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translating by ezio
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Going Beyond Hello World Containers is Hard Stuff
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================================================================================
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In [my previous post][1], I provided the basic concepts behind Linux container technology. I wrote as much for you as I did for me. Containers are new to me. And I figured having the opportunity to blog about the subject would provide the motivation to really learn the stuff.
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I intend to learn by doing. First get the concepts down, then get hands-on and write about it as I go. I assumed there must be a lot of Hello World type stuff out there to give me up to speed with the basics. Then, I could take things a bit further and build a microservice container or something.
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I mean, it can’t be that hard, right?
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Wrong.
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Maybe it’s easy for someone who spends significant amount of their life immersed in operations work. But for me, getting started with this stuff turned out to be hard to the point of posting my frustrations to Facebook...
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But, there is good news: I got it to work! And it’s always nice being able to make lemonade from lemons. So I am going to share the story of how I made my first microservice container with you. Maybe my pain will save you some time.
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If you've ever found yourself in a situation like this, fear not: folks like me are here to deal with the problems so you don't have to!
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Let’s begin.
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### A Thumbnail Micro Service ###
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The microservice I designed was simple in concept. Post a digital image in JPG or PNG format to an HTTP endpoint and get back a a 100px wide thumbnail.
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Here’s what that looks like:
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I decide to use a NodeJS for my code and version of [ImageMagick][2] to do the thumbnail transformation.
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I did my first version of the service, using the logic shown here:
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I download the [Docker Toolbox][3] which installs an the Docker Quickstart Terminal. Docker Quickstart Terminal makes creating containers easier. The terminal fires up a Linux virtual machine that has Docker installed, allowing you to run Docker commands from within a terminal.
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In my case, I am running on OS X. But there’s a Windows version too.
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I am going to use Docker Quickstart Terminal to build a container image for my microservice and run a container from that image.
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The Docker Quickstart Terminal runs in your regular terminal, like so:
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### The First Little Problem and the First Big Problem ###
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So I fiddled around with NodeJS and ImageMagick and I got the service to work on my local machine.
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Then, I created the Dockerfile, which is the configuration script Docker uses to build your container. (I’ll go more into builds and Dockerfile more later on.)
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Here’s the build command I ran on the Docker Quickstart Terminal:
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$ docker build -t thumbnailer:0.1
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I got this response:
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docker: "build" requires 1 argument.
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Huh.
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After 15 minutes I realized: I forgot to put a period . as the last argument!
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It needs to be:
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$ docker build -t thumbnailer:0.1 .
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But this wasn’t the end of my problems.
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I got the image to build and then I typed [the the `run` command][4] on the Docker Quickstart Terminal to fire up a container based on the image, called `thumbnailer:0.1`:
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$ docker run -d -p 3001:3000 thumbnailer:0.1
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The `-p 3001:3000` argument makes it so the NodeJS microservice running on port 3000 within the container binds to port 3001 on the host virtual machine.
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Looks so good so far, right?
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Wrong. Things are about to get pretty bad.
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I determined the IP address of the virtual machine created by Docker Quickstart Terminal by running the `docker-machine` command:
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$ docker-machine ip default
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This returns the IP address of the default virtual machine, the one that is run under the Docker Quickstart Terminal. For me, this IP address was 192.168.99.100.
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I browsed to http://192.168.99.100:3001/ and got the file upload page I built:
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I selected a file and clicked the Upload Image button.
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But it didn’t work.
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The terminal is telling me it can’t find the `/upload` directory my microservice requires.
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Now, keep in mind, I had been at this for about a day—between the fiddling and research. I’m feeling a little frustrated by this point.
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Then, a brain spark flew. Somewhere along the line remembered reading a microservice should not do any data persistence on its own! Saving data should be the job of another service.
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So what if the container can’t find the `/upload` directory? The real issue is: my microservice has a fundamentally flawed design.
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Let’s take another look:
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Why am I saving a file to disk? Microservices are supposed to be fast. Why not do all my work in memory? Using memory buffers will make the "I can’t find no stickin’ directory" error go away and will increase the performance of my app dramatically.
