Merge remote-tracking branch 'LCTT/master'

published/20200502 Pop OS 20.04 Review- Best Ubuntu-based Distribution Just Got Better.md

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: (wxy)
+[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
+[#]: publisher: (wxy)
+[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-12175-1.html)
+[#]: subject: (Pop OS 20.04 Review: Best Ubuntu-based Distribution Just Got Better)
+[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/pop-os-20-04-review/)
+[#]: author: (Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/)
+
+Pop!_OS 20.04 点评：最好的基于 Ubuntu 的发行版越来越好了
+======
+
+> Pop!_OS 20.04 是一款令人印象深刻的基于 Ubuntu 的 Linux 发行版。我在这篇评论中回顾了其主要的新功能，并分享了我对最新版本的体验。
+
+现在，Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 及其官方变体版本已经发布了 - 是时候看看  [System76][1] 的 Pop!_OS 20.04 了，这是基于 Ubuntu 的最好的发行版之一。
+
+老实说，Pop!_OS 是我最喜欢的 Linux 发行版，主要用于我做的所有事情。
+
+现在，Pop!_OS 20.04 终于来了。是时候来看看它提供了哪些功能，以及你是否应该升级？
+
+### Pop!_OS 20.04 LTS 中有什么新东西？
+
+![][2]
+
+从视觉上看，Pop!\_OS 20.04 LTS 与 Pop!\_OS 19.10 并没有太大的区别。然而，你可以发现几个新功能和改进。
+
+但是，如果你之前使用的是 Pop!_OS 18.04 LTS，则可以发现有很多东西可以尝试。
+
+随着 [GNOME 3.36][3] 的到来，及其带来的一些新功能，Pop!_OS 20.04 成为了一个令人激动的版本。
+
+总的来说，以下是一些主要的亮点。
+
+  * 自动窗口平铺
+  * 新的应用程序切换器和启动器
+  * 在 Pop!_Shop 中增加了对 Flatpack 的支持。
+  * GNOME 3.36
+  * Linux 内核 5.4
+  * 改进的混合图形支持
+
+虽然听起来很有趣，但我们还是来了解一下详细的变化，以及到目前为止 Pop!_OS 20.04 的体验如何。
+
+#### Pop!_OS 20.04 中的用户体验提升
+
+毫无疑问，很多 Linux 发行版都提供了开箱即用的用户体验。同样的，[Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 也有一流的改进和功能][4]。
+
+而对于 System76 的 Pop!_OS，他们总是试图更进一步。并且，大多数新功能旨在通过提供有用的功能来改善用户体验。
+
+在这里，我将介绍一些改进，其中包括 [GNOME 3.36][3] 和 Pop!_OS 特有的一些功能。
+
+#### 支持系统托盘图标
+
+总算是有了！这可能不是什么大的改变 —— 但 Pop!_OS 以前没有支持系统托盘图标（或小程序图标）。
+
+![][5]
+
+随着 20.04 LTS 的发布，默认情况就有了系统托盘，不需要任何扩展。
+
+依靠系统托盘图标的程序可能并不多 —— 但它仍然是重要的东西。
+
+就我而言，我以前无法在 Pop!_OS 19.10 上使用 [ActivityWatch][6] —— 但现在可以了。
+
+#### 自动窗口平铺
+
+![][7]
+
+自动窗口平铺是我一直想尝试的东西 —— 但从来没花时间使用过 [i3][9] 这样的[平铺窗口管理器][8]来设置它，更别说是 [Regolith 桌面][10]了。
+
+在 Pop!_OS 20.04 中，你就不需要这样做了。自动窗口平铺功能已经内置，无需设置。
+
+它还提供了“显示活动提示”的选项，也就是说，它将高亮显示活动窗口以避免混淆。而且，你还可以调整窗口之间的间隙。
+
+![][11]
+
+你可以在他们的官方视频中看到它是如何工作的：
+
+- [System76 Pop!_OS 20.04 - Auto Tiling](https://youtu.be/-fltwBKsMY0)
+
+而且，我得说，这是 Pop!_OS 20.04 上最大的新增功能之一，有可能帮助你更有效地进行多任务处理。
+
+即使每次使用该功能都很方便，但为了最大程度地利用它，最好是使用一个大于 21 英寸的显示屏（至少）! 而且，因为这个原因 —— 我真的很想把我的显示器也升级一下!
