their reach.
### 1. [ExplainShell.com][1] ###
[![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3841/14517716647_3b6a1a564d_z.jpg)][2]
If you are interested in Linux command line, you should use this website. If you are not interested in Linux command line, you should use it even more as it will explain in detail how a command works. This could prevent you from launching a command detrimental to your computer, and is a good way to learn with a great interface.
### 2. [BashrcGenerator.com][3] ###
[![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3900/14703872782_033e5acdb8_z.jpg)][4]
If you want to begin with Linux command line, or if you want to quickly get a customized shell prompt but not sure how, this website will generate for you PS1 prompt code to place your .bashrc file in your home directory. You can drag and drop the elements that you would like to see in your prompt, like your username and the current time, and the website will write the code for you. It's easy and very readable. Definitely a must for the lazy.
### 3. [Vim-adventures.com][5] ###
[![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3838/14681149696_0c533fd6de_z.jpg)][6]
I only recently discovered this website, but it already sucked in many hours of my life. In short: a RPG game with Vim commands. Move your character in the isometric levels with the 'h,j,k,l' keys, gain new commands/abilities, collect keys, and learn how to use Vim proficiently very quickly.
### 4. [Try Github][7] ###
[![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3874/14517499739_0452848d68_z.jpg)][8]
The pitch is simple: learn Git in 15 minutes. This website simulates a console, and walks you though the steps of collaborative editing. The interface is very stylish and the intention is worthy. The only downside is for the Git allergic. But it is definitely a good skill to have, and a good place to learn it.
### 5. [Shortcutfoo.com][9] ###
[![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3906/14517499799_f142ea37cb_z.jpg)][10]
Another shortcut database, shortcutfoo is a bit more standard in its way to present its content to the user, but definitely more straight-forward than funny mini-games. The shortcuts of several programs are available and grouped by categories. As it might not be super complete for software like Vim, which is completely reliant on shortcuts, it is perfect for giving a quick tip or a general overview.
### 6. [GitHub Free Programming Books][11] ###
[![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3867/14517499989_408a28d8be_z.jpg)][12]
As you might guess from the URL, this is a collection of free online books about programming, written collaboratively using Git. The content is awesome and the authors deserve to be praised for such work. It might not be the easiest read at first, but it is one of the most instructive for sure. We can only hope that the movement will keep growing.
### 7. [Collabedit.com][13] ###
[![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2940/14681150086_2d169d67f9_z.jpg)][14]
If you ever plan on giving a phone interview, you should check out collabedit beforehand. It allows you to create a document, select the programming language that you want to write in, and then share that document via the URL. The people opening the link will be able to freely interact in real time with the text, allowing you to judge their programming skills or just exchange snippets. It even comes with the proper syntax highlighting and a chat widget. In other words, it is the instant-Google Document of programmers.
### 8. [Cpp.sh][15] ###
[![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3840/14700981001_af3ac40b65_z.jpg)][16]
This is one of those websites that extend beyond just Linux, but it is so useful that it deserves its place here. In short, an online development environment for C++. Just write your code in your navigator and run it. As a bonus, you get an auto-indentation feature, Ctrl+Z, and the possibility to share the URL with your buddy. This is just one of those crazy things that you can do from a simple browser.
### 9. [Copy.sh][17] ###
[![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3883/14517479870_da521931eb_z.jpg)][18]
In continuation with crazy things that you can do from your browser, copy.sh lets you run a virtual machine online. Just that. It gained fame relatively recently, but the idea is just insane. From the navigator you can select among the defaults virtual images to run, or upload your own iso file. The code for that feat has been shared on [GitHub][19]. Just amazing.
### 10. [Commandlinefu.com][20] ###
[![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3887/14517495938_ca3b831ca9_z.jpg)][21]
We all keep a big snippet of command-line "gems" on our computer. commandlinefu's goal is to release those snippets to the world. As a collaborative database, it resembles the Wikipedia of the command line. Everyone is free to register and post their favorite command on the website for everyone else to see. You will then be able to access that knowledge from everywhere and share it with everyone. If you are interested in mastering the shell, commandlinefu also proposes great features like random commands and a news feed to learn something new every day.