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So that’s what I did. And here’s what the plan was:
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Here’s the NodeJS I wrote to do all the in-memory work for creating a thumbnail:
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// Bind to the packages
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var express = require('express');
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var router = express.Router();
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var path = require('path'); // used for file path
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var im = require("imagemagick");
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// Simple get that allows you test that you can access the thumbnail process
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router.get('/', function (req, res, next) {
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res.status(200).send('Thumbnailer processor is up and running');
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});
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// This is the POST handler. It will take the uploaded file and make a thumbnail from the
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// submitted byte array. I know, it's not rocket science, but it serves a purpose
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router.post('/', function (req, res, next) {
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req.pipe(req.busboy);
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req.busboy.on('file', function (fieldname, file, filename) {
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var ext = path.extname(filename)
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// Make sure that only png and jpg is allowed
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if(ext.toLowerCase() != '.jpg' && ext.toLowerCase() != '.png'){
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res.status(406).send("Service accepts only jpg or png files");
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}
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var bytes = [];
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// put the bytes from the request into a byte array
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file.on('data', function(data) {
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for (var i = 0; i < data.length; ++i) {
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bytes.push(data[i]);
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}
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console.log('File [' + fieldname + '] got bytes ' + bytes.length + ' bytes');
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});
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// Once the request is finished pushing the file bytes into the array, put the bytes in
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// a buffer and process that buffer with the imagemagick resize function
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file.on('end', function() {
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var buffer = new Buffer(bytes,'binary');
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console.log('Bytes got ' + bytes.length + ' bytes');
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//resize
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im.resize({
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srcData: buffer,
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height: 100
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}, function(err, stdout, stderr){
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if (err){
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throw err;
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}
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// get the extension without the period
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var typ = path.extname(filename).replace('.','');
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res.setHeader("content-type", "image/" + typ);
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res.status(200);
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// send the image back as a response
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res.send(new Buffer(stdout,'binary'));
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});
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});
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});
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});
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module.exports = router;
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Okay, so we’re back on track and everything is hunky dory on my local machine. I go to sleep.
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But, before I do I test the microservice code running as standard Node app on localhost...
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It works fine. Now all I needed to do was get it working in a container.
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The next day I woke up, grabbed some coffee, and built an image—not forgetting to put in the period!
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$ docker build -t thumbnailer:01 .
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I am building from the root directory of my thumbnailer project. The build command uses the Dockerfile that is in the root directory. That’s how it goes: put the Dockerfile in the same place you want to run build and the Dockerfile will be used by default.
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Here is the text of the Dockerfile I was using:
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FROM ubuntu:latest
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MAINTAINER bob@CogArtTech.com
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RUN apt-get update
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RUN apt-get install -y nodejs nodejs-legacy npm
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RUN apt-get install imagemagick libmagickcore-dev libmagickwand-dev
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RUN apt-get clean
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COPY ./package.json src/
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RUN cd src && npm install
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COPY . /src
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WORKDIR src/
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CMD npm start
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What could go wrong?
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### The Second Big Problem ###
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I ran the `build` command and I got this error:
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Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Abort.
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The command '/bin/sh -c apt-get install imagemagick libmagickcore-dev libmagickwand-dev' returned a non-zero code: 1
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I figured something was wrong with the microservice. I went back to my machine, fired up the service on localhost, and uploaded a file.
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Then I got this error from NodeJS:
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Error: spawn convert ENOENT
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What’s going on? This worked the other night!
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I searched and searched, for every permutation of the error I could think of. After about four hours of replacing different node modules here and there, I figured: why not restart the machine?
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I did. And guess what? The error went away!
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Go figure.
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### Putting the Genie Back in the Bottle ###
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So, back to the original quest: I needed to get this build working.
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I removed all of the containers running on the VM, using [the `rm` command][5]:
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$ docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q)
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The `-f` flag here force removes running images.
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Then I removed all of my Docker images, using [the `rmi` command][6]:
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$ docker rmi if $(docker images | tail -n +2 | awk '{print $3}')
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I go through the whole process of rebuilding the image, installing the container and try to get the microservice running. Then after about an hour of self-doubt and accompanying frustration, I thought to myself: maybe this isn’t a problem with the microservice.
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So, I looked that the the error again:
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Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Abort.
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The command '/bin/sh -c apt-get install imagemagick libmagickcore-dev libmagickwand-dev' returned a non-zero code: 1
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Then it hit me: the build is looking for a Y input from the keyboard! But, this is a non-interactive Dockerfile script. There is no keyboard.
