Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject

README.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 LCTT是Linux中国社区（[http://linux.cn/]()）的翻译组，负责从国外优秀媒体翻译Linux相关的技术、资讯、杂文等内容。
 
-LCTT已经拥有三十余名活跃成员，并欢迎更多的Linux志愿者加入我们的团队。
+LCTT已经拥有四十余名活跃成员，并欢迎更多的Linux志愿者加入我们的团队。
 
 LCTT的组成
 -------------------------------
@@ -36,37 +36,45 @@ LCTT的组成
 - CORE [wxy](https://github.com/wxy),
 - CORE [carolinewuyan](https://github.com/carolinewuyan),
 - CORE [DeadFire](https://github.com/DeadFire),
-- CORE [tinyeyeser](https://github.com/tinyeyeser),
 - CORE [geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi),
+- CORE [tinyeyeser](https://github.com/tinyeyeser),
 - CORE [vito-L](https://github.com/vito-L),
 - CORE [jasminepeng](https://github.com/jasminepeng),
 - [luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat),
-- [flsf](https://github.com/flsf),
 - [runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater),
-- [Linux-pdz](https://github.com/Linux-pdz),
-- [woodboow](https://github.com/woodboow),
 - [bazz2](https://github.com/bazz2),
+- [flsf](https://github.com/flsf),
+- [Linux-pdz](https://github.com/Linux-pdz),
 - [Vic020](https://github.com/Vic020),
-- [crowner](https://github.com/crowner),
+- [woodboow](https://github.com/woodboow),
 - [KayGuoWhu](https://github.com/KayGuoWhu),
-- [scusjs](https://github.com/scusjs),
 - [Linchenguang](https://github.com/Linchenguang),
+- [crowner](https://github.com/crowner),
+- [yechunxiao19](https://github.com/yechunxiao19),
+- [scusjs](https://github.com/scusjs),
+- [hyaocuk](https://github.com/hyaocuk),
 - [theo-l](https://github.com/theo-l),
 - [l3b2w1](https://github.com/l3b2w1),
-- [hyaocuk](https://github.com/hyaocuk),
-- [boredivan](https://github.com/boredivan),
 - [NearTan](https://github.com/NearTan),
+- [boredivan](https://github.com/boredivan),
+- [liuaiping](https://github.com/liuaiping),
+- [zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025),
 - [rogetfan](https://github.com/rogetfan),
 - [whatever1992](https://github.com/whatever1992),
 - [icybreaker](https://github.com/icybreaker),
+- [ThomazL](https://github.com/ThomazL),
+- [SteveArcher](https://github.com/SteveArcher),
+- [FineFan](https://github.com/FineFan),
 - [ailurus1991](https://github.com/ailurus1991),
 - [Maclauring](https://github.com/Maclauring),
 - [small-Wood](https://github.com/small-Wood),
 - [willqian](https://github.com/willqian),
 - [stduolc](https://github.com/stduolc),
-- [SteveArcher](https://github.com/SteveArcher),
 - [lijhg](https://github.com/lijhg),
-（更新于2014/1/2）
+- [tomatoKiller](https://github.com/tomatoKiller),
+- [zsJacky](https://github.com/zsJacky),
+
+（更新于2014/3/12）
 
 谢谢大家的支持！
 

published/10 Linux／Unix Bash and KSH Shell Job Control Examples.md

@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
-10个 Linux/Unix下 Bash和KSH shell 的作业控制实例
+10个 Linux/Unix下 Bash 和 KSH shell 的作业控制实例
 ================================================================================
 ![](http://s0.cyberciti.org/uploads/cms/2014/02/unix-llnux-shell-job-control-series.jpg)
 
-Linux 和 Unix 属于多任务的操作系统，也就是说一个系统在同一时间段内能运行多重任务(进程)。在这个新的博客系列，我将会列出相关的 Linux和Unix作业控制的命令，你可以通过这些命令在 Bash 或 Korn 还有 POSIX shell 下实现执行多重任务。
+Linux 和 Unix 属于多任务的操作系统，也就是说一个系统在同一时间段内能运行多重任务(进程)。在这个新的博客系列，我将会列出相关的 Linux 和 Unix 作业（job）控制的命令，你可以通过这些命令在 Bash 或 Korn 还有 POSIX shell 下实现执行多重任务。
 
 ### 什么是作业控制？###
 
-作业控制不过是能够停止/挂起(stop/suspend)正在执行的进程(命令)也可以继续/唤醒(continue/resume)你需要的每一个进程来执行。这完全可以用你的操作系统和类似 bash/ksh 或 POSIX shell 完成。
+作业控制不只是能够停止/挂起(stop/suspend)正在执行的进程(命令)，也可以继续/唤醒(continue/resume)执行你需要的每一个进程。这完全可以用你的操作系统和 bash/ksh 之类的 shell 或 POSIX shell 完成。
 
-### 谁提供给了作业控制的设施条件 ###
+### 谁给作业控制的提供了环境？ ###
 
-Bash / Korn shell,或者是 POSIX shell 提供给了作业控制的设施条件。
+Bash / Korn shell，或者是 POSIX shell 提供给了作业控制的环境。
 
 ### 跟作业表打个招呼吧 ###
 
 你的 shell 会留有一张当前作业的表单，称为作业表。当你键入命令时，shell 会给它分配一个 jobID(也称作 JOB_SPEC)。一个 jobID 或 JOB_SPEC只是很小的整数数值。
 
-#### #1: 创建你的首个 Linux/Unix 作业(job) ####
+#### #1: 创建你的首个 Linux/Unix 作业 ####
 
 我要运行一个名为 xeyes 的命令，它会在屏幕上显示两个椭圆的眼睛,输入：
     $ xeyes &
@@ -42,48 +42,47 @@ Bash / Korn shell,或者是 POSIX shell 提供给了作业控制的设施条件
     xload &
     sleep 100000 &
 
-#### #2: 列出当前的jobs ####
+#### #2: 列出当前的作业 ####
 
-To [see the status of active jobs in the current shell][1], type:
+要[查看当前 shell 的激活的任务状态][1]，输入：
 
     $ jobs
     $ jobs -l
 
-输出样例:
+输出如下:
 
     [1]   9379 Running                 xeyes &
     [2]   9380 Running                 gedit /tmp/hello.c &
     [3]-  9420 Running                 xload &
     [4]+  9421 Running                 sleep 100000 &
 
-A brief description of each field is given below:
+简要描述如下：
 
-(注：表格部分，这样发表出来应该会方便看一点)
-<table border="1"><tbody><tr><th>字段</th><th>值</th><th>描述</th><th>示例</th></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>[1]</td><td><strong>jobID</strong> 或 <strong>JOB_SPEC</strong> - 工作号要与fg, bg, wait, kill和其他shell命令一起使用。你必须在工作号前缀添加一个百分号。(<kbd><strong>%</strong></kbd>).<br>加号 (<kbd>+</kbd>) 标识着默认的或是现在的 job。<br>减号 (<kbd>-</kbd>) 标识着先前的 job。</td><td><kbd>%1</kbd><br><kbd>fg %1</kbd><br><kbd>kill %2</kbd></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>9379</td><td><strong>进程 ID</strong> - 系统自动为每个进程创建并分配地独有的身份标志号。</td><td>kill 9379</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Running</td><td><strong>状态</strong> - 关于 job 的状态:<br><kbd><strong>Running</strong></kbd> - 该 job 正在运行,还没有被外部信号挂起。<br><kbd><strong>Stopped</strong></kbd> - 该 job 已经被挂起。<br></td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>xeyes &amp;</td><td><strong>command</strong> - 由shell给出的命令。</td><td>script &amp;<br>firefox url&amp;</td></tr></tbody></table>
+<table border="1"><tbody><tr><th>字段</th><th>值</th><th>描述</th><th>示例</th></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>[1]</td><td><strong>jobID</strong> 或 <strong>JOB_SPEC</strong> - 工作号要与fg, bg, wait, kill和其他shell命令一起使用。你必须在工作号前缀添加一个百分号：(<kbd><strong>%</strong></kbd>)。<br>加号 (<kbd>+</kbd>) 标识着默认的或是现在的作业。<br>减号 (<kbd>-</kbd>) 标识着前一个作业。</td><td><kbd>%1</kbd><br><kbd>fg %1</kbd><br><kbd>kill %2</kbd></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>9379</td><td><strong>进程 ID</strong> - 系统自动为每个进程创建并分配地独有的身份标志号。</td><td>kill 9379</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Running</td><td><strong>状态</strong> - 关于作业的状态:<br><kbd><strong>Running</strong></kbd> - 该 作业正在运行,还没有被外部信号挂起。<br><kbd><strong>Stopped</strong></kbd> - 该作业已经被挂起。<br></td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>xeyes &amp;</td><td><strong>command</strong> - 由shell给出的命令。</td><td>script &amp;<br>firefox url&amp;</td></tr></tbody></table>
 
 你也可以用 ps 命名列出当前系统正在运行的进程:
 
     $ ps
 
-#### #3: 停止或挂起正在运行的jobs ####
+#### #3: 停止或挂起正在运行的作业 ####
 
 按下[Ctrl]-[Z]键或使用[kill 命令][2],如下所示：
 
     kill -s stop PID
 
-举个例子，启动[ping 命令][3]，然后用 Ctrl-Z 键触发停止 ping 命令的job：
+举个例子，启动[ping 命令][3]，然后用 Ctrl-Z 键来停止 ping 命令作业：
 
 [![](http://s0.cyberciti.org/uploads/cms/2014/02/suspend-unix-job-command.gif)][5]
-*Animated gif 01: 挂起 ping 命令的 job*
+*Animated gif 01: 挂起 ping 命令作业*
 
-#### #4: 在前台恢复 挂起的/停止的 job ####
+#### #4: 在前台恢复 挂起的/停止的作业 ####
 
-让我们[恢复处于停止状态下的 job 回到前台运行][6],要实现这个目标当前 job 必须借助[fg 命令][7]。具体语法如下：
+让我们[恢复处于停止状态下的作业，让它回到前台继续运行][6]，要将其变成当前作业，必须借助[fg 命令][7]。具体语法如下：
 
     ## ping 命令的作业号的值为5 ##
     fg %5
 
-我也可以规定命令行开端符合字符串"ping"的 job[译注：不能出现不明确的字符串，例如如果后台有两个 vim 进程而你敲入 fg %vim 会报错。]:
+我也可以规定命令行开端符合字符串"ping"的作业[译注：不能出现不明确的字符串，例如如果后台有两个 vim 进程而你敲入 fg %vim 会报错。]:
 
     ## %String ##
     fg %ping
@@ -95,13 +94,13 @@ A brief description of each field is given below:
     64 bytes from www.cyberciti.biz (75.126.153.206): icmp_req=5 ttl=53 time=267 ms
     ^C
 
-#### #5: 在后台恢复 挂起/停止状态的 job ####
+#### #5: 在后台恢复 挂起/停止状态的作业 ####
 
-在这个例子中，我将要使用[yum 命令][8]更新所有安装在 Redhat 或 CentOS Linux 生产服务器上的软件包并置于后台作业。
+在这个例子中，我使用[yum 命令][8]更新所有安装在 Redhat 或 CentOS Linux 生产服务器上的软件包并置于后台作业。
 
     # yum -y update &>/root/patch.log &
 
-然而，由于一些原因(例如,过载问题)我决定停止这个 job 20分钟：
+然而，由于一些原因(例如,过载问题)我决定停止这个作业20分钟：
 
     # kill -s stop %yum
 
@@ -111,7 +110,7 @@ A brief description of each field is given below:
 
 #### 用 bg 重启停止在后台的 yum 进程 ####
 
-现在，我将要[恢复停止的 yum -y update &>/root/patch.log & job][9],键入：
+现在，我将要[恢复停止的 yum -y update &>/root/patch.log & 作业][9]，键入：
 
     # bg %7
 
@@ -131,17 +130,17 @@ A brief description of each field is given below:
 
 或者
 
-    # kill pid
+    # kill 进程ID
 
 输出样例：
 
     [7]+  Terminated              yum -y update &>/root/patch.log &
 
-在 Linux/FreeBSD/OS X Unix 下你可以[使用 killall 命令通过名字杀死进程或是 jobID 而不是通过 PID][12]
+在 Linux/FreeBSD/OS X Unix 下你也可以[使用 killall 命令通过名字杀死进程或是 jobID 而不是通过 PID][12]
 
-#### #7 为什么当我登出后 shell 会清除我的所有后台 jobs ####
+#### #7 为什么当我登出后 shell 会清除我的所有后台作业 ####
 
-在这个例子中,我将会启动 pdfwriter.py 来生成[这个站点][13]散装地 pdf 文件:
+在这个例子中,我将会启动 pdfwriter.py 来批量生成[这个站点][13]的 pdf 文件:
 
     ~/scripts/www/pdfwriter.py --profile=faq --type=clean --header=logo\
     --footer-left "nixCraft is GIT UL++++ W+++ C++++ M+ e+++ d-" \
@@ -153,14 +152,14 @@ A brief description of each field is given below:
     $ disown
     $ exit
 
-#### #8 使用一个名为 nohup 的外部命令阻止在登出时杀死 job ####
+#### #8 使用一个名为 nohup 的外部命令阻止在登出时杀死作业 ####
 
-你也可以使用[nohup 命令在你退出 shell 后执行 jobs][15]:
+你也可以使用[nohup 命令在你退出 shell 后执行作业][15]:
 
     $ nohup ~/scripts/www/pdfwriter.py --profile=faq .... &
     $ exit
 
-#### #9: 查找最后 job 的 PID ####
+#### #9: 查找最后的作业的 PID ####
 
 为了查找最近在后台执行的(异步)命令的进程ID，可使用 bash shell 的特殊参数 $!
 
@@ -171,9 +170,9 @@ A brief description of each field is given below:
 
     最近在后台执行的job 的PID - 9421
 
-#### #10: 等候 job 完成 ####
+#### #10: 等候作业完成 ####
 
-wait 命令会等候给予的进程ID 或 作业ID，然后报告它的终止状态。语法如下：
+wait 命令会等候给予的进程ID 或 作业ID指定的进程，然后报告它的终止状态。语法如下：
 
     /path/to/large-job/command/foo &
     wait $!
@@ -217,7 +216,7 @@ wait 命令会等候给予的进程ID 或 作业ID，然后报告它的终止状
 
 #### Linux 和 Unix 作业控制命令总结列表 ####
 
-<table border="1"><tbody><tr><th>命令</th><th>描述</th><th>示例</th></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>&amp;</strong></kbd></td><td>将 job 置入后台</td><td><kbd>命令 &amp;</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>%n</strong></kbd></td><td>设置作业号为 n (数字)的 job</td><td><kbd>命令 %1</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>%Word</strong></kbd></td><td>引用命令行开端包含 Word 的 job</td><td><kbd>命令 %yum</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>%?Word</strong></kbd></td><td>引用命令行包含 Word 的 job</td><td><kbd>命令 %?ping</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>%%</strong></kbd><br><kbd><strong>%+</strong></kbd></td><td>引用当前 job</td><td><kbd>kill %%<br>kill %+</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>%-</strong></kbd></td><td>引用先前 job</td><td><kbd>bg %-</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>CTRL-Z</strong><br><kbd><strong>kill -s stop jobID</strong></kbd></kbd></td><td>挂起或停止 job</td><td><kbd>kill -s stop %ping</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>jobs</strong><br><kbd><strong>jobs -l</strong></kbd></kbd></td><td>列出活动的 jobs</td><td><kbd>jobs -l</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>bg</strong></kbd></td><td>将 jobs 置入后台</td><td><kbd>bg %1<br>bg %ping</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>fg</strong></kbd></td><td>将 job 置入前台</td><td><kbd>fg %2<br>fg %apt-get</kbd></td></tr></tbody></table>
+<table border="1"><tbody><tr><th>命令</th><th>描述</th><th>示例</th></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>&amp;</strong></kbd></td><td>将作业置入后台</td><td><kbd>命令 &amp;</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>%n</strong></kbd></td><td>设置作业号为 n (数字)的作业</td><td><kbd>命令 %1</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>%Word</strong></kbd></td><td>引用命令行开端包含 Word 的作业</td><td><kbd>命令 %yum</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>%?Word</strong></kbd></td><td>引用命令行包含 Word 的作业</td><td><kbd>命令 %?ping</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>%%</strong></kbd><br><kbd><strong>%+</strong></kbd></td><td>引用当前作业</td><td><kbd>kill %%<br>kill %+</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>%-</strong></kbd></td><td>引用先前作业</td><td><kbd>bg %-</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>CTRL-Z</strong><br><kbd><strong>kill -s stop jobID</strong></kbd></kbd></td><td>挂起或停止作业</td><td><kbd>kill -s stop %ping</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>jobs</strong><br><kbd><strong>jobs -l</strong></kbd></kbd></td><td>列出活动的作业</td><td><kbd>jobs -l</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>bg</strong></kbd></td><td>将 作业置入后台</td><td><kbd>bg %1<br>bg %ping</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>fg</strong></kbd></td><td>将作业置入前台</td><td><kbd>fg %2<br>fg %apt-get</kbd></td></tr></tbody></table>
 
 #### 关于 shell 内置命令和外部命令的小注 ####
 
@@ -252,7 +251,7 @@ wait 命令会等候给予的进程ID 或 作业ID，然后报告它的终止状
 
 via: http://www.cyberciti.biz/howto/unix-linux-job-control-command-examples-for-bash-ksh-shell/
 
-译者：[Luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+译者：[Luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
 
 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
 

published/15 Linux cp Command Examples - Create a Copy of Files and Directories.md

@@ -1,20 +1,14 @@
 Linux cp 命令的15个示例 - 创建文件和目录的副本
-
 ================================================================================
 
-
 拷贝文件和目录是每一个操作系统的基本指令。备份行为基本上是创建文件和目录的副本。在Linux系统下，我们可以用**cp**命令来实现。
 
-
 ### copy 命令是什么 ###
 
-
 正如我们在上文提到的，**cp**是一个用来创建文件和目录副本的命令。在这里我们提供了一些在日常操作中可能用到的cp命令的实例。
 
-
 ### 1. 不带任何参数下，运行cp  ###
 
-
 这是 cp 命令最基础的使用。 拷贝名为 myfile.txt 从一个位置到另一个位置，我们可以像这样子输入：
 
     $ cp myfile.txt /home/pungki/office
@@ -53,7 +47,7 @@ Linux cp 命令的15个示例 - 创建文件和目录的副本
 如果你收到错误信息，则目录不会被拷贝到目标文件夹。
 
 
-### 4. 创建文件的硬链接，而不是拷贝它们####
+#### 4. 创建文件的硬链接，而不是拷贝它们####
 
 
 
@@ -103,7 +97,8 @@ Linux cp 命令的15个示例 - 创建文件和目录的副本
 ![Symbolic links](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/cp_symlinks.png)
 
 
-#### 6. 不随符号链接拷贝原文件  #####[译注:意思是只拷贝符号链接文件]
+#### 6. 不随符号链接拷贝原文件  ####
+[译注:意思是只拷贝符号链接文件]
 
 
 我们可以用 **-P** 选项来实现。当对符号链接使用 cp 命令，它会照原样拷贝它自身。来看看下面的示例。

published/2014 Linux Jobs Report--Demand for Linux Expertise Drives Hiring Priorities.md

@@ -37,11 +37,12 @@ Linux基金会是一个非营利性组织，意在推动Linux的成长和协调
 ###
 
 注册商标：The Linux Foundation, Linux Standard Base, MeeGo, OpenDaylight, Tizen和Yocto Project都属于Linux基金会的注册商标。OpenBEL是OpenBEL集团的注册商标。Linux是Linus Torvalds的注册商标。
+
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 via: http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/announcements/2014/02/2014-linux-jobs-report-demand-linux-expertise-drives-hiring
 
-译者：[Mr小眼儿](http://blog.csdn.net/tinyeyeser) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+译者：[Mr小眼儿](http://blog.csdn.net/tinyeyeser) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
 
 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
 

published/Create Directory - subdirectory, other than that What mkdir command do in Linux.md

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 在 Linux 下用 mkdir 命令来创建目录和子目录
-
 ==============================================================================
 了解了用 ls 命令在目录中列出条目后，现在我们要学习在 Linux 系统下创建目录。在 Linux 下，我们可以使用 **mkdir** 命令。Mkdir 是“make directory” 的缩写词。
 

published/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Intel Graphics Installer 1.0.3 Released – Supports Ubuntu 13.10.md

@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
-每日 Ubuntu 小技巧——英特尔图形安装程序 1.0.3 发布，支持 Ubuntu 13.10
+每日 Ubuntu 小技巧——Intel图形安装程序 1.0.3 发布，支持 Ubuntu 13.10
 ================================================================================
 
-对于那些使用因特尔显卡台式机或者笔记本来运行 Ubuntu Linux 13.10 的用户来说，有件事可能想要完成——安装 Linux 版本的因特尔图形安装程序。
+对于那些使用Intel显卡台式机或者笔记本来运行 Ubuntu Linux 13.10 的用户来说，有件事可能想要完成——安装 Linux 版本的Intel图形安装程序。
 
-Linux 版本的英特尔图形安装程序允许用户方便地安装最新的英特尔图形和视频驱动程序。直到最近，仍不支持 Ubuntu 13.10。
+Linux 版本的Intel图形安装程序允许用户方便地安装最新的Intel图形和视频驱动程序。现在之前，仍不支持 Ubuntu 13.10。
 
-如果你想保持目前英特尔卡在你机器中的最新驱动程序，你可能需要这个安装程序。它能增强、优化并提供英特尔图形硬件最好的用户体验。
+如果你想保持目前Intel卡在你机器中的最新驱动程序，你可能需要这个安装程序。它能增强、优化并提供Intel图形硬件最好的用户体验。
 
-[https://01.org/linuxgraphics/downloads/2013/intelr-graphics-installer-1.0.3-linux][1]
+访问官网：[https://01.org/linuxgraphics/downloads/2013/intelr-graphics-installer-1.0.3-linux][1]
 
-### 在 Ubuntu 中安装英特尔图形安装程序 ###
+### 在 Ubuntu 中安装Intel图形安装程序 ###
 
-如果你确定你的计算机有英特尔图形卡，而且你正在运行的版本是 Ubuntu 13.10，继续下面的学习如何安装这个包，
+如果你确定你的计算机有Intel图形卡，而且你正在运行的版本是 Ubuntu 13.10，继续下面的学习如何安装这个包，
 
 有些用户安装和配置驱动程序包后曾造成系统问题，所以你应该在安装前持谨慎态度，并备份你的系统。当你完成后，执行下面的命令来下载32位版本的软件包。
 
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ Linux 版本的英特尔图形安装程序允许用户方便地安装最新的
 
 ![](http://www.liberiangeek.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/intelgraphicsinstaller.png)
 
-为了让你的系统信任英特尔图形安装程序，您必须运行下面命令来添加 key 到 Ubuntu 的软件库中。
+为了让你的系统信任Intel图形安装程序，您必须运行下面命令来添加 key 到 Ubuntu 的软件库中。
 
     wget --no-check-certificate https://download.01.org/gfx/RPM-GPG-KEY-ilg -O - | sudo apt-key add -
 
-就这么简单。如果你按照以上步骤做了，你的机器应该能正确运行英特尔驱动程序。如果不是，可能是你的显卡不兼容，或者是不支持。
+就这么简单。如果你按照以上步骤做了，你的机器应该能正确运行Intel驱动程序。如果不是，可能是你的显卡不兼容，或者是不支持。
 
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 

published/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Linux Kernel 3.12.7 Released – Here’s How To Upgrade In Ubuntu.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-每日 Ubuntu 小技巧——Linux Kernel 3.12.7发布，让我教你怎样在 Ubuntu 中升级
+每日 Ubuntu 小技巧：怎样在Ubuntu升级新的 Linux Kernel 3.12.7
 ================================================================================
 
 Linux Kernel 版本3.12.7主线已经发布了，而这篇简短教程将会向你展示怎样简单地在 Ubuntu 中升级。如果你正好运行 Ubuntu 13.10 或者更低版本，还碰巧你的系统还不是安装最新的内核，读完吧。
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ Linux Kernel 是 linux 操作系统的核心，包括了 Ubuntu。内核使 Ubun
     sudo apt-get remove linux-headers-3.12.7-* linux-image-3.13.7-*
 
 好好享受吧！
+
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2014/01/daily-ubuntu-tips-linux-kernel-3-12-7-released-heres-how-to-upgrade-in-ubuntu/

published/Here are Facebook’s 9 top open-source projects from 2013.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 2013年Facebook排名前9位的开源项目
 ================================================================================
-Facebook和开源项目之间的关系就像Jay-Z和碧昂丝一样 — 二者缺一不可
+Facebook和开源项目之间的关系就像Jay-Z和碧昂丝一样 —— 二者缺一不可
 
 如果把Blue Ivy看作是后两者结合的产物的话，那么这个孩子就相当于Facebook的React, Rebound, HipHop, 以及其他的一些开源项目.
 
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Facebook和开源项目之间的关系就像Jay-Z和碧昂丝一样 — 二者
 
 via: http://venturebeat.com/2013/12/20/here-are-facebooks-9-top-open-source-projects-from-2013/
 
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+译者：[Linchenguang ](https://github.com/Linchenguang ) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
 
 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
 

published/How To Execute bin Files In Linux.md

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 在这篇简短教程中，我会指导你们如何在你的 Linux 机器上安装 **.bin** 文件。并不是一些可怕的终端命令，我保证！但是我同样会展示如何在终端上操作 。
 
-什么是 .bin 文件？
+###什么是 .bin 文件？
 
 .bin 文件是在 Linux 和类 Unix 操作系统上的自执行文件。在执行 .bin 文件之前，你需要给它执行权限。这可以通过命令行或者 gui 完成。如果你喜欢用命令行那么打开一个新的终端并运行如下的命令来给予文件执行权限。
 

published/How To Install Google Keep In Ubuntu 13.10 [Quick Tip].md

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+快速技巧——如何在 Ubuntu 13.10 上安装 Google Keep
+================================================================================
+
+![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Google-keep-logo.jpg)
+
+最近，Google Keep 已经成为我在 Android 最喜欢用的笔记应用。而在 Ubuntu 的工作中, 我同样想做一些快速笔记。既然 Google Keep 可以在设备间同步, 这样 **在 Ubuntu 上安装 Google Keep** 也有用了。在这个快速技巧中，我会向你展示如何在 Ubuntu 13.10 或者其它 Linux 发行版上安装 Google Keep。
+
+如果你是一个 Google Chrome 用户，你可能知道 Google 的“桌面应用”。可以在 Chrome 在线商店的**桌面**分类中找到很多应用。不像运行在浏览器的常规 Chrome 应用，这些“桌面应用”独立运行，就像桌面应用那样。我们会看见如何将这个新的特性以原生 Ubuntu 应用形式安装 chrome 应用。
+
+### 在 Ubuntu 13.10 上安装 Google Keep: ###
+
+尽管我在这里用 Google Keep 为例子，你可以使用相同的流程来安装其它应用，像[Any.do][1]或者[Pocket][2](从上述的桌面分类中找到)。当然，**你必须在你的系统中安装了 Chrome 浏览器**。它或许无法工作在 Chromium 浏览器中。
+
+### 步骤 1: ###
+
+新建一个 Chrome 标签页。进入 Chrome 在线商店并安装 Google Keep。
+
+### 步骤 2: ###
+
+在新的标签页中，**右击** Google Keep 图标并选择 **创建快捷方式**。
+
+![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Install_Google_keep_Ubuntu.jpeg)
+
+### 步骤 3: ###
+
+选择桌面和应用菜单。
+
+![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Install_Google_Keep_Ubuntu_2.png)
+
+就是这样，实际上很简单。你现在可以在 Unity Dash 中找到 Google Keep 并锁定到 launcher。即使你没有运行 Chrome，你也可以像其它的 Ubuntu 程序那样简单地运行 Google Keep。
+
+![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Install_Google_keep_Ubuntu_3.jpeg)
+
+很酷，不是么？Google 也正在计划移植 Google App Launcher 到 Linux 中。很快我们就可以使用 Google Now 桌面应用了，目前只能运用于Chrome的dev channel上。
+
+想象一下这些，我在想为什么 Google 还没有为 Linux 开发远程 Google Drive 客户端。当然这里有一些第三方程序，像[ SyncDrive 用来同步 Google Drive，就像 Ubuntu 中的 Dropbox 那样][3]，但是如果有一款官方程序就更好了。
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://itsfoss.com/install-google-keep-ubuntu-1310/
+
+译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[1]:http://www.any.do/ 
+[2]:http://getpocket.com/
+[3]:http://itsfoss.com/sync-multiple-google-drive-dropbox-syncdrive-ubuntu/
+[4]:
+[5]:
+[6]:
+[7]:
+[8]:
+[9]:
+[10]:
+[11]:

published/How to convert an HTML web page to PNG image on Linux.md

@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 如何在Linux上将HTML页面转化成png图片
 ================================================================================
-将一个特定页面抓取为一张png图片的最简单的方法是使用[CutyCapt][1]，这是一种在Linux下的方便地将HTML网页转化成不同向量和位图图像格式的命令行工具（比如，SVG, PDF, PS, PNG, JPEG, TIFF, GIF）。CutyCapt内部使用WebKit渲染引擎来导出网页渲染输出到图片文件中。它使用Qt构建，CutyCapt实际上是一个也可以在Windows上使用的跨平台应用。
+将一个特定页面抓取为一张png图片的最简单的方法是使用[CutyCapt][1]，这是一种在Linux下的方便地将HTML网页转化成矢量图形和位图图像格式的命令行工具（比如，SVG, PDF, PS, PNG, JPEG, TIFF, GIF）。CutyCapt内部使用WebKit渲染引擎来导出网页渲染输出到图片文件中。它使用Qt构建，CutyCapt实际上是一个也可以在Windows上使用的跨平台应用。
 
 在本篇教程中，我会描述如何**将一个HTML网页使用CutyCapt转化成png图片**。
 
-### 在Linux上 CutyCapt###
+### 在Linux上安装 CutyCapt###
 
 这是在特定Linux发行版上的安装命令。
 
-**在Debian, Ubuntu 或者 Linux Mint 安装 CutyCapt **
+####在Debian, Ubuntu 或者 Linux Mint 安装 CutyCapt 
 
     $ sudo apt-get install cutycapt 
 
-**在Fedora上安装 CutyCapt**
+####在Fedora上安装 CutyCapt
 
     $ sudo yum install subversion qt-devel qtwebkit-devel gcc-c++ make
     $ svn co svn://svn.code.sf.net/p/cutycapt/code/ cutycapt
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
     $ make
     $ sudo cp CutyCapt /usr/local/bin/cutycapt 
 
-### 在CentOS 或者 RHEL安装 CutyCapt ###
+#### 在CentOS 或者 RHEL安装 CutyCapt
 
 首先在你的Linux上[启用EPEL仓库][3]。接着和在Fedora上一样使用相同的步骤编译安装。
 
@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@
 
 如果你要不含X的服务器上运行CutyCapt，你可以在服务器上安装Xvfb（轻量级“假的”X11 服务）。这样CutyCapt就不会报错了。
 
-
 要在Debian, Ubuntu 或者 Linux Mint 上安装Xvfb：
 
     $ sudo apt-get install xvfb 
@@ -76,7 +75,7 @@
 
 via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/02/convert-html-web-page-png-image-linux.html
 
-译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
 
 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
 

published/How to visually observe the partitions' usage with Ubuntu 13.10's Disk Usage Analyzer.md

@@ -10,13 +10,13 @@ Ubuntu 13.10 默认自带磁盘分析器，一个允许用户快速并有效地
 
 ![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/Disk%20Usage%20Analyzer%20ubuntu%2013.10.png)
 
-因此，磁盘使用分析器允许用户找出目前为被忽视的有潜在错误的文件夹，例如，用户可以立即发现显著占据分区的一个大尺寸的元素（元素越大，尺寸越大），但是，由于它的名字，仍旧被忽视。
+因此，磁盘使用分析器允许用户找出目前为被忽视的有潜在错误的文件夹，例如，用户可以立即发现显著占据分区的一个大尺寸的块（块越大代表其文件大小越大），但是，从文件名上你很难感觉到它的大小。
 
 
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 via: http://iloveubuntu.net/how-visually-observe-partitions-usage-ubuntu-1310s-disk-usage-analyzer
 
-译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
 
 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

published/Linus Torvalds Announces Kernel 3.13, opens Linux 3.14 Merge Window.md

@@ -4,11 +4,21 @@ Linux内核3.13已经发布了。但是需要注意的是发布的最终版本
 
 ![](http://www.efytimes.com/admin/useradmin/photo/Z82K112446AM1212014.jpeg)
 
-重要的更新包括：nftables-iptables的继承者，针对高性能SSD的块层(block layer)的翻新，一个功耗上限(power capping)的框架来限制在Intel RAPL(Running Average Power Limit)设备中的功耗，优化的squashfs性能，默认开启AMD Radeon的电源管理和AMD Radeon GPU的自动切换，优化NUMA和hugepage的性能，默认开启TCP Fast Open(TFO)，支持NFC支付，支持High-availability Seamless Redundancy(HSR)协议，新驱动以及各种小改进。
+重要的更新包括：
+- nftables —— iptables的继承者
+- 针对高性能SSD的块层(block layer)的翻新
+- 一个功耗上限(power capping)的框架来限制在Intel RAPL(Running Average Power Limit)设备中的功耗
+- 优化的squashfs性能
+- 默认开启AMD Radeon的电源管理和AMD Radeon GPU的自动切换
+- 优化NUMA和hugepage的性能
+- 默认开启TCP Fast Open(TFO)
+- 支持NFC支付
+- 支持High-availability Seamless Redundancy(HSR)协议
+- 新驱动以及各种小改进。
 