### 11. [Alias.sh][22] ###
[![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3868/14701762124_a7b3547aca_z.jpg)][23]
Another collaborative database, alias.sh (I love the URL) is a bit like commandlinefu but for shell aliases. You can share and discover useful aliases which will make your CLI experience so much better. I personally like the alias to get the dimensions of a picture.
function dim(){ sips $1 -g pixelWidth -g pixelHeight }
All the seconds you save with alias.sh probably accumulate with time, and turn to years by the end of your life.
### 12. [Distrowatch.com][24] ###
[![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2910/14681149996_50a45bff78_z.jpg)][25]
Who does not know Distrowatch? Besides giving a precise ranking of Linux distributions based on their website popularity, Distrowatch is also a very useful database. Whether you are looking for a new distribution to try, or just curious, it presents an exhaustive account of every Linux you can find, with information like which default desktop environment it uses, or package system, or its default applications. And all the versions, and with easily accessible download links. In a word, the Linux database.
### 13. [Linuxmanpages.com][26] ###
[![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3911/14704165765_8e30cb3d3f_z.jpg)][27]
Everything is in the URL: access the manual pages for popular commands from anywhere. Not really sure if this would actually be useful for Linux users as you can access that from your actual terminal, but the intent is remarkable.
### 14. [AwesomeCow.com][28] ###
[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5558/14704165965_02b10ee293_z.jpg)][29]
This is maybe a bit less hardcore Linux, but definitely useful to some. Awesomecow is a search engine for finding alternatives to Windows software on Linux. It can be helpful for anyone migrating to the penguin, or nostalgic of a Windows program. I see this as a strength, showing that Linux can compete with the professional spheres when it comes sot software quality. Or at least try to.
### 15. [PenguSpy.com][30] ###
[![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3904/14517495728_f6877e8e3b_z.jpg)][31]
Before Steam started to show up on Linux, gaming was probably one of the penguin's weakness. But the website penguspy made the effort of fighting that weakness by collecting all Linux compatible games in a database with a sexy interface. Games can be sorted by categories, release dates, ratings, etc. I really hope that websites like this are not going to disappear because of Steam as it remains one of my favorites of this list.
### 16. [Linux Cross Reference by Free Electrons][32] ###
[![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3913/14712049464_6b666e2cfa_z.jpg)][33]
Finally, for all the experts and the curious, lxr is the anagram from Linux Cross Reference, and allows us to interactively view the Linux Kernel code online. The navigation is made easy via identifiers, and you can compare the different versions of the files with a standard diff markup. The interface is sober and straight-forward, and this is just a website that perfectly illustrates the concept of open source.
To conclude, there are a lot more websites which deserve to be listed, and this might be a topic for a part two to this post. But this is a good start. It serves as an appetizer to what can be found online as tools for Linux users. If you have any other pages that you would like to share, following this thematic, do so in the comments. And maybe contribute to a sequel to this list.
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via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/07/useful-online-tools-linux.html
原文作者:[Adrien Brochard][a](I am a Linux aficionado from France. After trying multiple distributions, I finally settled for Archlinux. But I am always trying to improve my system by stacking up tips and tricks.)
