diff --git a/sources/tech/20221219.1 ⭐️⭐️ How I use my old camera as a webcam with Linux.md b/sources/tech/20221219.1 ⭐️⭐️ How I use my old camera as a webcam with Linux.md
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-[#]: subject: "How I use my old camera as a webcam with Linux"
-[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/12/old-camera-webcam-linux"
-[#]: author: "Tom Oliver https://opensource.com/users/tomoliver"
-[#]: collector: "lkxed"
-[#]: translator: "Pabloxllwe"
-[#]: reviewer: " "
-[#]: publisher: " "
-[#]: url: " "
-
-How I use my old camera as a webcam with Linux
-======
-
-This year after largely abandoning my MacBook in favor of a NixOS machine, I started getting requests to "turn my camera on" when video calling people. This was a problem because I didn't have a webcam. I thought about buying one, but then I realized I had a perfectly good Canon EOS Rebel XS DSLR from 2008 lying around on my shelf. This camera has a mini-USB port, so naturally, I pondered: Did a DSLR, mini-USB port, and a desktop PC mean I could have a webcam?
-
-There's just one problem. My Canon EOS Rebel XS isn't capable of recording video. It can take some nice pictures, but that's about it. So that's the end of that.
-
-Or is it?
-
-There happens to be some amazing open source software called [gphoto2][1]. Once installed, it allows you to control various supported cameras from your computer and it takes photos and videos.
-
-### Supported cameras
-
-First, find out whether yours is supported:
-
-```
-$ gphoto2 --list-cameras
-```
-
-### Capture an image
-
-You can take a picture with it:
-
-```
-$ gphoto2 --capture-image-and-download
-```
-
-The shutter activates, and the image is saved to your current working directory.
-
-### Capture video
-
-I sensed the potential here, so despite the aforementioned lack of video functionality on my camera, I decided to try `gphoto2 --capture-movie`. Somehow, although my camera does not support video natively, gphoto2 still manages to spit out an MJPEG file!
-
-On my camera, I need to put it in "live-view" mode before gphoto2 records video. This consists of setting the camera to portrait mode and then pressing the **Set** button so that the viewfinder is off and the camera screen displays an image. Unfortunately, though, this isn't enough to be able to use it as a webcam. It still needs to get assigned a video device, such as `/dev/video0`.
-
-### Install ffmpeg and v4l2loopback
-
-Not surprisingly, there's an open source solution to this problem. First, use your package manager to install `gphoto2`, `ffmpeg`, and `mpv`. For example, on Fedora, CentOS, Mageia, and similar:
-
-```
-$ sudo dnf install gphoto2 ffmpeg mpv
-```
-
-On Debian, Linux Mint, and similar:
-
-```
-$ sudo apt install gphoto2 ffmpeg mpv
-```
-
-I use NixOS, so here's my configuration:
-
-```
-# configuration.nix
-...
-environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
-  ffmpeg
-  gphoto2
-  mpv
-...
-```
-
-Creating a virtual video device requires the `v4l2loopback` Linux kernel module. At the time of this writing, that capability is not included in the mainline kernel, so you must download and compile it yourself:
-
-```
-$ git clone https://github.com/umlaeute/v4l2loopback
-$ cd v4l2loopback
-$ make
-$ sudo make install
-$ sudo depmod -a
-```
-
-If you're using NixOS like me, you can just add the extra module package in `configuration.nix`:
-
-```
-[...]
-boot.extraModulePackages = with config.boot.kernelPackages;
-[ v4l2loopback.out ];
-boot.kernelModules = [
-  "v4l2loopback"
-];
-boot.extraModprobeConfig = ''
-  options v4l2loopback exclusive_caps=1 card_label="Virtual Camera"
-'';
-[...]
-```
-
-On NixOS, run `sudo nixos-rebuild switch` and then reboot.
-
-### Create a video device
-
-Assuming your computer currently has no `/dev/video` device, you can create one on demand thanks to the `v4l2loopback`.
-
-Run this command to send data from `gphoto2` to `ffmpeg`, using a device such as `/dev/video0` device:
-
-```
-$ gphoto2 --stdout --capture-movie |
- ffmpeg -i - -vcodec rawvideo -pix_fmt yuv420p -f v4l2 /dev/video0
-```
-
-You get output like this:
-
-```
-ffmpeg version 4.4.1 Copyright (c) 2000-2021 the FFmpeg developers
-  built with gcc 11.3.0 (GCC)
-  configuration: --disable-static ...