 ###为高性能SSD储存设计的可伸缩块层(block layer)###
 
-这次更新包括了Linux块层(block layer)的新设计，基于两个阶段的队列：第一层是为了提交IO的每个CPU中的队列，在这之后是在硬件层面的提交队列。实验表明这种双层面队列的设计可以实现每秒数百万的IO交换，压榨了NVM-Express或PCI-E设备在多核CPU支持下的性能，在压榨性能的同时，这种设计仍能够提供块层的大众接口以及一些方便的特性。
+这次更新包括了Linux块层(block layer)的新设计，基于两个阶段的队列：第一层是为了提交IO的每个CPU中的队列，在这之后是在硬件层面的提交队列。实验表明这种双层面队列的设计可以实现每秒数百万的IO交换，压榨出了NVM-Express或PCI-E设备在多核CPU支持下的性能，在压榨性能的同时，这种设计仍能够提供块层的大众接口以及一些方便的特性。
 
 ###nftables，iptables的继承者###
 
@@ -28,7 +38,7 @@ Linux内核3.13已经发布了。但是需要注意的是发布的最终版本
 
 ###优化性能的NUMA系统###
 
-本次更新包含了很多政策可以将处理过程移至其占用内存旁从而加快处理速度，这些新的政策也可以处理同一分页被不同进程占用以及巨大透明内存分页等情况。新的sysctls命令可以实现NUMA功能的开启/禁用以及调节。
+本次更新包含了很多策略可以将处理过程移至其占用内存旁，从而加快处理速度，这些新的策略也可以处理同一分页被不同进程占用以及巨大透明内存分页等情况。新的sysctls命令可以实现NUMA功能的开启/禁用以及调节。
 
 ###优化在巨大工作量下的内存分页表的伸缩性###
 
@@ -36,7 +46,7 @@ Linux内核3.13已经发布了。但是需要注意的是发布的最终版本
 
 ###提升Squashfs的性能###
 
-Squashfs，被大量live distribution，安装包以及一些嵌入式Linux distribution采用的只读文件系统，有了一个重要的优化使得它在同步读取的工作中有了巨大的性能提升。
+Squashfs，被大量live发行版、安装包以及一些嵌入式Linux发行版采用的只读文件系统，有了一个重要的优化使得它在同步读取的工作中有了巨大的性能提升。
 
 ###应用可以限制网络传输层的运算速率###
 
@@ -60,7 +70,7 @@ Squashfs，被大量live distribution，安装包以及一些嵌入式Linux dist
 
 via: http://www.efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=127445
 
-译者：[ThomazL](https://github.com/ThomazL) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+译者：[ThomazL](https://github.com/ThomazL) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
 
 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
 

published/Linux more Command - Display Long Text File Per page at a Time.md

@@ -115,6 +115,6 @@ more是一个用来查看文本文件的基础工具，它不能用来显示二
 
 via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-more-command/
 
-译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
 
 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

published/Mark Shuttleworth interview--Taking Ubuntu beyond desktops.md

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+马克·沙特尔沃思专访：Ubuntu——不仅仅是桌面端
+================================================================================
+也许，他已经从Canonical公司CEO的位置退了下来，但马克·沙特尔沃思仍然是最能代表Ubuntu的公众人物。
+
+2013年年初，他在Ubuntu Edge众筹项目上栽了跟头，除了现金，他争取到了许多个人资本的支持，但是距离最终的宏大目标还是相差甚远。然而，他告诉我们该项目并非完全失败，并且甚至有可能被所有知名的智能手机制造商所模仿。
+
+#### 问：Ubuntu将会继续专注于桌面多长时间？####
+
+**答：**如果你有观察到我们在桌面、手机和平板上已完成的设计工作，会发现我们已经针对性地完成了一些工作，这样我们就可以将它们整合为同一个代码库。目前我们正在努力的移动端代码同时也是未来的桌面代码库：你的手机就可以给你一个桌面环境，因为它本身就包含了所有的桌面端代码。
+
+> 目前我们正在努力的移动端代码同时也是未来的桌面代码库
+
+实际的代码合并会在下一个主周期里的某个时间点进行 - 不会在14.04版本中，但有可能在14.10或15.04中。我们相信我们有能力赶在微软完成合并移动端和PC端的Windows系统前完成这一计划，尽管微软公司表示这是它在设计和发展上的目标。
+
+一旦我们合并完这些代码，就会产生一个疑问：六个月的发行周期还是否有必要。因为手机和平板用户习惯于在任何时刻更新手机系统，因此我们可能会软化六个月的周期，改为随时发布更新。
+
+#### 问：安卓和iOS已经发展得很好了，你是如何鼓舞开发者们为Ubuntu开发应用程序的呢？####
+
+**答：** 这个问题很关键。Ubuntu是各种[云计算][1]上的首要平台 - 例如，Instagram全部部署在Ubuntu上，人们移动设备里运行的游戏和服务后端也运行在Ubuntu云上。因此，在这方面，我们有很强烈的责任感。
+
+我认为在Ubuntu和Windows 8之间最关键的不同是，Ubuntu基于Linux，就像安卓一样。这意味着相比Windows，为安卓平台设计的web应用和原生应用与Ubuntu的关系会更紧密一些。很多安卓开发者使用Ubuntu，在Ubutu上开发应用程序，因此对他们来说同时瞄准这两个平台开发更加容易。
+
+#### 问：目前有任何硬件合作者有意向生产Ubuntu手机和平板吗？####
+
+**答：**我们在很多家居品牌上看到了测试设备。但这些公司都是由内部团队来决定未来如何选择，外界很难去影响他们，真正能促使他们做出决定的只有他们自己感兴趣的东西。
+
+但是我们也发现了很多公司将Ubuntu平台部署在一些前沿的设备上。既然Ubuntu也是Linux，所以对他们而言如果想要流水线生产安卓设备相对更容易。这是一个十分强烈的兴趣信号，暗示他们正在独立地将Ubuntu安装到设备上并将其呈现给运营商。
+
+#### 问：你是否对Ubuntu Edge没能获得资助感到失望？####
+
+**答：**的确，我感到非常失望，因为我们没有能够将它转变成现实。我持续地收到人们发来的电子邮件，在其中写到“我支持Edge，为它没有诞生感到难过”。但我还是备受打击，毕竟我们没有达到预定目标。对我们来说设备的自主生产才会是一个巨大的保证，但如果你考虑已有的手机生产商，他们可能会以较低的[资金]上限来对待Edge。
+
+我们也看到了更多人更多地开始对融合更感兴趣。人们都在说，“是的，移动处理器正在追上桌面台式机”。苹果发布下一代iPhone [5s]时，它声称处理器是“桌面级的”，我认为这并非偶然。
+
+要说苹果过早地幸灾乐祸，可能性不大，因此我们认为这一说法传递了一个非常清晰的信号：iPhone手机和MacBook Air笔记本电脑将会进行整合。除非你打算用这种CPU去制造一台桌面设备，否则去讨论这种CPU的机器性能是没有任何意义的。
+
+因此，当我为我们没有成功实现Edge感到失望时，我也确信这个想法会被实现的。未来我们将重点关注如何为这个融合的世界提供最好的软件栈。
+
+#### 问：你个人使用的是什么类型的智能手机？####
+
+**答：**我的智能手机是一台Nexus，并且我已经用Ubuntu替换掉了安卓。我也拥有一些运行着Windows Phone，iOS和安卓的设备。这样可以帮助我持续了解什么是用户期望得到的东西。
+
+#### 问：Ubuntu电视的开发进度如何？它在2012就已经发布，但从此却杳无音讯了。####
+
+**答：** Ubuntu电视已经并入到移动端代码了。目前我们正致力于生产。这次发行可能是手机，下次是平板，最后一切都将融合在一起。我们将拥有一个独有代码库，跨越所有不同形式因素的Ubuntu经验代码库。
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://www.pcpro.co.uk/news/interviews/386080/mark-shuttleworth-interview-taking-ubuntu-beyond-desktops
+
+译者：[KayGuoWhu](https://github.com/KayGuoWhu) 校对：[Mr小眼儿](http://blog.csdn.net/tinyeyeser)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[1]:http://www.cloudpro.co.uk/

published/Moving or Rename File ／ Directory in Linux - 10 Practical mv Command Examples.md

@@ -7,19 +7,17 @@ Linux 移动或重命名文件/目录－mv 的10个实用例子
 
 mv 命令是一个与**cp**类似的命令，但是它**并非**创建文件或目录的复制品/副本。不管你在使用什么版本的Linux系统，mv 都默认安装在你的Linux系统上了。来看一下 mv 命令在日常操作中的一些例子。
 
-### 1.移动文件 ###
+#### 1.移动文件 ####
 
-移动文件时需要注意的是文件的源地址和目标地址**必须不同**。这里有个例子。想要将**file_1.txt**文件从当前目录移动到其它目录，以**/home/pungki/**为例，语法应该如下：
+移动文件时需要注意的是文件的源地址和目标地址**必须不同**。这里有个例子，想要将**file_1.txt**文件从当前目录移动到其它目录，以**/home/pungki/**为例，语法应该如下：
 
     $ mv file_1.txt /home/pungki/office
 
 ![mv command](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/mv.png)
 
-
 如我们所见，当我们移动 file_txt 文件时，先前目录的 file_1.txt 就**被删除了**。
 
-### 2.移动多个文件 ###
-
+#### 2.移动多个文件 ####
 
 如果想一次移动多个文件，我们可以将他们放在一行并用空格分开。
 
@@ -27,24 +25,22 @@ mv 命令是一个与**cp**类似的命令，但是它**并非**创建文件或
 
 ![Move multiple files](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/mv_multiple.png)
 
-如果你的文件有规律可循的话那么你就可以利用它。比如，为了移除所有以**.txt**为扩展名的文件，我们可以用下面的命令：
+如果你的文件有规律可循的话那么你就可以使用通配符。比如，为了移除所有以**.txt**为扩展名的文件，我们可以用下面的命令：
 
     $ mv *.txt /home/pungki/office
 
 ![Move using pattern](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/mv_pattern.png)
 
-### 3.移动目录 ###
+#### 3.移动目录 ####
 
 不同于复制命令，用 mv 命令移动目录相当直接。移动目录你可以使用不带选项的 mv 命令。看下面的截图就一目了然了。
 
 ![Moving directory](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/mv_directory.png)
 
-### 4.重命名文件或目录 ###
-
+#### 4.重命名文件或目录 ####
 
 我们也用 mv 命令来重命名文件或目录。不过目标位置和源位置必须相同才可以。然后文件名必须不同。
 
-
 假定我们当前所在目录为**/home/pungki/Documents**，而我们想将**file_1.txt重命名为file_2.txt**。那么命令应该如下：
 
     $ mv file_1.txt file_2.txt
@@ -55,8 +51,7 @@ mv 命令是一个与**cp**类似的命令，但是它**并非**创建文件或
 
 ![Renaming file](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/ren_file.png)
 
-
-### 5. 重命名目录 ###
+#### 5. 重命名目录 ####
 
 上一段的规则同样适用于目录。请看这个例子：
 
@@ -64,8 +59,7 @@ mv 命令是一个与**cp**类似的命令，但是它**并非**创建文件或
 
 ![Renaming directory](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/ren_directory.png)
 
-### 6. 打印移动信息 ###
-
+#### 6. 打印移动信息 ####
 
 当你移动或重命名一大堆文件或目录时，你可能会想在不去目标位置去查看的情况下知道你自己的命令是否成功地执行了。这就要用到**-v**选项了。
 
@@ -77,10 +71,9 @@ mv 命令是一个与**cp**类似的命令，但是它**并非**创建文件或
 
 ![mv directory with verbose mode](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/mv_v_directory.png)
 
-### 使用交互模式 ###
-
-当你将文件移动到其它位置，而那个位置恰好有同样的文件，这时 mv 命令会覆盖掉原来的文件。对于mv的这一行为一般不会有什么提示。如果想产生一个关于覆盖文件的提示，我们可以使用**-i**选项。
+#### 7. 使用交互模式 ####
 
+当你将文件移动到其它位置，而那个位置恰好有同样的文件，这时 mv 命令会覆盖掉原来的文件。对于mv的这一行为一般不会有什么提示。如果想产生一个关于覆盖文件的提示，我们可以使用**-i**选项。（译注：通常发行版会通过alias命令，将-i作为默认选项，所以会有提示。）
 
 假设我们想将 file_1.txt 移动到 /home/pungki/office。同时，/home/pungki/office 目录下已经有file_1.txt文件了。
 
@@ -88,32 +81,28 @@ mv 命令是一个与**cp**类似的命令，但是它**并非**创建文件或
 
 ![mv with interactive mode](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/mv_interactive.png)
 
-
 这个提示会让我们知道目标位置处file_1.txt的存在。如果我们按**y**键，那么那个文件将会被删除，否则不会。
 
-### 8. 使用更新选项 ###
+#### 8. 使用更新选项 ####
 
 －i 选项会提示我们关于覆盖文件的提示，而 －u 则只在源文件比目标文件新时才执行更新。让我们看一看下面的例子：
 
 ![Update only newer](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/mv_u.png)
 
-
 假如 file_1.txt 和 file_2.txt有如下特点：
 
     File_1.txt has 84 bytes file size and it last modified time is 12:00
     File_2.txt has 0 bytes file size and it last modified time is 11:59
 
-
 我们想将它们移动到 /home/pungki/office 目录下。***但是目标地址**已经有file_1.txt和file_2.txt了。 
 
 我们用下面的命令将file_1.txt 和file_2.txt从当前目录移动到/home/pungki/office
 
     $ mv -uv *.txt /home/pungki/office
 
-
 可以看到这些文件被移动了。能移动这些文件是因为它们最近的修改时间戳比 /home/pungki/office 目录中的文件新。
 
-### 9.不要覆盖任何已存在的文件 ###
+#### 9.不要覆盖任何已存在的文件 ####
 
 如果**-i**选项询问我们是否要覆盖文件，那么 -n 选项将不会允许我们覆盖任何已存在的文件。
 
@@ -123,9 +112,7 @@ mv 命令是一个与**cp**类似的命令，但是它**并非**创建文件或
 
 ![No overwrite](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/mv_n.png)
 
-
-### 10. 复制时创建备份 ###
-
+#### 10. 复制时创建备份 ####
 
 默认情况下，移动文件将会覆盖已存在的目标文件。但是如果我们移动错了文件而目标文件已经被新的文件覆盖了，这时应该怎么办才好呢？**有没有一种方法可以恢复之前的文件呢？答案是肯定的**。我们可以用**-b**选项。该选项会在新文件覆盖旧文件时将旧文件做备份。这里我们还以第8点为例。
 
@@ -135,7 +122,17 @@ mv 命令是一个与**cp**类似的命令，但是它**并非**创建文件或
 
 如截图中所见，在 /home/pungki/office 目录下出现了名为**file_1.txt~ and file_2.txt~ 的文件。那个波浪符号（～）意味着**这些文件是备份文件。从它们的属性中我们可以看到，这些文件比file_1.txt和file_2.txt要旧。
 
-### 总结 ##
+#### 11. 无条件覆盖已经存在的文件 ####
+
+（译注：这一节是译者补充的，原文遗漏了这个重要选项）
+
+当你希望无论如何都覆盖已经存在的文件或目录时，你可以使用 -f 选项。如果同时指定了 -f 选项和 -i 或 -n 选项，则 -f 选项会覆盖它们——即不进行任何提示而覆盖，所以，在使用此参数时，知道你在做什么。
+
+	$ mv -f *.txt /home/pungki/office
+
+
+
+### 总结 ###
 
 移动文件和目录命令是Linux系统的基本命令。通常你可以通过**man mv** 或者 **mv --help**显示mv的手册页以了解更多详细信息。 
 
@@ -143,8 +140,8 @@ mv 命令是一个与**cp**类似的命令，但是它**并非**创建文件或
 
 via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/mv-command-linux/
 
-译者：[Linchenguang](https://github.com/Linchenguang) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+译者：[Linchenguang](https://github.com/Linchenguang) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
 
 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
 
-[1]:http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-cp-command/
+[1]:http://linux.cn/article-2687-1.html

published/Should Canonical Drop the Current Background Theme for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+Canonical应该在Ubuntu 14.04 LTS中放弃现有的背景主题么?
+================================================================================
+![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Should-Canonical-Drop-the-Curent-Background-Theme-for-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-420737-2.jpg)
+
+Ubuntu已经使用同一套背景很多年了,但是随着即将到来的Ubuntu 14.04 LTS(Trusty Tahr),它会是更换主题的一个绝佳时机么?
+
+Ubuntu设计团队总是保持背景简单又熟悉。从经验上,你需要确保用户在扫一眼的时候就能认出操作系统,仅仅在看见桌面颜色的时候。
+
+这方向上主要的改变是在Ubuntu 10.04 LTS(Lucid Lynx)发布的时候.在Lucid Lynx之后,背景一直在进化中,从一个版本到另一个,都有很小的增长。
+
+Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Trusty Tahr) 或许是时候撼动这件事了。Canonical同样在准备对icon和Unity7 的改头换面。有什么更好的时机使Ubuntu 14.04 LTS与之前的版本中脱颖而出?
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Should-Canonical-Drop-the-Curent-Background-Theme-for-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-420737.shtml
+
+译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

published/Top 9 Linux Podcasts.md

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ Everyday Linux 是由 Seth Anderson，Chirs Neves 和 Mark Cockrell 主持，并
 
 我经常在一些文章末尾得到一些评论，指明发行版并不是操作系统，它是发行版又或者 Linux 不是一个操作系统，GNU/Linux 才是。这看来似乎是永不结束的讨论。
 
-在很多个月之前，我很幸运我能够以[嘉宾的身份在 Everyday Linux podcast][6] 中登场。
+在好几个月之前，我很幸运我能够以[嘉宾的身份在 Everyday Linux podcast][6] 中登场。
 
 ### 5. Going Linux ###
 
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ Ubuntu UK Podcast 是一个英国的 Podcast，由 Laura Cowen，Mark Johnson
 
 节目通常会谈论过去一个星期有关 Linux 的新闻，其中覆盖了从发行到信息安全等各方面的内容。
 
-据对值得收听，尤其如果你不是一个特别容易被冒犯的人。
+绝对值得收听，尤其如果你不是一个特别容易被冒犯的人。
 
 ### 8. Linux Luddites ###
 
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ Podcasts 更多的是娱乐和推送新闻，并且相对于收听普通的收
 
 via: http://www.everydaylinuxuser.com/2014/02/top-9-linux-podcasts.html
 
-译者：[hyaocuk](https://github.com/hyaocuk) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+译者：[hyaocuk](https://github.com/hyaocuk) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
 
 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
 

published/Two Pi R 2--Web Servers.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 树莓派使用实例之：2 Pi R 第二篇：Web服务器
 ================================================================================
-在我的上一篇[文章][1]中讲过如何做一个冗余系统：两个树莓派布署上 GlusterFS 集群文件系统，就变成一个容错文件服务器了。在这篇文章中我们会基于这个冗余系统构建另一个容错服务：建立一个简单的 Web 服务器集群。
+在我的上一篇[文章][1]中讲过如何做一个高可用系统：两个树莓派布署上 GlusterFS 集群文件系统，就变成一个容错文件服务器了。在这篇文章中我们会基于这个高可用系统构建另一个容错服务：建立一个简单的 Web 服务器集群。
 
 可能你没有看过我的上一篇文章，那我就在这里简单回顾一下上次的内容。我有两个树莓派：Pi1 和 Pi2。Pi1 的 IP 地址为 192.168.0.121，Pi2 的 IP 地址为 192.168.0.122。我把它们组合成为 GlusterFS 集群系统，共享一个存储卷，卷名为 gv0。并且这个 gv0 被挂载在两个树莓派上，挂载点都是 /mnt/gluster1，这样一来，两个树莓派能同时访问到这个共享卷。最后我测试了下系统的容错性，将共享卷挂载到第三个物理机上，并执行共享卷上的一个简单的脚本：打印系统时间并输出到 gv0 上的一个文件内，然后轮着关掉两台树莓派，检测这个冗余系统是否还能用。
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Nginx 安装好后，创建配置文件 /mnt/gluster1/cluster ，内容如下：
 
 注意：我这里把服务器命名为“twopir”，你可以根据自己爱好命名你的网站。另外我把 Web 服务器的根目录设置为 /mng/gluster1/www。这样，我就能把我的静态文件放在这个共享存储系统内，从而让两个树莓派主机都访问到它们。
 
-现在删除默认的 Nginx 配置文件，将上面配好的配置文件作为 Nginx 的配置文件。在 Debian 系统中，Nginx 将它的文件像 Apache 一样放在 sites-available 和 site-enabled 两个目录下面。虚拟主机配置文档放在 sites-available 中，而 sites-enabled 目录包含了你想生效的配置文件的软链接。
+现在删除默认的 Nginx 配置文件，将上面配好的配置文件作为 Nginx 的配置文件。在 Debian 系统中，Nginx 将它的配置文件像 Apache 一样放在 sites-available 和 site-enabled 两个目录下面。虚拟主机配置文档放在 sites-available 中，而 sites-enabled 目录包含了你想生效的配置文件的软链接。
 
     $ cd /etc/nginx/sites-available
     $ sudo ln -s /mnt/gluster1/cluster .
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Nginx 安装好后，创建配置文件 /mnt/gluster1/cluster ，内容如下：
 
     $ sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart
 
-现在去 DNS 服务器为192.168.0.121的树莓派配置记录。你可以根据自己的情况配置你自己的域名和 IP 地址。现在在浏览器上输入 http://twopor/ 然后出现默认的 Nginx 首页。如果你查看下 /var/log/nginx/access.log 文件，你可以看到点击网页留下的记录。
+现在去 DNS 服务器为192.168.0.121的树莓派配置记录。你可以根据自己的情况配置你自己的域名和 IP 地址。现在在浏览器上输入 http://twopir/ 然后出现默认的 Nginx 首页。如果你查看下 /var/log/nginx/access.log 文件，你可以看到点击网页留下的记录。
 
 Nginx 能正常工作后，配置第二个树莓派。因为我们已经将配置文件都放在 GlusterFS 共享目录下，我们现在要做的只是安装 Nginx，创建相关的软链接，重启 Nginx：
 
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ Nginx 能正常工作后，配置第二个树莓派。因为我们已经将配
 
 ### DNS 服务器上配置两条 A 记录 ###
 
-现在两个主机共享同一份文件，下一步是设置冗余系统的关键步骤。虽然你完全可以设置一个类似心跳的服务用于轮询检测哪个树莓派的 Web 服务是开启的，但这里有个更好的方法：两个 DNS 服务器使用 A 记录（译注：A 记录就是将域名转化为 IP 地址的记录，DNS 包含很多记录方式，如 A 记录、PTR 记录、MX 记录等等）同一个主机名，这就是传说中的 DNS 负载均衡，DNS 访问主机时，如果主机名对应多个 IP 地址，DNS 会随机返回这些 IP 地址的顺序：
+现在两个主机共享同一份文件，下一步是设置冗余系统的关键步骤。虽然你完全可以设置一个类似心跳的服务用于轮询检测哪个树莓派的 Web 服务是开启的，但这里有个更好的方法：给同一个主机名指定两个 DNS 的 A 记录，分别指向你的两个树莓派（译注：A 记录就是将域名转化为 IP 地址的记录，DNS 包含很多记录方式，如 A 记录、PTR 记录、MX 记录等等），这就是传说中的 DNS 负载均衡，DNS 访问主机时，如果主机名对应多个 IP 地址，DNS 会随机返回这些 IP 地址的顺序：
 
     $ dig twopir.example.com A +short
     192.168.0.121
@@ -80,8 +80,8 @@ Nginx 能正常工作后，配置第二个树莓派。因为我们已经将配
 
 via: http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/two-pi-r-2-web-servers
 
-译者：[bazz2](https://github.com/bazz2) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+译者：[bazz2](https://github.com/bazz2) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
 
 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
 
-[1]:http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/two-pi-r
+[1]:http://linux.cn/article-2587-1.html

published/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS vs. Windows XP--Pros and Cons.md

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+对决：Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 大战 Windows XP
+================================================================================
+![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-vs-Windows-XP-Pros-and-Cons-430084-2.jpg)
+
+**越来越多的人期待着 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Trusty Tahr) 的发布，并希望她能在不改变用户习惯的前提下替代 Windows XP。
+因此我们将在本文尝试给大家分析下这个两个系统的优缺点。**
+
+很多 Windows XP 用户在微软宣布四月份后即将停止对他们的操作系统提供安全更新后作出改变。他们像大多数改用 Linux 的用户一样，有着大量的系统操作和兼容性方面各式各样的问题。而事实是这些原 XP 用户可能顾虑太多了，理由如下：
+
+### 安装 ###
+
+如果你在一生中哪怕就装过一次 Windows，祝贺你，因为你已经知道该如何安装 Ubuntu 这类的系统了。Ubuntu 为用户提供了一个很直观而且没有太多复杂选项的安装界面。
+
+唯一可能会使你疑惑的就是系统分区时出现的大量陌生词汇了，比如“交换空间(swap)”和“EXT4文件系统”。不过好消息是在 Linux 下你或许永远不需要多个分区了。
+
+![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-vs-Windows-XP-Pros-and-Cons-430084-3.jpg)
+
+*Ubuntu 安装*
+
+### 驱动 ###
+
+Windows 用户需要为新的硬件安装驱动，比方说聊天时用的摄像头。
+某些驱动或许会由系统提供，但大多数的仍需要手动安装。
+
+在 Ubuntu 的驱动问题上，唯一可能需要担心的就是显卡驱动了。
+首先你可能不清楚应该从哪里改变现有驱动，而安装一个新的驱动可能需要一些调整。
+然而这刚好是你学习如何添加一个 PPA 源以及更新你的软件包的好时机，而且这些操作都轻而易举。
+
+![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-vs-Windows-XP-Pros-and-Cons-430084-4.jpg)
+
+*安装私有驱动*
+
+### 主界面 ###
+
+Ubuntu 在整体界面上还是和 Windows XP 有些区别的。尽管她更直观，但总有些偷懒的用户还是会放弃探索如何使用这个新系统的精彩时光。
+
+不过呢 Ubuntu 依然可以为这些“懒”用户们提供几种看起来更像 Windows XP 的衍生版本，比如 Xubuntu 和 Lubuntu。
+她们都是基于 Ubuntu 的而且提供基本相同的软件。
+
+![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-vs-Windows-XP-Pros-and-Cons-430084-5.jpg)
+
+*Ubuntu 桌面*
+
+### 应用与安全 ###
+
+或许你会觉得在 Windows XP 上安装程序很容易。
+不是么？就双击一个安装程序，然后狂按下一步（包括压根没人读的那份最终用户许可协议），一个程序就这么装上了。
+
+Ubuntu 下事情其实更简单。只要打开 Ubuntu 软件中心然后搜索你想要的应用，最后轻轻按下安装，一切搞定！
+
+有些情况下在 Windows XP 上安装程序会很危险，尤其是在微软终止提供安全补丁以后。
+在 Ubuntu 上你将很难再见到你身边的那堆病毒和流氓软件，即使有病毒在 Linux 上出现也将非常短命。
+只要程序有任何一个问题出现，立即就会有开发人员释出补丁并修复。
+
+不过呢，在 Ubuntu 上你也许不大可能会找全你在 Windows XP 上曾经用过的所有软件。
+但大部分知名软件商都会提供 Linux 版本，不但如此你还可以在 Ubuntu 上找寻更多的相似软件予以替代。
+
+![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-vs-Windows-XP-Pros-and-Cons-430084-6.jpg)
+
+*使用 Ubuntu 软件中心安装应用*
+
+### 游戏 ###
+
+也许 Windows XP 看起来更适合玩游戏，但事实是大多数游戏开发者将放弃去兼容一个即将消亡的系统。
+而且 Valve 将进一切力量去支持 Linux 平台并将整个游戏产业推向这个方向。
+
+Linux 版 Steam 仅推出一年时间就有 500 多个游戏上线而且这个趋势没有任何下降的迹象。
+再过几年，在游戏方面 Linux 平台必将赶超 Windows。
+所以现在就开始熟悉 Ubuntu 吧，如果你是个出色的玩家，就绝不应该放弃这个机会。
+
+![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-vs-Windows-XP-Pros-and-Cons-430084-7.jpg)
+
+*Linux 版《传送门 2》*
+
+### 结论 ###
+
+如果你是一个 Windows XP 用户但对使用 Linux 和 Ubuntu 有任何顾虑，建议你在升级到 Windows 7 或 8 之前再三考虑。
+Linux 有所有你需要的功能，没有任何理由不去使用一个基于她的操作系统。
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-vs-Windows-XP-Pros-and-Cons-430084.shtml
+
+译者：[VizV](https://github.com/vizv) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

published/Ubuntu 14.04's System Settings received show／hide username option.md

@@ -10,13 +10,12 @@ Ubuntu 14.04 中系统设置中加入了显示/隐藏用户选项
 
 ![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/system%20settings%20show%20hide%20username.png)
 
-The entry is handy, for example, if you want to take a screenshot of your desktop with your username visible, you are to 1 click-away check the option, shortly after you can unclutter the Unity panel by disabling the option without requiring non-default applications.
-这个选项很方便,比如,你想要截一张带有你用户名的桌面截图,你只要单击选项, 不久之后你就可以通过禁用它来整理你的Unity面板而不必使用非默认的程序。
+这个选项很方便，比如，你想要截一张带有你用户名的桌面截图，你只要单击选项，不久之后你就可以通过禁用它来整理你的Unity面板而不必使用非默认的程序。
 
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 via: http://iloveubuntu.net/ubuntu-1404s-system-settings-received-showhide-username-option
 
-译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
 
 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

published/Ubuntu will beat Microsoft in the race to Unified OS.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Canonical通过Ubuntu的发行正在开发一种无需不同版本就能够在
 
 > 真正的移动/桌面的整合会发生在下一个重要的发布周期——不会出现在14.04的更新中，但它可能会出现在14.10或者15.04。我们相信我们可以在微软对移动端和桌面平台的整合之前发布，虽然在移动端和桌面平台的整合也是微软确立的在设计与开发两方面的目标。
 
-当问到像Android一样良好发展中的操作系统以及缓慢然而稳定发展的Windows是否会对Canonical的未来发展的雄心壮志产生威胁时，Shuttleworth回答道
+当问到像Android一样良好发展中的操作系统以及缓慢然而稳定发展的Windows是否会对Canonical的未来发展的雄心壮志产生威胁时，Shuttleworth回答道：
 
 > 我认为我们和Windows8的最大不同是，我们是基于Linux的，就像Android一样。这意味着为Android设计的web以及本地应用比起Windows将会对Ubuntu更加有好。很大部分的Android开发者使用着Ubuntu作为他们的操作系统，而且他们基本上在Ubuntu中开发这些应用，因此对他们来说，同时开发Ubuntu的应用将会变得十分方便。
 
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Shuttleworth也暗示Canonical将会改变Ubuntu的6个月的发布周期，并
 
 via: http://www.linuxfederation.com/ubuntu-will-beat-microsoft/
 
-译者：ThomazL(https://github.com/ThomazL) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+译者：ThomazL(https://github.com/ThomazL) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
 
 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
 

published/Unity Control Center arrived in Ubuntu 14.04 by default.md

@@ -13,11 +13,12 @@ Unity控制中心，除了它的名字外，与原来的系统设置一样保持
 ![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/unity%20control%20center%20ubuntu%2014.04%20default.png)
 
 根据开发者说法，复刻过程是为了保持基于GNOME的系统设置程序能够在Ubuntu 14.04 LTS上使用，而接下来的Ubuntu版本可能会使用基于Qt/QML的系统设置。
+
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 via: http://iloveubuntu.net/unity-control-center-arrived-ubuntu-1404-default
 
-译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
 
 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
 

published/Untangle Next Generation (NG) Firewall Is a Complete Linux Solution.md

@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
-Untangle Next Generation (NG) Firewall是一个纯Linux的解决方案
+一个纯Linux的防火墙解决方案：Untangle Next Generation (NG) Firewall
 ================================================================================
-**Untangle Next Generation (NG) Firewall 10.1是一个基于Linux的网关，带有模块化的网络应用，比如垃圾邮件过滤，网页过滤，防病毒，防间谍软件，防入侵，VPN，SSL VPN，以及防火墙。它已经发布并可以下载了。 **
+**Untangle Next Generation (NG) Firewall 10.1是一个基于Linux的网关，带有模块化的网络应用，比如垃圾邮件过滤，网页过滤，防病毒，防间谍软件，防入侵，VPN，SSL VPN，以及防火墙。它已经发布并可以下载了。**
 
 ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Untangle-Next-Generation-NG-Firewall-Is-a-Complete-Linux-Solution-425968-2.jpg)
 
-Untangle Next Generation (NG) Firewall曾经叫Ungangle网关，但是开发者们为了更好地展现它的功能，给它改了个名字。
+Untangle Next Generation (NG，下一代) Firewall曾经叫Ungangle网关，但是开发者们为了更好地展现它的功能，给它改了个名字。
 
 NG防火墙现在是许多应用的集合，根据开发者的介绍，它们会并发地侦测网络数据，极大地减少了单独应用的系统资源消耗。
 
-Untangle Next Generation (NG) Firewall的特性包括一个专用的过滤器，高级带宽管理功能，支持加密VPN连接，按组或者按用户来控制，以及许多的支持服务。
+NG防火墙的特性包括一个专用的过滤器、高级带宽管理功能、支持加密VPN连接、按组或者按用户来控制，以及许多的支持服务。
 
 ### Untangle Next Generation (NG) Firewall 10.1的亮点: ###
 
-- 用户不可以下载应用程序，整个下载系统都被移除了，所有的应用都预装在平台中。
+- 用户不能下载应用程序，整个下载系统都被移除了，所有的应用都预装在平台中。
 - 支持基本的VRRP设置，在有多个Untangle服务器的时候支持热/冷高可用性。
 - 网络过滤器现在在阻止https链接的时候会显示一个阻挡页面，即使没有使用专用的https检查器。
 - 改善了网络过滤器的https阻挡功能（不带https检查器），在Untanble最新的版本中，https流量会先通过SNI分类。默认情况下，这个分发会根据从https网站获取的证书以及根据证书的CN来建立会话来分类，这个过程更加精确。
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Untangle Next Generation (NG) Firewall的特性包括一个专用的过滤器，
 
 via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Untangle-Next-Generation-NG-Firewall-Is-a-Complete-Linux-Solution-425968.shtml
 