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I went back to the Dockerfile, and there it was:
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RUN apt-get update
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RUN apt-get install -y nodejs nodejs-legacy npm
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RUN apt-get install imagemagick libmagickcore-dev libmagickwand-dev
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RUN apt-get clean
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The second `apt-get` command is missing the `-y` flag which causes "yes" to be given automatically where usually it would be prompted for.
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I added the missing `-y` to the command:
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RUN apt-get update
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RUN apt-get install -y nodejs nodejs-legacy npm
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RUN apt-get install -y imagemagick libmagickcore-dev libmagickwand-dev
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RUN apt-get clean
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And guess what: after two days of trial and tribulation, it worked! Two whole days!
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So, I did my build:
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$ docker build -t thumbnailer:0.1 .
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I fired up the container:
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$ docker run -d -p 3001:3000 thumbnailer:0.1
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Got the IP address of the Virtual Machine:
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$ docker-machine ip default
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Went to my browser and entered http://192.168.99.100:3001/ into the address bar.
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The upload page loaded.
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I selected an image, and this is what I got:
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It worked!
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Inside a container, for the first time!
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### So What Does It All Mean? ###
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A long time ago, I accepted the fact when it comes to tech, sometimes even the easy stuff is hard. Along with that, I abandoned the desire to be the smartest guy in the room. Still, the last few days trying get basic competency with containers has been, at times, a journey of self doubt.
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But, you wanna know something? It’s 2 AM on an early morning as I write this, and every nerve wracking hour has been worth it. Why? Because you gotta put in the time. This stuff is hard and it does not come easy for anyone. And don’t forget: you’re learning tech and tech runs the world!
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P.S. Check out this two part video of Hello World containers, check out [Raziel Tabib’s][7] excellent work in this video...
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注：youtube视频
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<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/PJ95WY2DqXo" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
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And don't miss part two...
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注：youtube视频
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<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/lss2rZ3Ppuk" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://deis.com/blog/2015/beyond-hello-world-containers-hard-stuff
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作者：[Bob Reselman][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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|
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://deis.com/blog
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[1]:http://deis.com/blog/2015/developer-journey-linux-containers
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[2]:https://github.com/rsms/node-imagemagick
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[3]:https://www.docker.com/toolbox
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[4]:https://docs.docker.com/reference/commandline/run/
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[5]:https://docs.docker.com/reference/commandline/rm/
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[6]:https://docs.docker.com/reference/commandline/rmi/
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[7]:http://twitter.com/RazielTabib
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@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
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要超越Hello World 容器是件困难的事情
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================================================================================
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在[我的上一篇文章里][1]， 我介绍了Linux 容器背后的技术的概念。我写了我知道的一切。容器对我来说也是比较新的概念。我写这篇文章的目的就是鼓励我真正的来学习这些东西。
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我打算在使用中学习。首先实践，然后上手并记录下我是怎么走过来的。我假设这里肯定有很多想"Hello World" 这种类型的知识帮助我快速的掌握基础。然后我能够更进一步，构建一个微服务容器或者其它东西。
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我的意思是还会比着更难吗，对吧？
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错了。
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可能对某些人来说这很简单，因为他们会耗费大量的时间专注在操作工作上。但是对我来说实际上是很困难的，可以从我在Facebook 上的状态展示出来的挫折感就可以看出了。
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但是还有一个好消息：我最终让它工作了。而且他工作的还不错。所以我准备分享向你分享我如何制作我的第一个微服务容器。我的痛苦可能会节省你不少时间呢。
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如果你曾经发现或者从来都没有发现自己处在这种境地：像我这样的人在这里解决一些你不需要解决的问题。
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让我们开始吧。
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### 一个缩略图微服务 ###
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我设计的微服务在理论上很简单。以JPG 或者PNG 格式在HTTP 终端发布一张数字照片，然后获得一个100像素宽的缩略图。
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下面是它实际的效果：
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我决定使用NodeJS 作为我的开发语言，使用[ImageMagick][2] 来转换缩略图。
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我的服务的第一版的逻辑如下所示：
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我下载了[Docker Toolbox][3]，用它安装了Docker 的快速启动终端。Docker 快速启动终端使得创建容器更简单了。终端会启动一个装好了Docker 的Linux 虚拟机，它允许你在一个终端里运行Docker 命令。
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|
||||
虽然在我的例子里，我的操作系统是Mac OS X。但是Windows 下也有相同的工具。
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我准备使用Docker 快速启动终端里为我的微服务创建一个容器镜像，然后从这个镜像运行容器。
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Docker 快速启动终端就运行在你使用的普通终端里，就像这样：
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||||
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||||
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||||
### 第一个小问题和第一个大问题###
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||||
所以我用NodeJS 和ImageMagick 瞎搞了一通然后让我的服务在本地运行起来了。
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然后我创建了Dockerfile，这是Docker 用来构建容器的配置脚本。（我会在后面深入介绍构建和Dockerfile）
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||||
这是我运行Docker 快速启动终端的命令：
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||||
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||||
$ docker build -t thumbnailer:0.1
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获得如下回应：
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||||
docker: "build" requires 1 argument.