-  libavutil      56. 70.100 / 56. 70.100
-  libavcodec     58.134.100 / 58.134.100
-  libavformat    58. 76.100 / 58. 76.100
-  libavdevice    58. 13.100 / 58. 13.100
-  libavfilter     7.110.100 /  7.110.100
-  libavresample   4.  0.  0 /  4.  0.  0
-  libswscale      5.  9.100 /  5.  9.100
-  libswresample   3.  9.100 /  3.  9.100
-  libpostproc    55.  9.100 / 55.  9.100
-Capturing preview frames as movie to 'stdout'. Press Ctrl-C to abort.[mjpeg @ 0x1dd0380] Format mjpeg detected only with low score of 25, misdetection possible!
-Input #0, mjpeg, from 'pipe:':
-  Duration: N/A, bitrate: N/A
-  Stream #0:0: Video: mjpeg (Baseline), yuvj422p(pc, bt470bg/unknown/unknown), 768x512 ...
-Stream mapping:
-  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (mjpeg (native) -> rawvideo (native))[swscaler @ 0x1e27340] deprecated pixel format used, make sure you did set range correctly
-Output #0, video4linux2,v4l2, to '/dev/video0':
-  Metadata:
-    encoder         : Lavf58.76.100
-  Stream #0:0: Video: rawvideo (I420 / 0x30323449) ...
-    Metadata:
-      encoder         : Lavc58.134.100 rawvideoframe=  289 fps= 23 q=-0.0 size=N/A time=00:00:11.56 bitrate=N/A speed=0.907x
-```
-
-To see the video feed from your webcam, use `mpv`:
-
-```
-$ mpv av://v4l2:/dev/video0 --profile=low-latency --untimed
-```
-
-![Streaming a live feed from the webcam][2]
-
-### Start your webcam automatically
-
-It's a bit annoying to execute a command every time you want to use your webcam. Luckily, you can run this command automatically at startup. I implement it as a `systemd` service:
-
-```
-# configuration.nix
-...
-  systemd.services.webcam = {
-    enable = true;
-    script = ''
-      ${pkgs.gphoto2}/bin/gphoto2 --stdout --capture-movie |
-        ${pkgs.ffmpeg}/bin/ffmpeg -i - \
-            -vcodec rawvideo -pix_fmt yuv420p -f v4l2  /dev/video0
-    '';
-wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
-  };
-...
-```
-
-On NixOS, run `sudo nixos-rebuild switch` and then reboot your computer. Your webcam is on and active.
-
-To check for any problems, you can use `systemctl status webcam`. This tells you the last time the service was run and provides a log of its previous output. It's useful for debugging.
-
-### Iterating to make it better
-
-It's tempting to stop here. However, considering the current global crises, it may be pertinent to wonder whether it's necessary to have a webcam on all the time. It strikes me as sub-optimal for two reasons:
-
-- It's a waste of electricity.
-- There are privacy concerns associated with this kind of thing.
-
-My camera has a lens cap, so to be honest, the second point doesn't really bother me. I can always put the lens cap on when I'm not using the webcam. However, leaving a big power-hungry DSLR camera on all day (not to mention the CPU overhead required for decoding the video) isn't doing anything for my electricity bill.
-
-The ideal scenario:
-
-- I leave my camera plugged in to my computer all the time but switched off.
-- When I want to use the webcam, I switch on the camera with its power button.
-- My computer detects the camera and starts the systemd service.
-- After finishing with the webcam, I switch it off again.
-
-To achieve this, you need to use a custom [udev rule][3].
-
-A udev rule tells your computer to perform a certain task when it discovers that a device has become available. This could be an external hard drive or even a non-USB device. In this case, you need it to [recognize the camera through its USB connection][4].
-
-First, specify what command to run when the udev rule is triggered. You can do that as a shell script (`systemctl restart webcam` should work). I run NixOS, so I just create a derivation (a Nix package) that restarts the systemd service:
-
-```
-# start-webcam.nix
-with import <nixpkgs> { };
-writeShellScriptBin "start-webcam" ''
-  systemctl restart webcam
-  # debugging example
-  # echo "hello" &> /home/tom/myfile.txt
-  # If myfile.txt gets created then we know the udev rule has triggered properly''
-```
-
-Next, actually define the udev rule. Find the device and vendor ID of the camera. Do this by using the `lsusb` command. That command is likely already installed on your distribution, but I don't use it often, so I just install it as needed using `nix-shell`:
-
-```
-$ nix-shell -p usbutils
-```
-
-Whether you already have it on your computer or you've just installed it, run `lsusb`:
-
-```
-$ lsusb
-Bus 002 Device 008: ID 04a9:317b Canon, Inc. Canon Digital Camera[...]