-译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
 
 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
 

sources/10 ssh options for a Secure shell for Safe Data Communication.md

@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+(translating by runningwater)
+10 ssh options for a Secure shell for Safe Data Communication
+================================================================================
+A system administrator may have managed more than 1 servers. Then those servers may located in different places. Visiting the servers one by one may not the best way to manage them. Then a remote method can be an effective way to manage them. One of the common aplication for remote activity is **SSH**.
+
+### What is SSH ###
+
+**SSH or Secure Shell** is a cryptographic network protocol. The data through this protocol will be encrypted to ensure that no one can read if the data leaked in the middle. To use SSH, the destination machine should have a SSH server application installed because **SSH is a client-server model**. SSH is usually used when you want to remote hosts in a secure way over the insecure network such as the Internet.
+
+### Installing SSH ###
+
+Modern Linux should have installed SSH by default. If its not, we can install it manually. The easiest way to install SSH is through your Linux package manager.
+
+### On Debian / Ubuntu Linux based : ###
+
+#### Install ssh-client ####
+
+    $ sudo apt-get install openssh-client
+
+#### Install ssh-server ####
+
+    $ sudo apt-get install openssh-server
+
+### On RedHat / CentOS Linux based : ###
+
+    # yum install openssh-server openssh-clients
+
+Once SSH is installed we can check it by typing **ssh** from your Linux console.
+
+![An ssh client](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/ssh_client.png)
+
+### Using SSH ###
+
+SSH provides a lot of options to be used. In this article we will cover some options that may useful in day-to-day operations.
+
+#### 1. Run SSH without no options ####
+
+A common way to use SSH is without any options. Just type “**ssh** ”. Here’s a sample :
+
+    $ ssh 192.168.0.103
+
+![SSH connecti confirmation](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/ssh_ask_connect.png)
+
+When the first time you connect to destination host, ssh will confirm you about the authenticity of the destination host. If you answer No****, then SSH will not continue while **if you said Yes**, SSH will continue.
+
+![Connecting to SSH](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/ssh_connect.png)
+
+The next time you login into the same host, SSH will not ask you a confirmation. The authenticity oft the host by default is saved under /home/user/.ssh folder in every user.
+
+#### 2. Specify a username for login ####
+
+By default, ssh will try to connect using active user as a username. On the previous command, ssh will try to login into the server using a username named pungki. This is because user pungki on the client side, is running ssh client.
+
+What about if in the destination host, there is no user named pungki? Then you must supply a username that exist in the destination host. To specify the username from the beginning, use -l option
+
+    $ ssh -l leni 192.168.0.103
+
+![Ssh using -l option](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/ssh_l.png)
+
+We can also type like this :
+
+    $ ssh leni@192.168.0.0103
+
+![Another way to supply username](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/ssh_l_2.png)
+
+#### 3. Specify the port ####
+
+**SSH default port is 22**. Most of modern Linux are open port 22. If you run ssh without defining a port, then ssh will direct the request via port 22.
+
+But some system administrator may changed the default SSH port. Let say that the port now is 1234. To contact that host, use **-p** option followed by SSH port.
+
+    $ ssh 192.168.0.103 -p 1234
+
+To change the port number, we need to modify the **/etc/ssh/ssh_config**.
+Find the line :
+
+    Port 22
+
+Change it into another port, for example above, is 1234. Then restart the SSH service.
+
+#### 4. Request compression on every data ####
+
+With this option, all data which sent and received via SSH will be compressed. The data still encrypted. To use compression with SSH, use **-C** option.
+
+    $ ssh -C 192.168.0.103
+
+This option will be useful if your connection is slow, such as using a modem. But when you are using a fast connection such as LAN or higher, than compression will be slow down your transfer rate.
+The level of compression can be controlled using **-o** option followed by **CompressionLevel** option. But this option will only applied for SSH-1.
+
+#### 5. Define a cipher algorithm ####
+
+SSH provides some cipher algorithms to be used. These algorithms can be seen inside **/etc/ssh/ssh_config or ~/.ssh/config file** (if exist).
+
+![SSH cipher configuration example](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/ssh_cipher.png)
+
+Let say you want to use **blowfish** algorithm for encrypting your SSH session. Then you can put this line into your **/etc/ssh/ssh_config or ~/.ssh/config** file :
+
+    Cipher blowfish
+
+By default, SSH will use 3des algorithm
+
+#### 6. Turn on debug mode ####
+
+For some reason, we may want to debug the SSH connection that we want to create. SSH provides **-v** option to do this.
+
+    $ ssh -v 192.168.0.103
+
+![debug ssh connection](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/ssh_v.png)
+
+#### 7. Bind source address ####
+
+If your client has more than 2 IP Address, you might not know which IP Address is used to create a connection to the SSH server.
+
+![More than 1 IP Address](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/ifconfig.png)
+
+To solve this situation, we can use -b option which will bind an IP Address to SSH connection. This IP Address will be used as the source address of the connection.
+
+    $ ssh -b 192.168.0.200 -l leni 192.168.0.103
+
+On the server side, we can check the established connection to the server using netstat. We see that 192.168.0.200 connection is established.
+
+![Bind address using SSH](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/ssh_bind.png)
+
+#### 8. Use other configuration file ####
+
+By default, ssh will use a ssh configuration file which located in **/etc/ssh/ssh_config**. This file is applied to system wide. If you want to apply particular setting to specific user, you should put it in **~/.ssh/config** file. If you don’t see it, you can create it.
+
+Here’s a sample of a custom **ssh_config**. This config is located in **/home/pungki directory**.
+
+    Host 192.168.0.*
+    ForwardX11 yes
+    PasswordAuthentication yes
+    ConnectTimeout 10
+    Ciphers aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc
+    Protocol 2
+    HashKnownHosts yes
+
+To use a specific config file, we can use **-F** option.
+
+    $ ssh -F /home/pungki/my_ssh_config 192.168.0.101
+
+![Specify your ssh_config](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/ssh_F.png)
+
+### 9. Use SSH X11 Forwarding ###
+
+For some reason, you may want to display a X11 application on the server into your client computer. SSH provides **-X** option to do this. But in order to enable this feature, we need some preparation. Here’s the settings
+
+On the server side, you need to enable line **ForwardX11 yes or X11Forward yes** in **/etc/ssh/ssh_config**. Then restart your SSH server.
+
+Then on the client side, type **ssh -X user@host** :
+
+    $ ssh -X leni@192.168.0.101
+
+Once you have logged on, you can check it by typing :
+
+    $ echo $DISPLAY
+
+You should see something like
+
+    localhost:10:0
+
+Then to run an application, just type the command of the application. Let say you want to run xclock application. Then type :
+
+    $ xclock
+
+![Use X11 Formading](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/ssh_Y.png)
+
+When it run, actually you are running the xclock application on the remote system, but display it on your local system.
+
+![xclock](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/xclock.png)
+
+#### 10. Trusted X11 Forwading ####
+
+If you pretty sure that your network is secure, then you may want to use **Trusted X11 Forwarding**. This mean that the remote X11 clients will have full access to the original X11 display. To use this option, we can use **-Y** option.
+
+    $ ssh -Y leni@192.168.0.101
+
+![SSH _Y for trusted connection](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/ssh_Y1.png)
+
+### Conclusion ###
+
+We believe that SSH is used in wide-range area. Security and flexibility is one of the SSH offer to the user. As usual we can always type **man ssh** and **man ssh_config** to display its manual pages and explore more detail.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/learn-ssh-connection-options/
+
+译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

sources/5 Best Themes For Ubuntu 13.10.md

@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-(翻译中 by runningwater)
-5 Best Themes For Ubuntu 13.10
-================================================================================
-![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Best_Themes_Ubuntu.jpeg)
-
-Not satisfied with the default Ambiance theme in Ubuntu? Why not use another theme to change the looks of your desktop by changing the themes? If you are not sure of what themes would be good for you, I have listed here the **best themes for Ubuntu 13.10**. Before we see the themes, a quick word on how to use these themes.
-
-### Installing themes in Ubuntu 13.10 ###
-
-There are two ways to use themes in Ubuntu, either you add it via a PPA or you download the file. If you download the theme file, extract it to **~/.themes** or **/user/share/themes** directory. If you add it via PPA, nothing special needed. 
-
-Next step is to use the installed themes. You can use Unity Tweak Tool to apply the installed themes. Refer to this article for a screenshot tutorial on [how to install themes in Ubuntu 13.10][1].
-
-### Best themes for Ubuntu 13.10 Unity: ###
-
-Most of the themes are divided in themes and icon set. I would advise to install both themes and icons from the same set to make it look more beautiful. Without further ado, lets see the list of best themes for Ubuntu 13.10:
-
-### Numix ###
-
-![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Numix_theme_Ubuntu.jpeg)
-
-[Numix][2] is certainly a beautiful theme. With flat and circle icons, it integrates perfectly in Unity environment. Use the following command in terminal to install Numix theme and icons set:
-
-    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:numix/ppa
-    sudo apt-get update
-    sudo apt-get install numix-gtk-theme numix-icon-theme numix-icon-theme-circle numix-wallpaper-saucy
-
-### Moka ###
-
-![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Moka_Theme_Ubuntu.jpeg)
-
-Beautiful, isn’t it? Use the following commands to install Moka GTK theme and icons set:
-
-    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:snwh/moka-gtk-theme-daily
-    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:snwh/moka-icon-theme-daily
-    sudo apt-get update
-    sudo apt-get install moka-gtk-theme moka-icon-theme moka-icon-theme-symbolic moka-icon-theme-extras
-
-### zonColor ###
-
-![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/zoncolor_theme_Ubuntu.jpeg)
-
-[zonColor][3] is a pack of several themes that varies between light to dark and various colors. It also has its own icons set. Use the following commands to install zonColor themes and icons set:
-
-    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes
-    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/icons
-    sudo apt-get update
-    sudo apt-get install zoncolor-themes zoncolor-icons
-
-### Nokto ###
-
-![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Nokto_Theme_ubuntu.jpeg)
-
-Nokto does not have its own icon set. Nevertheless its a beautiful dark theme. To install Natko theme, use the following commands:
-
-    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes
-    sudo apt-get update
-    sudo apt-get install nokto-theme
-
-### Flattastic ###
-
-![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Flattastic_theme.jpeg)
-
-Like Nokto, Flattastic too does not have its own icon set but you can use any flat icon set with it as it blends very well. Though its not available through PPA, you can install it by downloading the files from [here][4]. Once downloaded, extract the zipped file to /usr/share/themes directory. Later you can use Unity Tweak Tool to use the theme.
-
-And that ends the list of 5 best themes for Ubuntu 13.10. You may want to check similar article that lists the [best icon sets for Ubuntu][5]. What you think of these themes? Do you have a hot favorite theme apart from those mentioned here? Do share it with us.
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: http://itsfoss.com/best-themes-ubuntu-1310/
-
-译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
-
-[1]:http://itsfoss.com/how-to-install-themes-in-ubuntu-13-10/
-[2]:http://satya164.deviantart.com/art/Numix-GTK3-theme-360223962
-[3]:https://code.google.com/p/zoncolor/
-[4]:http://nale12.deviantart.com/art/Flattastic-13-01-2014-424913255
-[5]:http://itsfoss.com/best-icon-themes-ubuntu-1310/

sources/5 Linux Distributions that Deserve more Love.md

@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-crowner 吃睡睡吃
-5 Linux Distributions that Deserve more Love
-================================================================================
-![](http://www.linuxfederation.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/linux.jpg)
-
-As I wrote in my previous post, [Linux is Everywhere][1] and there are hundreds if not thousands of different distributions. Some are very famous, some boasts of their 10 million user base and then there are others who live in the shadow of famous distributions. Some distributions struggle to even gain a fraction of what big distributions enjoy and a few handful of distributions die every year. But today we are here to discuss about few distributions that being awesome still don’t get the love they deserve. It doesn’t matter if the distribution is original or forked or based on some other distribution, if it does the job, is stable enough for daily use and is not getting the love it deserves, it will be on the list.
-
-### 5. Rosa ###
-
-![](http://www.linuxfederation.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/o_bootscreen-von-rosa-desktop-2012.jpg)
-
-[ROSA Desktop][2], is a Linux distribution featuring a highly customized KDE desktop with a number of modifications designed to enhance the user-friendliness of the working environment developed by ROSA, a Russian company who also develops an “Enterprise Server” edition of ROSA which is based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux. This is one of the most customized distributions you can find on web with many in-house features like a completely redesigned login Screen, a tool named “TimeFrame” which allows you to easily monitor your activity at specified dates, heavily modified “Dolhpin” file manager, Rocket Bar, Simple Welcome, Rosa Media Player and many others.
-
-### 4. Korora ###
-
-![](http://www.linuxfederation.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/korora_3d_text_by_topazharley-d71surb.png)
-
-[Korora][3] was born out of a desire to make Linux easier for new users, while still being useful for experts. Originally based on Gentoo Linux in 2005, Korora was re-born in 2010 as a Fedora Remix with tweaks and extras to make the system “just work” out of the box. Korora is a mix of Fedora + RPM Fusion + Korora packages, where Korora provides the bleeding edge and stability of a Red Hat distribution, it effortlessly works out of the box. Many people complain about Fedora of being too vanilla but Fedora is designed that way, people who love Fedora but still want something that works out of box, Korora is for you.
-
-### 3. Chakra Linux ###
-
-![](http://www.linuxfederation.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/schermata2.png)
-
-If you are a KDE fan and you cannot wait for months to use the latest software then there’s a match for you made in heaven, they call it Chakra Linux which started as a Arch Linux fork but has turned into an independent distribution with its own repositories, packages, Kernel and half/rolling release cycle.
-
-[Chakra Linux][4] works mostly out of the box and has all the goodness of Arch Linux. Some may argue that why not use Arch Linux and then install KDE instead of using Chakra Linux. First the install process, no matter how hard everyone try to convince you how easy it is, it is not. An OS should be easy to use and even easier to install, not the other way around.
-
-Chakra Linux is one of the very few true KDE distributions available, so you can be assured that you will get the very best KDE experience while using Chakra Linux.
-
-### 2. Ubuntu Gnome ###
-
-![](http://www.linuxfederation.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/gnomeubuntu-vert-wh.png)
-
-Ubuntu might have been the centre of controversy for past few years, especially the decision to switch to Unity but I personally kind of like Unity. On other side it has always been so buggy on my Nvidia setup and I have seen people constantly complaining about weird Unity behaviour. There were other Semi-official flavours available but none of them really felt like a true Ubuntu experience until [Ubuntu Gnome][5] arrived.
-
-There is nothing much to write about this, Ubuntu Gnome is just Ubuntu with a Gnome Shell, I felt like it should make the list. Ubuntu has been the favourite distribution for a long time and because of few bad decisions Canonical made, the distribution should not suffer. I am happy to say that Ubuntu Gnome feels every bit of original Ubuntu while lacking the Canonical’s rude and forceful behaviour.
-
-### 1. Sabayon Linux ###
-
-![](http://www.linuxfederation.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sabayon_5.3.jpg)
-
-[Sabayon][6] Linux is a Gentoo-based distribution which follows the works-out-of-the-box philosophy and it does that without skipping a beat. It may sound a bit biased but Sabayon is one of the very few distributions that ‘actually’ works out of the box across a wide range of systems.
-
-Sabayon follows a no nonsense philosophy and everything works as it is supposed to, you don’t have to mess with the terminal to get things done, you don’t have to add ‘extra’ repositories to add the most obvious functionality, everything is there in one place, by the way you can do all those things if you want to but the point is you cannot force the user, if I want to use Arch Linux without banging my head with the terminal, I should be able to do that.
-
-Sabayon is a bleeding edge, fast and surprisingly stable distribution for which the credit goes to rock solid Gentoo core. It is very easy to use with your choice of DE, even easier to install, works out of the box, features a very simple and capable package manager, comes with most of the required applications and it can still be customized deep down like any other distribution.
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: http://www.linuxfederation.com/linux-distributions-love/
-
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
-
-[1]:http://www.linuxfederation.com/linux-everywhere/
-[2]:http://www.rosalab.com/products/desktop_fresh
-[3]:https://kororaproject.org/
-[4]:http://www.chakra-project.org/
-[5]:http://ubuntugnome.org/
-[6]:http://www.sabayon.org/

sources/9 Killer Tips To Speed Up Ubuntu 13.10.md

@@ -1,135 +0,0 @@
-9 Killer Tips To Speed Up Ubuntu 13.10
-================================================================================
-![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Speed_Up_Ubuntu_1310.jpg)
-
-Whether you have a fresh install of Ubuntu 13.10 or upgraded to it, you might have experienced that after using Ubuntu for some times, the system starts running slow. In this article we shall see several tweaks and **tips to make Ubuntu run faster**.
-
-Before we see how to improve overall system performance in Ubuntu 13.10, first lets ponder on why the system gets slower overtime. There could be several reasons for it. You may have a humble computer with basic configuration. You might have installed several applications which are eating up resources at boot time. Endless reasons in fact.
-
-Here I have listed several small tweaks that will help you speed up Ubuntu a little. There are some best practices as well which you can employ to get a smoother and improved system performance. You can choose to follow all or some of it. All of them adds up a little to give you a smoother, quicker and faster Ubuntu.
-
-### Tips to make Ubuntu 13.10 run faster: ###
-
-I have used these tweaks with Ubuntu 13.10 but I believe that the same can be used in older Ubuntu versions as well as other Linux distributions which are based on Ubuntu such as Linux Mint, Elementary OS Luna etc.
-
-Reduce the default grub load time:
-
-The grub gives you 10 seconds to change between dual boot OS or to go in recovery etc. To me, its too much. It also means you will have to sit beside your computer and press the enter key to boot in to Ubuntu as soon as possible. A little time taking, ain’t it? First trick would be to change this boot time. If you are more comfortable with a GUI tool, read this article to [change grub time and boot order with Grub Customizer][1].
-
-For the rest of us, you can simply use the following command to open grub configuration:
-
-    sudo gedit /etc/default/grub &
-
-And change **GRUB_TIMEOUT=10** to **GRUB_TIMEOUT=2**. This will change the boot time to 2 seconds. Prefer not to put 0 here as you will lost the privilege to change between OS and recovery options. Once you have changed the grub configuration, use the following command to make the change count:
-
-    sudo update-grub
-
-### Manage the start up applications: ###
-
-Overtime you tend to start installing applications. If you are a regular It’s FOSS reader, you might have installed many apps from [App of the week][2] series. Some of these apps are started at each start up and of course resources will be busy in running these applications. Result: a slow computer for a significant time duration at each boot. Go in Unity Dash and look for **Startup Applications**:
-
-![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Startup_Applications_Ubuntu.jpeg)
-
-In here, look at what applications are loaded at start up. Now think if you there are any applications which you don’t require to be started up every time you boot in to Ubuntu. Feel free to remove them:
-
-![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Startup_applications_ubuntu_1310.jpeg)
-
-But what if you don’t want to remove the applications from start up? For example if you installed one of the [best indicator applets for Ubuntu 13.10][3], you will want them to be started automatically at each boot. What you can do here is to delay some the start of some of the programs. This way you will free up the resource at boot time and your applications will be started automatically, after sometime. In the previous picture click on Edit and change the run command with a sleep option. For example if you want to delay the running of Dropbox indicator for lets say 20 seconds, you just need to **add a command** like this in the existing command:
-
-    sleep 10;
-
-So, the command ‘**dropbox start -i**‘ changes to ‘**sleep 20; drobox start -i**‘. Which means that now Drobox will start with a 20 seconds delay. You can change the start time of other start up applications in similar fashion.
-
-![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Edit_startup_applications_Ubuntu.jpeg)
-
-### Install preload to speed up application load time: ###
-
-Preload is a daemon that runs in background and analyzes user behavior and frequently run applications. Open a terminal and use the following command to install preload:
-
-    sudo apt-get install preload
-
-After installing it, restart your computer and forget about it. It will be working in background. [[Read more about preload][4]]
-
-### Choose the best mirror for software updates: ###
-
-It’s good to verify that you are using the best mirror to update the software. Ubuntu software repository are mirrored across the globe and it is quite advisable to use the one which is nearest to you. This will result in a quicker system update as it reduces the time to get the packages from the server.
-
-In **Software & Updates->Ubuntu Software tab->Download From** choose **Other** and there after click on **Select Best Server**:
-
-![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Ubuntu_software_Center_Mirror.jpeg)
-
-It will run a test and tell you which is the best mirror for you. Normally, the best mirror is already set but as I said, no harm in verifying it. Also, this may result in some delay in getting the updates if the nearest mirror where the repository is cached is not updated frequently. This is useful for people with relatively slower internet connection. You can also these tips to [speed up wifi speed in Ubuntu][5].
-
-### Use apt-fast instead of apt-get for a speedy update: ###
-
-apt-fast is a shellscript wrapper for “apt-get” that improves updated and package download speed by downloading packages from multiple connection simultaneously. If you frequently use terminal and apt-get to install and update the packages, you may want to give apt-fast a try. Install apt-fast via official PPA using the following commands:
-
-    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:apt-fast/stable
-    sudo apt-get update
-    sudo apt-get install apt-fast
-
-### Remove language related ign from apt-get update: ###
-
-Have you ever noticed the output of sudo apt-get update? There are three kind of lines in it, **hit**, **ign** and **get**. You can read their meaning [here][6]. If you look at IGN lines, you will find that most of them are related to language translation. If you use all the applications, packages in English, there is absolutely no need of a translation of package database from English to English.
-
-If you suppress this language related updates from apt-get, it will slightly increase the apt-get update speed. To do that, open the following file:
-
-    sudo gedit /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/00aptitude
-
-And add the following line at the end of this file:
-
-    Acquire::Languages "none";
-
-![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/ign_language-apt_get_update.jpeg)
-
-### Reduce overheating: ###
-
-Overheating is a common problem in computers these days. An overheated computer runs quite slow. It takes ages to open a program when your CPU fan is running like Usain Bolt. There are two tools which you can use to reduce overheating and thus get a better system performance in Ubuntu 13.10, TLP and CPUFREQ.
-
-To install and use TLP, use the following commands in a terminal:
-
-    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:linrunner/tlp
-    sudo apt-get update
-    sudo apt-get install tlp tlp-rdw
-    sudo tlp start
-
-You don’t need to do anything after installing TLP. It works in background. To install CPUFREQ indicator use the following command:
-
-    sudo apt-get install indicator-cpufreq
-
-Restart your computer and use the **Powersave** mode in it:
-
-![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/CPUFREQ-indicator.jpeg)
-
-### Tweak LibreOffice to make it faster: ###
-
-If you are a frequent user of office product, then you may want to tweak the default LibreOffice a bit to make it faster. You will be tweaking memory option here. Open LibreOffice and go to **Tools->Options**. In there, choose **Memory** from left side bar and enable **Systray Quickstarter** along with increasing memory allocation.
-
-![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/LibreOffice_Memory_option_1.jpeg)
-
-You can read more about [how to speed up LibreOffice][7] in detail.
-
-### Use lighter alternatives of different applications: ###
-
- This is more of a suggestion and liking. Some of the default or popular applications are resource heavy and may not be suitable for a low end computer. What you can do is to use some alternates to these applications. For example, use [AppGrid][8] instead of Ubuntu Software Center. Use [Gdebi][9] to install packages. Use AbiWord instead of LibreOffice Writer etc.
-
-That’s conclude the collection of tips to **make Ubuntu 13.10 faster**. I am sure these tips would provide overall a better system performance. Do you have some tricks up your sleeves as well to **speed up Ubuntu 13.10**? Did these tips helped you as well? Do share your views. Questions, suggestions are always welcomed. Feel free to drop to the comment section.
-
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: http://itsfoss.com/speed-up-ubuntu-1310/
-
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
-
-[1]:http://itsfoss.com/windows-default-os-dual-boot-ubuntu-1304-easy/
-[2]:http://itsfoss.com/tag/app-of-the-week/
-[3]:http://itsfoss.com/7-best-indicator-applets-for-ubuntu-13-10/
-[4]:http://itsfoss.com/improve-application-startup-speed-with-preload-in-ubuntu/
-[5]:http://itsfoss.com/speed-up-slow-wifi-connection-ubuntu/
-[6]:http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=231300
-[7]:http://itsfoss.com/speed-libre-office-simple-trick/
-[8]:http://itsfoss.com/app-grid-lighter-alternative-ubuntu-software-center/
-[9]:http://itsfoss.com/install-deb-files-easily-and-quickly-in-ubuntu-12-10-quick-tip/

sources/Because You Can--Windows 8 GTK Theme For Linux.md

@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-Because You Can: Windows 8 GTK Theme For Linux
-================================================================================
-The weather is pretty torrid here in my home town at present, but it will likely pale to the storm that this post will generate: yes, I’m writing about a Windows GTK theme. 
-
-![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/windows-8-gtk-theme.png)
-
-Now, confession time: I, personally, do not sit at my desk and think: “**What my Ubuntu desktop really needs…is to look like another OS!**”. But while I may not find aping the appearance of other systems to my own tastes, there are plenty of users – maybe even including you – who do.
-
-There’s nothing inherently wrong with this, either. It’s easy to have a fit of fanboy-ism and biased derision, but the flexibility afforded to tweakers, customisers and themers of Linux desktop environments is there to be taken advantage of, so I say ‘Why not?‘
-
-### Windows 8 Modern UI ###
-
-> ‘The aged Crayola-blue borders of Windows XP and the transparent excesses of Aero Glass are sorely dated.’
-
-As Windows is the most widely used desktop OS in the world – booing and hissing goes here – it’s no surprise that a mountain of GTK and Metacity themes mimicking its appearance are on offer.
-
-But the aged Crayola-blue borders of Windows XP and the transparent excesses of Aero Glass are dated. It’s now all about the colourful Modern UI.
-
-The flat, solid and angular stylings of the theme introduced in Windows 8 has helped give Microsoft’s desktop OS a fresher feel, while the [consistent use of design cues from its other products][1], like Windows Phone 8 and Xbox One, affords a small dose of familiarity to users.
-
-This particular Windows 8 GTK Theme comes closer than most to accurately matching the design language of its inspiration. Granted, I don’t use Windows 8 enough to know its theme inside-out. But superficiality matters most here, and on that score this theme succeeds.
-
-Flat themes are not the preserve of Microsoft, though. Themes like [Iris Light, which we shared recently][2], are picking up in popularity on Linux, too.
-
-### Download Windows 8 Theme for Linux ###
-
-Grab the theme files from GNOME-Look, pop them in your ‘/usr/share/theme‘ folder and then apply using an app like Unity Tweak.
-
-- [Windows 8 GTK Theme on GNOME-Look][3]
-- [Windows 8 Metacity Theme on GNOME-Look][4]
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/02/windows-8-metro-gtk-theme
-
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
-
-[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_(design_language)
-[2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/01/iris-flat-gtk-theme-for-linux
-[3]:http://gnome-look.org/content/show.php?content=158721
-[4]:http://gnome-look.org/content/show.php/Windows+8+modern+UI?content=157024

sources/Daily Ubuntu Tips – HPLIP 3.14.3 Released – Upgrade In Ubuntu.md

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+乌龙茶占坑
+Daily Ubuntu Tips – HPLIP 3.14.3 Released – Upgrade In Ubuntu
+================================================================================
+HP Linux Imaging and printing (HPLIP) is an open-source package sponsored by HP to deliver full feature HP printer drivers to the Linux community.
+
+Installing this package which come default in Ubuntu allows full HP printer support in Ubuntu and other Linux distributions for thousands of HP printers. Support for more printers is being added regularly, which currently stands at over [2,300 HP printers][1].
+
+This version, 3.14.3 adds support for even more printers, including support for HP DeskJet Ink Advantage 4640 e-All-in-One Printer series, HP LaserJet Pro MFP M126nw, support for Debian 6.0.9, 7.3, 7.4 and Fedora 20.
+
+Besides adding support for new printers and distributions, some outstanding issues were also fixed in this release. Some of the fixes are; functionality alignment issues with HP OfficeJet 6100, issue that prevented a second fax queue in interactive more, and a missing No’ 6 3/4 Envelop media size for HP OfficeJet 7619 Series.
+
+For more about this release, please check out its release page at [http://sourceforge.net/p/hplip/news/2014/03/hplip-3143-public-release-/][2]
+
+Below is a complete list of newly support HP printers:
+
+- HP DeskJet Ink Advantage 4640 e-All-in-One Printer series
+- HP DeskJet Ink Advantage 4645 e-All-in-One Printer
+- HP DeskJet Ink Advantage 4646 e-All-in-One Printer
+- HP DeskJet Ink Advantage 4648 e-All-in-One Printer
+- HP LaserJet Pro MFP M125a
+- HP LaserJet Pro MFP M125nw
+- HP LaserJet Pro MFP M125rnw
+- HP LaserJet Pro MFP M126a
+- HP LaserJet Pro MFP M126nw
+- HP LaserJet Pro MFP M127fp
+
+To install / upgrade to this version, press **Ctrl – Alt – T** on your keyboard to open the terminal. When it opens, run the commands below to download the package.
+
+    wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/hplip/hplip-3.14.3.run
+
+Next, run the commands below to run the installation.
+
+    sh hplip-3.14.3.run
+
+Follow the wizard to guide you when installing. It’s pretty simple. For a complete step-by-step guide on installing it, please check this post out.
+
+http://www.liberiangeek.net/2013/02/hp-linux-imaging-and-printer-hplip-version-3-13-2-releasedadds-support-for-more-printers/
+
+After installing, you may have to restart your machine.
+
+![](http://www.liberiangeek.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/hplipubuntu3143.png)
+
+Enjoy!
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2014/03/daily-ubuntu-tips-hplip-3-14-3-released-upgrade-in-ubuntu/
+
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[1]:http://hplipopensource.com/hplip-web/supported_devices/index.html
+[2]:http://sourceforge.net/p/hplip/news/2014/03/hplip-3143-public-release-/

sources/Easily Switch Audio Sources With Sound Switcher Indicator In Ubuntu.md

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-Easily Switch Audio Sources With Sound Switcher Indicator In Ubuntu
-================================================================================
-![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Sound_switcher_Indicator.jpeg)
-
-Sound Switcher Indicator is an applet indicator developed by [Dmitry Kann][1]. The purpose of the applet indicator is very simple, it lets you switch between different audio sources such as integrated speakers, headphone and HDMI in two mouse clicks.
-
-Big deal, you may say. After all its no rocket science. You can go to **System Settings-> Sound Settings** and can easily choose the input or output source you want. **Sound Switcher Indicator** does not do something new or something that Ubuntu does not provide, it just simplifies the whole process. This may be one of the reason why it may not be counted as one of the [best indicator applets for Ubuntu][2].
-
-How often do you need to change the audio source? For me, I have to change the audio source each time to [get sound through HDMI in external monitor][3]. And then I have to do it again after disconnecting the HDMI cable. This applet indicator comes handy for people like me who frequently switch between audio source and are lazy![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_razz.gif)
-
-### Install Sound Switcher Indicator in Ubuntu: ###
-
-Open a terminal and use the following commands to install Sound Switcher Indicator in Ubuntu:
-
-    sudo apt-add-repository ppa:yktooo/ppa
-    sudo apt-get update
-    sudo apt-get install indicator-sound-switcher
-
-#### Important note: ####
-
-Sound Switcher Indicator does not start automatically. To start it automatically, you’ll have to add it to **Startup Applications**. Open **Startup Applications** and click on **Add**. Here, give it a name, Sound Switcher for example and use “indicator-sound-switcher” (without quotes)  in **Command** section. Let me know if you have issues adding it to start up applications.
-
-What you think of Sound Switcher Indicator? Do small applets like these are beneficial for users? Do let us know of your views.
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: http://itsfoss.com/sound-switcher-indicator-ubuntu/
-
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
-
-[1]:http://yktoo.com/about
-[2]:http://itsfoss.com/7-best-indicator-applets-for-ubuntu-13-10/
-[3]:http://itsfoss.com/how-to-fix-no-sound-through-hdmi-in-external-monitor-in-ubuntu/

sources/Five of the Best Ubuntu 14.04 Wallpaper Contest Entries.md

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+Five of the Best Ubuntu 14.04 Wallpaper Contest Entries
+================================================================================
+**With less than one week to go until its deadline, the Ubuntu 14.04 wallpaper contest pool is overflowing with stunning submissions, all vying for a place on the default Ubuntu install image.**
+
+Ahead of the panel picking their favourites in early March I had a rummage through the entries myself.
+
+Whether or not any of the choices highlighted below are selected for inclusion in the Trusty Tahr is beside the point; these are some fantastic creative snaps that are worthy of a place on anyone’s desktop.
+
+### 1. boat2 ###
+
+![](http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3786/12591084605_eab070c898_c.jpg)
+
+boat2 by Christos Kyriazidis
+
+### 2. Frosty Sunrise ###
+
+![](http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5476/11416120446_00468648c1_c.jpg)
+
+Frosty Sunrise by Brian Fox
+
+### 3. IMGP8932 ###
+
+![](http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7439/11220682974_17279ce2cf_c.jpg)
+
+IMGP8832 by Eduardo Diez Viñuela
+
+### 4. Travel ###
+
+![](http://www.flickr.com/photos/goldenfox27/12735618625/)
+
+Travel by Goldenfox
+
+### 5. Kingfisher ###
+
+![](http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7329/12484570105_edc0f23381_c.jpg)
+
+Kingfisher by Gilberto Fotos
+
+### Best Cat Entry ###
+
+It’s a tradition of ours to also highlight a cat-themed submission. Why? Because cats are so dang cool, yo! Thankfully (yes, cos picking between cute moggies is always difficult) there was just one lone feline entry this year:
+
+![](http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3832/12508968534_8001f4e951_c.jpg)
+
+Red Cat by Hjalte Nielsen
+
+But who cares what we here at OMG! think – which entries from the pool are you hoping make it onto the default image?
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/02/ubuntu-14-04-wallpaper-picks
+
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[1]:
+[2]:
+[3]:
+[4]:
+[5]:
+[6]:
+[7]:
+[8]:
+[9]:
+[10]:
+[11]:
+[12]:

sources/Glances – An Advanced Real Time System Monitoring Tool for Linux.md

@@ -1,139 +0,0 @@
-Glances – An Advanced Real Time System Monitoring Tool for Linux
-================================================================================
-Earlier, we’ve written about many Linux [System Monitor Tools][1] that can be used to monitor performance of Linux systems, but we think that, most users prefer the default one that comes with every Linux distributions (**top** command).
-
-The [top command][2] is real time task manager in Linux and the most frequently used system monitoring tool in **GNU/Linux** distributions to find the performance related bottlenecks in system which help us to take corrective actions. It has a nice minimalist interface, comes with few amount of reasonable options that enables us to get a better idea about overall system performance quickly.
-
-However, sometimes its very tricky to find an application/process that consuming lots of system resources is a bit difficult under top. Because top command doesn’t have a ability to highlights programs that are eating too much of **CPU**, **RAM**, other resources.
-
-For keeping such approach, here we are bringing a powerful system monitor program called “**Glances**” that automatically highlights programs that are utilizing highest system resources and providing maximum of information about Linux/Unix server.
-
-### What is Glances? ###
-
-**Glances** is a cross-platform command-line curses-based system monitoring tool written in **Python** language which use the **psutil** library to grab informations from the system. With Glance, we can monitor **CPU, Load Average, Memory, Network Interfaces, Disk I/O, Processes** and **File System** spaces utilization.
-
-Glances is a free tool and licensed under **GPL** to monitory **GNU/Linux** and **FreeBSD** operating systems. There are lots of interesting options available in Glances as well. One of the main features we have seen in Glances is that we can set thresholds (**careful**, **warning** and **critical**) in configuration file and informations will be shown in colors which indicates the bottleneck in the system.
-
-### Glances Features ###
-
-- CPU Informations (user related applications, system core programs and idle programs.
-- Total memory Information including RAM, Swap, Free memory etc.
-- The average CPU load for the past 1min, 5mins and 15 mins.
-- Network Download/Upload rates of network connections.
-- Total number of processes, active ones, sleeping processes etc.
-- Disk I/O related (read or write) speed details
-- Currently mounted devices disk usages.
-- Top processes with their CPU/Memory usages, Names and location of application.
-- Shows the current date and time at bottom.
-- Highlights processes in Red that consumes highest system resources.
-
-Here is an example screen grab of Glances.
-
-![Glances View](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Glances-Monitoring.jpeg)
-
-### Installation of Glances in Linux/Unix Systems ###
-
-Although it’s a very young utility, you can install “**Glances**” in **Red Hat** based systems by turning on [EPEL repository][3] and then run the following command on the terminal.
-
-#### On RHEL/CentOS/Fedora ####
-
-    # yum install -y glances
-
-#### On Debian/Ubuntu/Linux Mint ####
-
-    $ sudo apt-add-repository ppa:arnaud-hartmann/glances-stable
-    $ sudo apt-get update
-    $ sudo apt-get install glances
-
-### Usage of Glances ###
-
-To start, issue the basic syntax on the terminal.
-
-    # glances
-
-![Glances Preview – Ubuntu 13.10](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Glances-Screen.jpeg)
-
-Press ‘**q**‘ or (‘**ESC**‘ or ‘**Ctrl&C**‘ also works) to quit from Glances terminal. Here, is the another screen grab taken from the **CentOS 6.5** system.
-
-![Glances Preview – CentOS 6.5](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Glances-Screen-Centos.jpeg)
-
-y default, interval time is set to ’**1**‘ second. But you can define the custom interval time while running glances from the terminal.
-
-    # glances -t 2
-
-### Glances Color Codes ###
-
-Meaning of Glances color code:
-
-- GREEN: OK (everything is fine)
-- BLUE: CAREFUL (need attention)
-- VIOLET: WARNING (alert)
-- RED: CRITICAL (critical)
-
-We can set thresholds in configuration file. By default thresholds set is (**careful=50, warning=7**0 and **critical=90**), we can customized as per our needs. The default configuration file is located at ‘**/etc/glances/glances.conf**’.
-
-### Glances Options ###
-
-Besides, several command line options, glances provides many more **hot keys** to find output information while glances is running. Below are the list of several hot keys.
-
-- a – Sort processes automatically
-- c – Sort processes by CPU%
-- m – Sort processes by MEM%
-- p – Sort processes by name
-- i – Sort processes by I/O rate
-- d – Show/hide disk I/O stats ols
-- f – Show/hide file system statshddtemp
-- n – Show/hide network stats
-- s – Show/hide sensors stats
-- y – Show/hide hddtemp stats
-- l – Show/hide logs
-- b – Bytes or bits for network I/Oools
-- w – Delete warning logs
-- x – Delete warning and critical logs
-- x – Delete warning and critical logs
-- 1 – Global CPU or per-CPU stats
-- h – Show/hide this help screen
-- t – View network I/O as combination
-- u – View cumulative network I/O
-- q – Quit (Esc and Ctrl-C also work)
-
-### Use Glances on Remote Systems ###
-
-With the Glances, you can even monitor remote systems too. To use ‘**glances**‘ on remote systems, run the ‘**glances -s**‘ (-s enables server/client mode) command on the server.
-
-    # glances -s
-
-    Define the password for the Glances server
-    Password: 
-    Password (confirm): 
-    Glances server is running on 0.0.0.0:61209
-
-**Note** : Once, you issue ‘**glances**‘ command, it will prompt you to define the password for the Glances server. Define the password and hit enter, you see glances running on port **61209**.
-
-Now, go to the remote host and execute the following command to connect to a Glances server by specifying IP address or hostname as shown below. Here ‘**172.16.27.56**‘ is my glances server IP Address.
-
-    # glances -c -P 172.16.27.56
-
-Below are few notable points that user must know while using glances in server/client mode.
-
-    * In server mode, you can set the bind address -B ADDRESS and listening TCP port -p PORT.
-    * In client mode, you can set the TCP port of the server -p PORT.
-    * Default binding address is 0.0.0.0, but it listens on all network interfaces at port 61209.
-    * In server/client mode, limits are set by the server side.
-    * You can also define a password to access to the server -P password.
-
-### Conclusion ###
-
-**Glances** is a much resources friendly tool for most users. But if you’re a system administrator who’d like to quickly get overall “idea” about systems by just glancing at command line, then this tool will be must have tool for system administrators.
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: http://www.tecmint.com/glances-an-advanced-real-time-system-monitoring-tool-for-linux/
-
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
-
-[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/command-line-tools-to-monitor-linux-performance/
-[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/12-top-command-examples-in-linux/
-[3]:http://www.tecmint.com/how-to-enable-epel-repository-for-rhel-centos-6-5/

sources/Google embraces open source for 10th year of Summer of Code.md

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+Google embraces open source for 10th year of Summer of Code
+================================================================================
+For many, open source is believed to be the future. If you aren't familiar, in basic terms, open source is software that is accompanied by free to distribute source code. By having the source code, users can see the guts of the program they are using. This is in contrast to closed source software, like most of Microsoft's, where the code is hidden to retain intellectual property and make a profit.
+
+![](http://betanews.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/open-source-300x270.jpeg)
+
+Neither school of thought is wrong -- you can't fault a company for trying to make money by going closed source. Bill Gates would not have become the richest man in the world if Microsoft's software portfolio was open. However, not everyone lives for money. Open source allows even the poorest people to potentially access quality software at no charge. Today, Google announces it is looking for college students to work on open source projects for its 10th year of Summer of Code.
+
+What exactly is Summer of Code? Google gives the following description:
+
+> Google Summer of Code is a global program that offers post-secondary student developers ages 18 and older stipends to write code for various open source software projects. We have worked with open source, free software, and technology-related groups to identify and fund projects over a three month period. Since its inception in 2005, the program has brought together over 7,500 successful student participants and over 7,000 mentors from over 100 countries worldwide to produce over 50 million lines of code. Through Google Summer of Code, accepted student applicants are paired with a mentor or mentors from the participating projects, thus gaining exposure to real-world software development scenarios and the opportunity for employment in areas related to their academic pursuits. In turn, the participating projects are able to more easily identify and bring in new developers. Best of all, more source code is created and released for the use and benefit of all.
+
+"If you're a university student looking to earn real-world experience this summer, we hope you’ll consider coding for a cool open source project with Google Summer of Code. We're celebrating the 10th year of the program in 2014, and we’d love to see more student applicants than ever before. In 2013 we accepted almost 1,200 students and we’re planning to accept 10 percent more this year", [says][1] Carol Smith, Google Open Source team.
+
+Smith further says, "you can submit proposals on our website starting now through Friday, March 21 at 12:00pm PDT. Get started by reviewing the ideas pages of the 190 open source projects in this year's program, and decide which projects you're interested in. There are a limited number of spots, and writing a great project proposal is essential to being selected to the program -- so be sure to check out the [Student Manual][2] for advice".
+
+Google has been using Linux in both Android and Chromebooks, so it is nice to see the search-giant giving back to the open source community. This gives college students an opportunity to make a name for themselves by creating or working on an epic piece of open source software. Even if the software doesn't light the world on fire, at least they tried and learned something.
+
+Are you a college student? Will you sign up? Tell me in the comments.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://betanews.com/2014/03/10/google-embraces-open-source-for-10th-year-of-summer-of-code/
+
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[1]:http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2014/03/get-with-program-open-source-coding.html
+[2]:http://en.flossmanuals.net/GSoCStudentGuide/

sources/How To Block A Website In Ubuntu.md

@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-乌龙茶占坑
-How To Block A Website In Ubuntu
-================================================================================
-![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/block-websites.jpg)
-
-Dear **ubuntu** geeks,
-
-In this tutorial I will teach you how to block unwanted websites in Ubuntu Linux by editing the **/etc/hosts** file which is used to handle DNS and internet on Linux based systems.
-
-I like very much this method because I don’t need to rely on third party applications and it is extremely easy to use. All you need to do is to make a simple change in the **/etc/hosts** file.
-
-Make sure to have superuser access on the machine you are using this method, because the **/etc/hosts** file is owned by the root user and so it cannot not be edited by everyone.
-
-What do you need to edit the **/etc/hosts** file?
-
-root permissions and a text editor.
-
-For this tutorial I will use my favourite text editor, vim. Ok guys, open a new terminal (**CTRL+ALT+T**) and run the following command to open the /etc/hosts file for editing.
-
-    vim /etc/hosts
-
-Then add the following line.
-
-    127.0.0.1   domain.com
-
-Replace the domain.com with the website you want to block and after you have finished the editing process, save the file and quit.
-
-Now it is time to test if the method has worked or not. Try to access the website you blocked.
-
-My cousin is addicted to the facebook social network so every time he find my laptop, he opens it and goes to facebook.com to chat with his friends.
-
-What should I do?
-
-I edit the **/etc/hosts** file and act like the website he is trying to reach is down.
-
-You can also use this method to protect kids from adult content on the internet such as porn and horror movies.
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: http://www.unixmen.com/block-website-ubuntu/
-
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

sources/How to Wipe Free Disk Space in Linux.md

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-How to Wipe Free Disk Space in Linux
-================================================================================
-![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/How-to-Wipe-Free-Disk-Space-in-Linux-429965-2.jpg)
-
-**The following tutorial will teach all Linux users how to securely wipe the free space of a hard disk drive (HDD), solid disk drive (SSD) or USB flash drive, making it impossible for anyone to recover deleted files. **
-
-In case you didn’t know, when you delete a file from your system, even from Trash, it will disappear and can’t be found anywhere on the filesystem. However, that file is not actually gone, it resides in the free space of your disk drive and can still be recovered with data recovery applications.
-
-For this tutorial we will provide two methods. The first one uses an application called Wipe Free Space, created by Polish developer Bogdan Drozdowski. In the second method we will use the well known BleachBit software.
-
-While BleachBit is a graphical application, the Wipe Free Space is a command-line software. However, the developer also created an easy-to-use graphical user interface (GUI), allowing novice users to employ it in order to securely wipe the free space of their disk drives.
-
-> Editor's note: Before we proceed, it is important to know that the applications will wipe the free space in unused clusters and blocks, in partially used blocks a.k.a. “slack space," as well as the names of deleted files and any other data that can be used to undelete the respective files.
-
-### Method 1 - Wipe Free Space & Wipe Free Space GUI ###
-
-The Wipe Free Space command-line application can be easily installed from the default software repositories of your Linux distribution, by using the provided binary file for RPM-based Linux distribution or by compiling the sources.
-
-After installation, you can download the GUI front-end from [here][1], save it on your home folder, extract it, and double click the run.sh file (or execute sh run.sh in a terminal window) to open the application.
-
-With the application opened, you will need to add the path to the wipefreespace executable, so click the "Browse" button and search it under /usr/bin/. Then add the filesystem that will be wiped.
-
-Make sure that you check the "Wipe only with zeros" option on the left side of the window. If you need to add more options, first document yourself on how to use them, because they may crash your drive. Now press the "Start wiping" button to proceed.
-
-### Method 2 - BleachBit ###
-
-This is the easy method, recommended for novice users. You can easily install the BleachBit application from your Linux distribution's default software repositories. Open it, and make sure that you check the "Free disk space" option under the System section on the sidebar. Press the "Clean" button to proceed.
-
-![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/How-to-Wipe-Free-Disk-Space-in-Linux-429965-3.jpg)
-
-*The Free disk space option of BleachBit*
-
-The entire wiping operation will take a long time. You can see the entire progress in the main window. Do not hesitate to drop a comment below if you encounter any issues with this tutorial.
-
-Wipe Free Space GUI 0.5 Download:
-
-- [Wipe Free Space GUI 0.5 tar.gz][2][binary] [210 KB]
-- [Wipe Free Space GUI 0.5 tar.gz][3][sources] [380 KB]
-
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/How-to-Wipe-Free-Disk-Space-in-Linux-429965.shtml
-
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
-
-[1]:http://linux.softpedia.com/get/System/System-Administration/Wipe-Free-Space-GUI-50722.shtml
-[2]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/wipefreespace/files/wipefreespace-gui-java/0.5/WipeFreeSpaceGUI-java-bin-0.5.tar.gz/download
-[3]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/wipefreespace/files/wipefreespace-gui-java/0.5/WipeFreeSpaceGUI-java-src-0.5.tar.gz/download

sources/How to enable 32-bit support for 64-bit Ubuntu 13.10 or greater.md

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+How to enable 32-bit support for 64-bit Ubuntu 13.10 or greater
+================================================================================
+Most of you who use Ubuntu/Debian based distributions prefer the 64-bit mode, right? That’s because 64-bit architecture utilizes the full capabilities of your hardware. It enables you to use applications with intensive memory requirements and actually use them without having to wait for an hour after every little thing you do. Now, there are merits to 32-bit mode, most notably the fact that there are not many incompatibility problems with it. Every time Java did an update there was confusion as most users didn’t have the required libraries. In the past, some other early applications and drivers simply did not have 64-bit versions.
+
+So let’s say you do have a 64-bit mode architecture and you use applications who have the proper support: Drivers, 64-bit versions and everything you need. No problem then, right? There comes a moment though when you have to use 32-bit applications in your 64-bit system. What then? That’s when you read this article and follow it to the letter. If you don’t have Ubuntu/Debian based distributions 13.10 or greater you used to have to install a meta-package called ia32-libs. Now this package has been deprecated so you have to do it manually.
+
+The following commands work for Ubuntu/Debian based distributions 13.10 or greater.
+
+1st Step: Verifying you have 64-bit kernel architecture.
+
+You open the terminal and type:
+
+    dpkg --print-architecture
+
+You‘ll see something like:
+
+    amd64
+
+That means you’re okay.
+
+2nd Step: Verifying you have multi-arch support enabled. (Multi-arch support allows you to use 32-bit libraries alongside 64-bit libraries.)
+
+Type:
+
+    dpkg --print-foreign-architectures
+
+The output is:
+
+    i386
+
+If you don’t have multi-arch support you have to enable it.
+
+Alternative 2nd Step: Enabling multi-arch support.
+
+Type:
+
+    sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
+
+    sudo apt -get update
+
+It starts downloading the update and running it.
+
+After that you type:
+
+    sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
+
+It will check if there are newer libraries of the packages you already have.
+
+If there are, it will ask you if you want to update (y/n).
+
+After that you’re done. You have successfully installed 32-bit support for your 64-bit system.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://www.unixmen.com/enable-32-bit-support-64-bit-ubuntu-13-10-greater/
+
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

sources/Linux Foundation Gains New Cloud, Open Hardware and Gaming Members.md

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-Linux Foundation Gains New Cloud, Open Hardware and Gaming Members
-================================================================================
-> Cloudius Systems, HSA Foundation and Valve have become the newest members of the Linux Foundation, bringing strengths in the open source cloud, open-standard hardware and gaming.
-
-Cloud computing, open-standard hardware and gaming: These are all areas in which the [Linux Foundation][1] has recently forged important new connections, announcing the addition of [Cloudius Systems][2], [HSA Foundation][3] and [Valve Software][4] as the newest members of the organization. Together, these collaborations highlight the continuing dynamism of the open source world, and provide hints into where it is headed next.
-
-The Linux Foundation, a non-profit consortium that promotes the interests of [Linux][6] and related open source projects, detailed the signing-on of these three companies in an [announcement][5] that highlighted the particular strengths they stand to contribute to the open source ecosystem.
-
-First, Cloudius Systems will help to advance the open source cloud. Its major product is [OSv][7], a sleek operating system that the company recently introduced and designed specifically for the cloud. Interestingly, OSv—which runs as a guest virtual machine on top of the open source [KVM][8] and [Xen][9] hypervisors—could be considered a competitor with Linux, which forms the basis for many other cloud-oriented virtualization platforms. But Cloudious's entry into the Linux Foundation is a sign that the future of the open cloud is about more than Linux itself, and that open source innovators recognize that the Linux kernel, which was built for desktops and servers, can only go so far in the cloud.
-
-Meanwhile, the non-profit HSA Foundation aims to advance open hardware standards—a key interest for open source developers whether they focus on desktops, servers, the cloud or mobile. Lack of hardware compatibility due to proprietary, undocumented standards has been a thorn in Linux's side from day one, and investing in collaboration to help overcome that barrier is in the interest of virtually everyone within the open source ecosystem.
-
-Last but not least, Valve, which develops the popular [Steam][10] platform for cloud-based games and other content, injects the Linux world with new energy in the gaming realm, an area that has traditionally been very unwelcoming to Linux users. Valve could be on the forefront of a major shift in open source entertainment that will use the power of the cloud to bring Linux into the mainstream fold—while also promoting Linux as the basis for specialized gaming hardware such as Valve's [Steam Machines][11], home gaming devices that run on Linux.
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: http://thevarguy.com/open-source-application-software-companies/linux-foundation-gains-new-cloud-open-hardware-and-gaming
-
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
-
-[1]:http://linuxfoundation.org/
-[2]:http://www.cloudius-systems.com/
-[3]:http://hsafoundation.com/
-[4]:http://www.valvesoftware.com/
-[5]:http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/announcements/2013/12/cloudius-systems-hsa-foundation-and-valve-join-linux-foundation
-[6]:http://kernel.org/
-[7]:https://github.com/cloudius-systems/osv
-[8]:http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/Main_Page
-[9]:http://www.xenproject.org/
-[10]:http://store.steampowered.com/
-[11]:http://store.steampowered.com/livingroom/SteamMachines/

sources/Meet uGet, an Amazing Download Manager for Linux.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Meet uGet, an Amazing Download Manager for Linux
+================================================================================
+![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Meet-uGet-an-Amazing-Download-Manager-for-Linux-430085-3.jpg)
+
+Great download managers are not a common occurrence on the Linux platform, but there are a few that have amazing features and uGet is one of them.
+
+When people thing about download managers on the Linux platform, they usually imagine something in a terminal. For the most part they are right. There are a lot of download managers that work in a terminal and are very good at what they are doing, but sometime you just need a friendly GUI on top.
+
+[uGet][1] is a very powerful download manager that has some many features it’s actually difficult to count them all. The interface is built in GTK+3, which means that it will look great on most Linux operating systems.
+
+It also comes with a download queue, the possibility to resume downloads (if the server supports it), clipboard monitor, support for HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, BitTorrent, and Metalink, batch downloads, FTP login, scheduler, Aria2 plugin, and my personal favorite, multiple segments (allow the client to connect multiple time to the same server and get multiple segments at the same time, increasing the speed).
+
+To top it all off, it can be easily integrated into Firefox, with the help of the Flashgot add-on, and has a dedicated extension for Chrome.
+
+The developers provide multiple packages for all the imaginable type of Linux distributions, and you have to keep in mind that it’s completely free.
+
+Enjoy!
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Meet-uGet-an-Amazing-Download-Manager-for-Linux-430085.shtml
+
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[1]:http://ugetdm.com/

sources/Oracle adds DTrace debugger to its Linux distribution.md

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-Oracle adds DTrace debugger to its Linux distribution
-================================================================================
-> Oracle Linux administrators can finally take advantage of the powerful DTrace debugging tool that was first designed for Solaris
-
-IDG News Service - Oracle has fully integrated the long-awaited Linux DTrace debugging tool into the latest release of its Linux distribution, potentially allowing administrators and developers to pinpoint the cause of thorny performance issues with more accuracy.
-
-[Oracle Linux][1] 6.5 also includes an updated kernel and support for Linux Containers, allowing a single kernel to power multiple Linux virtual machines on a server.
-
-Much like the CentOS distribution, Oracle Linux is largely a copy of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), version 6.5 of which Red Hat released last month. Oracle does include in the package its own kernel -- the core of an OS -- customized for security enhancements, as well as some additional administrative tools. Both the Oracle and Red Hat editions are targeted to enterprise use. (The volunteer-driven CentOS 6.5 distribution [was also recently released][2].)
-
-For the first time, Oracle's customized kernel, Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 3, is installed as the default kernel for the distribution -- the stock RHEL kernel is also included in the package as an alternative. As a result, Oracle Linux now supports the DTrace dynamic tracing framework out of the box, though it still needs to be downloaded separately. Oracle Linux 6.4 [offered][3] users a way to download and install DTrace, though it required changes to the kernel.
-
-Originally developed by Sun Microsystems, which was acquired by Oracle in 2010, DTrace can help developers debug, or trace, problems that occur on a system. Known for its thoroughness in documenting system behavior, the software was originally designed for Sun's Solaris Unix distribution, and administrators have long agitated for a version [to run][4] on Linux as well.
-
-DTrace allows administrators and developers "to get insight into the operating system and understand what is consuming resources," said Markus Flierl, Oracle's Solaris vice president of engineering. The software can not only investigate problems with the OS, but also identify potential problems with applications and the networking stack as well.
-
-"If your customer is complaining that something is running slow, you can go in and see if there is a problem that is happening in your operating system, or if it is in your I/O stack. You will get a full top-to-bottom view, a single pane of glass to see what is happening," Flierl said. Having DTrace on board a server will also allow other Oracle debugging tools, such as those found in the Oracle 12c database, to use the DTrace instrumentations as well, he said.
-
-With the introduction of Linux Containers in Linux Oracle 6.5, users now have another option for virtualizing workloads. In this approach, the server's kernel can drive any number of virtual Linux machines, with each one completely isolated from the others. The Linux Control Groups management software assures that each container is allotted a select amount of memory, CPU and disk I/O resources. Oracle also provides templates for quickly setting up containers.
-
-Other updates in the Oracle Linux package support the latest technologies in InfiniBand networking, file systems, processors and solid state disks.
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9244564/Oracle_adds_DTrace_debugger_to_its_Linux_distribution?taxonomyId=122
-
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
-
-[1]:http://www.oracle.com/us/technologies/linux/overview/index.html
-[2]:http://lists.centos.org/pipermail/centos-announce/2013-December/020032.html
-[3]:http://www.infoworld.com/d/application-development/oracle-ports-dtrace-oracle-linux-213759
-[4]:http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2059311/whats-an-alternative-for-dtrace-on-linux

sources/Play the Best Linux Puzzle Games.md

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+zpl1025 translating
 Play the Best Linux Puzzle Games
 ================================================================================
 Linux has a prodigious library of free games many of which are released under an open source license. A large proportion of these open source games are eye catching. Popular games often have full motion video, vector graphics, 3D graphics, realistic 3D rendering, animation, texturing, a physics engine, and much more. Early computer games did not have these graphic techniques. The earliest video games were text games or text-based games that used text characters rather than vector or bitmapped graphics.
@@ -86,4 +87,4 @@ via: http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201084806845/PuzzleGames.html
 [27]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20100808120210293/JAG.html
 [28]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/2010080812021597/AtomicWorm.html
 [29]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20090815144506601/Pioneers.html
-[30]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20080517164445969/FishFillets.html
+[30]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20080517164445969/FishFillets.html

sources/Should Canonical Drop the Current Background Theme for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-Should Canonical Drop the Current Background Theme for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS?
-================================================================================
-![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Should-Canonical-Drop-the-Curent-Background-Theme-for-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-420737-2.jpg)
-
-Ubuntu has been sporting the same kind of background for years, but the upcoming Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Trusty Tahr) could be the perfect time for a change of scenery.
-
-The Ubuntu design team always aimed as keeping the background simple and familiar. As a rule of thumb, you need to make sure that people recognize the operating system at a glance, just by looking at the colors of the desktop.
-
-The last major change in this direction was at the launch of Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (Lucid Lynx). After Lucid Lynx, the backgrounds have been evolving, from one version to another, in small increments.
-
-Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Trusty Tahr) might be the time to shake things up a bit. Canonical is also preparing a face lift for the icons and Unity7. What better moment to make Ubuntu 14.04 LTS stand apart from all the ones that came before it?
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Should-Canonical-Drop-the-Curent-Background-Theme-for-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-420737.shtml
-
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

sources/Solving HIPPA, HITECH, SSAE16 Server Compliance Issues with Next Generation Datacenters.md

@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-Solving HIPPA, HITECH, SSAE16 Server Compliance Issues with Next Generation Datacenters
-================================================================================
-![](http://www.atlantic.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/next-generation-datacenter.jpg)
-
-HIPPA stands for Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, and HITECH stands for Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act. Both acts have to do with how health records and data are handled. SSAE16 is similar. It’s an accounting standard created by the Auditing Standards Board (ASB) of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). The parameters of all three have enormous implications both for healthcare and for web hosting. Dedicated server and managed hosting services that use next generation datacenters must ensure that they can meet the requirements as outlined in the compliance requirements of each one of them.
-
-### The Basics ###
-
-It is important to ensure that you are using a datacenter that will comply with the standards of HIPAA, HITECH and SSAE16. When discussing your needs with a datacenter, such as Atlantic.net, you should confirm that the datacenters conform to the standard contingency plan; data backup plan; disaster recovery plan; emergency mode operation plan; testing and revision procedures and applications; and data criticality analysis. Data servers have their own compliance requirements when it comes to managing your data, and you need to ensure that their performance standards can match up with your compliance requirements.
-
-Achieving SSAE16 Type II Certification to ensure that SSAE16 will not present a problem for the server in the current time or immediate future is important. If you are in healthcare, you are probably familiar with the increasing demand for server and datacenter compliance. The new generation of data centers has helped to pave the way for many healthcare IT companies that needed to find a rock solid solution for their businesses’ hosting solution needs.
-
-HIPAA was designed to provide better access to health insurance, reduce the occurrence of fraud and abuse, and lower the cost of obtaining health care in the USA. HITECH further reinforces the HIPAA regulations and provides some additional rules for you to follow. The data center you choose should help make the transition to become a fully compliant business, at least through your online presence. This may raise a few eyebrows and some people are even a bit nervous about whether or not their business can meet the demand in time for compliance testing. With the proper structure completed ahead of time, the hard part is done; all you need to do is plug into the tools and features we have available for you to use.
-
-### What Does Compliance Involve? ###
-
-Being HIPPA, SSAE16 and HITECH compliant means going the extra mile in server colocation, delivering dedicated servers, managed server hosting, and compliance through a credible datacenter. A datacenter must be reliable, with certified and trained staff who know how to handle customer problems and inquiries.
-
-Being HIPPA, HITECH and SSAE16 compliant is vital in today’s environment, and everyone is fully aware of the legal boundaries in which healthcare organizations must operate. More efficient cooling procedures ensure that the compliance sequences are followed without a possibility for failure.
-
-Dynamic allocation of resources where they are needed helps solve many resource issues. Additionally, the resources are used in the coolest parts of the datacenter, meaning more efficient use of the resources as well.
-
-Optimizing application performance is one of the main advancements that next generation datacenters do incredibly well. These next generation datacenters that have been brought into operation have data security as one of their incredible strong points.
-
-The new healthcare reform mandates implement even tighter security with HITECH, and service providers has vested large amounts in these regulations. Ample controls and checks/balances to help the patients and healthcare providers will be ensured for obvious reasons. The government understands that companies need to be encouraged to take things to the next level, and as a result, there are tax incentives to deploy EMR/EHR (Electronic Medical Records and Electronic Health Records).
-
-Using cloud servers, you are able to scale up and scale out according to what your business needs. Even more so, quality datacenters can keep your healthcare organization safe! Using virtualization, companies have dedicated themselves to the continued success of your business. This means they have left no stone unturned to bring you an unprecedented level of services from which you can choose.
-
-Being [HIPAA compliant][1] is partly the job of the hosting company and partly yours as well. They provide you with the services – the datacenter, the managed hosting and the tech support to ensure you have what you need to bring your healthcare business to the compliance level. They can only offer you the services that are required by the HIPAA, HITECH and SSAE16 regulations. They need your help to make sure both parties are up to speed in the quest to keep your business in complete compliance.
-
-Cloud computing is a really big part of next generation datacenters. Virtualization technology has made it possible for everyone to have their resources delivered at the most optimum moment through more efficient handling of server resources. If you are new to cloud computing, you should know that this technology in no way endangers your ability to stay HIPAA, HITECH and SSAE16 compliant. Cloud computing is simply the new way of handling server requests and scaling additional resources up and out.
-
-Have you ever stopped to consider what would happen if you were tagged with a violation of the HIPAA, HITECH or [SSAE16 compliance][2] standards? It would be a catastrophic blow to your business that would land you in court! Additionally, the people affected by the violation could possibly sue for damages. Quality web hosting services are now structured around ensuring that everything in the facility is certified to the new standards of operation.
-
-Being in business for over 15 years, since 1994, has given us a chance to really perfect the art of hosting, server virtualization, data security, compliance, and the ability to provide a carrier-neutral datacenter.
-
-### Conclusions ###
-
-Atlantic.Net and other serious hosting companies have been a step ahead of the compliance standards from day one. Business expertise has allowed us to keep the healthcare IT businesses that we already have under our wing and ahead of the flames. We can help your business stay in line with these compliance standards as well.
-
-All in all, server compliance issues won’t be much of a big deal once you realize what they are all about. The compliance issues would generally arise from a datacenter not having sufficient hardware or software to accommodate regulatory compliance; or the customer themselves may not be able to get the business into a state of compliance. Either way, a next generation datacenter must be able to offer the services in demand to meet the compliance requirements in order to be compliant with the regulations themselves.
-
-By [Brett Haines][3]
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: http://www.atlantic.net/blog/2013/12/04/solving-hippa-hitech-ssae16-server-compliance-issues-generation-datacenters/
-
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
-
-[1]:http://www.atlantic.net/hipaa-compliant-hosting/
-[2]:http://www.atlantic.net/ssae-16-type-2-compliant/
-[3]:https://plus.google.com/u/0/100137311390909550920?rel=author

sources/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS vs. Windows XP--Pros and Cons.md