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/adrien
[1]:http://explainshell.com/
[2]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14517716647/
[3]:http://bashrcgenerator.com/
[4]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14703872782/
[5]:http://vim-adventures.com/
[6]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14681149696/
[7]:https://try.github.io/
[8]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14517499739/
[9]:https://www.shortcutfoo.com/
[10]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14517499799/
[11]:https://github.com/vhf/free-programming-books/blob/master/free-programming-books.md
[12]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14517499989/
[13]:http://collabedit.com/
[14]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14681150086/
[15]:http://cpp.sh/
[16]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14700981001/
[17]:http://copy.sh/v24/
[18]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14517479870/
[19]:https://github.com/copy/v86
[20]:http://www.commandlinefu.com/
[21]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14517495938/
[22]:http://alias.sh/
[23]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14701762124/
[24]:http://distrowatch.com/
[25]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14681149996/
[26]:http://www.linuxmanpages.com/
[27]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14704165765/
[28]:http://awesomecow.com/
[29]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14704165965/
[30]:http://www.penguspy.com/
[31]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14517495728/
[32]:http://lxr.free-electrons.com/
[33]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14712049464/

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在Ubuntu 14.04中安装Webmin
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![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/webmin-790x586.jpg)
[Webmin][1]是一款开源的、基于web的、适合Unix/Linux的系统管理工具。使用Webmin你可以通过任何一款现有的网页浏览器来设置和配置所有的系统服务比如DNS、DHCP、Apache、NFS和Samba等。因此你无需记住所有的命令或手动编辑任何的配置文件了。
### 使用官方仓库在Ubuntu 14.04 LTS上安装Webmin ###
添加webmin的官方库
编辑文件**/etc/apt/sources.list**,
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list
添加下列行内容:
deb http://download.webmin.com/download/repository sarge contrib
deb http://webmin.mirror.somersettechsolutions.co.uk/repository sarge contrib
添加GPG密钥
sudo wget http://www.webmin.com/jcameron-key.asc
sudo apt-key add jcameron-key.asc
更新软件列表:
sudo apt-get update
使用下列命令安装webmin
sudo apt-get install webmin
如果你想远程访问webmin的控制台则需要设置防火墙允许通过webmin的默认端口“10000”。
sudo ufw allow 10000
### 访问Webmin控制台 ###
打开你的浏览器,转到这个地址**https://ip-address:10000/**。将会出现下面的画面输入用户名和密码就可以登陆进webmin控制台了。
![Login to Webmin](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Login-to-Webmin-Mozilla-Firefox_010.png)
这是我的Webmin控制面板的样子。
![Webmin 1.690 on server.unixmen.local (Ubuntu Linux 14.04)](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Webmin-1.690-on-server.unixmen.local-Ubuntu-Linux-14.04-Mozilla-Firefox_011.png)
就是这样简单。现在你就可以图形化地管理和配置你的Ubuntu服务器了。欢呼吧
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.unixmen.com/install-webmin-ubuntu-14-04/
译者:[KayGuoWhu](https://github.com/KayGuoWhu) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[1]:http://www.webmin.com/

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适用于Linux的在线工具