-```
-
-In this output, the vendor ID is 04a9 and the device ID is 317b. That's enough to create the udev rule:
-
-```
-ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb",
-ATTR{idVendor}=="04a9",
-ATTR{idProduct}=="317b",
-RUN+="/usr/local/bin/start-webcam.sh"
-```
-
-Alternatively, if you're using NixOS:
-
-```
-# configuration.nix[...]let
-  startWebcam = import ./start-webcam.nix;[...]
-services.udev.extraRules = ''
-  ACTION=="add",  \
-  SUBSYSTEM=="usb", \
-  ATTR{idVendor}=="04a9", \
-  ATTR{idProduct}=="317b",  \
-  RUN+="${startWebcam}/bin/start-webcam"'';[...]
-```
-
-Finally, remove the **wantedBy = ["multi-user.target"];** line in your `start-webcam` systemd service. (If you leave it, then the service starts automatically when you next reboot, whether the camera is switched on or not.)
-
-### Reuse old technology
-
-I hope this article has made you think twice before chucking some of your old tech. Linux can breathe life back into technology, whether it's your [computer][5] or something simple like a digital camera or some other peripheral.
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: https://opensource.com/article/22/12/old-camera-webcam-linux
-
-作者：[Tom Oliver][a]
-选题：[lkxed][b]
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
-校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
-
-[a]: https://opensource.com/users/tomoliver
-[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
-[1]: https://opensource.com/article/20/7/gphoto2-linux
-[2]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-12/streaming-webcam.png
-[3]: https://opensource.com/article/18/11/udev
-[4]: https://opensource.com/article/22/1/cameras-usb-ports-obs
-[5]: https://opensource.com/article/22/4/how-linux-saves-earth
-
diff --git a/translated/tech/20221219.1 ⭐️⭐️ How I use my old camera as a webcam with Linux.md b/translated/tech/20221219.1 ⭐️⭐️ How I use my old camera as a webcam with Linux.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..313a16cb4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/translated/tech/20221219.1 ⭐️⭐️ How I use my old camera as a webcam with Linux.md	
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+[#]: subject: "How I use my old camera as a webcam with Linux"
+[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/12/old-camera-webcam-linux"
+[#]: author: "Tom Oliver https://opensource.com/users/tomoliver"
+[#]: collector: "lkxed"
+[#]: translator: "Pabloxllwe"
+[#]: reviewer: " "
+[#]: publisher: " "
+[#]: url: " "
+
+# 如何在 Linux 中使用旧相机作为网络摄像头
+
+今年，在我基本上放弃 MacBook 转而使用 NixOS 机器之后，我开始收到要求在与人进行视频通话时“打开摄像头”的请求。这是一个问题，因为我没有网络摄像头。我考虑购买一个，但后来我意识到我有一台完好无损的2008年产的佳能EOS Rebel XS数码单反相机放在书架上。这台相机有一个 mini-USB 接口，所以我自然而然地思考：一台数码单反相机、一个 mini-USB 接口和一台台式电脑意味着我能拥有一个网络摄像头吗？
+
+只有一个问题。我的佳能 EOS Rebel XS 不能录制视频。它可以拍摄一些漂亮的照片，但就这样了。所以这就是它所有的功能了。
+
+还是有别的办法？
+
+有一个叫做 [gphoto2](http://gphoto.org/) 的惊人的开源软件。一旦安装，它允许您从计算机控制各种受支持的相机，并拍摄照片和视频。
+
+### 支持的摄像头
+
+首先，了解您的设备是否得到支持
+
+```
+$ gphoto2 --list-cameras
+```
+
+### 拍摄图像
+
+你可以用它拍照：
+
+```
+$ gphoto2 --capture-image-and-download
+```
+
+快门会被触发，图像会保存到您当前的工作目录中。
+
+### 录制视频
+
+我意识到了这里的潜力，所以尽管我的相机没有视频功能，我还是决定尝试`gphoto2 --capture-movie`命令。不知怎么的，尽管我的相机不支持视频功能，gphoto2 仍然能够生成一个 MJPEG 文件！
+
+在我的相机上，我需要将其置于“实时预览”模式下，然后 gphoto2 才能录制视频。这包括将相机设置为纵向模式，然后按下 Set 按钮，使取景器关闭，相机屏幕显示图像。不幸的是，这还不足以将其用作网络摄像头。它仍然需要分配一个视频设备，例如`/dev/video0`。
+
+### 安装 ffmpeg 和 v4l2loopback
+
+毫不奇怪，有一个开源的解决方案来解决这个问题。首先，使用您的包管理器安装`gphoto2`、`ffmpeg`和`mpv`。例如，在 Fedora 、CentOS 、Mageia 和类似的 Linux 发行版上：
+
+```
+$ sudo dnf install gphoto2 ffmpeg mpv
+```
+
+在 Debian , Linux Mint 及其类似发行版:
+
+```
+$ sudo apt install gphoto2 ffmpeg mpv
+```
+
+我使用的是 NixOS ，这是我的配置文件：
+
+```
+# configuration.nix
+...
+environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
+  ffmpeg
+  gphoto2
+  mpv
+...
+```
+
+创建虚拟视频设备需要使用 `v4l2loopback` Linux 内核模块。在撰写本文时，该功能未包含在主线内核中，因此您需要自己下载和编译它:
+
+```
+$ git clone https://github.com/umlaeute/v4l2loopback
+$ cd v4l2loopback
+$ make
+$ sudo make install
+$ sudo depmod -a
+```
+
+如果你像我一样使用 NixOS ，你可以在 “configuration.nix” 中添加额外的模块包：
+
+```
+[...]
+boot.extraModulePackages = with config.boot.kernelPackages;
+[ v4l2loopback.out ];
+boot.kernelModules = [
+  "v4l2loopback"
+];
+boot.extraModprobeConfig = ''
+  options v4l2loopback exclusive_caps=1 card_label="Virtual Camera"
+'';
+[...]
+```
+
+在 NixOS 上, 运行 `sudo nixos-rebuild switch` 然后重启。
+
+### 创建一个视频设备
+
+假设你的计算机当前没有 `/dev/video` 设备，你可以借助 `v4l2loopback` 在需要时创建一个。
+
+运行以下命令，将 `gphoto2` 中的数据发送到 `ffmpeg`，使用设备如 `/dev/video0` 设备：
+
+```
+$ gphoto2 --stdout --capture-movie |
+ ffmpeg -i - -vcodec rawvideo -pix_fmt yuv420p -f v4l2 /dev/video0
+```
+
+你得到的输出是这样的:
+
+```
+ffmpeg version 4.4.1 Copyright (c) 2000-2021 the FFmpeg developers
+  built with gcc 11.3.0 (GCC)
+  configuration: --disable-static ...
+  libavutil      56. 70.100 / 56. 70.100
+  libavcodec     58.134.100 / 58.134.100
+  libavformat    58. 76.100 / 58. 76.100
+  libavdevice    58. 13.100 / 58. 13.100
+  libavfilter     7.110.100 /  7.110.100
+  libavresample   4.  0.  0 /  4.  0.  0
+  libswscale      5.  9.100 /  5.  9.100
+  libswresample   3.  9.100 /  3.  9.100
+  libpostproc    55.  9.100 / 55.  9.100
+Capturing preview frames as movie to 'stdout'. Press Ctrl-C to abort.[mjpeg @ 0x1dd0380] Format mjpeg detected only with low score of 25, misdetection possible!
+Input #0, mjpeg, from 'pipe:':
+  Duration: N/A, bitrate: N/A
+  Stream #0:0: Video: mjpeg (Baseline), yuvj422p(pc, bt470bg/unknown/unknown), 768x512 ...
+Stream mapping:
+  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (mjpeg (native) -> rawvideo (native))[swscaler @ 0x1e27340] deprecated pixel format used, make sure you did set range correctly
+Output #0, video4linux2,v4l2, to '/dev/video0':
+  Metadata:
+    encoder         : Lavf58.76.100
+  Stream #0:0: Video: rawvideo (I420 / 0x30323449) ...
+    Metadata:
+      encoder         : Lavc58.134.100 rawvideoframe=  289 fps= 23 q=-0.0 size=N/A time=00:00:11.56 bitrate=N/A speed=0.907x
+```
+
+要查看来自网络摄像头的视频，请使用 `mpv`。
+
+```
+$ mpv av://v4l2:/dev/video0 --profile=low-latency --untimed
+```
+
+![Streaming a live feed from the webcam][2]
+
+### 自动启动你的网络摄像头
+
+每次想使用网络摄像头时都需要执行一次命令有点麻烦。幸运的是，你可以在启动时自动运行此命令。我将其实现为一个 `systemd` 服务：
+
+```
+# configuration.nix
+...
+  systemd.services.webcam = {
+    enable = true;
+    script = ''
+      ${pkgs.gphoto2}/bin/gphoto2 --stdout --capture-movie |
+        ${pkgs.ffmpeg}/bin/ffmpeg -i - \
+            -vcodec rawvideo -pix_fmt yuv420p -f v4l2  /dev/video0
+    '';
+wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
+  };
+...