@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-Ubuntu 14.04 LTS vs. Windows XP: Pros and Cons
-================================================================================
-![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-vs-Windows-XP-Pros-and-Cons-430084-2.jpg)
-
-**More and more people are looking towards the release of Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Trusty Tahr) as the natural Windows XP replacement, so we'll try to present the pros and cons for this decision.**
-
-A lot of Windows XP users are looking to make a change after their operating system will cease to receive security updates from Microsoft, in April. Like most people who are migrating to Linux, they have a lot of questions about various aspects, regarding its use and its capabilities. The truth is that probably Windows XP users are more scared than they should be, as we will show right now.
-
-### Installation ###
-
-If you ever installed a Windows operating system, you will know how to install Ubuntu or any of its flavors. It uses a very simple and straightforward installer that doesn't bother the users with difficult choices.
-
-The only drawback is that if you want to partition your system you might encounter some names that are not familiar, like swap or EXT4. The good news is that it’s unlikely that you will ever need multiple partitions.
-
-![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-vs-Windows-XP-Pros-and-Cons-430084-3.jpg)
-
-*Ubuntu installation*
-
-### Drivers ###
-
-Windows users also need to install drivers for new components, like Webcams for example. Some are supported by the operating system, other need manual installation.
-
-The only driver that you will have to worry in Ubuntu is the one for the graphics card. It’s not quite clear from where you can change it at first and installing a newer one might take some adjusting. The good news is the when you will learn how to add a PPA or how to upgrade your packages, everything will seem a breeze.
-
-![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-vs-Windows-XP-Pros-and-Cons-430084-4.jpg)
-
-*Install proprietary drivers*
-
-### Main interface ###
-
-Ubuntu is somewhat different from Windows XP in terms of the general interface. Although it’s intuitive, some users might not want to invest the time to learn how to operate a new OS.
-
-The good news is that Ubuntu has a lot of flavors that are a lot more similar with the way Windows XP looks, like Xubuntu or Lubuntu. Both are based on Ubuntu and feature pretty much the same software.
-
-![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-vs-Windows-XP-Pros-and-Cons-430084-5.jpg)
-
-*Main Ubuntu desktop*
-
-### Applications and security ###
-
-Installing applications in Windows XP seem easy, right? Double click on a package, hit next a couple of time (agree to an EULA agreement you don't actually read), and everything is set.
-
-In Ubuntu things are a lot easier. Just open Ubuntu Software Center and search for the application you want. Click install and you're done.
-
-Installing applications in Windows XP could be very dangerous, especially after Microsoft will pull the plug and end the stream of security patches. On Ubuntu you will never get viruses or malware, and the number of viruses for the Linux platform is extremely small. Whenever a problem appears, it only takes the developers a short while to fix it.
-
-The only drawback on Ubuntu is that you might not find all the applications you were used to on Windows XP. Most of the bigger apps are cross-platform, but on Ubuntu you might need to search for alternatives.
-
-![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-vs-Windows-XP-Pros-and-Cons-430084-6.jpg)
-
-*Installing applications in Ubuntu Software Center*
-
-### Gaming ###
-
-Windows XP might seem a better platform for gaming, but the truth is that most game developers will soon stop to make their software compatible with a dying OS. Valve is putting a lot of effort towards the Linux platform and they are pushing the gaming industry in this direction.
-
-Steam for Linux got more than 500 games in just one year and there is no sign that they are going to slow down. In the next couple of years, the Linux platform will surely be on par with any Windows OS. Adopting Ubuntu now and getting used to it, if you are a gamer, might a great idea.
-
-![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-vs-Windows-XP-Pros-and-Cons-430084-7.jpg)
-
-*Portal 2 in Linux*
-
-### Conclusion ###
-
-If you are a Windows XP user and you have doubts about adopting Linux and Ubuntu, you might want to think twice about your decision to upgrade to Windows 7 or 8. Linux has it all and there is no good reason not to want an operating system based on it.
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-vs-Windows-XP-Pros-and-Cons-430084.shtml
-
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

sources/Ubuntu GNOME 14.04 Wallpaper Contest Kicks Off.md

@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-Ubuntu GNOME 14.04 Wallpaper Contest Kicks Off
-================================================================================
-![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/gnome_example.jpg)
-
-**Macro lenses at the ready: Ubuntu GNOME is on the hunt for a new set of community-contributed wallpapers to feature in its forthcoming release.**
-
-Ubuntu GNOME 14.04, due in mid-April, wants to look as good as it possibly can. And to do that it needs your help to ensure it ships with a swish selection of wallpapers and backgrounds.
-
-Interested? Here’s what you need to g-know.
-
-### Wallpaper Contest Rules ###
-
-Entry is open to everyone, but you’ll need to be a keen photographer or eager illustrator to take part as the Ubuntu GNOME design team are only looking to include original work.
-
-The full [submission guidelines][1] are straightforward. In summary they seek to ensure that entries:
-
-- Don’t include brand names, logos or trademarks
-- Don’t use violent, religious or explicit imagery
-- Are simple in composition with a single point of focus
-- Are designed with the GNOME Shell UI in mind
-
-It should go without saying: only submit work to which you own the full copyright, and try to aim for a minimum size of **2560 x 1600** (pixels).
-
-Deadline for all entries is February 27. After this date the Ubuntu GNOME design team will pick their favourites. The precise number of winning wallpapers will be based on the amount and overall quality of entries.
-
-Like the regular Ubuntu wallpaper competition, Ubuntu GNOME are accepting submissions on Flickr.
-
-- [Ubuntu GNOME Wallpaper Contest on Flickr][2]
-
-For those without (or unwilling to sign up for) a Yahoo! account entries can also be made via the [Ubuntu GNOME Wiki][3] (which requires an Ubuntu One account).
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/01/ubuntu-gnome-14-04-wallpaper-contest
-
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
-
-[1]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuGNOME/Artwork/Trusty/CommunityWallpapers
-[2]:http://www.flickr.com/groups/2484760@N20/
-[3]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuGNOME/Artwork/Trusty/CommunityWallpapers/Submissions

sources/What is good video editing software on Linux.md

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+What is good video editing software on Linux?
+================================================================================
+A video editor allows you to handle various post-production video editing jobs which typically involve arranging, cutting, pasting, trimming, and otherwise enhancing (e.g., adding effects to) video clips through the timeline interface. In modern video editing software, things like multi-codec import/transcoding, non-linear video editing, or even HD video support are pretty much standard nowadays.
+
+In this post, I am going to show **11 popular video editing software available on Linux**. I will not cover subjective merits such as usability or interface design, but instead highlight notable features of each video editor. If you have tried any particular video editor listed here, feel free to share your experience or opinion.
+
+### 1. Avidemux ###
+
+![](http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7452/12867967445_9848544802_z.jpg)
+
+- License: GNU GPL
+- Cross-platform (Linux, BSD, MacOS X, Windows)
+- Supports both GUI and command-line modes
+- Support for JavaScript (thanks to SpiderMonky JavaScript engine)
+- Built-in subtitle processing
+- Official website: [http://fixounet.free.fr/avidemux][1]
+
+### 2. Blender ###
+
+![](http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2038/12960698134_74c974064c_z.jpg)
+
+- License: GNU GPL v3+
+- Cross-platform (Linux, BSD, MacOS X, Windows)
+- Specialized in creating 3D modeling and animation
+- Support for image/video compositing
+- Video/audio effects and transitions
+- Official website: [http://www.blender.org][2]
+
+### 3. Cinelerra-CV ###
+
+![](http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2867/12867966335_9dd6032d43_z.jpg)
+
+- License: GNU GPL
+- Community edition of Cinelerra video editor
+- Support for video compositing
+- Drag and drop files from file manager
+- OpenGL-driven GPU acceleration for video playback
+- Video/audio effects and transitions
+- Direct capture from camcorders
+- Cross-platform (Linux and Windows)
+- Official website: [http://cinelerra.org][3]
+
+### 4. Flowblade ###
+
+![](http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7384/12868043903_55798d69dc_z.jpg)
+
+- License: GNU GPL v3
+- Support for multiple file types based on FFmpeg
+- Drag and drop files from file manager
+- Support for video and image compositing
+- Image and audio effects
+- Automatic clip placement on the timeline
+- Official website: [https://code.google.com/p/flowblade/][4]
+
+### 5. Jahshaka ###
+
+![](http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3675/12867967135_465d74cbd0_z.jpg)
+
+- License: GNU GPL
+- Cross-platform (Linux, MacOS X, Windows)
+- Support for 2D/3D animation effects and video composting
+- Support for collaborative editing (e.g., editing server and centralized database)
+- Media/asset management
+- GPU based effects
+- Official website: [http://www.jahshaka.com][5]
+
+### 6. Kdenlive ###
+
+![](http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2828/12868395504_828564d3d4_z.jpg)
+
+- License: GNU GPL v2+
+- Video editor for the KDE desktop
+- Support for multiple file types based on FFmpeg
+- Video/audio effects and transitions
+- Ability ot mix video, audio and still images from different sources
+- Video capture from cameras, webcams, Video4Linux devices or X11 screen
+- Export to Internet video sharing sites such as YouTube, Dailymotion or Vimeo
+- Official website: [http://www.kdenlive.org][6]
+
+### 7. Lightworks ###
+
+![](http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7437/12868546774_368f267995_z.jpg)
+
+- License: Freemium
+- Cross-platform (Linux, BSD, MacOS X, Windows)
+- Multi-language support
+- GPU-accelerated real-time video effects and composting
+- Official website: [http://www.lwks.com][7]
+
+### 8.LiVES ###
+
+![](http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7370/12868043753_ea9aaf4a97_z.jpg)
+
+- License: GNU GPL
+- Cross-platform (Linux, BSD, MacOS X, Solaris)
+- Multi video formats via mplayer
+- Extendable video/audio effects via plugins
+- Support for remote control via OSC protocol
+- Video capture from FireWire cameras and TV cards
+- Lossless backup and crash recovery
+- Support for clip import from YouTube
+- Official website: [http://lives.sourceforge.net][8]
+
+### 9. OpenShot ###
+
+![](http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3674/12868395634_f33d7545b8_z.jpg)
+
+- License: GNU GPL v3
+- Support for multiple file types based on FFmpeg
+- Drag and drop files from file manager
+- Support for 2D titles (thanks to Inkscape) and 3D-animated titles (thanks to Blender)
+- Digital zooming
+- Animated video transition with preview
+- Support for video compositing and watermark images
+- Scrolling eding credits or texts
+- Official website: [http://www.openshot.org][9]
+
+### 10. Pitivi ###
+
+![](http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7399/12868396354_d9796a378c_z.jpg)
+
+- License: GNU LGPL
+- Video import, conversion and rendering powered by GStreamer Editing Service
+- Video/audio effects and transitions
+- Support for keyframes and video compositing
+- Detachable UI
+- Multi-language support (thanks to GNOME integration)
+- Official website: [http://www.pitivi.org][10]
+
+### 11. Shotcut ###
+
+![](http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3671/12867967295_7b3e5671ce_z.jpg)
+
+- License: GNU GPL
+- Cross-platform (Linux, MacOS X, Windows)
+- Support for multiple file types based on FFmpeg
+- Customizable UI via dockable panels
+- Multi-format timeline (e.g., with different resolutions and frame rates)
+- Video capture from webcam, HDMI, IP streams and X11 screen
+- Drag and drop files from file manager
+- GPU-assisted image processing with OpenGL
+- Official website: [http://www.shotcut.org][11]
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/03/good-video-editing-software-linux.html
+
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[1]:http://fixounet.free.fr/avidemux/
+[2]:http://www.blender.org/
+[3]:http://cinelerra.org/
+[4]:https://code.google.com/p/flowblade/
+[5]:http://www.jahshaka.com/
+[6]:http://www.kdenlive.org/
+[7]:http://www.lwks.com/
+[8]:http://lives.sourceforge.net/
+[9]:http://www.openshot.org/
+[10]:http://www.pitivi.org/
+[11]:http://www.shotcut.org/

sources/Windows 7 & 8 Complete Transformation Pack Out for Ubuntu, Debian 8, and Arch Linux.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+Windows 7 & 8 Complete Transformation Pack Out for Ubuntu, Debian 8, and Arch Linux
+================================================================================
+**A new version of Windows 7/8 Transformation Pack for LXDE has been made available by its developer, bringing the much needed Arch Linux support.**
+
+![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Windows-7-8-Complete-Transformation-Pack-Out-for-Ubuntu-Debian-8-and-Arch-Linux-431448-2.jpg)
+
+Like it or not, there are a lot of people out there that really want to change their operating system so that it looks like Windows 7 or Windows 8. A developer made a transformation pack that aims to satisfy these users and to provide an experience as close as possible to the actual Windows OS.
+
+The Windows 7/8 Transformation Pack for LXDE has been out for some time, but it only got some major traction in the past few months. It's also true that it's not exactly the easiest package to install, especially because it comes with a number of very specific dependencies: LXPanel, LXSession (at least version 0.4.9 for icons, gtk theme and cursor), PCManFM, Compton, Openbox, SliM, gtk2-engines-murrine, and gtk2-engines-pixbuf.
+
+So far, the transformation pack works on Debian (Jessie) and Ubuntu. You won't be able to just install it in Ubuntu and you will have to get the LXDE package from the official repositories. Strangely enough, Lubuntu is not supported by this pack.
+
+More information about the Windows 7/8 Transformation Pack can be found on the official [website][1].
+
+Download WinAte 1.3:
+
+- [WinAte 1.3 tar.gz][2][sources] [31 MB]
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Windows-7-8-Complete-Transformation-Pack-Out-for-Ubuntu-Debian-8-and-Arch-Linux-431448.shtml
+
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[1]:http://nhermosilla14.deviantart.com/art/WinAte-Windows-7-8-Transformation-Pack-for-LXDE-430156546
+[2]:https://github.com/nhermosilla14/WinAte/archive/1.3.tar.gz

sources/Xperience UI Concept Could Be the Most Beautiful Linux Desktop.md

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+Xperience UI Concept Could Be the Most Beautiful Linux Desktop
+================================================================================
+![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Xperience-UI-Concept-Could-Be-the-Most-Beautiful-Linux-Desktop-430087-2.jpg)
+
+**The Xperience UI is a proof of concept developed for a Nitrux built OS, and if it will ever be brought to fruition, it will probably be one of the most beautiful desktops around.**
+
+Most Linux desktop can be easily recognized by the members of the community and even if some people manage to get the operating system to look interesting, the Nitrux Xperience UI concept is absolutely gorgeous.
+
+Nitrux developers are mostly known for the icon packs and for a few other endeavors, but the quality of this desktop surpasses almost everything that we can find today.
+
+It reminds a little of elementary OS, but at the same time it features a very serious and distinctive look. It’s hard to see of the details, but the notification area, the lockscreen, and the dashbroad are to die for.
+
+The concept seems to be oriented towards touch screens, but it would also do wonders on a desktop system. We can only hope that one of the upcoming distros that are supposed to be in development under the Nitrux wing will actually look like this.
+
+Even if it will never make it (although we have high hopes that it will), this is proof that Linux designs is head and shoulders above all other operating systems out there.
+
+![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Xperience-UI-Concept-Could-Be-the-Most-Beautiful-Linux-Desktop-430087-3.jpg)
+
+Desktop
+
+![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Xperience-UI-Concept-Could-Be-the-Most-Beautiful-Linux-Desktop-430087-4.jpg)
+
+Mini-Dash Apps
+
+![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Xperience-UI-Concept-Could-Be-the-Most-Beautiful-Linux-Desktop-430087-5.jpg)
+
+Mini-Dash - Notifications
+
+![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Xperience-UI-Concept-Could-Be-the-Most-Beautiful-Linux-Desktop-430087-6.jpg)
+
+Mini-Dash - Recent Documents
+
+![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Xperience-UI-Concept-Could-Be-the-Most-Beautiful-Linux-Desktop-430087-7.jpg)
+
+Mini-Dash - Quick Settings
+
+![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Xperience-UI-Concept-Could-Be-the-Most-Beautiful-Linux-Desktop-430087-8.jpg)
+
+Mini-Dash - Shutdown
+
+![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Xperience-UI-Concept-Could-Be-the-Most-Beautiful-Linux-Desktop-430087-9.jpg)
+
+Dashboard
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Xperience-UI-Concept-Could-Be-the-Most-Beautiful-Linux-Desktop-430087.shtml
+
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

sources/news/Linux Kernel News - January and February 2014.md

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+Linux Kernel News - January and February 2014
+================================================================================
+I am reporting the Linux project activity for the past two months in this article. Blame it on me being heads down to get some development work done. Without further ado, let's get started on catching up.
+
+### Mainline Release (Linus's tree) News ###
+
+Linux 3.13 was released on Sunday January 19th 2014. Please read [What is in Linux 3.13][1]. 3.14-rc5 was released on March 2 2014. Based on the rc release progress so far, it is looking very likely that the Linux 3.14 release will be out before the end of March 2014. Summary of selected git pull requests for 3.14 that made it into 3.14-rc1 are:
+
+### turbostat updates from Len Brown:  ###
+
+> A new command line option -s to dump counters
+> 
+> Enhancement to run on Haswell Xeon [HSX]. HSX has a slightly different RAPL support than client HSW, which prevented the previous version of turbostat from running on HSX.
+
+### ARM SoC fixes from Olof Johansson: ###
+
+> Enable new drivers in the defconfigs for platforms that have such devices
+> 
+> Increase coverage of the multi-platform defconfig and some DTS changes that plumbs up some of the devices that now have bindings and driver support.
+
+### ARM64 patches from Catalin Marinas: ###
+
+> Introduction of PTE_WRITE to distinguish between writable but clean and truly read-only pages
+
+### ACPI and power management updates from Rafael Wysocki: ###
+
+> ACPI core changes to make it create a struct acpi_device object for every device represented in the ACPI tables during all namespace scans regardless of the current status of that device. This change prevents, ACPI hot-plug operations from erroneously deleting those objects, unless the underlying ACPI tables go away.
+> 
+> A new tool for suspend/resume performance optimization from Todd E Brandt
+> 
+> Init code change to move up early ACPI initialization which should allow the kernel to use ACPI during the time-keeping initialization and possibly simplify the EFI initialization as well - From Chun-Yi Lee
+> 
+> apm-emulation: add hibernation APM events to support suspend2disk - Enhancement to improve hibernation on embedded systems that use hibernation for fast boot. With this change, software components will be notified with APM events to get ready for hibernation and restore the state afterwards. Capturing the apm status about these pm events is necessary help use fast boot while maintaining system state for hibernation and restore. This change adds apm support for suspend to disk.
+
+### Thermal management updates from Zhang Rui: ###
+
+> Representing hardware thermal properties in device tree infrastructure This work includes the introduction of a device tree bindings for describing the hardware thermal behavior and limits, a parser to read and interpret the data, and build thermal zones and thermal binding parameters. In addition to that three drivers (TI SoC thermal and two hwmon drivers) are converted to use the new representation on sensor devices to serve as an initial validation for the API. This is the first step towards completing the work to identify and convert drivers to use the proposed API and validate it.
+
+### Links to 3.14-rcs ###
+
+- [Linux 3.14-rc1 is out][2]
+- [Linux 3.14-rc2][3]
+- [Linux 3.14-rc3][4]
+- [Linux 3.14-rc4][5]
+- [Linux 3.14-rc5][6]
+
+### Stable release News ###
+
+Jiri Slaby is taking over the longterm maintenance of the 3.12 stable tree. Greg KH will continue to do the final release to kernel.org. Jiri Slaby is responsible for collecting patches, sending out release candidate announcements. Please read the details [3.12-stable kernel tree being taken over by Jiri Slaby][7]. As of this writing the latest stable releases are as follows: 
+
+### Latest Stable and Extended releases ###
+
+#### Release	Version	Projected EOL ####
+Stable 3.13	3.13.6	Not announced
+Stable 3.12	3.12.14	Not announced
+Stable 3.11	3.11.10	EOL November 29 2013
+Longterm 3.10	3.10.33	September 2015
+Longterm 3.4	3.4.82	October 2014
+Longterm 3.2	3.2.55	2016
+Longterm 3.0	3.0.101	EOL October 22 2013
+Longterm 2.6.34	2.6.34.15 	EOL February 10 2014
+Longterm 2.6.32	2.6.32.61 	mid-2014
+Extended stable 3.11.y.z	3.11.10.6	[Extended Stable][8]
+Extended stable 3.8.y.z	3.8.13.19	[Extended Stable][9]
+Extended stable 3.5.y.z	3.5.7.31	[Extended Stable][10]
+
+If you ever wondered how these stable releases are managed and how often a new release comes out, here is more detail: [Active kernel releases][11]
+
+### Linux RT ###
+
+Linux RT stable releases_ are numerous. Please checkout linux-stable-rt.git for their latest versions.
+
+### Where can you find all git trees for Linux releases? ###
+
+#### Linux Release	Git ####
+
+Mainline	git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git
+Stable releases (all)	git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-stable.git
+Linux RT releases	git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rt/linux-stable-rt.git
+Extended stable releases	git://kernel.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/linux.git
+Bleeding edge linux-next	git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/next/linux-next.git
+
+### Final Thoughts ###
+
+TCP Fast Open in 3.13 makes establishing a TCP connection much faster by elimination of one round time trip from certain kinds of TCP conversation, which can improve the load speed of web pages.
+
+ARM changes are significant in 3.14-rc1 merge. Several new devices can now be enabled and increased coverage of the multi-platform defconfig and some DTS changes that plumbs up some of the devices that now have bindings and driver support. Multi-platform configurations coupled with DTS changes help support on multiple platforms with the a common driver code as opposed to requiring device tree device enumeration and special handling for platform to platform variations in how devices are enumerated. This is good news for ARM evolution as it is beginning to add support for PCI devices.
+
+Enhancement to improve hibernation on embedded systems that use hibernation for fast boot is good for mobile and embedded space. Who would want their mobiles coming out of hibernation behaving weird?
+
+In Linux 3.14-rc5 announcement, Linus Torvalds said "Another week, another rc. Things were fairly calm, and fairly normal.". Based on that, barring any last minutes nasty surprises, Linux 3.14 should come out in the next 2-3 weeks. After that as usual the next merge window will open for 3.15-rc1.
+
+If anybody is wondering, what is changing with Jiri Slaby taking over the longterm maintenance of 3.12, please rest assured that it will be maintained the same way it is done today. Jiri Slaby will collect patches and send out release candidates. I volunteered to keep testing the 3.12 release candidates, and Guenter Roeck has volunteered to keep running his build tests on the patch queue for 3.12. Greg KH will do the final release to kernel.org. 
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/linux-kernel-news-january-and-february-2014
+
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[1]:http://kernelnewbies.org/LinuxChanges
+[2]:https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/2/2/176
+[3]:https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/2/9/372
+[4]:https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/2/16/120
+[5]:https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/2/23/234
+[6]:https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/3/2/257
+[7]:https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/2/26/596
+[8]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Dev/ExtendedStable
+[9]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Dev/ExtendedStable
+[10]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Dev/ExtendedStable
+[11]:https://www.kernel.org/category/releases.html

sources/news/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+这里放新闻类文章，要求时效性

sources/news/Ubuntu Touch Email Client Mockup Design Looks Fantastic.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Ubuntu Touch Email Client Mockup Design Looks Fantastic
+================================================================================
+One of the most anticipated applications for Ubuntu Touch is by far the email app, and heavy battles are being fought on that front. Now, a designer proposed a look for the new app and shared a mockup on Google+.
+
+![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-Touch-Email-Client-Mockup-Design-Looks-Fantastic-432758-2.jpg)
+
+All the users of Ubuntu Touch are waiting for the email client that will inevitably arrive sometime in the near future, but now it's also easier to picture it because [Andrea Del Sarto][1] published a mockup that looks fabulous.
+
+Users have limited experience when it comes to email clients, and everything we know about how an email app should look and work is taken from Blackberry, Android, or iOS. The Ubuntu developers have a difficult road ahead of them because they are starting from scratch and they must somehow make the Ubuntu experience feel different from what everyone else is making.
+
+The mockup is a good start and, to be fair, this actually looks a lot better than anything that has already been accomplished on other platforms. The work for the design is just starting, but from what we have seen so far the Ubuntu email client will look great and it will fully use the best feature of Ubuntu Touch, the bottom edge.
+
+![Ubuntu Touch Email Client Mockup Design](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-Touch-Email-Client-Mockup-Design-Looks-Fantastic-432758-3.jpg)
+Ubuntu Touch Email Client Mockup Design
+
+![Ubuntu Touch Email Client Mockup Design](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-Touch-Email-Client-Mockup-Design-Looks-Fantastic-432758-4.jpg)
+Ubuntu Touch Email Client Mockup Design
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-Touch-Email-Client-Mockup-Design-Looks-Fantastic-432758.shtml
+
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[1]:https://plus.google.com/u/0/+AndreaDelSarto88/posts/75vU5XoNDjA

sources/talk/Finally--Ubuntu 14.04 Will Include ‘Minimise On Click’ Option for Unity Launcher.md

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+Finally: Ubuntu 14.04 Will Include ‘Minimise On Click’ Option for Unity Launcher
+================================================================================
+**Well this is unexpected: [after years][1] of refusing to budge on the issue, Canonical will, finally, offer up an option for ‘minimise on click’ behaviour on the Unity Launcher.**
+
+![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/screen-shot-2012-05-05-at-22.08.46.jpg)
+
+The long-sought feature allows app windows to be minimised by clicking its respective icon in the Unity Launcher, and restore it on subsequent click. Despite the demand for such an option, Canonical had previously rejected several community patches that would’ve added it sooner.
+
+Its arrival is the latest in a string of out standing user experience issues to be patched up ahead of the Ubuntu 14.04 LTS release, joining a newly unified lockscreen, support for locally-integrated menus and the reintroduction of borderless app windows.
+
+### Coming, But In What Form? ###
+
+[Confirming the news][2] on the bug report requesting the feature, Ubuntu developer Chris Townsend gave further details on what to expect:
+
+> We are going to put in as an unsupported option to allow clicking the Launcher icon of single windowed apps and minimize that window.  By unsupported, I mean that functionality is “as-is” and no more tweaks or enhancements to it.
+
+It’s currently unclear how or where the option will surface in the main UI (or if it ever will) it is unlikely to be put anywhere where Joe User can accidentally activate it.The current code points to it being available through the Unity plugin pane of the Compiz Config Settings Manager.
+
+The feature will also only work on applications when they have a single window open.  Clicking on an app icon with more than once window open will continue to open the App Spread, the standard Unity behaviour. 
+
+Good news? It certainly will be to a large chunk of you. [In a poll we ran last month][3] almost 58% of you said you thought minimize on click should be added to Unity.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/03/minimize-click-launcher-option-ubuntu-14-04
+
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[1]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/ayatana-design/+bug/733349
+[2]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/ayatana-design/+bug/733349/comments/403
+[3]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/02/poll-unity-bring-back-minimize-click-feature

sources/talk/Mir Display Server May Not Arrive on Desktops As Default Until 2016.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+Mir Display Server May Not Arrive on Desktops As Default Until 2016
+================================================================================
+**Ubuntu’s next generation display server Mir, developed by Canonical as a flexible alternative to Wayland and XServer, could be facing another delay on its way to the desktop. **
+
+![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/mir2.jpg)
+
+The technology was initially positioned as a candidate for shipping by default on the desktop later this year but, [in a video address][1] to developers, Mark Shuttleworth has now intimated that Mir may not find its way on to the Ubuntu desktop until the release of Ubuntu 16.04 LTS — in 2016. 
+
+Responding to a question asking when users could expect to find it available on PCs, Shuttleworth replied:
+
+> “I expect Mir to be the display server  [to be default] as soon as it’s rock solid and we have a story we’re really proud of on it. You can run it on your desktop [now], but we don’t want to let a love of technology interfere with our mission to be great for the user. This is a great place for us to set the bar very high in terms of performance…where we have freedom to get it right, without having to worry too much about compatibility.
+> 
+> By 16.04 it’ll be the default display server…That’s the kind of timeline we’re looking at.”
+
+### Mir Oh Mir ###
+
+It’s not immediately clear what impact, if any, such a delay would mean for Unity 8, scheduled to arrive on desktops this October.
+
+Similarly, it’s also not clear from his words whether the ‘by 16.04′ references a pure Mir experience or something akin to the Mir + Xmir hybrid proposed for Ubuntu 13.10. Either way a slip in timeframe is a hazard of any development process. Display servers are not easy technologies to build, particularly when designing one to span all manner of screen sizes and form factors.
+
+This delay, if as assured as some news outlets are reporting it as being, won’t be the first to scupper Canonical’s plans. Ubuntu [originally intended to land a Mir Hybrid  in Ubuntu 13.10][2], but technical flaws prevented that from happened. Its inclusion in the upcoming release of 14.04 LTS [was also ruled][3] out early on. 
+
+### Mir As It Is ###
+
+As disappointing as the above may read Mir is continuing to evolve at breakneck pace. In fact, while it won’t be default, it will be possible to install a Mir session in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, bundled with an in-progress version of the Unity 8 desktop. It’s also rocking out as the default on Ubuntu Touch for both phones and tablets.
+
+But on the desktop it looks like things may take a little longer. Unlike on phones and tablets, where Ubuntu is able to make use of Android device drivers [via Hybris][4], there are currently no proprietary AMD, Intel or Nvidia desktop graphics drivers supporting Mir. Upstream support in open-source drivers remain patchy at best, with Canonical [being forced][5] to carry patches to enable functionality.
+
+**The more time Canonical has to refine, iterate and improve on the technology in its desktop form, the better the end user experience of it will be.**
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/03/mir-default-display-server-ubuntu-2016
+
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[1]:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dWTVe5Mdv0Y&feature=share&t=29m19s
+[2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/10/xmir-longer-default-supported-cards-13-10
+[3]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/11/expect-ubuntu-14-04-lts
+[4]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybris_(software)
+[5]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/09/intel-remove-xmir-support-in-xorg-video-driver

sources/talk/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+这里放评论类文章，要求可读性