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众所周知GNU Linux不仅仅只是一款操作系统。看起来通过互联网全球许多人都在致力于这款企鹅图标即Linux的操作系统。如果你读到这篇文章你可能倾向于读到关于Linux联机的内容。在可以找到的所有关于这个主题的网页中有一些网站是每个Linux爱好者都应该收藏起来的。这些网站不仅仅只是教程或回顾更是可以随时随地访问并与他人共享的实用工具。所以今天我会建议一份包含16个应该收藏的网址清单。它们中的一些对Windows或Mac用户同样有用这是在他们的能力范围内可以做到的。译者注Windows和Mac一样可以很好地体验Linux
### 1. [ExplainShell.com][1] ###
[![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3841/14517716647_3b6a1a564d_z.jpg)][2]
如果你对Linux命令行感兴趣那就试试这个网站。如果你对Linux命令行不感兴趣那就更应该试试它因为它会详尽地告诉你一个命令是如何工作的。这会防止你无意执行一个对电脑有害的命令而且通过一个非常赞的界面来学习是一个好方法。
### 2. [BashrcGenerator.com][3] ###
[![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3900/14703872782_033e5acdb8_z.jpg)][4]
如果你想开始学习Linux命令行或者想快速地得到一个自定义的shell命令提示符但不知道从何下手这个网站会为你生成PS1提示代码在家目录下放置.bashrc文件。你可以拖拽任何你想在提示符里看到的元素譬如用户名和当前时间这个网站都会为你编写易懂可读的代码。绝对是懒人必备
### 3. [Vim-adventures.com][5] ###
[![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3838/14681149696_0c533fd6de_z.jpg)][6]
我是最近才发现这个网站的但我的生活已经深陷其中。简而言之它就是一个使用Vim命令的RPG游戏。在等距的水平上使用h,j,k,l四个键移动字母获取新的命令/能力收集关键词非常快速地学习高效地使用Vim。
### 4. [Try Github][7] ###
[![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3874/14517499739_0452848d68_z.jpg)][8]
目标很简单15分钟学会Git。这个网站模拟一个控制台带你遍历这种协作编辑的每一步。界面非常时尚目的十分有用。唯一不足的是对Git敏感但Git绝对是一项不错的技能这里也是学习Git的绝佳之处。
### 5. [Shortcutfoo.com][9] ###
[![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3906/14517499799_f142ea37cb_z.jpg)][10]
又一个包含众多快捷键数据库的网站shortcutfoo以更标准的方式将其内容呈现给用户但绝对比有趣的迷你游戏更直截了当。这里有许多软件的快捷键并按类别分组。虽然它不像Vim一类完全依赖快捷键的软件那么全面但也足以提供快速的提示或一般性的概述。
### 6. [GitHub Free Programming Books][11] ###
[![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3867/14517499989_408a28d8be_z.jpg)][12]
正如你从URL上猜到的一样这个网站就是免费在线编程书籍的集合使用Git协作方式编写。上面的内容非常好作者们应该为做出这些工作受到表扬。它可能不是最容易阅读的但一定是最有启发性的之一。我们只希望这项运动能持续进行。
### 7. [Collabedit.com][13] ###
[![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2940/14681150086_2d169d67f9_z.jpg)][14]
如果你曾经准备过电话面试你应该先试试collabedit。它让你创建文件选择你想使用的编程语言然后通过URL共享文档。打开链接的人可以免费地实时使用文本交互使你可以评判他们的编程水平或只是交换一些程序片段。这里甚至还提供合适的语法高亮和聊天功能。换句话说这就是程序员的即时Google文档。
### 8. [Cpp.sh][15] ###
[![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3840/14700981001_af3ac40b65_z.jpg)][16]
尽管这个网站超出了Linux范围但因为它非常有用所以值得将它放在这里。简单地说这是一个C++在线开发环境。只需在导航栏里编写程序然后运行它。作为奖励你可以使用自动补全、Ctrl+Z以及和你的小伙伴共享URL。这些有趣的事情你只需要通过一个简单的浏览器就能做到。
### 9. [Copy.sh][17] ###
[![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3883/14517479870_da521931eb_z.jpg)][18]
如果想继续在浏览器上做一些疯狂的事情你可以试试在copy.sh上在线运行一个虚拟机。就是这么简单。这个网站最近小有名气但这个点子确实有些疯狂。从导航栏里你可以选择运行默认的虚拟机镜像或者上传你自己的iso文件。这项壮举的代码已经共享在[GitHub][19]。尽情尖叫吧!
### 10. [Commandlinefu.com][20] ###
[![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3887/14517495938_ca3b831ca9_z.jpg)][21]
我们总是在自己的电脑上保存着一大段类似于“gems”的命令行【翻译得不准确麻烦校正】commandlinefu的目标是把这些片段释放给全世界。作为一个协作式数据库它就像是命令行里的维基百科。每个人可以免费注册把自己最钟爱的命令提交到这个网站上给其他人看。你将能够获取来自四面八方的知识并与人分享。如果你对精通shell饶有兴趣commandlinefu也可以提供一些优秀的特性比如随机命令和每天学习新知识的新闻订阅。
### 11. [Alias.sh][22] ###
[![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3868/14701762124_a7b3547aca_z.jpg)][23]
另一协作式数据库alias.sh我爱死这个URL了有点像commandlinefu但是为shell别名开发的。你可以共享和发现一些有用的别名来使你的CLI命令行界面体验更加舒服。我个人喜欢这个获取图片维度的别名。
function dim(){ sips $1 -g pixelWidth -g pixelHeight }
你通过alias.sh节省下来的时间会积少成多当你走到人生尽头的时候会发现省下了许多年。译者注珍爱生命多用别名
### 12. [Distrowatch.com][24] ###
[![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2910/14681149996_50a45bff78_z.jpg)][25]
