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[#]: subject: "How To Prevent Command Arguments With Sudo In Linux"
[#]: via: "https://ostechnix.com/prevent-command-arguments-with-sudo/"
[#]: author: "sk https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: "Donkey-Hao"
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
How To Prevent Command Arguments With Sudo In Linux
======
Allow an user to run commands with sudo, but without command arguments.
In the previous article, we learned how to **[run commands in a directory as root via sudo][1]**. In this guide, we will see how to **prevent command arguments with sudo** in Linux. Meaning - we allow an user to run commands with sudo, but **without command arguments**.
#### Contents
1. Introduction
2. Prevent Command Arguments With Sudo
3. Prohibit Command Arguments With Sudo For All Users
4. Conclusion
### Introduction
As you know already, each command has different options to perform a specific action. Let us take **"ls"** command as an example.
The `ls` command is used to list directory contents, right? Yes. The ls command ships with many command-line options and flags. For instance, you can use `-a` flag with `ls` command to list all contents(i.e. including the hidden files) in a directory.
In this brief tutorial, we will see how to allow an user to run `ls` command via sudo, but only without the command line options or flags. Understood? Let me show you how to do it in the following sections.
### Prevent Command Arguments With Sudo
Edit `/etc/sudoers` file as `root` user:
```
[root@Almalinux8CT ~]# visudo
```
Add the following line:
```
user1 ALL=(root) /usr/bin/ls ""
```
![Deny Command Arguments With Sudo][2]
**Notice the double quotes** at the end of the `ls` command in the above line. The double quotes prohibit the user from using the arguments of the given command (i.e. `ls` command). As per the above line, the user1 can run the `ls` command as `root`, but can't use the `ls` command's options/flags. You can use some other command of your choice. Save the file and close it.
Now, log out from the root session and login as user1 and try to run `ls` command with any options as root via sudo from user1 session:
```
[user1@Almalinux8CT ~]$ sudo -u root ls -a
```
You will encounter with the following error:
```
Sorry, user user1 is not allowed to execute '/bin/ls -a' as root on Almalinux8CT.
```
You can, however, run `ls` command without its arguments:
```
[user1@Almalinux8CT ~]$ sudo -u root ls
```
![Prevent Command Arguments With Sudo][3]
### Prohibit Command Arguments With Sudo For All Users
The above example showed you how to deny an user to execute a command with its arguments as `root` user. What if you want to apply this rule to all users? Simple! Just add the following line in the `/etc/sudoers` file:
```
ALL ALL=(root) /usr/bin/ls ""
```
Now all users in your Linux machine can't run `ls` command with its flags.
To revert back to the default setting, just remove the command along with the double quotes. Or, remove the whole line.
For more details, refer the man pages.
```
$ man sudoers
```
### Conclusion
In this guide, we learned how to allow an user to run a command using sudo, but prevent them from adding any arguments to the command. This way we can restrict the users from misusing any commandline arguments.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://ostechnix.com/prevent-command-arguments-with-sudo/
作者：[sk][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[Donkey-Hao](https://github.com/Donkey-Hao)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://ostechnix.com/run-programs-in-a-directory-via-sudo/
[2]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Deny-Command-Arguments-With-Sudo.png
[3]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Prevent-Command-Arguments-With-Sudo.png

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[#]: subject: "How To Prevent Command Arguments With Sudo In Linux"
[#]: via: "https://ostechnix.com/prevent-command-arguments-with-sudo/"
[#]: author: "sk https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: "Donkey-Hao"
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
如何在 Linux 命令行中避免使用 Sudo 参数
======
允许用户运行命令，但不带 `sudo` 命令参数。
在之前的文章，我们学习了如何 **[通过 sudo 以 root 身份运行目录中的命令][1]**。在这篇指南中，我们将明白如何在 Linux 中 **避免使用 Sudo 参数**。即我们允许一个用户运行特权级命令，但是 **不带 sudo 参数**。
#### 目录
1. 背景介绍
2. 避免使用 sudo 参数
3. 避免所有用户使用 sudo 参数
4. 总结
### 背景介绍
你已经知道了，每个命令执行一个特定操作有不同的选项。让我们以 **"ls"** 命令为例。
`ls` 命令会罗列文件夹中的内容，对吗？没错。`ls` 命令附带了一些命令行选项和标志。例如，你可以用 `ls` 命令的 `-a` 标志罗列文件夹中的所有内容（包括隐藏文件）。
在这份简要指南中，我们将明白如何允许用户通过 `sudo` 运行 `ls` 命令，但是不使用命令行选项或者标志。我讲清楚了吗？接下来让我来展示一下如何做到这点。
### 避免使用 sudo 参数
以 `root` 用户身份编辑 `/etc/sudoers` 文件：
```
[root@Almalinux8CT ~]# visudo
```
添加下面一行：
```
user1 ALL=(root) /usr/bin/ls ""
```
![Deny Command Arguments With Sudo][2]
要注意这里 `ls` 之后的 **双引号**。双引号会屏蔽用户在给定命令之后输入的参数（比如 `ls` 命令）。在上面的命令中，“用户 1 ”能够以 `root` 身份运行 `ls` 命令，但是不能使用 `ls` 命令的选项以及标志。你可以选择其他的指令进行尝试。保存该文件并关闭。
现在，以“用户 1 ”的身份登陆系统，并尝试以管理员身份运行 `ls` 命令，不要添加任何选项：
```
[user1@Almalinux8CT ~]$ sudo -u root ls -a
```
或许你会遇到下面的报错：
```
Sorry, user user1 is not allowed to execute '/bin/ls -a' as root on Almalinux8CT.
```
不过你可以不添加参数来运行 `ls` 命令：
```
[user1@Almalinux8CT ~]$ sudo -u root ls
```
![Prevent Command Arguments With Sudo][3]
### 防止所有用户使用命令参数
上述例子像你展示了如何阻止用户以管理员身份运行带有参数的命令。你是否想要对所有用户应用该规则呢？很简单！只需要在 `/etc/sudoers` 文件中添加一行：
```
ALL ALL=(root) /usr/bin/ls ""
```
现在，系统中的所有用户都可以运行不带参数的 `ls` 命令。
想要恢复默认设置，只需要删除最后的双引号，或者删除整行。
查看帮助手册，了解更多。
```
$ man sudoers
```
### 结论
在这份指南中，我们学习了如何允许用户以管理员身份运行命令，但是不能添加任何指令参数。这样可以限制用户误用一些命令行参数。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://ostechnix.com/prevent-command-arguments-with-sudo/
作者：[sk][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[Donkey-Hao](https://github.com/Donkey-Hao)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://ostechnix.com/run-programs-in-a-directory-via-sudo/
[2]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Deny-Command-Arguments-With-Sudo.png
[3]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Prevent-Command-Arguments-With-Sudo.png