+
+#### 新的扩展应用
+
+![][13]
+
+Pop!_OS 内置了一些独特的 GNOME 扩展。但是，你不需要用 GNOME Tweaks 来管理扩展。
+
+新增加的 “Extensions” 应用可以让你在 Pop!_OS 20.04 上配置和管理扩展程序。
+
+#### 改进的通知中心
+
+![][14]
+
+在新的 GNOME 3.36 中，通知中心的外观经过了改进。这里，我启用了黑暗模式。
+
+#### 新的应用程序切换器 & 启动器
+
+![][15]
+
+你仍然可以用 `ALT+TAB` 或 `Super+TAB` 来浏览正在运行的应用程序。
+
+但是，当你有很多事情要做的时候，这很耗时。所以，在 Pop!_OS 20.04上，你可以使用 `Super+ /` 激活应用程序切换器和启动器。
+
+一旦你习惯了这个快捷键，它将是非常方便的东西。
+
+除此以外，你可能会发现 Pop!_OS 20.04 上的图标/窗口在视觉上有许多其它细微的改进。
+
+#### 新的登录界面
+
+嗯，这是 GNOME 3.36 带来的一个明显的变化。但是，它看起来确实很不错!
+
+![][16]
+
+####  Pop!_Shop 支持 Flatpak
+
+通常，Pop!_Shop 已经是一个非常有用的东西了，包括它自有的在内，它带有一个巨大的软件仓库。
+
+现在，在 Pop!\_OS 20.04 中，你可以用 Pop!_Shop 安装任何可用软件的 Debian 包或 Flatpak（通过 Flathub） —— 当然，前提是某个软件有 Flatpak 软件包。
+
+如果你没有使用 Pop!_OS 20.04，你可能要看看[如何在 Linux 上使用 Flatpak][18]。
+
+![][19]
+
+就我个人而言，我并不是 Flatpak 的粉丝，但有些应用如 GIMP 需要你安装 Flatpak 包才能获得最新版本。所以，在 Pop!_Shop 上直接支持了 Flatpak 绝对是一件好事。
+
+#### 键盘快捷键更改
+
+如果你习惯了 Pop!_OS 19.10 或更早的版本上现有的键盘快捷键，这可能会让你很烦。
+
+不管是哪种情况，有几个重要的键盘快捷键变化可能会改善你的体验，如下：
+
+  * 锁定屏幕：`Super + L` 改为 `Super + Escape`。
+  * 移动工作区：`Super + 上/下箭头键` 改为 `Super + CTRL + 上/下箭头键`。
+  * 关闭窗口：`Super + W` 变更为 `Super + Q`。
+  * 切换最大化：`Super +向上箭头` 改为 `Super + M`。
+
+#### Linux 内核 5.4
+
+与其他大多数最新的 Linux 发行版相似，Pop!_OS 20.04 搭载了 [Linux 内核 5.4][20]。
+
+所以，很明显，你可以期望获得对 [exFAT 支持][21]、改进的 AMD 图形兼容性以及它附带所有其他功能。
+
+#### 性能提升
+
+尽管 Pop!_OS 并不称自己是轻量级的 Linux 发行版，但它仍然是一个资源节约型的发行版。而且，有了  GNOME 3.36 的支持，它的速度应该足够快了。
+
+考虑到我已经将 Pop!\_OS 作为主要发行版使用已经一年多了，我从来没有遇到过性能问题。这就是你安装了 Pop!_OS 20.04 之后的资源使用情况（取决于你的系统配置）。
+
+![][22]
+
+给你一个作为参考，我的台式机配置包括 i5-7400 处理器、16GB 内存（2400MHz）、NVIDIA GTX 1050ti 显卡和 SSD。
+
+我不是一个系统基准测试的忠实拥护者，因为除非你去尝试，否则它并不能让你知道特定的应用或游戏的性能。
+
+你可以试试 [Phoronix 测试套件][23]来分析你的系统表现。但是，Pop!_OS 20.04 LTS 应该是一个很爽快的体验！
+
+#### 软件包更新 & 其他改进
+
+尽管每个基于Ubuntu的发行版都受益于Ubuntu 20.04 LTS的改进，但也有一些 Pop!_OS 特有的错误修复和改进。
+
+除此之外，一些主要的应用程序/包（如 Firefox 75.0）也已经更新到了最新版本。
+
+到现在为止，应该没有任何严重的错误，至少对我来说没有。
+
+你可以在 [GitHub 上查看他们的开发进度][24]，以了解他们在测试期间已经修复的问题和发布后即将修复的问题。
+
+### 下载 & 支持 Pop!_OS 20.04
+
+![][25]
+
+在这个版本中，System76 终于增加了一个可选的订阅模式来支持 Pop!_OS 的开发。
+
+你可以免费下载 Pop!_OS 20.04 —— 但如果你想支持他们，我建议你只需要 \$1/月就可以订阅。
+
+- [Pop!_OS 20.04][26]
+
+### 我对 Pop OS 20.04 的看法
+
+我必须提到的是，我正在为最新的 20.04 版本提供全新的墙纸。但是，这没什么大不了的。
+
+有了窗口平铺功能、支持 flatpak，以及众多其他改进，到目前为止，我对 Pop!_OS 20.04 的体验是一流的。另外，很高兴看到他们在一些流行软件的开箱即用支持上突出了他们对创意专业人士的关注。
+
+![][27]
+
+Ubuntu 20.04 的所有优点，再加上 System76 的一些额外的加料，让我印象深刻!
