20131204-1 选题

sources/How to Install Linux Kernel 3.12 in Ubuntu 13.10.md

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+How to Install Linux Kernel 3.12 in Ubuntu 13.10
+================================================================================
+Ubuntu 13.10 users don't have to look with envy at the new Linux kernels that are released, and they can update their systems with relative ease.
+
+Canonical is usually sticking with one Linux kernel for an entire development cycle. For example, Ubuntu 13.10 is based on Linux kernel 3.11, but now a new stable Linux kernel, 3.12, has been launched.
+
+Ubuntu users will have to wait until the release of the 14.04 LTS to get a newer Linux kernel, but they can also install, until then, new versions.
+
+We have to warn you from the get-go. Canonical does not recommend updating your Linux kernel to other versions than the ones provided on official channels. This is not a totally safe procedure and you might have problems afterwards, even system failures. On the other hand, you might get better performance from your system.
+
+The kernel you are about to download is from Canonical, which means that it is already in a .deb format. You won't have to compile it yourself. Open a terminal, navigate to the Downloads folder, and enter the following commands:
+
+    wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.12-saucy/linux-image-3.12.0-031200-generic_3.12.0-031200.201311031935_amd64.deb
+    
+    wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.12-saucy/linux-headers-3.12.0-031200-generic_3.12.0-031200.201311031935_amd64.deb
+
+You can also download the 32-bit version, if you have a 32-bit operating system. Just replace the 64-bit links with the ones for 32-bit, which can be found [here][1].
+
+Now you will have to run those .deb, just like any other program. In the same terminal that you used to download the packages, write the following commands (you will need root access to make this work):
+
+    sudo dpkg -i linux-image-3.12.0-031200-generic_3.12.0-031200.201311031935_amd64.deb
+    sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-3.12.0-031200-generic_3.12.0-031200.201311031935_amd64.deb
+
+After the process is finished, you will have to restart the system and voila, the new Linux kernels are in place. The good news is that the old ones are still there and, if you need to delete 3.12, all you have to do is use a very well-known command.
+
+    sudo apt-get purge linux-image-3.12.0-031200-generic_3.12.0-031200.201311031935_amd64.deb
+    sudo apt-get linux-headers-3.12.0-031200-generic_3.12.0-031200.201311031935_amd64.deb
+
+One thing you have to remember. The names of the files shown above will change pretty soon. If the downloads are not working, you will have to update the new links. Enjoy Linux kernel 3.12!
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/How-to-Install-Linux-Kerrnel-3-12-in-Ubuntu-13-10-397013.shtml
+
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[1]:http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.12-saucy/

sources/How to Repack Deb Files on Debian and Ubuntu.md

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+How to Repack Deb Files on Debian and Ubuntu
+================================================================================
+**The following tutorial will teach Ubuntu, Linux Mint and Debian GNU/Linux users how to easily unpack and repack a .deb file on their Debian-based Linux operating system.**
+
+![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/How-to-Repack-Deb-Files-on-Debian-and-Ubuntu-404930-2.jpg)
+
+Once in a while you reach a moment in life when, among other things, you want to modify a .deb file, to change something in it and repackage it back. But, only if you are truly into computing and hacking.
+
+The following example is a true story, as it happen to me a while ago. A Linux developer created a Debian package (.deb) for a software, which I’ve install on my Ubuntu powered computer with success.
+
+Apparently, the software did not worked correctly, as it was always stuck when it tried to retrieve some files from a Git repository. So, I knew where the files where installed (in the /opt directory), I’ve searched the code, found the issue and repair it in place. After that, the program was no longer stuck when it tried to retrieve the packages it needed.
+
+So, long story short, I wanted to unpack the .deb file, replace the file I’ve patched in it, and repackage it back so I can install it on other computers or give it to my friends. How do I do that?
+
+After searching the Internet for an answer to my problem, I’ve found a small blog called [ailoo.net][1] where it was explained like this:
+
+    mkdir -p extract/DEBIAN
+    dpkg-deb -x package.deb extract/
+    dpkg-deb -e package.deb extract/DEBIAN [...do something, e.g. edit the control file...]
+    mkdir build
+    dpkg-deb -b extract/ build/
+
+These five commands will do the job like a charm. Let me explain them to you: the first one creates a folder called “extract” and a subfolder called “DEBIAN”; the second command will extract some files from your .deb package in the “extract” folder; the third command will extract the content of the .deb package in the “DEBIAN” subfolder, where you can modify/patch the files you want; the fourth command will create a folder called “build”; and the fifth command will repack the modified files into a new .deb package, which will be generated in the “build” folder.
+
+That’s it! Just remember to stick with the commands above, and modify the files visually with a graphical text editor via your default file manager, after you’ve executed the third command. Do not hesitate to comment below if you run into problems during this tutorial.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/How-to-Repack-Deb-Files-on-Debian-and-Ubuntu-404930.shtml
+
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[1]:http://ailoo.net/2009/06/repack-a-deb-archive-with-dpkg-deb/
+[2]:
+[3]:
+[4]:
+[5]:
+[6]:
+[7]:
+[8]:
+[9]:
+[10]:
+[11]:
+[12]:

sources/Linux Is the Only Way to Protect Against Potential Sound-Transmitted Malware.md

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+Linux Is the Only Way to Protect Against Potential Sound-Transmitted Malware
+================================================================================
+**A new type of malware that is using sound to transmit itself has been developed by scientists and it seems that the Linux systems are the only ones that can be protected against this kind of attacks.**
+
+Scientists Michael Hanspach and Michael Goetz from Fraunhofer FKIE, Wachtberg, Germany, have developed a technique capable of infecting other computers with malware that transmits itself using just speakers and microphones.
+
+“Covert channels can be used to circumvent system and network policies by establishing communications that have not been considered in the design of the computing system. We construct a covert channel between different computing systems that utilizes audio modulation/demodulation to exchange data between the computing systems over the air medium,” [reads the paper][1] that they published in the Journal of Communications.
+
+This would prove a very powerful method of infecting computers, especially because they don't even have to be linked in a network. All that is needed for the method to work is proximity.
+
+Another problem is that there is virtually no protection embedded in today's operating systems for such malware. The good news is that Linux users can make a few small modifications in order to gain that much needed protection.
+
+The developers have explained that Linux systems can be programed, rather easily, to adapt to this new form of attacks.
+
+“If audio input and output devices cannot be switched off, implementation of audio filtering options may be an alternative approach to counter maliciously triggered participation in covert networks. “
+
+“In Linux-based operating systems, a software-defined audio filter can be implemented with ALSA (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture) in conjunction with the LADSPA (Linux Audio Developer’s Simple Plugin API),” the scientists say in the paper.
+
+Sound-transmitted malware is something very new and it's no wonder that there is no protection against it, but it goes to show why Linux systems are considered safer.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Linux-Is-the-Only-Way-to-Protect-Against-Possible-Malware-Through-Sound-Attacks-405566.shtml
+
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[1]:http://www.jocm.us/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=124&id=600

