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自动选题: 20190926 How to Execute Commands on Remote Linux System over SSH
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: ( )
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (How to Execute Commands on Remote Linux System over SSH)
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[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/execute-run-linux-commands-remote-system-over-ssh/)
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[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
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How to Execute Commands on Remote Linux System over SSH
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======
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We may need to perform some commands on the remote machine.
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To do so, log in to a remote system and do it, if it’s once in a while.
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But every time you do this, it can irritate you
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If so, what is the better way to get out of it.
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Yes, you can do this from your local system instead of logging in to the remote system.
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Will it benefit me? Yeah definitely. This will save you good time.
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How’s that happening? Yes, SSH allows you to run a command on a remote machine without logging in to a computer.
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**The general syntax is as follow:**
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```
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$ ssh [User_Name]@[Rremote_Host_Name or IP] [Command or Script]
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```
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### 1) How to Run the Command on a Remote Linux System Over SSH
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The following example allows users to run the **[df command][1]** via ssh on a remote Linux machine
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```
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$ ssh [email protected] df -h
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Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
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/dev/mapper/centos-root 27G 4.4G 23G 17% /
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devtmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /dev
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tmpfs 920M 0 920M 0% /dev/shm
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tmpfs 920M 9.3M 910M 2% /run
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tmpfs 920M 0 920M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
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/dev/sda1 1014M 179M 836M 18% /boot
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tmpfs 184M 8.0K 184M 1% /run/user/42
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tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/1000
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```
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### 2) How to Run Multiple Commands on a Remote Linux System Over SSH
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The following example allows users to run multiple commands at once over ssh on the remote Linux system.
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It’s running uptime command and free command on the remote Linux system simultaneously.
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```
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$ ssh [email protected] "uptime && free -m"
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23:05:10 up 10 min, 0 users, load average: 0.00, 0.03, 0.03
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total used free shared buffers cached
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Mem: 1878 432 1445 1 100 134
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-/+ buffers/cache: 197 1680
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Swap: 3071 0 3071
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```
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### 3) How to Run the Command with sudo Privilege on a Remote Linux System Over SSH
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The following example allows users to run the **fdisk** command with **[sudo][2]** [][2]**[privilege][2]** on the remote Linux system via ssh.
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Normal users are not allowed to execute commands available under the system binary **(/usr/sbin/)** directory. Users need root privileges to run it.
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So to run the **[fdisk command][3]** on a Linux system, you need root privileges.
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The which command returns the full path of the executable of the given command.
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```
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$ which fdisk
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/usr/sbin/fdisk
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```
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```
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$ ssh -t [email protected] "sudo fdisk -l"
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[sudo] password for daygeek:
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Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
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Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
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Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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Disk label type: dos
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Disk identifier: 0x000bf685
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Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
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/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
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/dev/sda2 2099200 62914559 30407680 8e Linux LVM
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Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
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Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
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Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 29.0 GB, 28982640640 bytes, 56606720 sectors
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Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
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Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
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Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
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Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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Connection to centos7.2daygeek.com closed.
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```
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### 4) How to Run the Service Command with sudo Privilege on a Remote Linux System Over SSH
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The following example allows users to run the service command with sudo privilege on the remote Linux system via ssh.
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```
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$ ssh -t [email protected] "sudo systemctl restart httpd"
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[sudo] password for daygeek:
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Connection to centos7.2daygeek.com closed.
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```
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### 5) How to Run the Command on a Remote Linux System Over SSH With Non-Standard Port
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The following example allows users to run the **[hostnamectl command][4]** via ssh on a remote Linux machine with non-standard port.
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```
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$ ssh -p 2200 [email protected] hostnamectl
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Static hostname: Ubuntu18.2daygeek.com
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Icon name: computer-vm
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Chassis: vm
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Machine ID: 27f6c2febda84dc881f28fd145077187
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Boot ID: bbeccdf932be41ddb5deae9e5f15183d
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Virtualization: oracle
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Operating System: Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS
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Kernel: Linux 4.15.0-60-generic
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Architecture: x86-64
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```
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### 6) How to Save Output from Remote System to Local System
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The following example allows users to remotely execute the **[top command][5]** on a Linux system via ssh and save the output to the local system.