+
+你试过 Pop!_OS 20.04 吗？请在下面的评论中告诉我你的想法。
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://itsfoss.com/pop-os-20-04-review/
+
+作者：[Ankush Das][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
+校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://system76.com
+[2]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/pop_os_20_04_review.jpg?ssl=1
+[3]: https://itsfoss.com/gnome-3-36-release/
+[4]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-20-04-release-features/
+[5]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/system-tray-icons-pop-os.jpg?ssl=1
+[6]: https://activitywatch.net/
+[7]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/pop-os-automatic-screen-tiling.png?ssl=1
+[8]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiling_window_manager
+[9]: https://i3wm.org/
+[10]: https://itsfoss.com/regolith-linux-desktop/
+[11]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/tile-feature-options-popos.jpg?ssl=1
+[12]: https://www.youtube.com/c/itsfoss?sub_confirmation=1
+[13]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/pop-os-extensions.jpg?ssl=1
+[14]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/notification-center-pop-os.jpg?ssl=1
+[15]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/pop-os-application-launcher.jpg?ssl=1
+[16]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/pop-os-20-04-lock-screen.jpg?ssl=1
+[17]: https://launchpad.net/~system76/+archive/ubuntu/pop
+[18]: https://itsfoss.com/flatpak-guide/
+[19]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/pop-os-flatpak-deb.jpg?ssl=1
+[20]: https://itsfoss.com/linux-kernel-5-4/
+[21]: https://itsfoss.com/mount-exfat/
+[22]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/pop-os-20-04-performance.jpg?ssl=1
+[23]: https://www.phoronix-test-suite.com/
+[24]: https://github.com/orgs/pop-os/projects/13
+[25]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/support-pop-os.jpg?ssl=1
+[26]: https://pop.system76.com/
+[27]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/pop-os-stem-focus.jpg?ssl=1

sources/tech/20200430 Three Methods Boot CentOS-RHEL 7-8 Systems in Single User Mode.md

@@ -1,159 +0,0 @@
-[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
-[#]: translator: (lxbwolf)
-[#]: reviewer: ( )
-[#]: publisher: ( )
-[#]: url: ( )
-[#]: subject: (Three Methods Boot CentOS/RHEL 7/8 Systems in Single User Mode)
-[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/boot-centos-7-8-rhel-7-8-single-user-mode/)
-[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
-
-Three Methods Boot CentOS/RHEL 7/8 Systems in Single User Mode
-======
-
-Single user mode, also referred to as maintenance mode, which allows a single super user to recover/repair system problems.
-
-Generally, these problems cannot be solved in a multi-user environment. The system can boot but will not function properly or you will not be able to log in.
-
-It uses `runlevel1.target` or `rescue.target` on **[Red Hat][1]** (RHEL) 7/8 based systems.
-
-In this mode, the system mount all local file systems, but does not activate network interfaces.
-
-It only enables certain services and minimal functionality to repair the system.
-
-This method is mostly useful when you want to run fsck to fix corrupted file systems, or to reset a forgotten root password, or to fix a mount point issue on the system.
-
-You can boot **[CentOS][2]**/**[RHEL][3]** 7/8 systems in single user mode using the below three methods.