+```
+
+在 NixOS 上，运行 `sudo nixos-rebuild switch`，然后重新启动你的计算机。你的网络摄像头已经开启并处于活动状态。
+
+要检查是否存在任何问题，可以使用 `systemctl status webcam` 命令。它会告诉你服务最后一次运行的时间，并提供其以前输出的日志。这对于调试非常有用。
+
+### 迭代以使其变得更好
+
+止步于此也许很诱人。但是，考虑到当前的全球危机，我们可能需要思考是否有必要一直开着网络摄像头。这让我感到不太理想，原因如下：
+
+- 这浪费电
+- 这类事情涉及隐私问题。
+
+我的摄像头有一个镜头盖，所以说实话，第二个原因并不真的让我感到困扰。当我不使用网络摄像头时，我总是可以把镜头盖上。然而，让一个耗电量大的单反相机整天开着（更不用说需要解码视频所需的 CPU 开销），对我的电费并没有任何好处。
+
+理想情况：
+
+- 我一直把相机插在电脑上，但它关机了。
+- 当我想使用网络摄像头时，我按下相机的电源按钮将其打开。
+- 我的计算机会检测到相机并启动 systemd 服务。
+- 使用网络摄像头完成后，我再次将其关闭
+
+为了实现这一点，你需要使用一个自定义的 udev 规则。
+
+一个 udev 规则告诉你的计算机，当它发现某个设备已经可用时执行某个任务。这可以是外部硬盘甚至是非 USB 设备。在这种情况下，你需要通过其 USB 连接识别摄像头。
+
+首先，指定 udev 规则被触发时要运行的命令。你可以将其作为一个 shell 脚本来完成（`systemctl restart webcam` 应该可以工作）。我运行的是 NixOS，所以我只需要创建一个派生包（一个 Nix 包），它会重新启动 systemd 服务：
+
+```
+# start-webcam.nix
+with import <nixpkgs> { };
+writeShellScriptBin "start-webcam" ''
+  systemctl restart webcam
+  # debugging example
+  # echo "hello" &> /home/tom/myfile.txt
+  # If myfile.txt gets created then we know the udev rule has triggered properly''
+```
+
+接下来，实际定义 udev 规则。查找摄像头的设备和厂商 ID。使用 `lsusb` 命令可以完成此操作。该命令可能已经安装在你的发行版上，但我不经常使用它，因此我只需要根据需要使用 `nix-shell` 安装它：
+
+```
+$ nix-shell -p usbutils
+```
+
+无论您的计算机上已经安装了它，还是刚刚安装，请运行 “lsusb” ：
+
+```
+$ lsusb
+Bus 002 Device 008: ID 04a9:317b Canon, Inc. Canon Digital Camera[...]
+```
+
+在此输出中，厂商 ID 为 04a9，设备 ID 为 317b。这已足以创建 udev 规则：
+
+```
+ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb",
+ATTR{idVendor}=="04a9",
+ATTR{idProduct}=="317b",
+RUN+="/usr/local/bin/start-webcam.sh"
+```
+
+或者，如果您使用的是 NixOS ：
+
+```
+# configuration.nix[...]let
+  startWebcam = import ./start-webcam.nix;[...]
+services.udev.extraRules = ''
+  ACTION=="add",  \
+  SUBSYSTEM=="usb", \
+  ATTR{idVendor}=="04a9", \
+  ATTR{idProduct}=="317b",  \
+  RUN+="${startWebcam}/bin/start-webcam"'';[...]
+```
+
+最后，在你的 `start-webcam` systemd 服务中删除 **wantedBy = ["multi-user.target"];** 这一行。（如果保留它，则无论相机是否开启，该服务都会在下次重启时自动启动。）
+
+### 重复使用旧技术
+
+我希望这篇文章能让你在放弃一些旧技术之前三思而后行。Linux可以为技术注入活力，无论是你的电脑还是数码相机或其他外围设备等简单的东西。
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://opensource.com/article/22/12/old-camera-webcam-linux
+
+作者：[Tom Oliver][a]
+选题：[lkxed][b]
+译者：[Pabloxllwe](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://opensource.com/users/tomoliver
+
+[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
+
+[1]: https://opensource.com/article/20/7/gphoto2-linux
+
+[2]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-12/streaming-webcam.png
+
+[3]: https://opensource.com/article/18/11/udev
+
+[4]: https://opensource.com/article/22/1/cameras-usb-ports-obs
+
+[5]: https://opensource.com/article/22/4/how-linux-saves-earth