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```
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$ ssh [email protected] "top -bc | head -n 35" > /tmp/top-output.txt
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```
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```
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cat /tmp/top-output.txt
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top - 01:13:11 up 18 min, 1 user, load average: 0.01, 0.05, 0.10
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Tasks: 168 total, 1 running, 167 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
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%Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 6.2 sy, 0.0 ni, 93.8 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
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KiB Mem : 1882300 total, 1176324 free, 342392 used, 363584 buff/cache
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KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2097148 free, 0 used. 1348140 avail Mem
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PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
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4943 daygeek 20 0 162052 2248 1612 R 10.0 0.1 0:00.07 top -bc
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1 root 20 0 128276 6936 4204 S 0.0 0.4 0:03.08 /usr/lib/sy+
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2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kthreadd]
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3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.25 [ksoftirqd/+
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4 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kworker/0:+
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5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kworker/0:+
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7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [migration/+
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8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [rcu_bh]
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9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.77 [rcu_sched]
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10 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [lru-add-dr+
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11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 [watchdog/0]
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13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kdevtmpfs]
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14 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [netns]
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15 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [khungtaskd]
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16 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [writeback]
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17 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kintegrity+
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18 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [bioset]
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19 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [bioset]
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20 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [bioset]
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```
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Alternatively, you can use the following format to run multiple commands on a remote system.
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```
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$ ssh [email protected] << EOF
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hostnamectl
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free -m
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grep daygeek /etc/passwd
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EOF
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```
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Output of the above command.
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```
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Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because stdin is not a terminal.
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Static hostname: CentOS7.2daygeek.com
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Icon name: computer-vm
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Chassis: vm
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Machine ID: 002f47b82af248f5be1d67b67e03514c
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Boot ID: dca9a1ba06374d7d96678f9461752482
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Virtualization: kvm
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Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
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CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
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Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
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Architecture: x86-64
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total used free shared buff/cache available
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Mem: 1838 335 1146 11 355 1314
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Swap: 2047 0 2047
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daygeek:x:1000:1000:2daygeek:/home/daygeek:/bin/bash
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```
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### 7) How to Execute Local Bash Scripts on Remote System
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The following example allows users to run local **[bash script][6]** “remote-test.sh” via ssh on a remote Linux machine.
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Create a shell script and execute it.
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```
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$ vi /tmp/remote-test.sh
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#!/bin/bash
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#Name: remote-test.sh
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#--------------------
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uptime
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free -m
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df -h
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uname -a
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hostnamectl
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```
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Output for the above command.
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```
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$ ssh [email protected] 'bash -s' < /tmp/remote-test.sh
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01:17:09 up 22 min, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.02, 0.08
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total used free shared buff/cache available
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Mem: 1838 333 1148 11 355 1316
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Swap: 2047 0 2047
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Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
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/dev/mapper/centos-root 27G 4.4G 23G 17% /
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devtmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /dev
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tmpfs 920M 0 920M 0% /dev/shm
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tmpfs 920M 9.3M 910M 2% /run
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tmpfs 920M 0 920M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
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/dev/sda1 1014M 179M 836M 18% /boot
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tmpfs 184M 12K 184M 1% /run/user/42
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tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/1000
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Linux CentOS7.2daygeek.com 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Nov 8 23:39:32 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
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Static hostname: CentOS7.2daygeek.com
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Icon name: computer-vm
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Chassis: vm
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Machine ID: 002f47b82af248f5be1d67b67e03514c
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Boot ID: dca9a1ba06374d7d96678f9461752482
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Virtualization: kvm
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Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
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CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
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Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
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Architecture: x86-64
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```
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Alternatively, the pipe can be used. If you think the output is not good, add few changes to make it more elegant.
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```
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$ vi /tmp/remote-test-1.sh
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#!/bin/bash
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#Name: remote-test.sh
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echo "---------System Uptime--------------------------------------------"
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uptime
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echo -e "\n"
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echo "---------Memory Usage---------------------------------------------"
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free -m
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echo -e "\n"
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echo "---------Disk Usage-----------------------------------------------"
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df -h
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echo -e "\n"
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echo "---------Kernel Version-------------------------------------------"
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uname -a
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echo -e "\n"
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echo "---------HostName Info--------------------------------------------"
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hostnamectl
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echo "------------------------------------------------------------------"
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```
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Output for the above script.
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```
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$ cat /tmp/remote-test.sh | ssh [email protected]
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Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because stdin is not a terminal.