-
-  * **Method-1:** Boot CentOS/RHEL 7/8 systems in single user mode by adding the “rd.break” parameter to the kernel
-  * **Method-2:** Boot CentOS/RHEL 7/8 systems in single user mode by replacing the “rhgb quiet” word with the “init=/bin/bash or init=/bin/sh” parameter in the kernel
-  * **Method-3:** Boot CentOS/RHEL 7/8 systems in single user mode by replacing the “ro” word with the “rw init=/sysroot/bin/sh” parameter in the kernel
-
-
-
-### Method-1: Boot CentOS/RHEL 7/8 systems in single user mode by adding the “rd.break” parameter to the kernel
-
-Reboot your system, on the GRUB2 boot screen, press the `"e"` key to edit the selected kernel. You need to select the first line, the first one is the latest kernel whereas you can select the different one if you would like to boot your system with the older kernel.
-
-![][4]
-
-Depending on your RHEL/CentOS version, find the word **“linux16”** or **“linux”**, press the “End” button on the keyboard, go to the end of the line, and add the keyword **“rd.break”** as shown below in the screenshot, then press **“Ctrl+x”** or **“F10”** to boot into single-user mode.
-
-You need to find the word **`linux16`** for RHEL/CentOS 7 systems, while **`linux`** for RHEL/CentOS 8 systems.
-
-![][4]
-
-This change mount your root file system into **“read only (RO)”** mode. You can check this by running the command below. Also, the output below clearly shows that you are in **“Emergency Mode”**.
-
-```
-# mount | grep root
-```
-
-![][4]
-
-To make changes to the **“sysroot”** file system you need to remount it with READ and WRITE (RW) mode.
-
-```
-# mount -o remount,rw /sysroot
-```
-
-Run the below command to change the environment, commonly known as “jailed directory” or “chroot jail”.
-
-```
-# chroot /sysroot
-```
-
-![][4]
-
-Now, single-user mode is completely ready for use. Once you have fixed your problem to exit single user mode, perform the following steps.
-
-CentOS/RHEL 7/8 uses SELinux by default, so create the following hidden file, which will automatically perform a relabel of all files on next boot.
-
-```
-# touch /.autorelabel
-```
-
-Finally, run the below command to restart the system. Alternatively, type “exit” command twice to restart your system.
-
-```
-# reboot -f
-```
-
-### Method-2: Boot CentOS/RHEL 7/8 systems in single user mode by replacing the “rhgb quiet” word with the “init=/bin/bash or init=/bin/sh” parameters in the kernel
-
-Reboot your system, on the GRUB2 boot screen, press the `"e"` key to edit the selected kernel parameters.
-
-![][4]
-
-Find the word **“rhgb quiet”** and replace it with **“init=/bin/bash”** or **“init=/bin/sh”**, then press **“Ctrl+x”** or **“F10”** to boot in single user mode.
-
-Screenshot for **`init=/bin/bash`**.
-
-![][4]
-
-Screenshot for **`init=/bin/sh`**.
-
-![][4]
-
-By default, this will mount your “/” partition in read-only (RO) mode, so you will need to remount the “/” file system with READ and WRITE (RW) mode to make changes.
-
-```
-# mount -o remount,rw /
-```
-
-![][4]
-
-You can now perform any task that you want. When you are done, run the following command to enable SELinux relabeling on reboot.
-
-```
-# touch /.autorelabel
-```
-
-Finally reboot the system.
-
-```
-# exec /sbin/init 6
-```
-
-### Method-3: Boot CentOS/RHEL 7/8 systems in single user mode by replacing the “ro” word with the “rw init=/sysroot/bin/sh” parameter in the kernel
-
-To interrupt the automatic boot, reboot your system and press any key on the GRUB2 splash screen.
-
-This will display the list of kernels available on your system and select the latest kernel and press the **`"e"`** key to edit the selected kernel parameters.
-
-Find the line that starts with the word **“linux”** or **“linux16”** and replace **“ro”** with **“rw init=/sysroot/bin/sh”**. When finished, press **“Ctrl+x”** or **“F10”** to boot in single user mode.
-
-Change the environment to “chroot jail” by running the below command.
-
-```
-# chroot /sysroot
-```
-
-Make any necessary changes to the system. Once done, run the below command to enable SELinux relabeling on reboot.
-
-```
-# touch /.autorelabel
-```
-
-Finally reboot the system.