sources/tech/Linux or Unix--chroot Command Examples.md

@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+Linux / Unix: chroot Command Examples
+================================================================================
+I am a new Linux and Unix user. How do I change the root directory of a command? How do I change the root directory of a process such as web-server using a chroot command to isolate file system? How do I use a chroot to recover password or fix the damaged Linux/Unix based environment?
+
+![](http://s0.cyberciti.org/uploads/faq/2014/02/chroot-command.jpg)
+
+Each process/command on Linux and Unix-like system has current working directory called root directory of a process/command. You can change the root directory of a command using `chroot` command, which ends up changing the root directory for both current running process and its children.
+
+    chroot command details
+    Description：Change root directory
+    Category：Processes Management
+    Difficulty：Advanced
+    Root privileges：Yes
+
+A process/command that is run in such a modified environment cannot access files outside the root directory. This modified environment is commonly known as "jailed directory" or "chroot jail". Only a privileged process and root user can use chroot command. This is useful to:
+
+1. Privilege separation for unprivileged process such as Web-server or DNS server.
+1. Setting up a test environment.
+1. Run old programs or ABI in-compatibility programs without crashing application or system.
+1. System recovery.
+1. Reinstall the bootloader such as Grub or Lilo.
+1. Password recovery Reset a forgotten password and more.
+
+### Purpose ###
+
+> The chroot command **changes its current and root directories to the provided directory and then run command**, if supplied, or an interactive copy of the user's login shell. Please note that not every application can be chrooted.
+
+### Syntax ###
+
+The basic syntax is as follows:
+
+    chroot /path/to/new/root command
+
+OR
+
+    chroot /path/to/new/root /path/to/server
+
+OR
+
+    chroot [options] /path/to/new/root /path/to/server
+
+#### chroot command examples ####
+
+In this example, build a mini-jail for testing purpose with bash and ls command only. First, set jail location using mkdir command:
+
+    $ J=$HOME/jail
+
+Create directories inside $J:
+
+    $ mkdir -p $J
+    $ mkdir -p $J/{bin,lib64,lib}
+    $ cd $J
+
+Copy /bin/bash and /bin/ls into $J/bin/ location using [cp command][1]:
+
+    $ cp -v /bin/{bash,ls} $J/bin
+
+Copy required libs in $J. Use ldd command to print shared library dependencies for bash:
+
+    $ ldd /bin/bash
+
+Sample outputs:
+
+    linux-vdso.so.1 =>  (0x00007fff8d987000)
+    libtinfo.so.5 => /lib64/libtinfo.so.5 (0x00000032f7a00000)
+    libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00000032f6e00000)
+    libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00000032f7200000)
+    /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00000032f6a00000)
+
+Copy libs in $J correctly from the above output:
+
+    $ cp -v /lib64/libtinfo.so.5 /lib64/libdl.so.2 /lib64/libc.so.6 /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 $J/lib64/
+
+Sample outputs:
+
+    `/lib64/libtinfo.so.5' -> `/home/vivek/jail/lib64/libtinfo.so.5'
+    `/lib64/libdl.so.2' -> `/home/vivek/jail/lib64/libdl.so.2'
+    `/lib64/libc.so.6' -> `/home/vivek/jail/lib64/libc.so.6'
+    `/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2' -> `/home/vivek/jail/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2'
+
+Copy required libs in $J for ls command. Use ldd command to print shared library dependencies for ls command:
+
+    $ ldd /bin/ls
+
+Sample outputs:
+
+    linux-vdso.so.1 =>  (0x00007fff68dff000)
+    libselinux.so.1 => /lib64/libselinux.so.1 (0x00000032f8a00000)
+    librt.so.1 => /lib64/librt.so.1 (0x00000032f7a00000)
+    libcap.so.2 => /lib64/libcap.so.2 (0x00000032fda00000)
+    libacl.so.1 => /lib64/libacl.so.1 (0x00000032fbe00000)
+    libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00000032f7200000)
+    libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00000032f6e00000)
+    /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00000032f6a00000)
+    libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00000032f7600000)
+    libattr.so.1 => /lib64/libattr.so.1 (0x00000032f9600000)
+
+You can copy libs one-by-one or try [bash shell for loop][2] as follows:
+
+    list="$(ldd /bin/ls | egrep -o '/lib.*\.[0-9]')"
+    for i in $list; do cp  -v "$i" "${J}${i}"; done
+
+Sample outputs:
+
+    `/lib64/libselinux.so.1' -> `/home/vivek/jail/lib64/libselinux.so.1'
+    `/lib64/librt.so.1' -> `/home/vivek/jail/lib64/librt.so.1'
+    `/lib64/libcap.so.2' -> `/home/vivek/jail/lib64/libcap.so.2'
+    `/lib64/libacl.so.1' -> `/home/vivek/jail/lib64/libacl.so.1'
+    `/lib64/libc.so.6' -> `/home/vivek/jail/lib64/libc.so.6'
+    `/lib64/libdl.so.2' -> `/home/vivek/jail/lib64/libdl.so.2'
+    `/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2' -> `/home/vivek/jail/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2'
+    `/lib64/libpthread.so.0' -> `/home/vivek/jail/lib64/libpthread.so.0'
+    `/lib64/libattr.so.1' -> `/home/vivek/jail/lib64/libattr.so.1'
+
+Finally, chroot into your new jail:
+
+    $ sudo chroot $J /bin/bash
+
+Try browsing /etc or /var:
+
+    # ls /
+    # ls /etc/
+    # ls /var/
+
+A chrooted bash and ls application is locked into a particular directory called $HOME/$J and unable to wander around the rest of the directory tree, and sees that directory as its "/" (root) directory. This is a tremendous boost to security if configured properly. I usually lock down the following applications using the same techniques:
+
+1. [Apache - Red Hat / CentOS: Chroot Apache 2 Web Server][3]
+1. [Nginx - Linux nginx: Chroot (Jail) Setup][4]
+1. [Chroot Lighttpd web server on a Linux based system][5]
+1. Chroot mail server.
+1. Chroot Bind DNS server and more.
+
+### How do I exit from chrooted jail? ###
+
+Type exit
+
+    $ exit
+
+Sample session from above commands:
+
+[![Animated gif 01: Linux / Unix: Bash Chroot ls Command Demo](http://s0.cyberciti.org/uploads/faq/2013/01/bash-chroot-ls-demo.gif)][6]
+
+Animated gif 01: Linux / Unix: Bash Chroot ls Command Demo
+
+### Find out if service in chrooted jail or not ###
+
+You can [easily find out if Postfix mail server is chrooted or not][7] using the following two commands:
+
+    pid=$(pidof -s master)
+    ls -ld /proc/$pid/root
+
+Sample outputs from my Linux based server:
+
+    lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 0 Mar  9 11:16 /proc/8613/root -> /
+
+The PID 8613 pointing out to / (root) i.e. the root directory for application is not changed or chrooted. This is a quick and dirty way to find out if application is chrooted or not without opening configuration files. Here is another example from chrooted nginx server:
+
+    pid=$(pidof -s master)
+    ls -ld /proc/$pid/root
+
+Sample outputs:
+
+    lrwxrwxrwx 1 nginx nginx 0 Mar  9 11:17 /proc/4233/root -> /nginxjail
+
+The root directory for application is changed to /nginxjail.
+
+### Rescue and fix software RAID system with chroot ###
+
+I'm assuming that software RAID based Linux system is not booting. So you [booted system either using the Live CD or networked based remote rescue kernel mode][8] to fix the system. In this example, I booting RHEL based system using live Linux DVD/CD and chroot into /dev/sda1 and/or /dev/md0 to fix the problem:
+
+    ## Recover data, at live cd prompt type the following commands. ##
+    ## /dev/sda1 main system partition ##
+    ## /dev/md0 /data partition  ##
+    # Set jail dir 
+    d=/chroot
+    mkdir $d
+ 
+    # Mount sda1 and required dirs 
+    mount /dev/sda1 $d
+    mount -o bind /dev $d/dev
+    mount -o bind /sys $d/sys
+    mount -o bind /dev/shm $d/dev/shm
+    mount -o bind /proc $d/proc
+ 
+    # Mount software raid /dev/md0 
+    mount /dev/md0 $d/data
+ 
+    # Chroot to our newly created jail. This allows us to fix bootloader or grab data before everything goes to /dev/null
+    chroot $d
+ 
+    # Can you see?
+    ls
+    df
+ 
+    # Get files to safe location
+    rsync -avr /path/to/my_precious_data_dir user@safe.location.cyberciti.biz:/path/to/dest
+ 
+    # Get out of chrooted jail and reboot or format the server as per your needs ;)
+    exit
+    umount {dev,sys,[...],}
+    reboot
+
+But wait, there's more!
+
+See all other chroot command related examples on nixCraft:
+
+1. [Ubuntu: Mount Encrypted Home Directory (~/.private) From an Ubuntu Live CD][9]
+1. [Linux Configure rssh Chroot Jail To Lock Users To Their Home Directories Only][10]
+1. [Fix a dual boot MS-Windows XP/Vista/7/Server and Linux problem][11]
+1. [Restore Debian Linux Grub boot loader][12]
+
+### A note about chrooting apps on a Linux or Unix-like systems ###
+
+Should you use the chroot feature all the time? In the above example, the program is fairly simple but you may end up with several different kinds of problems such as:
+
+1. Missing libs in jail can result into broken jail.
+1. Complex program are difficult to chroot. I suggest you either try real [jail such as provided by FreeBSD][13] or use virtualization soultuon such as [KVM on Linux][14].
+1. App running in jail can not run any other programs, can not alter any files, and can not assume another user's identity. Loosen these restrictions, you have lessened your security, chroot or no chroot.
+
+Also note that:
+
+1. Do not forgot, to updated chrooted apps when you upgrade apps locally.
+1. Not every app can or should be chrooted.
+1. Any app which has to assume root privileges to operate is pointless to attempt to chroot, as root can generally escape a chroot.
+1. Chroot is not a silver bullet. Learn [how to secure and harden rest of the system too][15].
+
+### chroot command options ###
+
+From the [chroot(8)][16] command man page:
+
+      --userspec=USER:GROUP  specify user and group (ID or name) to use
+      --groups=G_LIST        specify supplementary groups as g1,g2,..,gN
+          --help     display this help and exit
+          --version  output version information and exit
+
+### See also ###
+
+- [chroot(8) Linux/Unix command man page][17]
+- [Man pages chroot(2)][18]
+- [OpenBSD documentation See Apache chrooting faq for more information.][19]
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: 
+
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[1]:http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/cp-copy-command-in-unix-examples/
+[2]:http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/bash-for-loop/
+[3]:http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/chroot-apache-under-rhel-fedora-centos-linux.html
+[4]:http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-run-nginx-in-a-chroot-jail/
+[5]:http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/howto-setup-lighttpd-php-mysql-chrooted-jail.html
+[6]:http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/?attachment_id=28148
+[7]:http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-chroot-service.html
+[8]:http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/centos-rhel-linux-mount-raid-hard-disk-from-livecd/
+[9]:http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/ubuntu-mounting-your-encrypted-home-from-livecd/
+[10]:http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/howto-linux-unix-rssh-chroot-jail-setup.html
+[11]:http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/howto-fix-dual-boot-windows-vista-linux.html
+[12]:http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/restore-debian-linux-grub-boot-loader.html
+[13]:http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-upgrade-freebsd-jail-vps/
+[14]:http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/kvm-virtualization-in-redhat-centos-scientific-linux-6/
+[15]:http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-security.html
+[16]:http://www.manpager.com/linux/man8/chroot.8.html
+[17]:http://www.manpager.com/linux/man8/chroot.8.html
+[18]:http://www.manpager.com/linux/man2/chroot.2.html
+[19]:http://www.openbsd.org/faq/

sources/tech/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+这里放技术类文章，要求准确性

translated/10 Useful Random Linux Interview Questions and Answers_t.md

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
 
 > **答案**： 当你尝试杀X server的进程时，系统不会让你像使用'/etc/init.d/gdm stop'一样正常的退出X server。我们需要执行一个使X server重启的特别的键位组合'Ctrl+ Alt+ Back Space'。
 
-6.告诉我命令'ping'和'ping6'的区别？
+6.告诉我命令'ping'和'ping6'的区别？ 
 
 > **答案**： 这两个命令有同样的功能，但'ping6'命令可被用于ipv6的IP地址。
 

translated/20 Funny Commands of Linux or Linux is Fun in Terminal.md

@@ -1,41 +1,41 @@
->>**Linchenguang翻译中**
+Linux命令及Linux终端的20个趣事
 
-20 Funny Commands of Linux or Linux is Fun in Terminal
 ================================================================================
-**Linux** is fun! **Huhhh**. OK so you don’t believe me. Mind me at the end of this article you will have to believe that **Linux** is actually a fun box.
+玩**Linux** 乐趣无穷！**哈哈**。不相信。记住我的话，在文章结尾时你就会相信**Linux**确实好玩了。
+
 
 ![20 Linux Funny Commands](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Linux-Funny-Commands.png)
 
-### 1. Command: sl (Steam Locomotive) ###
+### 1. 命令：sl （蒸汽机车） ###
 
-You might be aware of command ‘ls‘ the list command and use it frequently to view the contents of a folder but because of miss-typing sometimes you would result in ‘sl‘, how about getting a little fun in terminal and not “command not found“.
+你可能了解 ‘ls’ 命令，并经常使用它来查看文件夹的内容。但是，有些时候你可能会拼写成 ‘sl’ ,这时我们应该如何获得一些乐趣而不是看见“command not found”呢？
 
-#### Install sl ####
+#### 安装 sl ####
 
     root@tecmint:~# apt-get install sl 		(In Debian like OS)
     root@tecmint:~# yum -y install sl 		(In Red Hat like OS)
 
-#### Output ####
+#### 输出 ####
 
     root@tecmint:~# sl
 
 ![sl command](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/sl.png)
 
-This command works even when you type ‘**LS**‘ and not ‘**ls**‘.
+当你敲入的是‘**LS**‘而不是’**ls**‘时，这个命令也会运行。
 
-### 2. Command: telnet ###
+### 2. 命令：telnet ###
 
-**No! No!!** it is not as much complex as it seems. You would be familiar with **telnet**. Telnet is a text-oriented bidirectional network protocol over network. Here is nothing to be installed. What you should have is a Linux box and a working Internet.
+**非也！非也！！**这可不像它平常那样复杂。你可能很熟悉**telnet**。Telnet 是一个文本化的双向网络协议。这里不需要安装什么东西。你需要的就是一个Linux系统和一个正常的网络。
 
     root@tecmint:~# telnet towel.blinkenlights.nl
 
 ![telnet command](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/telnet.png)
 
-#### 3. Command: fortune ####
+#### 3. 命令：fortune ####
 
-what about getting your random fortune, sometimes funny in terminal.
+试试你未知的运气，终端里有时也有好玩的。
 
-#### Install fortune ####
+#### 安装 fortune ####
 
     root@tecmint:~# apt-get install fortune 	(for aptitude based system)
     root@tecmint:~# yum install fortune 		(for yum based system)
@@ -47,9 +47,9 @@ what about getting your random fortune, sometimes funny in terminal.
     You worry too much about your job.  Stop it.  You are not paid enough to worry.
     Your love life will be... interesting.
 
-### 4. Command: rev (Reverse) ###
+### 4. 命令：rev（翻转）###
 
-It **reverse** every string given to it, is not it funny.
+它会把传递给它的的每个字符串都反过来，是不是很好玩。
 
     root@tecmint:~# rev
     
@@ -59,9 +59,9 @@ It **reverse** every string given to it, is not it funny.
     xuniL eb ot nrob
     born to be Linux
 
-### 5. Command: factor ###
+### 5. 命令：factor ###
 
-Time for some **Mathematics**, this command output all the possible factors of a given number.
+该谈点儿关于**Mathematics**的了，这个命令输出给定数字的所有因子。
 
     root@tecmint:~# factor
     
@@ -77,9 +77,9 @@ Time for some **Mathematics**, this command output all the possible factors of a
     5442134 
     5442134: 2 2721067
 
-### 6. Command: script ###
+### 6.命令：script ###
 
-OK fine this is not a command and a script but it is nice.
+好的，这不是什么命令，而是一个脚本，一个很有趣的脚本。
 
     root@tecmint:~# for i in {1..12}; do for j in $(seq 1 $i); do echo -ne $i×$j=$((i*j))\\t;done; echo;done 
 
@@ -96,16 +96,16 @@ OK fine this is not a command and a script but it is nice.
     11×1=11	11×2=22	11×3=33	11×4=44	11×5=55	11×6=66	11×7=77	11×8=88	11×9=99	11×10=110	11×11=121	
     12×1=12	12×2=24	12×3=36	12×4=48	12×5=60	12×6=72	12×7=84	12×8=96	12×9=108	12×10=120	12×11=132	12×12=144
 
-### 7. Command: Cowsay ###
+### 7.命令：Cowsay ###
 
-An **ASCII** cow in terminal that will say what ever you want.
+一个在终端用**ASCII**码组成的小牛，这个小牛会说出你想要它说的话。
 
-#### Install Cowsay ####
+### 安装Cowsay ###
 
     root@tecmint:~# apt-get install cowsay 		(for Debian based OS)
     root@tecmint:~# yum install cowsay		(for Red Hat based OS)
 
-#### Output ####
+### 输出 ###
 
     root@tecmint:~# cowsay I Love nix 
 
@@ -118,7 +118,8 @@ An **ASCII** cow in terminal that will say what ever you want.
                     ||----w |
                     ||     ||
 
-How about pipelineing ‘**fortune command**‘, described above with cowsay?
+
+如果用管道将‘**fortune command**’命令重定向到cowsay会怎样呢？
 
 root@tecmint:~# fortune | cowsay 
 
@@ -137,25 +138,25 @@ root@tecmint:~# fortune | cowsay
                      ||----w |
                      ||     ||
 
-**Note: ‘|‘** is called pipeline instruction and it is used where the output of one command needs to be the input of another command. In the above example the output of ‘**fortune**‘ command acts as an input of ‘**cowsay**‘ command. This pipeline instruction is frequently used in scripting and programming.
 
-**xcowsay** is a graphical program which response similar to **cowsay** but in a graphical manner, hence it is **X** of cowsay.
+**提示：‘|’**是管道命令符。通常它是将一个命令的输出作为下一个命令的输入。在上面的例子中‘**fortune**’的输出作为‘**cowsay**’命令的输出。管道命令会经常用在脚本和程序编写中。
+
+**xcowsay**是一个图形界面程序。它与**cowsay**类似只是以一种图形的方式来表达，可以说是**X**版本的cowsay。
 
     apt-get insatll xcowsay
     yum install xcowsay
 
-#### Output ####
-
+#### 输出 ####
     root@tecmint:~# xcowsay I Love nix
 
 ![xcowsay command](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/xcowsay.png)
 
-**cowthink** is another command just run “cowthink Linux is sooo funny” and see the difference in output of cowsay and cowthink.
+**cowthink**是另一个命令。运行“cowthink Linux is sooo funny ”看看它与cowsay的不同吧。
 
     apt-get insatll cowthink
     yum install cowthink
 
-#### Output ####
+#### 输出 ####
 
     root@tecmint:~# cowthink ....Linux is sooo funny
      _________________________
@@ -167,9 +168,9 @@ root@tecmint:~# fortune | cowsay
                     ||----w |
                     ||     ||
 
-### 8. Command: yes ###
+### 8. 命令：yes ###
 
-It is funny but useful as well, specially in scripts and for **System Administrators** where an automated predefined response can be passed to terminal or generated.
+yes 是一个非常有趣又有用的命令，尤其对于脚本编写和系统管理员来说，它可以自动地生成预先定义的响应或者将其传到终端。
 
     root@tecmint:~# yes I Love Linux
 
@@ -186,18 +187,19 @@ It is funny but useful as well, specially in scripts and for **System Administra
     I Love Linux
     I Love Linux
 
-**Note**: (Till you interrupt i.e **ctrl+c**).
+**提示**: (直到你按下**ctrl+c**才停止)
 
-### 9. Command: toilet ###
+### 9. 命令: toilet ###
 
-what? Are u kidding, huhh no! Definitely not, but for sure this command name itself is too funny, and I don’t know from where this command gets it’s name.
 
-#### Install toilet ####
+什么？你在开玩笑吗! 当然没有，但肯定的是这个命令的名字太搞了，我也不知道这个命令的名字从何而来。
+
+#### 安装toilet ####
 
     root@tecmint:~# apt-get install toilet 
     root@tecmint:~# yum install toilet
 
-#### Output ####
+#### 输出 ####
 
     root@tecmint:~# toilet tecmint 
 
@@ -207,106 +209,115 @@ what? Are u kidding, huhh no! Definitely not, but for sure this command name its
        #    #""""  #      # # #    #    #   #    #           #      #   #  # # # 
        #    "#mm"  "#mm"  # # #  mm#mm  #   #    "mm    #    "#mm"  "#m#"  # # #
 
-It even offers some kind of color and fonts style.
+
+这个命令甚至提供了一些颜色和字体格式。
 
     root@tecmint:~# toilet -f mono12 -F metal Tecmint.com
 
 ![toilet command](http://www.tecmint.com/20-funny-commands-of-linux-or-linux-is-fun-in-terminal/toilet/)
 
-**Note: Figlet** is another command that more or less provide such kind of effect in terminal.
+**提示：Figlet** 是另外一个与toilet产生的效果类似的命令。
 
-### 10. Command: cmatrix ###
 
-You might have seen Hollywood movie ‘**matrix**‘ and would be fascinated with power, **Neo** was provided with, to see anything and everything in matrix or you might think of an animation that looks alike **Hacker**‘s desktop.
+### 10. 命令：cmatrix ###
 
-#### Install cmatrix ####
+你可能看多好莱坞的电影‘**黑客帝国**’并陶醉于被赋予**Neo**的能看到在矩阵中任何事物的能力，或者你会想到一幅类似于‘**Hacker**’的桌面的生动画面。
+
+
+#### 安装 cmatrix ####
 
     root@tecmint:~# apt-get install cmatrix
     root@tecmint:~# yum install cmatrix
 
-#### Output ####
+#### 输出 ####
 
     root@tecmint:~# cmatrix
 
 ![cmatrix command](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/cmatrix.png)
 
-### 11. Command: oneko ###
+### 11. 命令: oneko ###
 
-OK so you believe that mouse pointer of Linux is the same silly black/white pointer where no animation lies then I fear you could be wrong. “**oneko**“ is a package that will attach a “**Jerry**“ with you mouse pointer and moves along with you pointer.
 
-#### Install cmatrix ####
+可能你坚信Linux的鼠标指针永远是同样的黑色或白色一点儿也不生动，那你就错了。“**oneko**”是一个会让一个“**Jerry**”你的鼠标指针附着到你鼠标上的一个软件包。
+
+#### 安装 oneko ####
 
     root@tecmint:~# apt-get install oneko
     root@tecmint:~# yum install oneko
 
-#### Output ####
+#### 输出 ####
 
     root@tecmint:~# oneko
 
 ![oneko command](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/oneko.png)
 
-**Note**: Once you close the terminal from which **oneko** was run, **jerry** will disappear, nor will start at start-up. You can add the application to start up and continue enjoying.
 
-### 12. Fork Bomb ###
+**提示**：关闭运行着**oneko**的终端时，**Jerry**也会随之消失，重新启动终端时也不会再出项。你可以将这个程序添加到启动选项中然后继续使用它。
 
-This is a very nasty piece of code. Run this at **your own risk**. This actually is a fork bomb which exponentially multiplies itself till all the system resource is utilized and the system hangs. (To check the power of above code you should try it once, but all at your own risk, close and save all other programs and file before running **fork bomb**).
+### 12. Fork炸弹  ###
+
+这是一段非常欠抽的代码。运行这个命令的后果自己负责。这个命令其实是一个fork炸弹，它会以指数倍的自乘，直到所有的系统资源都被利用了或者系统挂起（想要见识这个命令的威力你可以试一次这个命令，但是后果自负，记得在运行它之前关掉并保存其它所有程序和文件）。
 
     root@tecmint:~# :(){ :|:& }:
 
-### 13. Command: while ###
+### 13. 命令：while  ###
 
-The below “while” command is a script which provides you with colored date and file till you interrupt (ctrl + c). Just copy and paste the below code in terminal.
+
+下面的”while“命令是一个脚本，这个脚本可以为你提供彩色的日期和文件直到你按下中断键（ctrl+c）。复制粘贴这个命令到你的终端。
 
     root@tecmint:~# while true; do echo "$(date '+%D %T' | toilet -f term -F border --gay)"; sleep 1; done
 
 ![Linux while command](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/while.png)
 
-**Note**: The above script when modified with following command, will gives similar output but with a little difference, check it in your terminal.
+
+**提示**：以上脚本通过下面的修改也会产生类似的输出但是还是有点不同的，在你的终端试试吧。
 
     root@tecmint:~# while true; do clear; echo "$(date '+%D %T' | toilet -f term -F border --gay)"; sleep 1; done
 
-### 14. Command: espeak ###
+### 14. 命令: espeak ###
 
-Just Turn the Knob of your multimedia speaker to full before pasting this command in your terminal and let us know how you felt listening the god’s voice.
+将你的多媒体音箱的音量调到最大，然后在将这个命令复制到你的终端，来看看你听到上帝的声音时的反应吧。
 
-#### Install espeak ####
+#### 安装 espeak ####
 
     root@tecmint:~# apt-get install espeak
     root@tecmint:~# yum install espeak
 
-#### Output ####
+#### 输出 ####
 
     root@tecmint:~# espeak "Tecmint is a very good website dedicated to Foss Community"
 
-### 15. Command: aafire ###
+### 15. 命令: aafire ###
 
-How about fire in your terminal. Just type “**aafire**” in the terminal, without quotes and see the magic. Press any key to interrupt the program.
+在你的终端放一把火如何。把这个“**aafire**”敲到你的终端，不需要什么引号看看这神奇的一幕吧。按下任意键中指该程序。
 
-#### Install aafire ####
+
+#### 安装 aafire ####
 
     root@tecmint:~# apt-get install libaa-bin
 
-#### Output ####
+#### 输出 ####
 
     root@tecmint:~# aafire
 
 ![](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/aafire.png)
 
-### 16. Command: bb ###
+### 16. 命令: bb ###
 
-First install “**apt-get insatll bb**” and then, type “**bb**” in terminal and see what happens.
+首先安装“**apt-get install bb**”,然后敲入“**bb**”看看会发生什么吧。
 
     root@tecmint:~# bb
 
 ![bb command](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/bb.png)
 
-### 17. Command: url ###
+### 17. 命令: url ###
 
-Won’t it be an awesome feeling for you if you can update you **twitter status** from command line in front of your friend and they seems impressed. OK just replace **username, password** and **your status message** with your’s **username, password** and “**your status message**“.
+
+如果在你的朋友面前用命令行来改变你的 **twitter status** 会不会很酷呢。用你的**用户名密码**和**你想要的状态**分别替换**username, password** 和“**your status message**“就可以了。
 
 ### 18. ASCIIquarium ###
 
-How it will be to get an **aquarium** in terminal.
+想要在终端弄一个水族馆该，怎么办？
 
     root@tecmint:~# apt-get install libcurses-perl
     root@tecmint:~# cd /tmp 
@@ -316,9 +327,9 @@ How it will be to get an **aquarium** in terminal.
     root@tecmint:~# perl Makefile.PL &&  make &&   make test
     root@tecmint:~# make install
 
-#### Install ASCIIquarium ####
+#### 安装 ASCIIquarium ####
 
-Now Download and Install **ASCIIquarium**.
+下载并安装**ASCIIquarium**。
 
     root@tecmint:~# cd /tmp
     root@tecmint:~# wget http://www.robobunny.com/projects/asciiquarium/asciiquarium.tar.gz
@@ -327,15 +338,19 @@ Now Download and Install **ASCIIquarium**.
     root@tecmint:~# cp asciiquarium /usr/local/bin
     root@tecmint:~# chmod 0755 /usr/local/bin/asciiquarium
 
-And finally run “**asciiquarium**” or “**/usr/local/bin/asciiquarium**“ in terminal without quotes and be a part of magic that will be taking place in front of your eyes.
+
+最后在终端运行“**asciiquarium**”或者“**/usr/local/bin/asciiquarium**”，记得不要加引号，神奇的一幕将在你眼前展现。
 
     root@tecmint:~# asciiquarium
 
 ![aquarium command](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/ascliquarium.png)
 
-### 19. Command: funny manpages ###
+### 19. 命令: funny manpages ###
+
+
+首先安装“**apt-get install funny－manpages**”然后运行下面命令的man手册。其中一些
+
 
-First install “**apt-get install funny-manpages**” and then run man pages for the commands below. Some of them may be **18+**, run at your own risk, they all are too funny.
 
     baby
     celibacy
@@ -362,7 +377,7 @@ First install “**apt-get install funny-manpages**” and then run man pages fo
 
 ### 20. Linux Tweaks ###
 
-It is time for you to have some one liner **tweaks**.
+该到了做一些调整的时候了
 
     root@tecmint:~# world
     
@@ -400,16 +415,18 @@ It is time for you to have some one liner **tweaks**.
     server@localhost:/srv$ \(- 
     bash: (-: command not found
 
-Linux is sexy: **who | grep -i blonde | date; cd ~; unzip; touch; strip; finger; mount; gasp; yes; uptime; umount; sleep** (If you know what i mean)
 
-There are certain other but these don’t work on all the system and hence not included in this article. Some of them are man **dog , filter, banner**, etc.
+Linux总是sexy：**who | grep -i blonde | date; cd ~; unzip; touch; strip; finger; mount; gasp; yes; uptime; umount; sleep**（如果你知道我的意思）
 
-Have fun, you can say me thanks later :) yup your comment is highly appreciated which encourages us write more. Tell us which command you liked the most. Stay tuned i will be back soon with another article worth reading.
+
+还有一些其它的命令，只是这些命令并不能在所有的系统上运行，所以本文没有涉及到。比如说**dog , filter, banner**
+
+使用愉快，你可以稍后再对我说谢谢：）您的评价是我们前进的不竭动力。告诉我们你最喜欢的命令。继续关注，不久我会有另一篇值得阅读的文章。
 
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 via: http://www.tecmint.com/20-funny-commands-of-linux-or-linux-is-fun-in-terminal/
 
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+译者：[Linchenguang](https://github.com/Linchenguang) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
 
 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

translated/5 Best Themes For Ubuntu 13.10.md

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+Ubuntu 13.10 系统的5个最棒主题
+================================================================================
+![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Best_Themes_Ubuntu.jpeg)
+
+对 Ubuntu 默认的 Ambiance 主题不太满意？何不试试其它的主题，用换主题的方式来改变你的桌面外观？如果你不知道哪些主题对你有用的话，我已经列出了 **Ubuntu 13.10 最好的主题**。在我们看这些主题前，用简单的句子说明下该怎么样使用这些主题。
+
+### 在 Ubuntu 13.10 中安装主题 ###
+
+在 Ubuntu 中要使用主题有两种方式，既可以添加 PPA 来下载也可以直接下载主题文件。如果你是直接下载的文件，要把它解压到 **~/.themes** 或者 **/user/share/themes** 目录中。如果你是通过添加 PPA 来下载的，并不需要做什么特殊的操作。
+
+下一步就是正式使用已经安装的主题。你可以使用 Unity Tweak 工具软件来切换到已经安装的主题。请参考这篇文章[如何在 Ubuntu 13.10 上安装主题][1]上的截图教程.
+
+### Ubuntu 13.10 最好的 Unity 主题: ###
+
+大多数主题都是由主题本身和图标集组成的。我的建议是主题本身及图标集都要从同一个主题集中安装，以使它们更漂亮。事不宜迟，让我们看些 Ubuntu13.10 中最好的主题：
+
+### Numix ###
+
+![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Numix_theme_Ubuntu.jpeg)
+
+[Numix][2] 确实是一款漂亮的主题。它有着扁平和弧形图标，并且完美的集成进 Unity 桌面环境中。在终端下可以使用下面的命令来安装 Numix 主题和图表集：
+
+    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:numix/ppa
+    sudo apt-get update
+    sudo apt-get install numix-gtk-theme numix-icon-theme numix-icon-theme-circle numix-wallpaper-saucy
+
+### Moka ###
+
+![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Moka_Theme_Ubuntu.jpeg)
+
+漂亮，不是吗？使用如下命令来安装 Moka GTK 主题和图标集：
+
+    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:snwh/moka-gtk-theme-daily
+    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:snwh/moka-icon-theme-daily
+    sudo apt-get update
+    sudo apt-get install moka-gtk-theme moka-icon-theme moka-icon-theme-symbolic moka-icon-theme-extras
+
+### zonColor ###
+
+![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/zoncolor_theme_Ubuntu.jpeg)
+
+[zonColor][3] 是从亮到暗及颜色相异的几个主题组成的一个包。它也由自己的图标集。使用如下的命令来安装 zonColor 主题和图标集。
+
+    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes
+    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/icons
+    sudo apt-get update
+    sudo apt-get install zoncolor-themes zoncolor-icons
+
+### Nokto ###
+
+![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Nokto_Theme_ubuntu.jpeg)
+
+Nokto 没有自己的图标集，但它是一个很漂亮的黑色主题。要安装 Natko, 可以使用如下的命令:
+
+    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes
+    sudo apt-get update
+    sudo apt-get install nokto-theme
+
+### Flattastic ###
+
+![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Flattastic_theme.jpeg)
+
+很像 Nokto, Flattastic 也没有自己的图标集，但你可以使用任何的平面图标，它们会与主题融合的很好。虽然它不能以 PPA 的方式来安装，但是你可以从[这儿][4]下载到文件然后来安装。一旦下载完成，把 zip 压缩文件解压到 /usr/share/themes 目录下，然后你就可以使用 Unity Tweak 工具来选择使用这个主题。
+
+这就是 Ubuntu 13.10 下5个最棒主题。你也许会想看看类似的文章，这列出了[ Ubuntu 下5个最棒的图标集][5].您觉得这些主题怎么样？除了这些提到的，您有一个您最钟爱的吗？请更我们分享。
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://itsfoss.com/best-themes-ubuntu-1310/
+
+译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[1]:http://itsfoss.com/how-to-install-themes-in-ubuntu-13-10/
+[2]:http://satya164.deviantart.com/art/Numix-GTK3-theme-360223962
+[3]:https://code.google.com/p/zoncolor/
+[4]:http://nale12.deviantart.com/art/Flattastic-13-01-2014-424913255
+[5]:http://itsfoss.com/best-icon-themes-ubuntu-1310/

translated/5 Linux Distributions that Deserve more Love.md

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+5个需要更多关爱的Linux发行版
+================================================================================
+![](http://www.linuxfederation.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/linux.jpg)
+
+就像我以前在文章里写的, [Linux 无处不在，][1]所以即使没有数千种，也有数百种之多的发行版。有一些发行版非常有名，其中一些拥有上千万的用户基础，而有一些 却只能生活在这些光辉闪耀的发行版的阴影之中。有一些发行版在大的发行版轻松享受的业务范围的连接处挣扎求存，同时每年都有一些触手可及的发行版灭亡。但是我们今天在这里讨论几个还没有得到他们应得的关爱的发行版。不论这个发行版是原始的或分支或基于其他的发行版的，如果它工作起来对于日常使用是足够稳定的，同时没有得到应得的关爱，它将在列表中。
+
+### 5. Rosa ###
+
+![](http://www.linuxfederation.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/o_bootscreen-von-rosa-desktop-2012.jpg)
+
+[ROSA Desktop][2], 是一个拥有高度定制性的KDE桌面发行版，它有大量来自 ROSA 的改动旨在加强工作环境开发的用户友好性。ROSA是一家俄国公司，他还提供了一个基于红帽的企业版的企业服务器版ROSA给开发者。这是你在网上能找到的最具有定制性的发行版之一，它拥有大量的的家用特性像一个完全重新设计的登录窗口，一个叫做“TimeFrame”的日程管理软件，大量改动的“Dolhpin”文件管理器，Rocket Bar，Simple Welcome，Rosa Media Player和很多其他的软件。
+
+### 4. Korora ###
+
+![](http://www.linuxfederation.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/korora_3d_text_by_topazharley-d71surb.png)
+
+[Korora][3] 是基于让 Linux新手用起来更容易，但同时也是一个对专家很有用的愿望产生的系统。最初是2005年基于Gentoo Linux 的系统 ，korora在2010年作为一个Fedora 的混音版重新出世，它搭载 tweaks和一些额外的功能以使系统可以开箱即用。korora拥有一个融合的Fedora + RPM  Fusion+ korora的包系统。其中korora提供尖端和一个红帽发行版的稳定，让它可以毫不费力的实现开箱即用。许多人抱怨Fedora太麻烦，但是 Fedora就是这样设计的啊。对于喜欢 Fedora 同时仍希望可以开箱即用的人们，korora就是为你准备的。 
+
+### 3. Chakra Linux ###
+
+![](http://www.linuxfederation.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/schermata2.png)
+
+如果你是KDE的铁杆粉丝而且你无法忍受长达几个月的等待时间才能用上最新的软件，那么你有一款天堂般的选择，他们管它叫Chakra Linux。这个发行版最初是Arch Linux的一个分支，但是现在已经是一个独立的发行版了，它拥有自己的仓库、包、内核和半/滚动发布周期。
+
+[Chakra Linux][4] 工作性能很好而且拥有Arch Linux的所有优点。有些人可能争论为什么不直接用Arch Linux，然后用KDE代替 Chakra Linux。首先是安装过程，无论每个人如何证明你自己装起来多容易，事实上并非如此。一个OS应该很容易使用同时安装起来更容易，而不是别的样。
+
+Chakra Linux 是很少的一个可以获得的、真正的KDE发行版，因此可以保证你可以拥有到最好的KDE体验在你使用 Chakra Linux的时候。
+
+### 2. Ubuntu Gnome ###
+
+![](http://www.linuxfederation.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/gnomeubuntu-vert-wh.png)
+
+Ubuntu 可能是近些年颇受关注和争论的一个版本，尤其是转到 Unity 的决定，但是我个人对 Unity 感觉很好。另一方面，我在装 Nivida的时候它的错误是如此的多，而且我经常看到有人抱怨 Unity 糟糕的表现。还有其他的半官方的的版本可以选择但是没有一个真的很像Ubuntu的体验，直到[Ubuntu Gnome][5] 出现。
+
+关于这个不需要说太多, Ubuntu Gnome 就是一个披着 Gnome Shell 外壳的 Ubuntu, （“之所以列出来是因为”）我觉得它应该在名单上。Ubuntu 曾经因为 Canonical 极少犯错误而风靡一时，这个发行版也不该太惨。我可以很高兴的告诉你，你可以从 Ubuntu Gnome 中感受到原始的 Ubuntu 的每一项优点同时避开 Canonical 的那些粗鲁的暴力措施。
+
+### 1. Sabayon Linux ###
+
+![](http://www.linuxfederation.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sabayon_5.3.jpg)
+
+[Sabayon][6] Linux 是一个基于 Gentoo 的发行版的、遵循开箱即用的哲学而且它做的很踏实一步都没有跳过。这听起来有点偏但 Sabayon 在大量的系统中是极少数的真正可以开箱即用的发行版 。 
+
+Sabayon 遵循不说废话的哲学，一切按它应该是的方式运行，你不需要关心终端是否把事情做好了，你不需要添加额外的库增加最明显的功能，一切都在一个地方，顺道说一下，如果你愿意你可以做但问题是你不能强迫用户做所有的这些事情.如果我想用Arch Linux但是不想用终端使我痛苦的撞头，我就应该能做到。
+
+Sabayon 是一个尖端的，快速的和令人惊讶的稳定发行版，归功于坚实的Gentoo的核心。它用你选择的DE很容易使用，安装更方便，开箱即用，拥有一个很简单的功能和很强大的包管理器，配备所需的大部分应用程序，然后它仍然可以被深度定制，就像任何其他的分布。
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://www.linuxfederation.com/linux-distributions-love/
+
+译者：[crowner](https://github.com/crowner) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[1]:http://www.linuxfederation.com/linux-everywhere/
+[2]:http://www.rosalab.com/products/desktop_fresh
+[3]:https://kororaproject.org/
+[4]:http://www.chakra-project.org/
+[5]:http://ubuntugnome.org/
+[6]:http://www.sabayon.org/