有谁不知道Distrowatch除了基于这个网站流行度给出一个精确的Linux发行版排名Distrowatch也是一个非常有用的数据库。无论你正苦苦寻找一个新的发行版还是只是出于好奇它都能为你能找到的每个Linux版本呈现一个详尽的描述包含默认的桌面环境包管理系统默认应用程序等信息还有所有的版本号以及可用的下载链接。总而言之这就是个Linux宝库。
### 13. [Linuxmanpages.com][26] ###
[![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3911/14704165765_8e30cb3d3f_z.jpg)][27]
一切都在URL中随时随地获取主流命令的手册页面。尽管不确信对于Linux用户是否真的有用因为他们可以从真实的终端中获取这些信息但这里的内容还是值得关注的。
### 14. [AwesomeCow.com][28] ###
[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5558/14704165965_02b10ee293_z.jpg)][29]
这里可能少一些核心的Linux内容但肯定是有一些用的。Awesomecow是一个搜索引擎来寻找Windows软件在Linux上的替代品。它对那些迁移到企鹅操作系统Linux或习惯Windows软件的人很有帮助。我认为这个网站代表一种能力表明了在谈到软件质量时Linux也可以适用于专业领域。大家至少可以尝试一下。
### 15. [PenguSpy.com][30] ###
[![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3904/14517495728_f6877e8e3b_z.jpg)][31]
Steam在Linux上崭露头角之前游戏性可能是Linux的软肋。但这个名为“pengsupy”的网站不遗余力地弥补这个软肋通过使用漂亮的接口在数据库中收集所有兼容Linux的游戏。游戏按照类别、发行日期、评分等指标分类。我真心希望这一类的网站不会因为Steam的存在走向衰亡毕竟这是我在这个列表里最喜爱的网站之一。
### 16. [Linux Cross Reference by Free Electrons][32] ###
[![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3913/14712049464_6b666e2cfa_z.jpg)][33]
最后对所有的专家和好奇的用户lxr是源自Linux Cross Reference的回文构词法使我们能交互地在线查看Linux内核代码。通过标识符可以很方便地使用导航栏你可以使用标准的diff标记对比文件的不同版本。这个网站的界面看起来严肃直接毕竟这只是一个希望完美阐述开源观点的网站。
总而言之应该列出更多这一类的网站作为这篇文章第二部分的主题。但这篇文章是一个好的开始是一道为Linux用户寻找在线工具的开胃菜。如果你有其它任何想要分享的页面而且是紧跟这个主题的在评论里写出来。这将有助于续写这个列表。
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via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/07/useful-online-tools-linux.html
原文作者:[Adrien Brochard][a]我是一名来自法国的Linux狂热爱好者。在尝试过众多的发行版后我最终选择了Archlinux。但我一直会通过叠加技巧和窍门来优化我的系统。
译者:[KayGuoWhu](https://github.com/KayGuoWhu) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/adrien
[1]:http://explainshell.com/
[2]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14517716647/
[3]:http://bashrcgenerator.com/
[4]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14703872782/
[5]:http://vim-adventures.com/
[6]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14681149696/
[7]:https://try.github.io/
[8]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14517499739/
[9]:https://www.shortcutfoo.com/
[10]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14517499799/
[11]:https://github.com/vhf/free-programming-books/blob/master/free-programming-books.md
[12]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14517499989/
[13]:http://collabedit.com/
[14]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14681150086/
[15]:http://cpp.sh/
[16]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14700981001/
[17]:http://copy.sh/v24/
[18]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14517479870/
[19]:https://github.com/copy/v86
[20]:http://www.commandlinefu.com/
[21]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14517495938/
[22]:http://alias.sh/
[23]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14701762124/
[24]:http://distrowatch.com/
[25]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14681149996/
[26]:http://www.linuxmanpages.com/
[27]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14704165765/
[28]:http://awesomecow.com/
[29]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14704165965/
[30]:http://www.penguspy.com/
[31]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14517495728/
[32]:http://lxr.free-electrons.com/
[33]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14712049464/