-
-```
-# reboot -f
-```
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: https://www.2daygeek.com/boot-centos-7-8-rhel-7-8-single-user-mode/
-
-作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
-选题：[lujun9972][b]
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
-校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
-
-[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
-[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
-[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/category/red-hat/
-[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/category/centos/
-[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/category/rhel/
-[4]: data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7

sources/tech/20200502 Pop OS 20.04 Review- Best Ubuntu-based Distribution Just Got Better.md

@@ -1,232 +0,0 @@
-[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
-[#]: translator: ( )
-[#]: reviewer: ( )
-[#]: publisher: ( )
-[#]: url: ( )
-[#]: subject: (Pop OS 20.04 Review: Best Ubuntu-based Distribution Just Got Better)
-[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/pop-os-20-04-review/)
-[#]: author: (Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/)
-
-Pop OS 20.04 Review: Best Ubuntu-based Distribution Just Got Better
-======
-
-_**Brief: Pop OS 20.04 is an impressive Linux distribution based on Ubuntu. I review the major new features in this review and share my experience with the latest release.**_
-
-Now that Ubuntu 20.04 LTS and its official flavours are here – it’s time to take a look at one of best Ubuntu-based distro i.e Pop!_OS 20.04 by [System76][1].
-
-To be honest, Pop!_OS is my favorite Linux distro that I primarily use for everything I do.
-
-Now that Pop!_OS 20.04 has finally arrived. It’s time to take a look at what it offers and whether you should upgrade or not?
-
-### What’s New In Pop!_OS 20.04 LTS?
-
-![][2]
-
-Visually, Pop!_OS 20.04 LTS isn’t really very different from Pop!_OS 19.10. However, you can find several new features and improvements.
-
-But, if you were using **Pop!_OS 18.04 LTS**, you have a lot of things to try.
-
-With [GNOME 3.36][3] onboard along with some newly added features, Pop!_OS 20.04 is an exciting release.
-
-Overall, to give you an overview here are some key highlights:
-
-  * Automatic Window Tiling
-  * New Application Switcher and Launcher
-  * Flatpack support added in Pop!_Shop
-  * GNOME 3.36
-  * Linux Kernel 5.4
-  * Improved hybrid graphics support
-
-
-
-While this sounds fun, let us take a look at a detailed look on what has changed and how’s the experience of Pop!_OS 20.04 so far.
-
-### User Experience Improvements in Pop OS 20.04
-
-Undoubtedly, a lot of Linux distros offer a pleasant user experience out of the box. Likewise, [Ubuntu 20.04 LTS has had top-notch improvements and features][4] as well.
-
-And, when it comes to Pop!_OS by System 76, they always try to go a mile further. And, the majority of new features aim to improve the user experience by providing useful functionalities.
-
-Here, I’m going to take a look at some of the improvements that include [GNOME 3.36][3] and Pop!_OS-specific features.
-
-#### Support For System Tray Icons
-
-Finally! This may not be a big change – but Pop!_OS did not have the support for system tray icons (or applet icons).
-
-![][5]
-
-With 20.04 LTS release, it’s here by default. No need of any extension.
-
-There may not be a whole lot of programs depending on system tray icons – but it is still something important to have.
-
-In my case, I wasn’t able to use [ActivityWatch][6] on Pop!_OS 19.10 – but now I can.
-
-#### Automatic Window Tiling
-
-![][7]
-
-**Automatic Window Tiling** is something I always wanted to try – but never invested any time to set it up using a [tiling window manager][8] like [i3][9], not even with [Regolith Desktop][10].
-
-With Pop!_OS 20.04, you don’t need to do that anyway. The automatic window tiling feature comes baked in without needing you to set it up.
-
-It also features an option to **Show Active Hint** i.e it will highlight the active window to avoid confusion. And, you can also adjust the gap between the windows.
-
-![][11]
-
-You can see it in action in their official video:
-
-[Subscribe to our YouTube channel for more Linux videos][12]
-
-And, I must say that it is one of the biggest additions on Pop!_OS 20.04 that could potentially help you multi-task more efficiently.
-
-Even though the feature comes in handy everytime you use it. To make the most out of it, a display screen bigger than 21-inches (at least) should be the best way to go! And, for this reason – I’m really tempted to upgrade my monitor as well!
-
-#### New Extensions App
-
-![][13]
-
-Pop!_OS comes baked in with some unique GNOME extensions. But, you don’t need GNOME Tweaks the manage the extension anymore.