translated/9 Killer Tips To Speed Up Ubuntu 13.10.md

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+九大技巧给你的Ubuntu 13.10提速
+================================================================================
+![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Speed_Up_Ubuntu_1310.jpg)
+
+不管你的Ubuntu 13.10系统是重新安装的或是从以前旧版本升级的，在使用了一段时间后，你应该会感觉到系统开始变慢。在这篇文章中，我们将了解到一些**让你的Ubuntu运行得更快的技巧**。
+
+在我们动手提高Ubuntu 13.10的整体系统性能之前，先思考下为什么系统会随着时间变慢。这里可能有很多原因，比如，你可能有一台简单设置了一下的低配电脑，你可能安装了很多在开机时吃掉系统资源的应用程序。实际上有各种理由。
+
+在这里列出了一些小技巧，能帮你提高一点Ubuntu的速度。还有一些很好的技巧，可以用来提高系统性能，让系统运行更流畅。你可以选择尝试所有技巧或者其中的一部分，他们每一个都可以让你的Ubuntu更流畅，更敏捷，更迅速。
+
+### 让Ubuntu 13.10运行更快的技巧: ###
+
+我已经在我的Ubuntu 13.10上应用过这些技巧，但是我相信它们同样可以应用在旧版本的Ubuntu系统上，或者其他基于Ubuntu的Linux发行版，比如：Linux Mint，Elementary OS Luna等等。
+
+减少grub默认的引导等待时间：
+
+grub默认会给你10秒钟时间来选择要引导的系统或是进入恢复模式，这对于我来说太长了。这意味着你得呆在电脑边上按下确认键来立刻引导Ubuntu。是不是觉得有点浪费时间？第一个小技巧就是改变引导时间。如果你更喜欢GUI工具，可以阅读这篇文章[通过Grub Customizer调整grub等待时间和引导顺序][1]。
+
+对其他人来说，只需要通过下面的简单命令来打开grub配置文件：
+
+    sudo gedit /etc/default/grub &
+
+把**GRUB_TIMEOUT=10**改为**GRUB_TIMEOUT=2**，这样就可以把引导等待时间改成2秒。最好不要改成0，因为这样你就不能选择其他操作系统或者恢复模式了。在修改完成后，用下面的命令使改动生效：
+
+    sudo update-grub
+
+### 管理开机启动应用程序： ###
+
+慢慢的你开始安装各种应用程序。如果你是It’s FOSS的读者，你可能安装了许多[本周最佳应用程序][2]系列里推荐的应用。这里面很多应用都会开机启动，程序运行肯定会要消耗系统资源，结果就是：一台每次开机都要很长时间的缓慢电脑。打开Unity Dash，然后找到**Startup Applications**：
+
+![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Startup_Applications_Ubuntu.jpeg)
+
+在里面，检查一下那些开机启动的程序，考虑一下哪些是你觉得没有必要每次开机都启动的程序，然后尽情地移除吧。
+
+![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Startup_applications_ubuntu_1310.jpeg)
+
+万一你不想从开机启动列表里移除程序呢？比如说，你安装了[Ubuntu 13.10里最好的提示插件][3]里推荐的程序，你希望它们可以在每次开机时都自动启动。这种情况可以这样处理，为应用程序的启动设定一个等待时间。这样，你可以缓解一点启动时的资源占用，而你的应用程序仍然会自动启动，在一段时间后。在前一张图中，点击Edit，然后在运行的命令中加入一个等待。例如，如果你想延迟20秒再启动Dropbox提示，只需要在当前的命令前面**增加一条命令**：
+
+    sleep 20;
+
+这样，命令‘**dropbox start -i**‘变成了‘**sleep 20; dropbox start -i**‘。这就意味着Dropbox的启动会有20秒延迟。你可以像这样为其他开机启动的应用程序设置一个等待时间。
+
+![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Edit_startup_applications_Ubuntu.jpeg)
+
+### 安装preload来加速应用程序加载时间： ###
+
+Preload是个后台程序，会分析用户的行为和常用的程序。打开终端，用下面的命令安装preload：
+
+    sudo apt-get install preload
+
+安装完后重启电脑，然后就可以把它忘了，它会在后台运行。[[更多关于preload的信息][4]]
+
+### 选择最快的软件升级镜像服务器： ###
+
+最好检查一下自己用来升级软件的镜像服务器是最快的。Ubuntu软件仓库在全球各地都有镜像服务器，建议选择一个离自己最近的。这样可以减少从服务器下载升级包的时间，所以软件升级会更快。
+
+在**Software & Updates->Ubuntu Software tab->Download From**里选择**Other**，然后点击**Select Best Server**：
+
+![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Ubuntu_software_Center_Mirror.jpeg)
+
+系统会自动测试并告诉你哪个镜像服务器是最快的。通常来说，系统默认会选择最快的镜像服务器，但是，检查一下总是没有坏处。不过，如果保存升级包的距离最近的镜像服务器并没有经常保持同步的话，获取更新的时候可能会有点延时。对于网络连接速度比较慢的人来说，这个方法很有用。你可以在文章[加速Ubuntu的WIFI速度][5]里更深入地了解这些提示
+
+### 用apt-fast代替apt-get来加速更新： ###
+
+apt-fast是用来代替“apt-get”的的一个shell脚本程序，它通过多线程的方式改善了更新和下载安装包的速度。如果你经常用终端和apt-get来安装和升级软件的话，可以试试apt-fast。用下面的命令通过官方PPA安装apt-fast：
+
+    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:apt-fast/stable
+    sudo apt-get update
+    sudo apt-get install apt-fast
+
+### 从apt-get更新中移除语言相关的ign： ###
+
+你有没有注意过sudo apt-get update的输出？里面有三类标志，**hit**，**ign**和**get**。你可以在[这里][6]了解它们的含义。检查一下包含IGN的行，你会发现它们大多数都是语言翻译相关的。如果你所有的程序和安装包都是英文的，那完全没有必要检查从英文到英文的安装包数据库。
+
+如果你跳过apt-get的语言相关的更新，能够轻微地提高apt-get update的速度。想这样做的话，在终端里输入下面的命令：
+
+    sudo gedit /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/00aptitude
+
+然后在文件末尾加入下面这行：
+
+    Acquire::Languages "none";
+
+![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/ign_language-apt_get_update.jpeg)
+
+### 减少系统过热： ###
+
+如今，过热是计算机的一个普遍问题，一台过热的电脑运行得非常缓慢。如果你的CPU风扇跑得像尤塞恩.博尔特一样快的话，会需要超长的时间来打开一个程序。在Ubuntu 13.10中有两个工具可以帮助减少系统过热来实现更好的系统性能，TLP和CPUFREQ。
+
+通过下面的终端命令来安装使用TLP：
+
+    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:linrunner/tlp
+    sudo apt-get update
+    sudo apt-get install tlp tlp-rdw
+    sudo tlp start
+
+在安装完TLP后不需要做其他额外的事情，它会在后台运行。用下面的命令安装CPUFREQ提示工具：
+
+    sudo apt-get install indicator-cpufreq
+
+然后重启电脑，然后选择CPUFREQ的**Powersave**模式：
+
+![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/CPUFREQ-indicator.jpeg)
+
+### 调整LibreOffice让它运行更快： ###
+
+如果你经常使用办公软件，那你应该会想调整一下默认的LibreOffice，让它运行得更快些。这里会调整一下内存选项。打开LibreOffice，然后选择**Tools->Options**，然后在左边栏里选择**Memory**，并激活**System Quickstarter**来增加内存占用。
+
+![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/LibreOffice_Memory_option_1.jpeg)
+
+你可以看一下[如何加速LibreOffice][7]了解更多的细节。
+
+### 使用软件的轻量替代： ###
+
+这个更像是推荐和喜好。有些系统默认或流行的软件都需要占用大量系统资源，这并不适合一般的低配置电脑。这种情况下，你可以选择使用这些软件的一些替代程序。比如，用[AppGrid][8]来替代Ubuntu Software Center；用[Gdebi][9]来安装软件；用AbiWord来代替LibreOffice Writer等等。
+
+这些就是我搜集的**让Ubuntu 13.10运行更快**的技巧。我相信这些小技巧可以整体提升系统性能表现。你是否也有一些隐藏的技巧来**加速Ubuntu 13.10**？这些小技巧对你是不是有帮助？请和大家分享你的看法，随时欢迎提出任何问题或建议，不要吝啬留下你的评论。
+
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://itsfoss.com/speed-up-ubuntu-1310/
+
+译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[1]:http://itsfoss.com/windows-default-os-dual-boot-ubuntu-1304-easy/
+[2]:http://itsfoss.com/tag/app-of-the-week/
+[3]:http://itsfoss.com/7-best-indicator-applets-for-ubuntu-13-10/
+[4]:http://itsfoss.com/improve-application-startup-speed-with-preload-in-ubuntu/
+[5]:http://itsfoss.com/speed-up-slow-wifi-connection-ubuntu/
+[6]:http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=231300
+[7]:http://itsfoss.com/speed-libre-office-simple-trick/
+[8]:http://itsfoss.com/app-grid-lighter-alternative-ubuntu-software-center/
+[9]:http://itsfoss.com/install-deb-files-easily-and-quickly-in-ubuntu-12-10-quick-tip/

translated/Because You Can--Windows 8 GTK Theme For Linux.md

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+因为你可以：Linux上的Windows 8 GTK主题
+=============================================================================
+
+现在我居住的地方正值炎夏，但是相比较我正在写的文章将会引来的暴风雨，还是温和了不少：是的！我正在写关于Windows GTK主题的文章。
+
+![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/windows-8-gtk-theme.png)
+
+好吧，认错时间：我，个人并没有坐在桌前想着：“我的Ubuntu桌面真的需要...需要看起来像另一个操作系统一样！”。当我确认模仿另一个操作系统的外观的行为很不对我的胃口时，但世界上有那么多的用户，没准有些用户-可能也包括你-会对这有兴趣呢！
+
+这件事本身也并没有任何问题。虽然这会引来很多狂热爱好者或者喷子，但是这提供的种灵活性也可以更好地为改进者，自定义者和主题制作者服务，因此我说：“何乐而不为呢？”
+
+###Winodws 8 的现代UI###
+
+> “Windows XP的卡通蓝边界和过度透明的Aero Glass主题早就过时了”
+
+Windows作为世界上最被广泛运用的操作系统(一片嘘声)，那么GTK的高山与Metacity主题再邀请下模仿Windows的外观一点也不让人惊奇。
+
+但是Windows XP年长的卡通蓝边界以及过度透明的Aero Glass已经过时，当前的热门话题应该属于五彩缤纷的现代UI。
+
+Windows 8引入了一种平整，实心而且转折角度明显的主题特色，这位微软桌面操作系统带来了新鲜的感觉。[在微软其他产品中的统一的设计暗号][1]，比如Windows Phone 8以及Xbox One为用户提供了不少的相似点。
+
+Windows 8 GTK主题与其他相比它的设计语言更准确地接近来自设计它的灵感。我承认我并没有常用Windows 8从而可以对其设计方方面面十分了解，但是这个主题已经包含了它大多数的表面设计，如果通过这个评分的话，这个主题可以算成功的了。
+
+在这同时，扁平化主题并不由微软专属，类似[Iris Light, which we shared recently][2]等主题都在Linux中十分流行。
+
+###下载Linux上的Windows 8主题###
+
+从GNOME-Look上可以获取文件，将他们放在'/usr/share/theme'文件夹，然后用类似Unity Tweak的应用启用配置。
+
+
+- [Windows 8 GTK Theme on GNOME-Look][3]
+- [Windows 8 Metacity Theme on GNOME-Look][4]
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/02/windows-8-metro-gtk-theme
+
+译者：[ThomazL](https://github.com/ThomazL) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_(design_language)
+[2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/01/iris-flat-gtk-theme-for-linux
+[3]:http://gnome-look.org/content/show.php?content=158721
+[4]:http://gnome-look.org/content/show.php/Windows+8+modern+UI?content=157024

translated/ClassicMenu Indicator Rekindles Old GNOME 2 Feeling in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+Ubuntu 14.04中的经典菜单插件重燃GNOME 2旧情
+================================================================================
+**有很多用户对Unity桌面并不满意，他们认为GNOME 2菜单的解决方案才是正确的道路。经典菜单插件提供了一个可能让所有人满意的妥协**
+
+![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/ClassicMenu-Indicator-Rekindles-Old-GNOME-2-Feeling-in-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-431399-2.jpg)
+
+Unity可能是用户在反对Ubuntu中排名首位的争执，即使用户量正在不断增加，而且更多的用户开始用它，仍然有不少用户偏好GNOME 2中的菜单显示。
+
+这也是“兄弟”桌面环境产生以及为什么其他桌面环境尝试重建GNOME 2方法的原因。现在，如果你能至少对替代左上角的左上角菜单按钮的样子有所妥协，你可能会享受经典菜单插件带来的愉悦之感。
+
+好消息是，经典菜单插件的开发者也为即将到来的Ubuntu 14.04(Trusty Tahr)制作了一个小应用。如果你恰好正在用Ubuntu 14.04的development build，这个插件将会在你的系统中完美运行。
+
+你有两种方法来安装经典菜单插件，一是运行提供的deb文件，二是使用提供的PPA。我们建议你使用第二种添加PPA的做法，应为通过添加PPA用户可以摆脱手动安装，即时收到未来此应用的更新。打开终端输入以下命令(需要有root权限)：
+
+    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:diesch/testing
+    sudo apt-get update
+    sudo apt-get install classicmenu-indicator
+
+当安装成功后（应该用不了多久），你可以聪Dash中运行这个插件。幸运的是，此插件会自动将自己纳入开机启动的列表，因此你不需要手动添加它。
+
+前几天此插件有一个更新，并没有什么高大上新功能，而且很多只是对界面的修改。比如对经典菜单的子目录中的文字显示的修复，还通过更改配置增加了一些菜单项目。
+
+最新版本的经典菜单插件也实现了一个有意思的变化，就是通过使用Xfce解决了一些没有Unity的发行版(例如Xubuntu)的老问题。
+
+你也可以在官方网站上获取更多关于此[更新][1]的细节.
+
+###下载经典菜单插件0.09:###
+
+- [classicmenu-indicator_0.09_all.deb][2][ubuntu_deb] [21.80 KB]
+- [classicmenu-indicator-0.09.tar.gz][3][sources] [54.40 KB]
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/ClassicMenu-Indicator-Rekindles-Old-GNOME-2-Feeling-in-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-431399.shtml
+
+译者：[ThomazL](https://github.com/ThomazL) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[1]:http://www.florian-diesch.de/software/classicmenu-indicator/changes.html
+[2]:http://www.florian-diesch.de/software/classicmenu-indicator/dist/classicmenu-indicator_0.09_all.deb
+[3]:http://www.florian-diesch.de/software/classicmenu-indicator/dist/classicmenu-indicator-0.09.tar.gz

translated/Collectl is a powerful tool to monitor system resources on Linux.md

@@ -1,17 +1,16 @@
-translating by icybreaker
-Collectl is a powerful tool to monitor system resources on Linux
+Linux系统监控神器--Collectl
 ================================================================================
-### Monitoring system resources ###
+### 系统资源监控 ###
 
-Linux system admins often need to monitor system resources like cpu, memory, disk, network etc to make sure that the system is in a good condition. And there are plenty of commands like iotop, top, free, htop, sar etc to do the task. Today we shall take a look at a tool called collectl that can be used to measure, monitor and analyse system performance on linux.
+为使系统良好运转,Linux系统管理员经常需要监测cpu,内存,磁盘,网络等系统信息。Linux上已有iotop,top,free,htop,sar等丰富的常规工具来实现监测功能。今天让我们走进Collectl来了解这个集测试监控分析系统性能为一体的Linux工具。
 
-Collectl is a nifty little program that does a lot more than most other tools. It comes with a extensive set of options that allow users to not only measure the values of multiple different system metrics but also save the data for later analysis. Unlike other tools, which are designed to measure only a specific system parameter, collectl can monitor different parameters at the same time and report them in a suitable manner.
+Collectl作为一个轻量级的监控工具,在同类工具中是功能最全的。用户可监测不同的复杂系统矩阵值,并可保留数据以做之后的分析。不同于其他只用来监测特定系统参数的工具,Collectl可以同时监测不同的变量,并以合适的方式记录它们。
 
-From the [project website][1] ...
+来自[专题网站][1] ...
 
-> Unlike most monitoring tools that either focus on a small set of statistics, format their output in only one way, run either interatively or as a daemon but not both, collectl tries to do it all. You can choose to monitor any of a broad set of subsystems which currently include buddyinfo, cpu, disk, inodes, infiniband, lustre, memory, network, nfs, processes, quadrics, slabs, sockets and tcp.
+> 不同于或聚焦于一小组统计数据、采用唯一输出方式,或采用迭代、作为守护进程运行的大部分监测工具,collectl可以同时全部实现。用户可选择广泛子系统中的任一系统来监测包括buddyinfo,CPU,磁盘,索引节点,无线带宽,lustre,内存,网络,网络文件系统,进程,二次型,slabs,套接口及TCP等信息。
 
-Take a peek at the command before we start digging deeper.
+深入学习前让我们先看以下命令。
 
     $ collectl
     waiting for 1 second sample...
@@ -22,29 +21,29 @@ Take a peek at the command before we start digging deeper.
        1   0  1222   2647      0      0     92      3      0      2      0       1 
        1   0   763   1722      0      0     80      3      0      1      0       2
 
-The cpu usage, disk io, and network activity is being logged every second. The data is not difficult to read for those who understand it. The list keeps growing at a defined time interval and is easily loggable to a file. And collectl provides necessary options to record, search and do other useful things with the data.
+CPU使用率,磁盘输入输出和网络活动以每秒为单位来加载。对可以理解这些数据的人来说这些信息很容易读懂。这项列表在给定的时间间隔里值会持续增加并可直接形成一项文件跟踪日志。collectl工具提供了各种命令来对这些数据进行记录,查找及做其他处理。
 
-### Install collectl ###
+### 安装collectl工具 ###
 
-Ubuntu/Debian and the likes have Collectl is available in the default repositories, so just apt it.
+对Ubuntu/Debian用户来说Collectl是默认资源,所以使用apt命令便可获取。
 
     $ sudo apt-get install collectl
 
-Fedora/CentOS too have it in the repos, so grab it with yum.
+Fedora/CentOS用户使用yum命令便可获取。
 
     $ yum install collectl
 
-### Usage ###
+### 使用 ###
 
-#### Essential theory - Collectl subsystems ####
+#### 必要的理论 - Collectl子系统 ####
 
-Different types of system resources that can be measured are called subsystems. Like cpu, memory, network bandwidth and so on. If you just run the collectl command, it will show the cpu, disk and network subsystems in a batch mode output. That has already been shown above.
+子系统是可检测到的不同系统资源类型。像CPU,内存,带宽等等都可构成一个子系统。只运行collectl命令将以批处理模式输出CPU,磁盘和网络子系统信息,我们在上文已看到相关内容。
 
-According to the man page, collectl identifies the following subsystems. 
+从操作说明可以看到,Collectl可以识别以下子系统。
 
-    SUMMARY SUBSYSTEMS
+    子系统总结
 
-    b - buddy info (memory fragmentation)
+    b - buddy info (内存碎片)
     c - CPU
     d - Disk
     f - NFS V3 Data
@@ -58,12 +57,9 @@ According to the man page, collectl identifies the following subsystems.
     x - Interconnect
     y - Slabs (system object caches)
    
-    DETAIL SUBSYSTEMS
+    子系统详细列表
    
-    This is the set of detail data from which in most cases the corresponding summary data is derived.  There are currently 2 types that
-    do not have corresponding summary data and those are "Environmental" and "Process".  So, if one has 3 disks  and  chooses  -sd,  one
-    will  only  see a single total taken across all 3 disks.  If one chooses -sD, individual disk totals will be reported but no totals.
-    Choosing -sdD will get you both.
+    这是一组详细信息,大部分情况下都会由相应的总结数据衍生出来。目前“环境变量”和“进程”2类没有相应的总结数据。如果有3个磁盘,选择-sd,将只会看到3个磁盘组合出的单一信息。如果选择-sD,将会分别显示各磁盘信息。
 
     C - CPU
     D - Disk
@@ -78,11 +74,11 @@ According to the man page, collectl identifies the following subsystems.
     Y - Slabs (system object caches)
     Z - Processes
 
-To monitor and measure a particular subsystem use the "-s" option and add the subsytem identifier to it. Now lets try out a few examples.
+使用“-s”来监测特定的子系统并向其添加子系统的识别项。现在让我们举几个例子。
 
-##$# 1. Monitor cpu usage ####
+#### 1. 监测cpu使用率 ####
 
-To monitor just the summary of cpu usage use "-sc"
+用“-sc”实现CPU总使用率的监测
 
     $ collectl -sc
     waiting for 1 second sample...
@@ -91,12 +87,12 @@ To monitor just the summary of cpu usage use "-sc"
        3   0  1800   3729 
        3   0  1767   3599
 
-To observe each cpu individually, use "C". It will output multiple lines together, one for each cpu.
-
+使用“-C”观察各个单独的CPU使用情况。结果将会输出多行,分别对应一个CPU。
     $ collectl -sC
     waiting for 1 second sample...
     
     # SINGLE CPU STATISTICS
+
     #   Cpu  User Nice  Sys Wait IRQ  Soft Steal Idle
           0     3    0    0    0    0    0     0   96
           1     3    0    0    0    0    0     0   96
@@ -107,11 +103,11 @@ To observe each cpu individually, use "C". It will output multiple lines togethe
           2     1    0    0    0    0    0     0   98
           3     4    0    1    0    0    0     0   95
 
-Using the C and c option together will fetch you both individual measures and the summary stats in a mmore comprehensive manner, if you need.
+如果需要,可以同时使用C和c来获取单项CPU监测数据和汇总数据。
 
-#### 2. Monitor memory ####
+#### 2. 内存监测 ####
 
-Use the m subsystem to check the memory
+使用m子系统查看内存。
 
     $ collectl -sm
     waiting for 1 second sample...
@@ -121,22 +117,23 @@ Use the m subsystem to check the memory
        2G 220M   1G   1G 210M   3G 
        2G 220M   1G   1G 210M   3G
 
-Should not be difficult to interpret.
-The M option would give further details about the memory.
+不难解释。
+M用来查看更多内存的详细信息。
 
     $ collectl -sM
     waiting for 1 second sample...
 
     # MEMORY STATISTICS 
+
     # Node    Total     Used     Free     Slab   Mapped     Anon   Locked    Inact Hit%
          0    7975M    5939M    2036M  215720K  372184K        0    6652K    1434M    0
          0    7975M    5939M    2036M  215720K  372072K        0    6652K    1433M    0
 
-Does that look similar to what free reports ?
+这类似于免费报告吗？
 
-#### 3. Check disk usage ####
+#### 3. 查看磁盘使用情况 ####
 
-The d and D options provide the summary and details on disk usage.
+d和D可以查看磁盘使用的概况和详细情况。
 
     $ collectl -sd
     waiting for 1 second sample...
@@ -156,13 +153,13 @@ The d and D options provide the summary and details on disk usage.
     sda              1      0    2    1      17      1    5    3       2     2     6      2    1
     sda              0      0    0    0      92     11    5   18      18     1    12     12    5
 
-Another option that provides extended information is the "--verbose" option. It expands the summary to include more information but is not identical to using D.
+“--verbose”命令可以用来查看附加信息。和D命令不同,它将概况扩展,包含了更多信息。
 
     $ collectl -sd --verbose
 
-#### 4. Report multiple systems together ####
+#### 4. 同时报告多系统情况 ####
 
-So lets say you want a report of cpu, memory and disk io together, then use the subsystems together.
+如果想要同时得到CPU,内存和磁盘报告,那么同时使用子命令组合来实现。
 
     $ collectl -scmd
     waiting for 1 second sample...
@@ -171,9 +168,9 @@ So lets say you want a report of cpu, memory and disk io together, then use the
        4   0  2187   4334   1G 221M   1G   1G 210M   3G      0      0      0      0 
        3   0  1896   4065   1G 221M   1G   1G 210M   3G      0      0     20      5
 
-#### 5. Display time with the stats ####
+#### 5. 显示统计时间 ####
 
-To display the time in each line along with the measurements, use the T option. And over that, to specify options, you need to use the "-o" switch.
+若要将每行的监测信息和时间一同显示,使用T命令。为指定命令,前面需加“-o”来转换。
 
     $ collectl -scmd -oT
     waiting for 1 second sample...
@@ -183,11 +180,11 @@ To display the time in each line along with the measurements, use the T option.
     12:03:06    3   0  1884   3810   1G 225M   1G   1G 212M   3G      0      0      0      0 
     12:03:07    3   0  2011   4060   1G 225M   1G   1G 212M   3G      0      0      0      0
 
-You could also display the time in milliseconds with "-oTm".
+使用“-oTm”可将时间换成毫秒显示。
 
-#### 6. Change sample count ####
+#### 6. 改变样本计数 ####
 
-Every row the collectl reports is a snapshot or sample. And it takes these snapshots at regular intervals, say 1 second. The i option sets the interval and c option sets the sample count.
+collectl报告的每行都是一份快照或样本,它通常设定定期间隔如1秒来取样。i可用来设置时间间隔,c用来设置样本计数。
 
     $ collectl -c1 -sm
     waiting for 1 second sample...
@@ -195,7 +192,7 @@ Every row the collectl reports is a snapshot or sample. And it takes these snaps
     #Free Buff Cach Inac Slab  Map 
        1G 261M   1G   1G 228M   3G
 
-To change interval use the i options
+使用i命令可改变时间间隔。
 
     $ collectl -sm -i2
     waiting for 2 second sample...
@@ -203,15 +200,15 @@ To change interval use the i options
     #Free Buff Cach Inac Slab  Map 
        1G 261M   1G   1G 229M   3G
 
-The above command would collect memory stats every 2 seconds.
+上面的命令设定每2秒收集一次内存信息。
 
-#### 7. Use collectl like iotop ####
+#### 7. 像iotop一样使用collectl ####
 
-Out of the plenty options, the "top" option makes collectl report process-wise statistics much like iostat/top commands. The list is continuously updated and can be sorted on a number of fields.
+top命令将collectl像iostat/top工具一样进行智能统计。列表会持续更新,且可以使用不同字段实现排序。
 
     $ collectl --top iokb
 
-The output looks like this
+输出如下
 
     # TOP PROCESSES sorted by iokb (counters are /sec) 09:44:57
     # PID  User     PR  PPID THRD S   VSZ   RSS CP  SysT  UsrT Pct  AccuTime  RKB  WKB MajF MinF Command
@@ -225,21 +222,21 @@ The output looks like this
         8  root     20     2    0 S     0     0  2  0.00  0.00   0  00:00.00    0    0    0    0 rcu_bh 
         9  root     20     2    0 S     0     0  0  0.00  0.00   0  00:00.00    0    0    0    0 rcuob/0
 
-The output is very similar to the top command and it sorts the process by the amount of disk io in descending order.
+上面的输出很像top命令,并且它以磁盘数量降序排列进程。
 
-To display only top 5 processes use it as follows
+若只想显示上面的5项进程,可用以下命令实现
 
     $ collectl --top iokb,5
 
-To learn about what fields the above list can be sorted, use the following command
+若想学习上面的列表里哪些字段可以排序,使用如下命令
 
     $ collectl --showtopopts
-    The following is a list of --top's sort types which apply to either
-    process or slab data.  In some cases you may be allowed to sort
-    by a field that is not part of the display if you so desire
-    
+   
+    下面是应用于进程或数据的最高排序类型列表。某些情况下你可能会使用某一字段进行排序,但它并非显示的一部分。
+
     TOP PROCESS SORT FIELDS
-    
+    进程排序字段
+
     Memory
       vsz    virtual memory
       rss    resident (physical) memory
@@ -292,13 +289,13 @@ To learn about what fields the above list can be sorted, use the following comma
       totpct    percent change in memory sizes
       name      slab names
 
-#### 8. Use collectl like top ####
+#### 8. 像top一样使用collectl ####
 
-To make collectl report like top, we just have to report processes ordered by the cpu usage.
+为使collectl像top,我们只需以CPU使用率排序输出进程。
 
     $ collectl --top
 
-The output should be like this
+输出如下
 
     # TOP PROCESSES sorted by time (counters are /sec) 14:08:46
     # PID  User     PR  PPID THRD S   VSZ   RSS CP  SysT  UsrT Pct  AccuTime  RKB  WKB MajF MinF Command
@@ -310,21 +307,20 @@ The output should be like this
      1186  root     20  1152    4 S  502M   76M  0  0.00  0.01   1  03:02.96    0    0    0    0 /usr/bin/X 
      1334  www-data 20  1329    0 S   87M    1M  2  0.00  0.01   1  00:00.85    0    0    0    0 nginx:
 
-You can also display sub system information along with the above
+上面的命令也可用于显示子系统信息。
 
     $ collectl --top -scm
 
-#### 9. List processes like ps ####
-
-To just list out the processes like ps command, without updating continously, just set the sample count to 1 with the "c" options
+#### 9. 像ps一样列出进程 ####
 
+为像ps命令一样列出所有进程且没有后续更新,用“c”命令让其计数至1.
     $ collectl -c1 -sZ -i:1
 
-The above command will list out all the processes much like "ps -e". The 'procfilt' option can be used to filter out specific processes from the process. The 'procopts' option can be used to specify another set of options for fine tune the process list display.
+上面的命令将会列出类似“ps -e”命令的所有进程。“procfilt”用于从所有进程中过滤出特定的进程信息。“procopts”用于指定另一组微调进程列表显示的命令。
 
-#### 10. Use collectl like vmstat ####
+#### 10. 像vmstat一样使用collectl ####
 
-Collectl has got a direct option to make it behave like vmstat
+Collectl有内置命令来完成像vmstat一样的功能。
 
     $ collectl --vmstat
     waiting for 1 second sample...
@@ -334,9 +330,9 @@ Collectl has got a direct option to make it behave like vmstat
       1  0      0  1733M   242M  1922M  1137M   710M    0    0     0     0 1906  3886  1  0  98  0
       1  0      0  1733M   242M  1922M  1137M   710M    0    0     0     0 1739  3480  3  0  96  0
 
-#### 11. Detailed information about subsystems ####
+#### 11. 子系统的详细信息 ####
 
-The following command would collect "5 samples" of CPU statistics at "1 second" interval and print detailed information (verbose) along with the time.
+下面的命令以一秒为间隔统计5次CPU信息并和时间一起显示出详细信息（冗长）。
 
     $ collectl -sc -c5 -i1 --verbose -oT
     waiting for 1 second sample...
@@ -349,23 +345,22 @@ The following command would collect "5 samples" of CPU statistics at "1 second"
     14:22:13     15     0     0     0     0     0     0    84     4  1241   2429     0   866     1   0.78  0.86  0.78    1    0
     14:22:14     11     0     0     0     0     0     0    88     4  1270   2488     0   866     0   0.80  0.87  0.78    0    0
 
-Change the "-s" parameter to view a different subsystem.
+改变"-s"变量查看不同的子系统。
 
-### Summary ###
+### 总结 ###
 
-The post so far was just a bird's view of this amazing tool called collectl. It should have given a fair idea of how flexible it is. The discussion however leaves out various other features of collectl which include the ability to record and "playback" the captured data, export data for various file formats and data formats that can be used with external tools for analysis etc.
+本文的介绍不过是对collectl这个强大工具的一些浅见。本文本希望展示它有多灵活,其实通过以上的讨论仍让我们了解了包括记录及回寻捕获的数据,以多种文件格式导出数据并将数据转换为可被广泛的工具分析的格式等等功能的实现。
 
-Another major feature that collectl supports is running as a service that allows for remote monitoring making it a perfect tool for keeping a watch on resources of remote linux machines or an entire server cluster.
+collectl提供的另一大功能便是像服务器一样运行,对远程Linux机器或完整的服务器集群提供远程监控,其表现堪称完美。
 
-Collectl is accompanied with an additional set of tools named [Collectl Utils][2] (colmux, colgui, colplot) that can be used to process and analyse the data collected. May be we shall take a look at those in another post.
-
-Check the man page to learn more about the options. I would also recommend checking out the [FAQs][3] to get a quick idea about collectl. Next, read up the [collectl documentation][4] for more indepth examples to get beyond the basics. There is also a [command equivalence matrix][5] which maps the more common commands like sar, iostat, netstat, top with their collectl equivalents.
+Collectl同另一批可用于处理分析收集的数据名为[Collectl实用工具][2] (colmux, colgui, colplot)的功能相契合。如果有机会,我们在之后的文章中会介绍它们。
 
+为更详细的了解Collectl工具,请登录主页来学习更多的功能。笔者建议查看[FAQs][3]来快速了解collectl,读取[collectl文档][4]获取深层次的例子。[等价命令矩阵][5]也可定位至更多的像sar,iostat,netstat,top等和collectl功能部分等价的常用工具。
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 via: http://www.binarytides.com/collectl-monitor-system-resources-linux/
 
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/icybreaker) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
 