sources/Open Source Is Here To Stay On IBM i.md

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+Open Source Is Here To Stay On IBM i
+================================================================================
+For years, open source software has been a bit of a redheaded stepchild in the button-down IBM midrange community. IBM i shops were hesitant to use it, and vendors were afraid to adopt it. But with so much of the computing world now running on open source, the aversion to open source has gradually melted away, and it has steadily crept into use among large corporations, and the IBM i world too.
+
+It is tough to measure the adoption of open source software, which flows freely across networks by its very nature. Nobody requires you to register to use open source software, and there's no central clearinghouse of information about open source software.
+
+However, recent surveys and audits point to greater adoption of open source across all industries. Open source software components are widely used in in the financial services industry, according to Julian Brook, associate director at SQS Software, which conducts software quality audits for financial software vendors. "I would say that, arguably, open source is used in every organization that is developing software, especially in the financial services world," Brook [told Out-Law.com recently][1].
+
+Governmental agencies lead the way in use of open source software, according to [Black Duck Software][2]'s 2013 Future of Open Source survey. More than 35 percent of government representatives queried for the survey say they use open source, followed by medical (15.2 percent), media (13 percent), financial (8.8 percent), and retail (5.9 percent). You can view more of the survey at [Slideshare][3].
+
+Increasingly, users are adopting open source software because they expect higher software quality and security with open source, according to surveys like those from Black Duck. That's very interesting, because for many years, open source software was largely avoided for those two very reasons.
+
+These are opinion surveys, mind you. They're not necessarily reflections of actual reality. But it is clear than many of the shortcomings that people previously associated with open source software products are disappearing. And slowly but surely, this trend is bleeding over into the competitive world of IBM i software, too.
+
+### Open Source Impacts On IBM i ###
+
+The IBM i server is one of the last great bastions of proprietary technology in a world heading in the direction of open source. IBM does not share with the world the guts of the IBM i OS and the System Licensed Internal Code (SLIC) it runs on. You can take what access IBM provides developers to the machine, or you can leave it, but you can't get access to the internals.
+
+What goes on above the OS and SLIC layers is another matter entirely. We're not seeing a big influx of open source software in the world of ERP and business applications. But in many other software categories, open source options are proliferating.
+
+One IBM i proponent of open source software is [Raz-Lee][4]. The security software vendor, which relies on the open source [ClamAV][5] offering to power its IBM i-based anti-virus offering, called iSecurity Anti-Virus, says ClamAV had an update for an evolving security threat--the W32/Autorun.worm.aaeh Trojan Horse--months before its competitor had updated the signature library for its IBM i-based antivirus offering.
+
+"It turns out that ClamAV has been handling this threat . . . as of about eight to nine months ago," Raz-Lee vice president of business development Eli Spitz wrote in an email to IT Jungle last month. "In fact, one of our technicians here at Raz-Lee actually added his own unofficial signature to ClamAV's database before ClamAV included their formal signature for this virus."
+
+Another IBM i software vendor using open source tools is [Arpeggio Software][6] . The Atlanta, Georgia-based company uses lots of open source components in its various IBM i utilities, which aren't available under an open source license, but which Arpeggio gives away and then charges customers to get technical support, a common approach taken by commercial open source vendors.
+
+Arpeggio's latest offering, called ARP-DROP, uses the open source OAuth authentication method to help secure communication channels between IBM i servers and [DropBox][7] service running on the Internet. It also uses the OpenSSH encryption technology with ARP-SFTP client for IBM i. Arpeggio's founders (who also founded Trailblazer Systems, now part of [Liaison Technologies][8]) acknowledge that IBM i professionals could adopt the same open source tools to write similar tools. But they argue that Arpeggio does it better, so why not adopt their free tools and save yourself the time?
+
+In many cases, an IBM i shop's first conscious exposure to open source is the server side scripting language PHP. IBM and [Zend Technology][9] have worked for years to make PHP run well on IBM i, and Zend's entry-level PHP runtime is shipped along with every Power Systems server and IBM i license.
+
+One of the most popular PHP applications that run on IBM i servers is [SugarCRM][10]. Representatives with the Cupertino, California, company recently said that it has nearly 1,000 customers running the CRM software on IBM i servers. This includes paid enterprise licenses along with free community edition licenses.
+
+### Fighting Perceptions ###
+
+Most IBM i shops are big users of IBM i software, whether they know it or not. Some of the biggest, most important IT infrastructure components come from open source, including the Apache Web server, the Linux OS, the Java and PHP programming languages, the MySQL database, and the Eclipse development environment.
+
+There's no reason not to call open source "commercial grade" anymore, Raz-Lee's Spitz said. "A few weeks ago Sourcefire, the owners of ClamAV, was purchased by [Cisco Systems][11]. That's obviously a 'certification' by a large commercial organization for open source software. So open source anti-virus software seems to be valuable to a multi-national company."
+
+While open source software is making inroads in the IBM i community, it still has a ways to go to match the momentum that open source enjoys in the IT market as a whole. "It seems that the IBM i community is often less involved with open source and is not exposed to its importance and prevalence in the current computing area," Spitz said. "In many cases, open source is the 'playground' of very large companies who join to create a better arena for us all."
+
+As the corporations of the world gradually becomes amenable to open source, the IBM i community will have no choice but to follow. 
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://www.itjungle.com/tfh/tfh120213-story01.html
+
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[1]:http://www.out-law.com/en/articles/2013/september/open-source-code-use-within-financial-services-organisations-visibility-only-50-at-best-says-software-quality-expert/
+[2]:http://www.blackducksoftware.com/
+[3]:http://www.slideshare.net/blackducksoftware/the-2013-future-of-open-source-survey-results
+[4]:http://www.razlee.com/
+[5]:http://www.clamav.net/
+[6]:http://www.arpeggiosoftware.com/
+[7]:http://www.dropbox.com/
+[8]:http://www.liaison.com/
+[9]:http://www.zend.com/
+[10]:http://www.sugarcrm.com/
+[11]:http://www.cisco.com/