-
-The newly added **Extensions** app lets you configure and manage the extensions on Pop!_OS 20.04.
-
-#### Improved Notification Center
-
-![][14]
-
-With the new GNOME 3.36 release, the notification center includes a revamped look. Here, I have the dark mode enabled.
-
-#### New Application Switcher & Launcher
-
-![][15]
-
-You can still **ALT+TAB** or **Super key + TAB** to go through the running applications.
-
-But, that’s time-consuming when you have a lot of things going on. So, on Pop!_OS 20.04, you get an application switcher and launcher which you can activate using **Super key + /**
-
-Once you get used to the keyboard shortcut, it will be very convenient thing to have.
-
-In addition to this, you may find numerous other subtle improvements visually with the icons/windows on Pop!_OS 20.04.
-
-#### New Login Screen
-
-Well, with GNOME 3.36, it’s an obvious change. But, it does look good!
-
-![][16]
-
-### Flatpak Support on Pop!_Shop
-
-Normally, Pop!_Shop is already something useful with a huge repository along with [Pop!_OS’s own repositories.][17]
-
-Now, with Pop!_OS 20.04, you can choose to install either Flatpak (via Flathub) or the Debian package of any available software on Pop!_Shop. Of course, only if a Flatpak package exists for the particular software.
-
-You might want to check [how to use Flatpak on Linux][18] if you don’t have Pop!_OS 20.04.
-
-![][19]
-
-Personally, I’m not a fan of Flatpak but some applications like GIMP requires you to install the Flatpak package to get the latest version. So, it is definitely a good thing to have the support for Flatpak on Pop!_Shop baked right into it.
-
-### Keyboard Shortcut Changes
-
-This can be annoying if you’re comfortable with the existing keyboard shortcuts on Pop!_OS 19.10 or older.
-
-In either case, there are a few important keyboard shortcut changes to potentially improve your experience, here they are:
-
-  * Lock Screen: **Super + L** _changed to_ **Super + Escape**
-  * Move Workspace: **Super + Up/Down Arrow** _changed to_ **Super + CTRL + Up/Down Arrow**
-  * Close Window: **Super + W** _changed_ to **Super + Q**
-  * Toggle Maximize: **Super + Up Arrow** _changed to_ **Super + M**
-
-
-
-### Linux Kernel 5.4
-
-Similar to most of the other latest Linux distros, Pop!_OS 20.04 comes loaded with [Linux Kernel 5.4][20].
-
-So, obviously, you can expect the [exFAT support][21] and an improved AMD graphics compatibility along with all the other features that come with it.
-
-### Performance Improvements
-
-Even though Pop!_OS doesn’t pitch itself as a lightweight Linux distro, it is still a resource-efficient distro. And, with GNOME 3.36 onboard, it should be fast enough.
-
-Considering that I’ve been using Pop!_OS as my primary distro for about a year, I’ve never had any performance issues. And, this is how the resource usage will probably look like (depending on your system configuration) after you install Pop!_OS 20.04.
-
-![][22]
-
-To give you an idea, my desktop configuration involves an i5-7400 processor, 16 GB RAM (2400 MHz), NVIDIA GTX 1050ti graphics card, and an SSD.
-
-I’m not really a fan of system benchmarks because it does not really give you the idea of how a specific application or a game would perform unless you try it.
-
-You can try the [Phoronix Test Suite][23] to analyze how your system performs. But, Pop!_OS 20.04 LTSshould be a snappy experience!
-
-### Package Updates & Other Improvements
-
-While every Ubuntu-based distro benefits from the [improvements in Ubuntu 20.04 LTS][4], there are some Pop OS specific bug fixes and improvements as well.
-
-In addition to it, some major apps/packages like **Firefox 75.0** have been updated to their latest version.
-
-As of now, there should be no critical bugs present and at least none for me.
-
-You can check out their [development progress on GitHub][24] to check the details of issues they’ve already fixed during the beta testing and the issues they will be fixing right after the release.
-
-### Download & Support Pop!_OS 20.04
-
-![][25]
-
-With this release, System76 has finally added a subscription model (optional) to support Pop!_OS development.
-
-You can download **Pop!_OS 20.04** for free – but if you want to support them I’d suggest you go for the subscription with just **$1/month**.
-
-[Pop!_OS 20.04][26]
-
-### My Thoughts on Pop OS 20.04
-
-I must mention that I was rooting for a fresh new wallpaper with the latest 20.04 release. But, that’s not a big deal.