 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
 

translated/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Fix Black Screen In Ubuntu Guest With VirtualBox Screen Capture.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+日常Ubuntu小技巧-修复在VirtualBox截屏时的黑屏
+================================================================================
+
+VirtualBox是一个可以让你在一台物理主机上运行多个系统的软件。它支持Windows,Mac OS X 和Linux 并且是Oracle公司在维护它。
+
+我们在这里写了很多关于VirtualBox的文章，你可以做一个快速的查找来查看所有关于VirtualBox的文章。
+
+现在，这里有一个故事：VirtualBox有一个功能，允许用户快速的截取虚拟机会话的屏幕截图。这些截图可以通过黏贴板和宿主机共享。
+
+这就是我们这里要说的了。这项截图的功能将不能够正常的工作，当某一个Ubuntu 虚拟机中的功能被允许。这种现象一直是一个痛点，直到最近我们偶然发现了这个解决方法。
+
+如果不采取我们发现的这个方法，当你在Ubuntu的虚拟机里面截完屏幕之后，截屏的图片将会被存储成全黑的文件，这样的文件会毫无用处。
+
+我一直在苦苦寻找解决方法，但是一直都没有好运气，直到刚刚。
+
+为了开启Ubuntu下的虚拟机和宿主机之间的双向黏贴板，在Ubuntu虚拟机上面点击 “设置”，之后找到，“普通->高级标签”，开启并且开启它。
+![](http://www.liberiangeek.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/virtualboxsharedclipboard.png)
+
+
+现在，理论上，当你开启Ubuntu的虚拟机之后，按下“截屏键”，或者按下“Ctrl+截屏键”，虚拟机就应该为当前的桌面会话来张截屏。
+
+之后你就可以通过在宿主机上面使用黏贴板的功能来看到那些图片了。
+
+但是如果你同时启用了Ubuntu虚拟机中的“3D 加速”功能，那些图片将会变得漆黑一片。
+
+为了不让这种事情发生，你必须关闭Ubuntu虚拟机的3D加速功能。
+
+关闭3D加速功能可以这样做：在Ubuntu虚拟机种点击“设置”，之后找到“系统->显示->显卡”标签，关闭3D加速
+![](http://www.liberiangeek.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/virtualboxsharedclipboard1.png)
+
+
+现在你必须在Ubuntu的虚拟机中设置关闭3D加速才能让截屏正常工作。现在打开一个虚拟机尝试来截个屏幕吧。
+
+希望这个方法能够帮到你
+
+希望你喜欢！
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2014/02/daily-ubuntu-tips-fix-black-screen-in-ubuntu-guest-with-virtualbox-screen-capture/
+
+译者：[FineFan](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

translated/Easily Switch Audio Sources With Sound Switcher Indicator In Ubuntu.md

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+在Ubuntu内使用声音切换器简单切换音频源
+================================================================================
+![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Sound_switcher_Indicator.jpeg)
+
+声音切换器是由[Dmitry Kann][1]开发的小程序。这个程序的目的很简单，让你在不同的音频源如喇叭、耳机和HDMI之间点击两下鼠标就能切换。
+
+你可能会说“没什么大不了”。毕竟它不是火箭科学。你可以进入**系统设置> 声音设定** 并且可以简单地选择你想要的输入输出源。**声音切换器**没有做新的或者Ubuntu没有提供的功能，它只是简化整个过程。我想这可能是为什么这个没有列在[最佳Ubuntu指示器程序][2]中的原因。
+
+
+你多久需要改变音频源？对于我来说，我不得不在每次从外部监视器的HDMI获取声音时切换音频源。并且我不得不在拔掉HDMI线时重新这么做。这个小程序指示器对于像我这样经常切换音频源又懒的人是很方便的。![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_razz.gif)
+
+### 在Ubuntu中安装音频切换器: ###
+
+打开一个终端并且使用下面的命令在Ubuntu中安装音频切换器：
+
+    sudo apt-add-repository ppa:yktooo/ppa
+    sudo apt-get update
+    sudo apt-get install indicator-sound-switcher
+
+#### 重要提示: ####
+
+音频切换器不会自动启动。为了自动启动，你要把它加到**启动程序**中。打开**启动程序**并点击**添加**。这里，给它一个名字，比如就称声音切换器，并是在**命令**部分使用 “indicator-sound-switcher”(没有引号)。如果你在加入启动程序遇到问题时请告诉我。
+
+你认为音频切换器怎么样？像这样的小程序对用户有好处么？让我们知道你的看法。
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://itsfoss.com/sound-switcher-indicator-ubuntu/
+
+译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[1]:http://yktoo.com/about
+[2]:http://itsfoss.com/7-best-indicator-applets-for-ubuntu-13-10/
+[3]:http://itsfoss.com/how-to-fix-no-sound-through-hdmi-in-external-monitor-in-ubuntu/

translated/GitHub's New Atom Text Editor Is Open Source, Sort Of, Though Not Really.md

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+GitHub的Atom文本编辑器算得上是开源的，但并不完全是
+================================================================================
+**GitHub有一个新的并算不上完全开源的文本编辑器，当然没人在意这个。**
+
+Samuel Greenwald [要求][1]认为“任何IT领袖如果无法把握一个开源的心态那注定会失败的。”这也许是真的，人们可以原谅不完全的开源，考虑到许可的怪异，即使是最开源的在精明的我们中间可以通过。
+
+对于GitHub，例如。 GitHub刚刚发布的[Atom][2]文本编辑器获得了很多的赞叹。虽然[一些赞美Atom][3]为“完全开源，”但它不是。还差得远。
+
+### 开源的种类和排序 ###
+
+这并不是说GitHub把Atom伪装为开源。不是所有的吧，反正。作为GitHub的联合创始人Tom Preston-Werner规定，只有“Atom core”代码将被封闭源代码，而“所有现有下的Atom其余代码将永远遵守MIT-licensed。”原因是纯粹的商业，他[解释][4]：
+
+> Atom将不会封闭源代码，但它也不会开源。它将介于两者之间，因此很容易让我们对Atom进行贡献，同时仍然在根据限制性许可使用的来源，这样你可以看到一切正常。我们还没有最终决定究竟如何进行工作呢。我们将在充分的细节准备后正式启动。
+
+早在开源的初期，我们并不是使用这个名字。事实上，微软做到了。它被称为“共享源代码”。 [于2002年推出][5]，共享源代码是给它一个社区的方式来看待，但没有触及（或重新分配），微软的代码，微软的方式。对微软来说它没有这么好，作为SAP的大数据主管Vijay Vijayasankar提醒我们，但GitHub上可能会做的更好：
+
+> [@dberkholz][6]我记得在OSI偷看批评MS相当严重，这是一个营销噱头。但GitHub上可能会使好吗这个时候 
+> — Vijay Vijayasankar (@vijayasankarv) [2014年2月27日][7]
+
+他也许是对的。
+
+### GitHub的生成不能被打扰 ###
+
+微软毕竟是邪恶帝国，涂抹开源为“毒瘤”，等等。 GitHub？这是无处不在的开源项目的养父母。 [2013年][8] GitHub上突破千万代码库和300万新用户，狂热的每周活动：20,000问题，50,000评论，和250,000推由世界各地的贡献者保证代码库进展。
+
+GitHub的是，换句话说，地面零开源。
+
+也许正因为如此，GitHub的是得到一个免费通行证。在[HackerNews评论][9]上，[少数似乎太在意][10]认为GitHub上没有真正开源Atom。作为一个社区，开源已经在很大程度上战胜了免费软件：少教条，更实用。我们已经走到如此地步，许多所谓的“GitHub的一代”[甚至懒得将许可证分配给他们的软件在所有][11]。
+
+这是好事吗？
+
+这很难说，甚至难以争辩给出GitHub上的做法，它似乎并没有伤害任何人，并有可能通过给世界一个高品质，低成本的文本编辑器来帮助很多人。开源社区是越来越自由意志论者：不太可能规定许可和更关心的是良好的代码和良好的产品。
+
+这就是为什么GitHub上，Atlassian的和Amazon的Web服务，都依赖于专有软件或服务来赚钱，也可以如此惊人受开源开发者的欢迎。
+
+你了解了吗？
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://readwrite.com/2014/02/28/github-atom-text-editor#feed=/hack&awesm=~oxpErHVIIaxz3H
+
+译者：[乌龙茶](https://github.com/yechunxiao19) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[1]:http://www.cioinsight.com/blogs/open-source-has-changed-everything.html#sthash.ESY4Kc3r.u8rX81Ow.dpuf
+[2]:https://github.com/atom
+[3]:http://thenextweb.com/apps/2014/02/26/github-releases-text-editor-coders-named-atom/#!xHNqf
+[4]:http://discuss.atom.io/t/why-is-atom-closed-source/82/8
+[5]:http://www.geek.com/news/microsoft-rep-clarifies-shared-source-initiative-550824/
+[6]:https://twitter.com/dberkholz
+[7]:https://twitter.com/vijayasankarv/statuses/438882094429642752
+[8]:http://octoverse.github.com/
+[9]:https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7302941
+[10]:https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7310017
+[11]:http://readwrite.com/2013/05/15/open-source-is-old-school-says-the-github-generation#awesm=~ox6tkvcaUwiEF0

translated/How To Block A Website In Ubuntu.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+如何在Ubuntu中屏蔽一个网站
+================================================================================
+![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/block-websites.jpg)
+
+亲爱的**ubuntu**极客们，
+
+在本教程中我将教你如何通过编辑**/etc/hosts**文件来屏蔽在Ubuntu Linux上不受欢迎的网站，这是用来处理DNS和Linux网络的系统文件。
+
+我很喜欢这种方法，因为我不需要依靠第三方应用程序，这是非常容易使用的。您需要做的就是在**/etc/hosts文件**文件中做一个简单的变化。
+
+请确保您有使用此方法时在机器上处于root用户访问状态，因为**/etc/hosts文件**文件由root用户拥有的，所以它不能被不被普通用户编辑。
+
+你需要在**/etc/hosts**文件中编辑什么那？
+
+root权限和一个文本编辑器。
+
+在本教程中我将用我喜欢的文本编辑器，vim。好了，打开一个新的终端（**CTRL+ALT+T**），然后运行下面的命令来打开/etc/hosts文件进行编辑。
+
+    vim /etc/hosts
+
+添加下面这行
+
+    127.0.0.1   domain.com
+
+更换domain.com为你要屏蔽的网站，你完成了编辑处理后，保存该文件并退出。
+
+现在是时候来测试该方法是否成功了。尝试访问你屏蔽的网站。
+
+我的表弟是沉迷于Facebook的社交网络，每次他发现我的笔记本电脑的时候，他就打开它，并去facebook.com陪陪他的朋友。
+
+我应该怎么做那？
+
+我编辑**/etc/hosts**文件，这样他想访问的网站就像已关闭了一样。
+
+您也可以使用这个方法来保护孩子免受互联网成人内容的危害，如色情和恐怖电影。
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://www.unixmen.com/block-website-ubuntu/
+
+译者：[乌龙茶](https://github.com/yechunxiao19) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

translated/How To Install Google Keep In Ubuntu 13.10 [Quick Tip].md

@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-快速技巧——如何在 Ubuntu 13.10 上安装 Google Keep
-================================================================================
-
-![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Google-keep-logo.jpg)
-
-最近, Google Keep 已经成为我在 Android 最喜欢用的笔记应用。而在 Ubuntu 的工作中, 我同样想做一些快速笔记。既然 Google Keep 可以在设备间同步, 这样 **在 Ubuntu 上安装 Google Keep ** 也有意义了。在这个快速技巧中,我会向你展示如何在 Ubuntu 13.10 或者其它 Linux 发行版上安装 Google Keep。
-
-如果你是一个 Google Chrome 用户,你可能知道 Google 的'桌面应用'。可以在 Chrome 在线商店的**桌面**集合中找到很多应用。不像运行在浏览器的常规 Chrome 应用,这些'桌面应用'独立运行,像桌面应用那样。我们会看见如何将这个新的特性以原生 Ubuntu 应用形式安装 chrome 应用。
-
-### 在 Ubuntu 13.10 上安装 Google Keep: ###
-
-尽管我在这里用 Google Keep 为例子, 你可以使用相同的流程来安装其它应用,像[Any.do][1]或者[Pocket][2](从你的桌面应用集合中)。非常明显**你必须在你的系统中安装了 Chrome 浏览器**。它或许无法工作在 Chromium 浏览器中。
-
-### 步骤 1: ###
-
-新建一个 Chrome 标签页步骤。进入 Chrome 在线商店并安装 Google Keep。
-
-### 步骤 2: ###
-
-在新的标签页中,**右击** Google Keep 图标并选择 **创建快捷方式**。
-
-![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Install_Google_keep_Ubuntu.jpeg)
-
-### 步骤 3: ###
-
-选择桌面和应用菜单。
-
-![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Install_Google_Keep_Ubuntu_2.png)
-
-就是这样.实际上很简单.你现在可以在 Unity Dash 中找到 Google Keep 并锁定到 launcher。即使你没有运行 Chrome,你可以像其它的 Ubuntu 程序那样简单地运行 Google Keep。
-
-![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Install_Google_keep_Ubuntu_3.jpeg)
-
-很酷,不是么? Google 也正在计划移植 Google App Launcher 到 Linux 中。很快我们就可以使用 Google Now 桌面应用了，目前只能运用于开发渠道。
-
-想象一下这些,我在想为什么 Google 还没有为 Linux 开发远程 Google Drive 客户端。当然这里有一些第三方程序，像[ SyncDrive 用来同步 Google Drive，就像 Ubuntu 中的 Dropbox 那样][3],但是如果有一款官方程序就更好了。
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: http://itsfoss.com/install-google-keep-ubuntu-1310/
-
-译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
-
-[1]:http://www.any.do/ 
-[2]:http://getpocket.com/
-[3]:http://itsfoss.com/sync-multiple-google-drive-dropbox-syncdrive-ubuntu/
-[4]:
-[5]:
-[6]:
-[7]:
-[8]:
-[9]:
-[10]:
-[11]:

translated/How to Wipe Free Disk Space in Linux.md

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+在 Linux 中擦除可用的磁盘空间
+================================================================================
+![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/How-to-Wipe-Free-Disk-Space-in-Linux-429965-2.jpg)
+
+**下面的教程将教会所有的 Linux 用户关于如何安全的擦除可用的硬盘驱动器（HDD）、固态硬盘驱动器（SSD）以及 USB 闪存驱动器空间，以使任何人都不能恢复被删除的文件。**
+
+是否有注意到，当你从系统中删除了一个文件，也可以是从回收站中删除，它就会在文件系统中消失，但是，该文件实际上并未消失，它驻留在你的磁盘驱动器的可用空间中，仍然可以用数据恢复应用程序恢复回来。
+
+这篇教程会提供两种方法。第一种是使用一款名叫 Wipe Free Space 的应用程序，它是由波兰开发者 Bogdan Drozdowski 开发的。第二种方法会使用众所周知的 BleachBit 软件。
+
+虽然 BleachBit 是一款图形应用程序，Wipe Free Spac 是一款命令行软件，但开发者也提供了易用的图形用户界面（GUI），即使初级用户也可以容易使用，用来安全的擦除他们磁盘的可用空间。
+
+> 选编者注：在继续往下之前，最好知道应用程序会擦除未被使用的簇和块上的可用空间，也会擦除使用过的块上的所谓“闲置空间”，即删除文件和其他任意数据后可以做相应的文件恢复的空间。
+
+### 方法 1 - Wipe Free Space & Wipe Free Space GUI ###
+
+从你的 Linux 发布版本的默认软件源仓库中可以很容易的就安装上 Wipe Free Space 命令行应用程序。可以使用基于 RPM 的 Linux 发行版二进制包，也可以直接用源代码来编译安装。
+
+安装完成后，可以从[这儿][1]下载图形用户界面前端程序，保存在 home 目录下，解压缩，然后双击 run.sh （或者在终端窗口下执行 sh run.sh 命令）文件就可以打开。
+
+应用程序打开后，你需要把到 wipefreespace 目录的可执行文件路径添加进来，所以点击“浏览”按钮，到 /usr/bin/ 下查找。然后添加要被擦除的文件系统。
+
+确保已经勾选了窗口左边的 "Wipe only with zeros" 选项。如果你需要勾选更多的选项，首先请查看手册来了解怎么使用，因为他们可能会使你的驱动器崩溃。现在，请点击“开始擦除”按钮开始执行。
+
+### 方法 2 - BleachBit ###
+
+是最容易的方法，建议初级用户使用。从你的 Linux 发布版本的默认软件源仓库中很容易的就可以安装 BleachBit 应用程序。打开它，请确保您在侧边栏上的系统部分选中“可用磁盘空间”选项。点击“清除”按钮开始执行。 
+
+![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/How-to-Wipe-Free-Disk-Space-in-Linux-429965-3.jpg)
+
+*BleachBit 的可用空间选项*
+
+整个擦除操作会进行很长时间。在主窗口上你可以看到详细的进度。如果你在这篇教程中遇到问题，别犹豫，在下面做评论。
+
+Wipe Free Space GUI 0.5 下载:
+
+- [Wipe Free Space GUI 0.5 tar.gz][2][binary] [210 KB]
+- [Wipe Free Space GUI 0.5 tar.gz][3][sources] [380 KB]
+
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/How-to-Wipe-Free-Disk-Space-in-Linux-429965.shtml
+
+译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[1]:http://linux.softpedia.com/get/System/System-Administration/Wipe-Free-Space-GUI-50722.shtml
+[2]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/wipefreespace/files/wipefreespace-gui-java/0.5/WipeFreeSpaceGUI-java-bin-0.5.tar.gz/download
+[3]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/wipefreespace/files/wipefreespace-gui-java/0.5/WipeFreeSpaceGUI-java-src-0.5.tar.gz/download

translated/How to set up RainLoop webmail in Ubuntu server.md

@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
-如何在Ubuntu server中设置RainLoop网页邮件
+如何在 Ubuntu server 中设置 RainLoop 网页邮件
 ================================================================================
-网页邮件无疑是任何邮件服务器必不可少的一部分。而本地邮件客户端通常比网页邮件有更多的功能，通过电子邮件客户端从外部可信的网络访问IMAP或SMTP有时会很棘手。再则，当你需要一个特定的工作站，笔记本电脑，或移动设备去使用一个电子邮件客户端，你可以通过任何地方使用网页邮件服务，只要你接入互联网。
+网页邮件无疑是任何邮件服务器必不可少的一部分。而本地邮件客户端通常比网页邮件的功能更多，通过电子邮件客户端从外部可信的网络访问IMAP或SMTP有时会很棘手。再则，当你需要一个特定的工作站、笔记本电脑或者移动设备去使用一个电子邮件客户端，你可以在任何地方使用网页邮件服务，只要你接入互联网。
 
-本文将重点关注在一个运行Apache的Ubuntu服务器上设置[RainLoop][1]网页邮件。RainLoop是基于PHP的网页邮件，并且有一下功能。
+本教程的重点是在一个运行 Apache 的 Ubuntu 服务器上设置[RainLoop][1]网页邮件。RainLoop 是基于 PHP 的网页邮件，并且有以下功能。
 
-- 支持apache，nginx和其他网页服务。
-- 标准接口补充了一个画廊主题可供选择。
-- 为个人和非盈利项目免费使用。 
+- 支持apache，nginx和其它网页服务器。
+- 标准接口补充了一个主题库可供选择。
+- 个人和非盈利项目可免费使用。 
 
-在写这篇文章时，RainLoop还不支持邮件过滤和不在公司时的自动回复。
+在写这篇文章时，RainLoop 还不支持邮件过滤和不在公司时的自动回复。
 
-### 在Ubuntu服务器上安装RainLoop ###
+### 在 Ubuntu 服务器上安装 RainLoop ###
 
 首先，在服务器上设置必备的软件包。
 
     # apt-get install wget unzip apache2 php5 php5-mysql libmysqlclient15-dev mysql-server poppassd 
 
-接下来，下载和安装RainLoop。
+接下来，下载和安装 RainLoop。
 
     # mkdir /var/www/webmail
     # cd /var/www/webmail
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@
     # find . -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;
     # chown –R www-data:www-data /var/www/webmail 
 
-我们几乎已经准备好使用RainLoop。最后，通过管理面板进调整，接下来会有详细描述。
+我们马上就可以使用 RainLoop 了。最后，通过管理面板进行调整，接下来会有详细描述。
 
 ### 通过管理面板首次配置 ###
 
-很多配置参数用界面友好的管理面板就能调整。使用以下凭证进入管理面板。
+很多配置参数通过一款界面友好的管理面板就能调整。使用以下凭证进入管理面板。
 
 1. URL: http://IP/webmail/?admin
 1. user: admin
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
 
 ### 增加域 ###
 
-在管理面板>域>增加域页面设置有效的域。建议服务器IP是本地服务器，如127.0.0.1。基于服务器配置，RainLoop可以配置使用IMAP/IMAPS或SMTP/SMTPS。并且，确认‘使用短登录表单’复选框已勾选。
+在 管理面板> 域> 增加域 页面设置有效的域。建议服务器 IP 是本地服务器，如 127.0.0.1。基于服务器配置，RainLoop 可以配置使用 IMAP/IMAPS 或 SMTP/SMTPS。并且，确认‘使用短登录表单’复选框已勾选。
 
 ![](http://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/12603680854/)
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
 
 ### 启用联系人 ###
 
-联系人功能需要数据库支持。我们将为联系人使用MySQL数据库。RainLoop可以手动创建所需的数据库，如下。
+联系人功能需要数据库支持。我们将使用 MySQL 数据库启用联系人。RainLoop 可以手动创建所需的数据库，如下。
 
     # mysql -u root -p 
 
@@ -68,17 +68,17 @@
 
 ### 启动密码更改插件 ###
 
-在多数linux的邮件账户的邮件服务器是用自己的UID和GID的操作系统的实际用户。因此，在过去更改这些账户的密码是很棘手的。幸好，今天有工具可以完成这个工作。这样的一个工具是poppassd。
+在多数 linux 的邮件账户的邮件服务器是用自己的 UID 和 GID 操作系统的实际用户。因此，在过去更改这些账户的密码是很棘手的。幸好，今天有工具可以完成这个工作。这个工具是 poppassd。
 
-第一步是在服务器上安装poppassd，可以用apt-get。
+第一步是在服务器上安装 poppassd，可以用 apt-get 来完成。
 
     # apt-get install poppassd 
 
-接下来，去允许RainLoop使用poppassd，从管理面板>软件包页面安装RainLoop插件poppassd。
+接下来，去允许 RainLoop 使用 poppassd，从 管理面板> 软件包 页面安装 RainLoop 插件 poppassd。
 
 ![](http://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/12603357113/)
 
-最后，poppassd插件可以从管理面板>插件页面启用。
+最后，poppassd 插件可以从 管理面板> 插件页面启用。
 
 ![](http://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/12603681254/)
 
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@
 
 via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/02/rainloop-webmail-ubuntu-server.html
 
-译者：[Vito](https://github.com/vito-L) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+译者：[Vito](https://github.com/vito-L) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
 
 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
 

translated/Interesting facts about Raspberry Pi.md

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+树莓派有趣的事实
+================================================================================
+树莓派上周庆祝了它的第二个生日。自从在2012.2.29初次登台以来，树莓派已经引导了一代新的微型，便宜，的独板电脑。大量基于树莓派的DIY项目想法通过网络涌现，并且在开发世界中有许多使用案例将树莓派作为低成本学习媒介。为了庆祝它的第二个生日，我会在这篇文章中分享几个**树莓派有趣的事实**
+
+![](http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2207/12961865855_b022bf59dd_z.jpg)
+
+1. [100,000 块树莓派板子][1] 在发行首日售出, 并且现在已有超过 [250万块板子][2] 在世界范围内售出.
+
+2. 首批树莓派在中国台湾制造, 但是现在所有在售的板子在 [英国制造][3].
+
+3. 树莓派可以超频 (通过进入所谓的 [turbo 模式][4]). 你可以修改 [overclocking/overvolting options][5] 或者在运行时使用raspi-config工具, 或者在启动时修改启动参数/boot/config.txt. 改变 overclocking/overvolting 选项不会影响你的保修.
+
+4. 树莓派不带MPEG-2解码器。 增加一个MPEG-2/VC-1编码授权会[增加10%的板子价格][6]. 因此, 你可以在你需要的时候再 [购买 MPEG-2/VC-1 序列号][7]。购买的序列号与你的树莓派绑定在一起。
+
+5. 你 [不可以树莓派上(ARMv6)运行Windows 8][8],因为 Windows 8 要求ARMv7或者更高级的处理器。同样地, 你不可以在树莓派上运行Ubuntu因为Ubuntu只支持 [ARMv7 后者更高][9].
+
+6. 树莓派(Raspberry Pi)[原始][10]的名字是: "树莓"(Raspberry),这起源于以前对于微处理器以水果命名的传统. "派"(Pi)指的是 "Python" 因为Python是第一个移植到树莓派的程序.
+
+7. [树莓派logo][11]中的树莓实际上是一个3D [富勒烯][12] (或者巴克球)，它一共有32面. logo中的11面是可见的. 无独有偶, 树莓派有一颗32位的ARM11处理器.
+
+8. Methematica, 一款商业的流行的计算软件, 现在已经在树莓派上[免费捆绑了][13].
+
+9. (感谢加里•格兰特) Kickstarter上最大的基于树莓派的项目是 [Kano][14]，它的目的是发行一个计算机/编码工具箱来帮助各年龄段的人制造一套他们自己的电脑。项目已经从13,387名支持者中获得$1,522,160。
+
+10. 根据 [Rastrack.co.uk][15], 树莓派最流行的国家是英国.
+
+That is all. If you know any interesting fact about Raspberry Pi, feel free to chime in.
+就是这些。如果你有任何关于树莓派有趣的事实，欢迎随时插话
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/03/interesting-facts-raspberry-pi.html
+
+译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[1]:http://www.zdnet.com/we-thought-wed-sell-1000-the-inside-story-of-the-raspberry-pi-7000009718/
+[2]:http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/6299
+[3]:http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/5016
+[4]:http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/2008
+[5]:http://elinux.org/RPi_config.txt#Overclocking_options
+[6]:http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1839
+[7]:http://www.raspberrypi.com/
+[8]:http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/digitalfoundry-inside-raspberry-pi
+[9]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ARM
+[10]:http://www.techspot.com/article/531-eben-upton-interview/
+[11]:http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/221
+[12]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminsterfullerene
+[13]:http://blog.stephenwolfram.com/2013/11/putting-the-wolfram-language-and-mathematica-on-every-raspberry-pi/
+[14]:https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/alexklein/kano-a-computer-anyone-can-make
+[15]:http://www.rastrack.co.uk/

translated/Mark Shuttleworth interview--Taking Ubuntu beyond desktops.md

@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-[这篇文章的翻译质量很可能要辛苦校正了！^_^]
-马克·沙特尔沃思专访：让Ubuntu超越桌面端
-================================================================================
-他可能已经辞去了Canonical公司的CEO，但马克·沙特尔沃思仍然是代表Ubuntu最多的公众人物。
-
-#### 问：Ubuntu将会继续专注于桌面多长时间？####
-
-**答：**如果你有观察到我们在桌面，手机和平板上已完成的设计工作，会发现我们已经针对性地完成了，因此我们可以将它们放到一个代码库中。目前我们正在努力的移动端代码也会是未来的桌面代码库：你的手机可以给你一个桌面环境，因为它包含了在此之上的所有桌面端代码。
-
-> 目前我们正在努力的移动端代码也会是未来的桌面代码库
-
-实际的代码合并会在下一个主周期里的某个时间点进行 - 不会在14.04版本中，但有可能在14.10或15.04中。我们相信我们有能力在微软完成合并移动端和PC端的Windows系统前完成这一计划，尽管微软公司表示这是它在设计和发展上的目标。
-
-一旦我们合并完这些代码，就会产生一个疑问：六个月的发行周期是否有更多的意义。手机和平板用户习惯于在任何时刻更新手机系统，因此我们可能会软化六个月的周期，持续发布更新。
-
-#### 问：安卓和iOS已经发展得很好了，你是如何鼓舞开发者们为Ubuntu开发应用程序的呢？####
-
-**答：** 这是个关键性的问题。Ubuntu是各种[云计算][1]上的首要平台 - 例如，Instagram全部都部署在Ubuntu上，以及人们移动设备里运行的游戏和服务的后端在云端运行在Ubuntu。因此，在这方面上，我们感受到很强烈的责任。
-
-我认为在Ubuntu和Windows 8之间主要的不同是Ubuntu是基于Linux，就像安卓一样。这意味着Ubuntu相比Windows与为安卓平台设计的web应用和原生应用关系更紧密一些。很多安卓开发者使用Ubuntu，在Ubutu上开发应用程序，因此对他们来说同时瞄准这两个平台开发更加容易。
-
-#### 问：目前有任何硬件合作者支持为手机和平板开发Ubuntu吗？####
-
-**答：**我们在很多家居品牌上看到了测试设备。这些公司都有内部团队关注着它们未来的选择，很难去影响他们的，他们所想的才是他们最感兴趣的。
-
-但是我们也发现了很多公司使用前沿的设备并放在Ubuntu平台上。既然Ubuntu也是Linux，所以对他们而言如果想要流水线生产安卓设备相对很容易。这是一个十分强烈的兴趣信号，暗示他们正在独立地将Ubuntu安装到设备上并将其呈现给运营商。
-
-#### 问：你是否对Ubuntu Edge没能获得资助感到失望？####
-
-**答：**我感到非常失望，因为我们没有能够将它转变成现实。我持续地受到人们发来的电子邮件，在其中写到“我支持Edge，为它没有诞生感到难过”。但我也因为我们所做到的程度而被众口称赞。对我们来说使得设备被生产会是一个巨大的保证，但如果你考虑到已有的手机生产商，他们可能会以较低的[资金]上限来对待Edge。
-
-我们也看到了在利益趋同上的上升。人们表示，“使得，移动处理器正在追赶着台式机”。当苹果发布下一代iPhone [5s]时，它声称处理器是“桌面级的”，我不认为这是不可能的。
-
-这是一个难得的机会，或许该公司过早地幸灾乐祸了，发给我们认为是一个非常清晰的信号：它会普及到iPhone手机和MacBook Air笔记本电脑。除非你打算用这种CPU去制造一台桌面设备，去讨论这种CPU的机器性能是没有任何意义的。
-
-因此，当我为我们没有成功实现Edge感到失望时，我也确信这个想法会被实现的。我们的重点是拥有这个融合世界上最好的软件协议栈。
-
-#### 问：你个人使用的是什么类型的智能手机？####
-
-**答：**我的智能手机上运行着Ubuntu，它是一台Nexus，并且我已经替换了安卓。我也拥有一些运行着Windows Phone，iOS和安卓的设备。这样帮助我了解用户期望得到的东西。
-
-#### 问：Ubuntu电视的开发进度如何？它在2012就已经发布，但从此却杳无音讯了。####
-
-**答：** Ubuntu电视已经并入到移动端代码了。目前我们正致力于生产。这次发行可能是手机，下次是平板，最后一切都将融合在一起。我们将得到一个代码库，将成为跨越所有这些不同形式的因素的Ubuntu的经验。
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: http://www.pcpro.co.uk/news/interviews/386080/mark-shuttleworth-interview-taking-ubuntu-beyond-desktops
-
-译者：[KayGuoWhu](https://github.com/KayGuoWhu) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
-
-[1]:http://www.cloudpro.co.uk/

translated/nSnake--Play The Classic Snake Game In Linux Terminal.md

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+nSnake: 在Linux的终端上玩经典的贪食蛇游戏
+================================================================================
+你知道20世纪末的那些古老的诺基亚手机上最棒的东西是什么吗？ [贪食蛇][1] 我以前在这个看似无聊但却让人上瘾的游戏上花费了大把的时间。在古老的诺基亚手机被智能手机取代的同时，贪食蛇也被另外的无聊但却令人上瘾的游戏取代了，比如说：[神庙逃亡][2]。但是，贪食蛇本身的魅力仍在。
+
+在Android，iOS以及Web上有很多可以玩的贪食蛇游戏。另外，在Linux终端上也有类似的游戏。对，你没有听错，Linux终端上真的有。
+
+### nSnake: Linux终端上的经典贪食蛇游戏 ###
+
+[nSnake][3] 是[Alexandre Dantas][4]开发的经典游戏——贪食蛇的Linux终端版本。差不多在所有的Linux发行版中，你都可以获取nSnake，但是在这篇文章中我们只介绍如何在Ubuntu以及与Ubuntu相似的发行版中安装它。
+
+要在Ubuntu或者Linux Mint中安装nSnake， 你只需要打开终端，然后使用下面的命令：
+
+    sudo apt-get install nsnake
+
+一旦安装成功，你就可以使用下面的命令来运行游戏了：
+
+    nsnake
+
+在终端中运行起来的nSnake就类似于下面截图中的内容。如果你很纠结，为什么我的Ubuntu终端和Ubuntu默认的紫红色终端不一样呢？那是因为我用了Numix主题。[更多优秀的Ubuntu主题][5]
+
+![Play Snake game in Linux terminal with nSnake](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/nSnake_Linux_terminal_game.jpeg)
+
+玩nSnake是非常简单的。你可以从开始界面选择游戏速度以及是否开启边框。游戏开始后，使用方向键控制贪吃的小蛇蛇，P键暂停游戏，Q键退出游戏。
+
+你觉得nSnake怎么样？ 你以前玩过吗？ 你还玩过其他的Linux终端游戏吗？ 来跟我们分享一下吧！
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: http://itsfoss.com/nsnake-play-classic-snake-game-linux-terminal/
+
+译者：[intermerlin](https://github.com/intermerlin) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_(video_game)
+[2]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_Run
+[3]:http://alexdantas.net/projects/nsnake/
+[4]:http://alexdantas.net/
+[5]:http://itsfoss.com/best-themes-ubuntu-1310/

translated/news/README.md

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+这里放新闻类文章，要求时效性

translated/talk/README.md

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+这里放评论类文章，要求可读性

translated/tech/README.md

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+这里放技术类文章，要求准确性