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---------System Uptime--------------------------------------------
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03:14:09 up 2:19, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
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---------Memory Usage---------------------------------------------
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total used free shared buff/cache available
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Mem: 1838 376 1063 11 398 1253
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Swap: 2047 0 2047
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---------Disk Usage-----------------------------------------------
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Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
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/dev/mapper/centos-root 27G 4.4G 23G 17% /
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devtmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /dev
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tmpfs 920M 0 920M 0% /dev/shm
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tmpfs 920M 9.3M 910M 2% /run
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tmpfs 920M 0 920M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
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/dev/sda1 1014M 179M 836M 18% /boot
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tmpfs 184M 12K 184M 1% /run/user/42
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tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/1000
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tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/0
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---------Kernel Version-------------------------------------------
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Linux CentOS7.2daygeek.com 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Nov 8 23:39:32 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
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---------HostName Info--------------------------------------------
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Static hostname: CentOS7.2daygeek.com
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Icon name: computer-vm
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Chassis: vm
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Machine ID: 002f47b82af248f5be1d67b67e03514c
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Boot ID: dca9a1ba06374d7d96678f9461752482
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Virtualization: kvm
|
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Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
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CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
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Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
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Architecture: x86-64
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```
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### 8) How to Run Multiple Commands on Multiple Remote Systems Simultaneously
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The following bash script allows users to run multiple commands on multiple remote systems simultaneously. Use simple for loop to achieve it.
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For this purpose, you can try with with the **[PSSH command][7]** or **[ClusterShell command][8]** or **[DSH command][9]**
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```
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$ vi /tmp/multiple-host.sh
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for host in CentOS7.2daygeek.com CentOS6.2daygeek.com
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do
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ssh [email protected]${host} "uname -a;uptime;date;w"
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done
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```
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Output for the above script:
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```
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$ sh multiple-host.sh
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Linux CentOS7.2daygeek.com 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Nov 8 23:39:32 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
|
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01:33:57 up 39 min, 1 user, load average: 0.07, 0.06, 0.06
|
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Wed Sep 25 01:33:57 CDT 2019
|
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01:33:57 up 39 min, 1 user, load average: 0.07, 0.06, 0.06
|
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USER TTY FROM [email protected] IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
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daygeek pts/0 192.168.1.6 01:08 23:25 0.06s 0.06s -bash
|
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Linux CentOS6.2daygeek.com 2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Jun 19 21:26:04 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
|
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|
||||
23:33:58 up 39 min, 0 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
|
||||
|
||||
Tue Sep 24 23:33:58 MST 2019
|
||||
|
||||
23:33:58 up 39 min, 0 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
|
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USER TTY FROM [email protected] IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
|
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```
|
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|
||||
### 9) How to Add a Password Using the sshpass Command
|
||||
|
||||
If you are having trouble entering your password each time, I advise you to go with any one of the methods below as per your requirement.
|
||||
|
||||
If you are going to perform this type of activity frequently, I advise you to set up **[password-less authentication][10]** since it’s a standard and permanent solution.
|
||||
|
||||
If you only do these tasks a few times a month. I recommend you to use the **“sshpass”** utility.
|
||||
|
||||
Just provide a password as an argument using the **“-p”** option.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sshpass -p 'Your_Password_Here' ssh -p 2200 [email protected] ip a
|
||||
|
||||
1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1
|
||||
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
|
||||
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
|
||||
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
|
||||
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
|
||||
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
|
||||
2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
|
||||
link/ether 08:00:27:18:90:7f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
|
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inet 192.168.1.12/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic eth0
|
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valid_lft 86145sec preferred_lft 86145sec
|
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inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe18:907f/64 scope link tentative dadfailed
|
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
|
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```
|
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|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/execute-run-linux-commands-remote-system-over-ssh/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-check-disk-space-usage-df-command/
|
||||
[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-configure-sudo-access-in-linux/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-fdisk-command-to-manage-disk-partitions/
|
||||
[4]: https://www.2daygeek.com/four-methods-to-change-the-hostname-in-linux/
|
||||
[5]: https://www.2daygeek.com/understanding-linux-top-command-output-usage/
|
||||
[6]: https://www.2daygeek.com/category/shell-script/
|
||||
[7]: https://www.2daygeek.com/pssh-parallel-ssh-run-execute-commands-on-multiple-linux-servers/
|
||||
[8]: https://www.2daygeek.com/clustershell-clush-run-commands-on-cluster-nodes-remote-system-in-parallel-linux/
|
||||
[9]: https://www.2daygeek.com/dsh-run-execute-shell-commands-on-multiple-linux-servers-at-once/
|
||||
[10]: https://www.2daygeek.com/configure-setup-passwordless-ssh-key-based-authentication-linux/
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user