-
-With the window tiling feature, flatpak support, and numerous other improvements, my experience with Pop!_OS 20.04 has been top-notch so far. Also, it’s great to see that they are highlighting their focus on creative professionals with out-of-the-box support for some popular software.
-
-![][27]
-
-All the good things about Ubuntu 20.04 and some extra toppings on it by System76, I’m impressed!
-
-_**Have you tried the Pop!_OS 20.04 yet? Let me know your thoughts in the comments below.**_
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: https://itsfoss.com/pop-os-20-04-review/
-
-作者：[Ankush Das][a]
-选题：[lujun9972][b]
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
-校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
-
-[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
-[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
-[1]: https://system76.com
-[2]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/pop_os_20_04_review.jpg?ssl=1
-[3]: https://itsfoss.com/gnome-3-36-release/
-[4]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-20-04-release-features/
-[5]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/system-tray-icons-pop-os.jpg?ssl=1
-[6]: https://activitywatch.net/
-[7]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/pop-os-automatic-screen-tiling.png?ssl=1
-[8]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiling_window_manager
-[9]: https://i3wm.org/
-[10]: https://itsfoss.com/regolith-linux-desktop/
-[11]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/tile-feature-options-popos.jpg?ssl=1
-[12]: https://www.youtube.com/c/itsfoss?sub_confirmation=1
-[13]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/pop-os-extensions.jpg?ssl=1
-[14]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/notification-center-pop-os.jpg?ssl=1
-[15]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/pop-os-application-launcher.jpg?ssl=1
-[16]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/pop-os-20-04-lock-screen.jpg?ssl=1
-[17]: https://launchpad.net/~system76/+archive/ubuntu/pop
-[18]: https://itsfoss.com/flatpak-guide/
-[19]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/pop-os-flatpak-deb.jpg?ssl=1
-[20]: https://itsfoss.com/linux-kernel-5-4/
-[21]: https://itsfoss.com/mount-exfat/
-[22]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/pop-os-20-04-performance.jpg?ssl=1
-[23]: https://www.phoronix-test-suite.com/
-[24]: https://github.com/orgs/pop-os/projects/13
-[25]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/support-pop-os.jpg?ssl=1
-[26]: https://pop.system76.com/
-[27]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/pop-os-stem-focus.jpg?ssl=1

translated/tech/20200430 Three Methods Boot CentOS-RHEL 7-8 Systems in Single User Mode.md

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: (lxbwolf)
+[#]: reviewer: ( )
+[#]: publisher: ( )
+[#]: url: ( )
+[#]: subject: (Three Methods Boot CentOS/RHEL 7/8 Systems in Single User Mode)
+[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/boot-centos-7-8-rhel-7-8-single-user-mode/)
+[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
+
+在单用户模式下启动 CentOS/RHEL 7/8 的三种方法