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||||
呃。
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||||
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||||
我估摸着过了15分钟：我忘记了在末尾参数输入一个点`.`。
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||||
正确的指令应该是这样的：
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||||
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||||
$ docker build -t thumbnailer:0.1 .
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||||
|
||||
但是这不是我最后一个问题。
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||||
我让这个镜像构建好了，然后我Docker 快速启动终端输入了[`run` 命令][4]来启动容器，名字叫`thumbnailer:0.1`:
|
||||
|
||||
$ docker run -d -p 3001:3000 thumbnailer:0.1
|
||||
|
||||
参数`-p 3001:3000` 让NodeJS 微服务在Docker 内运行在端口3000，而在主机上则是3001。
|
||||
|
||||
到目前卡起来都很好，对吧？
|
||||
|
||||
错了。事情要马上变糟了。
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||||
|
||||
我指定了在Docker 快速启动中端里用命令`docker-machine` 运行的Docker 虚拟机的ip地址：
|
||||
|
||||
$ docker-machine ip default
|
||||
|
||||
这句话返回了默认虚拟机的IP地址，即运行docker 的虚拟机。对于我来说，这个ip 地址是192.168.99.100。
|
||||
|
||||
我浏览网页http://192.168.99.100:3001/ ，然后找到了我创建的上传图片的网页：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
我选择了一个文件，然后点击上传图片的按钮。
|
||||
|
||||
但是它并没有工作。
|
||||
|
||||
终端告诉我他无法找到我的微服务需要的`/upload` 目录。
|
||||
|
||||
现在开始记住，我已经在此耗费了将近一天的时间－从浪费时间到研究问题。我此时感到了一些挫折感。
|
||||
|
||||
然后灵光一闪。某人记起来微服务不应该自己做任何数据持久化的工作！保存数据应该是另一个服务的工作。
|
||||
|
||||
所以容器找不到目录`/upload` 的原因到底是什么？这个问题的根本就是我的微服务在基础设计上就有问题。
|
||||
|
||||
让我们看看另一幅图：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
我为什么要把文件保存到磁盘？微服务按理来说是很快的。为什么不能让我的全部工作都在内存里完成？使用内存缓冲可以解决“找不到目录”这个问题，而且可以提高我的应用的性能。
|
||||
|
||||
这就是我现在所做的。下面是我的计划：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
这是我用NodeJS 写的在内存工作、生成缩略图的代码：
|
||||
|
||||
// Bind to the packages
|
||||
var express = require('express');
|
||||
var router = express.Router();
|
||||
var path = require('path'); // used for file path
|
||||
var im = require("imagemagick");
|
||||
|
||||
// Simple get that allows you test that you can access the thumbnail process
|
||||
router.get('/', function (req, res, next) {
|
||||
res.status(200).send('Thumbnailer processor is up and running');
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
// This is the POST handler. It will take the uploaded file and make a thumbnail from the
|
||||
// submitted byte array. I know, it's not rocket science, but it serves a purpose
|
||||
router.post('/', function (req, res, next) {
|
||||
req.pipe(req.busboy);
|
||||
req.busboy.on('file', function (fieldname, file, filename) {
|
||||
var ext = path.extname(filename)
|
||||
|
||||
// Make sure that only png and jpg is allowed
|
||||
if(ext.toLowerCase() != '.jpg' && ext.toLowerCase() != '.png'){
|
||||
res.status(406).send("Service accepts only jpg or png files");
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var bytes = [];
|
||||
|
||||
// put the bytes from the request into a byte array
|
||||
file.on('data', function(data) {
|
||||
for (var i = 0; i < data.length; ++i) {