+======
+
+单用户模式，也被称为维护模式，超级用户可以在此模式下恢复/修复系统问题。
+
+通常情况下，这些问题在多用户环境中修复不了。系统可以启动但功能不能正常运行或者你登录不了系统。
+
+在基于 **[Red Hat][1]** (RHEL) 7/8 的系统中，使用 `runlevel1.target` 或 `rescue.target` 来实现。
+
+在此模式下，系统会挂载所有的本地文件系统，但不开启网络接口。
+
+系统仅启动特定的几个服务和修复系统必要的尽可能少的功能。
+
+当你想运行文件系统一致性检查来修复损坏的文件系统，或忘记 root 密码后重置密码，或修复系统上的一个挂载点问题时，这个方法会很有用。
+
+你可以用下面三种方法以单用户模式启动 **[CentOS][2]**/**[RHEL][3]** 7/8 系统。
+
+  * **方法 1:** 通过向内核添加 “rd.break” 参数来以单用户模式启动 CentOS/RHEL 7/8 系统
+  * **方法 2:** 通过用 “init=/bin/bash“ 或 ”init=/bin/sh” 替换内核中的 “rhgb quiet” 语句来以单用户模式启动 CentOS/RHEL 7/8 系统
+  * **方法 3:** 通过用 “rw init=/sysroot/bin/sh” 参数替换内核中的 “ro” 语句以单用户模式启动 CentOS/RHEL 7/8 系统
+
+
+
+### 方法 1： 通过向内核添加 “rd.break” 参数来以单用户模式启动 CentOS/RHEL 7/8 系统
+
+重启你的系统，在 GRUB2 启动界面，按下 `e` 键来编辑选中的内核。你需要选中第一行，第一个是最新的内核，然而如果你想用旧的内核启动系统你也可以选择其他的行。
+
+![][4]
+
+根据你的 RHEL/CentOS 版本，找到 **“linux16”** 或 **“linux”** 语句，按下键盘上的 ”End“ 按钮，跳到行末，像下面截图中展示的那样添加关键词 **“rd.break”**，按下 **“Ctrl+x”** 或 **“F10”** 来进入单用户模式。
+
+如果你的系统是 RHEL/CentOS 7，你需要找 **`linux16`**，如果你的系统是 RHEL/CentOS 8，那么你需要找 **`linux`**。
+
+![][4]
+
+这个修改会让你的 root 文件系统以 **“只读 (RO)”** 模式挂载。你可以用下面的命令来验证下。下面的输出也明确地告诉你当前是在 **“紧急模式”**。
+
+```
+# mount | grep root
+```
+
+![][4]
+
+为了修改 **“sysroot”** 文件系统，你需要用 RW 模式重新挂载它。
+
+```
+# mount -o remount,rw /sysroot
+```
+
+运行下面的命令修改环境，这就是大家熟知的 “jailed directory” 或 “chroot jail”。
+
+```
+# chroot /sysroot
+```
+
+![][4]
+
+现在，单用户模式的前期准备已经完成了。当你修复了你的问题要退出单用户模式时，执行下面的步骤。
+
+CentOS/RHEL 7/8 默认使用 SELinux，因此创建下面的隐藏文件，这个文件会在下一次启动时重新确认所有文件。
+
+```
+# touch /.autorelabel
+```
+
+最后，用下面的命令重启系统。你也可以输入两次 “exit” 命令来重启你的系统。
+
+```
+# reboot -f
+```
+
+### 方法 2: 通过用 “init=/bin/bash“ 或 ”init=/bin/sh” 替换内核中的 “rhgb quiet” 语句来以单用户模式启动 CentOS/RHEL 7/8 系统
+
+重启你的系统，在 GRUB2 启动界面，按下 `e` 键来编辑选中的内核。
+
+![][4]
+
+找到语句 **“rhgb quiet”**，用 **“init=/bin/bash”** 或 **“init=/bin/sh”** 替换它，然后按下 **“Ctrl+x”** 或 **“F10”** 来进入单用户模式。
+
+**`init=/bin/bash`** 的截图。
+
+![][4]
+
+**`init=/bin/sh`** 的截图。
+
+![][4]
+
+默认情况下，上面的操作会以只读（RO）模式挂载你的 “/” 分区，因此你需要以读写（RW）模式重新挂载 “/” 文件系统，这样才能修改它。
+
+```
+# mount -o remount,rw /
+```
+
+![][4]
+
+现在你可以执行你的任务了。当结束时，执行下面的命令来开启重启时的 SELinux 重新确认。
+
+```
+# touch /.autorelabel
+```
+
+最后，重启系统。
+
+```
+# exec /sbin/init 6
+```
+
+### 方法 3: 通过用 “rw init=/sysroot/bin/sh” 参数替换内核中的 “ro” 语句以单用户模式启动 CentOS/RHEL 7/8 系统
+
+为了中断自动启动的过程，重启你的系统并在 GRUB2 启动界面按下任意键。
+
+现在会展示你系统上所有可用的内核，选择最新的内核，按下 `e` 键来编辑选中的内核参数。
+
+找到以 **“linux”** 或 **“linux16”** 开头的语句，用 **“rw init=/sysroot/bin/sh”** 替换 **“ro”**。替换完后按下 **“Ctrl+x”** 或 **“F10”** 来进入单用户模式。
+
+运行下面的命令把环境切换为 “chroot jail”。
+
+```
+# chroot /sysroot
+```
+
+如果需要，做出必要的修改。修改完后，执行下面的命令来开启重启时的 SELinux 重新确认。
+
+```
+# touch /.autorelabel
+```
+
+最后，重启系统。
+
+```
+# reboot -f
+```
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://www.2daygeek.com/boot-centos-7-8-rhel-7-8-single-user-mode/
+
+作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[lxbwolf](https://github.com/lxbwolf)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/category/red-hat/
+[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/category/centos/
+[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/category/rhel/
+[4]: data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7