|
||||
bytes.push(data[i]);
|
||||
}
|
||||
console.log('File [' + fieldname + '] got bytes ' + bytes.length + ' bytes');
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
// Once the request is finished pushing the file bytes into the array, put the bytes in
|
||||
// a buffer and process that buffer with the imagemagick resize function
|
||||
file.on('end', function() {
|
||||
var buffer = new Buffer(bytes,'binary');
|
||||
console.log('Bytes got ' + bytes.length + ' bytes');
|
||||
|
||||
//resize
|
||||
im.resize({
|
||||
srcData: buffer,
|
||||
height: 100
|
||||
}, function(err, stdout, stderr){
|
||||
if (err){
|
||||
throw err;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// get the extension without the period
|
||||
var typ = path.extname(filename).replace('.','');
|
||||
res.setHeader("content-type", "image/" + typ);
|
||||
res.status(200);
|
||||
// send the image back as a response
|
||||
res.send(new Buffer(stdout,'binary'));
|
||||
});
|
||||
});
|
||||
});
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
module.exports = router;
|
||||
|
||||
好了，回到正轨，已经可以在我的本地机器正常工作了。我该去休息了。
|
||||
|
||||
但是，在我测试把这个微服务当作一个普通的Node 应用运行在本地时...
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
它工作的很好。现在我要做的就是让他在容器里面工作。
|
||||
|
||||
第二天我起床后喝点咖啡，然后创建一个镜像——这次没有忘记那个"."!
|
||||
|
||||
$ docker build -t thumbnailer:01 .
|
||||
|
||||
我从缩略图工程的根目录开始构建。构建命令使用了根目录下的Dockerfile。它是这样工作的：把Dockerfile 放到你想构建镜像的地方，然后系统就默认使用这个Dockerfile。
|
||||
|
||||
下面是我使用的Dockerfile 的内容：
|
||||
|
||||
FROM ubuntu:latest
|
||||
MAINTAINER bob@CogArtTech.com
|
||||
|
||||
RUN apt-get update
|
||||
RUN apt-get install -y nodejs nodejs-legacy npm
|
||||
RUN apt-get install imagemagick libmagickcore-dev libmagickwand-dev
|
||||
RUN apt-get clean
|
||||
|
||||
COPY ./package.json src/
|
||||
|
||||
RUN cd src && npm install
|
||||
|
||||
COPY . /src
|
||||
|
||||
WORKDIR src/
|
||||
|
||||
CMD npm start
|
||||
|
||||
这怎么可能出错呢？
|
||||
|
||||
### 第二个大问题 ###
|
||||
|
||||
我运行了`build` 命令，然后出了这个错：
|
||||
|
||||
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Abort.
|
||||
|
||||
The command '/bin/sh -c apt-get install imagemagick libmagickcore-dev libmagickwand-dev' returned a non-zero code: 1
|
||||
|
||||
我猜测微服务出错了。我回到本地机器，从本机启动微服务，然后试着上传文件。
|
||||
|
||||
然后我从NodeJS 获得了这个错误：
|
||||
|
||||
Error: spawn convert ENOENT
|
||||
|
||||
怎么回事？之前还是好好的啊！
|
||||
|
||||
我搜索了我能想到的所有的错误原因。差不多4个小时后，我想：为什么不重启一下机器呢？
|
||||
|
||||
重启了，你猜猜结果？错误消失了！（译注：万能的重启）
|
||||
|
||||
继续。
|
||||
|
||||
### 将精灵关进瓶子 ###
|
||||
|
||||
跳回正题：我需要完成构建工作。
|
||||
|
||||
我使用[`rm` 命令][5]删除了虚拟机里所有的容器。
|
||||
|
||||
$ docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q)
|
||||
|
||||
`-f` 在这里的用处是强制删除运行中的镜像。
|
||||
|
||||
然后删除了全部Docker 镜像，用的是[命令`rmi`][6]:
|
||||
|
||||
$ docker rmi if $(docker images | tail -n +2 | awk '{print $3}')
|
||||
|
||||
我重新执行了命令构建镜像，安装容器，运行微服务。然后过了一个充满自我怀疑和沮丧的一个小时，我告诉我自己：这个错误可能不是微服务的原因。
|
||||
|
||||
所以我重新看到了这个错误：
|
||||
|
||||
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Abort.
|
||||
|
||||
The command '/bin/sh -c apt-get install imagemagick libmagickcore-dev libmagickwand-dev' returned a non-zero code: 1
|
||||
|
||||
这太打击我了：构建脚本好像需要有人从键盘输入Y！ 但是，这是一个非交互的Dockerfile 脚本啊。这里并没有键盘。
|
||||
|
||||
回到Dockerfile，脚本元来时这样的：
|
||||
|
||||
RUN apt-get update
|
||||
RUN apt-get install -y nodejs nodejs-legacy npm
|
||||
RUN apt-get install imagemagick libmagickcore-dev libmagickwand-dev
|
||||
RUN apt-get clean
|
||||
|
||||
The second `apt-get` command is missing the `-y` flag which causes "yes" to be given automatically where usually it would be prompted for.
|
||||
第二个`apt-get` 忘记了`-y` 标志，这才是错误的根本原因。
|
||||
|
||||
I added the missing `-y` to the command:
|
||||
我在这条命令后面添加了`-y` ：
|
||||
|
||||
RUN apt-get update
|
||||
RUN apt-get install -y nodejs nodejs-legacy npm
|
||||
RUN apt-get install -y imagemagick libmagickcore-dev libmagickwand-dev
|
||||
RUN apt-get clean
|
||||
|
||||
猜一猜结果：经过将近两天的尝试和痛苦，容器终于正常工作了！整整两天啊！
|
||||
|
||||
我完成了构建工作：
|
||||
|
||||
$ docker build -t thumbnailer:0.1 .
|
||||
|
||||
启动了容器：
|
||||
|
||||
$ docker run -d -p 3001:3000 thumbnailer:0.1
|
||||
|
||||
Got the IP address of the Virtual Machine:
|
||||
获取了虚拟机的IP 地址：
|
||||
|
||||
$ docker-machine ip default
|
||||
|
||||
在我的浏览器里面输入 http://192.168.99.100:3001/ ：
|
||||
|
||||
上传页面打开了。
|
||||
|
||||
我选择了一个图片，然后得到了这个：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
工作了！
|
||||
|
||||
在容器里面工作了，我的第一次啊！
|
||||
|
||||
### 这意味着什么? ###
|
||||
|
||||
很久以前，我接受了这样一个道理：当你刚开始尝试某项技术时，即使是最简单的事情也会变得很困难。因此，我压抑了要成为房间里最聪明的人的欲望。然而最近几天尝试容器的过程就是一个充满自我怀疑的旅程。
|
||||
|
||||
但是你想知道一些其它的事情吗？这篇文章是我在凌晨2点完成的，而每一个折磨的小时都值得了。为什么？因为这段时间你将自己全身心投入了喜欢的工作里。这件事很难，对于所有人来说都不是很容易就获得结果的。但是不要忘记：你在学习技术，运行世界的技术。
|
||||
|
||||
P.S. 了解一下Hello World 容器的两段视频，这里会有 [Raziel Tabib’s][7] 的精彩工作内容。
|
||||
|
||||
注：youtube视频
|
||||
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/PJ95WY2DqXo" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
|
||||
|
||||
千万被忘记第二部分...
|
||||
|
||||
注：youtube视频
|
||||
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/lss2rZ3Ppuk" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://deis.com/blog/2015/beyond-hello-world-containers-hard-stuff
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Bob Reselman][a]
|
||||
译者：[Ezio](https://github.com/oska874)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://deis.com/blog
|
||||
[1]:http://deis.com/blog/2015/developer-journey-linux-containers
|
||||
[2]:https://github.com/rsms/node-imagemagick
|
||||
[3]:https://www.docker.com/toolbox
|
||||
[4]:https://docs.docker.com/reference/commandline/run/
|
||||
[5]:https://docs.docker.com/reference/commandline/rm/
|
||||
[6]:https://docs.docker.com/reference/commandline/rmi/
|
||||
[7]:http://twitter.com/RazielTabib
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user