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翻译 中 L u o x
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10 Lesser Known Linux Commands – Part 2
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================================================================================
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Continuing the last conversation from [11 Lesser Known Useful Linux Commands – Part I][1]（注：此文已经被其他网站翻译，链接：[http://www.searchsv.com.cn/showcontent_77595.htm][2]或者：[http://www.oschina.net/translate/11-lesser-known-useful-linux-commands][5]) here in this article we will be focusing on other lesser known Linux commands, that will prove to be very much useful in managing Desktop and Server.
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*10 Lesser Known Linux Commands*
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### 12. <space> Command ###
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Every piece of command you type in terminal gets recorded in the **history** and can be retried using **history** command.
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How about cheating [history command][2]? Yeah you can do it and its very easy. Just put one or more white space before typing a command in terminal and your command wont be recorded.
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Lets give it a try, we will try five common Linux commands (say** ls, pwd, uname, echo “hi”** and **who**) in terminal after one white space and check if these commands are docked in history or not.
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avi@localhost:~$ ls
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avi@localhost:~$ pwd
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avi@localhost:~$ uname
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avi@localhost:~$ echo “hi”
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avi@localhost:~$ who
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Now run ‘**history**‘ command to see whether these above executed commands are recorded or not.
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avi@localhost:~$ history
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40 cd /dev/
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41 ls
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42 dd if=/dev/cdrom1 of=/home/avi/Desktop/squeeze.iso
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43 ping www.google.com
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44 su
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You see our last executed commands are not logged. we can also cheat history by using an alternate command ‘**cat | bash**‘ of-course without quotes, in the same way as above.
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### 13. stat Command ###
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The **stat** command in Linux displays the status information of a file or filesystem. The **stat** shows a whole lot of information about the file which name is passed as argument. Status Information includes file **Size, Blocks, Access Permission, Date-time** of file last access, **Modify, change**, etc.
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avi@localhost:~$ stat 34.odt
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File: `34.odt'
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Size: 28822 Blocks: 64 IO Block: 4096 regular file
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Device: 801h/2049d Inode: 5030293 Links: 1
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Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 1000/ avi) Gid: ( 1000/ avi)
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Access: 2013-10-14 00:17:40.000000000 +0530
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Modify: 2013-10-01 15:20:17.000000000 +0530
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Change: 2013-10-01 15:20:17.000000000 +0530
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### 14. <alt>. and <esc>. ###
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The above key combination is not actually a command but a tweak which put the last command argument at prompt, in the order of last entered command to previous entered command. Just press and hold ‘**Alt**‘ or ‘**Esc**‘ and continue pressing ‘**.**‘.
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### 15. pv command ###
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You might have seen simulating text in **Movies** specially **Hollywood Movies**, where the text appears as if it is being typed in the Real time. You can echo any kind of text and output in simulating fashion using ‘**pv**‘ command, as pipelined above. The **pv** command might not be installed in your system, and you have to **apt** or **yum** the required packages to install ‘**pv**‘ into your box.
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root@localhost:# echo "Tecmint [dot] com is the world's best website for qualitative Linux article" | pv -qL 20
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**Sample Outpit**
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Tecmint [dot] com is the world's best website for qualitative Linux article
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### 16. mount | column -t ###
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The above command shows the list of all the mounted filesystem in a nice formatting with specification.
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avi@localhost:~$ mount | column -t
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**Sample Outpit**
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/dev/sda1on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro)
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tmpfson /lib/init/rw type tmpfs(rw,nosuid,mode=0755)
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proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
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sysfson /sys type sysfs(rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
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udev on /dev type tmpfs(rw,mode=0755)
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tmpfson /dev/shm type tmpfs(rw,nosuid,nodev)
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devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=620)
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fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw)
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binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
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nfsd on /proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd (rw)
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### 17. Ctr+l command ###
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Before going further, let me ask you how you clear your terminal. Hmmm! You type “**clear**” at prompt. Well the above command perform the action of cleaning your terminal all at a once. Just press “**Ctr+l**” and see how it clears your terminal all at once.
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### 18. curl command ###
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How about checking your **unread mail** from the **command line**. This command is very useful for those who work on headless server. Again it asks for password at run time and you need not hard code your password in the above line, which is otherwise a security risk.
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avi@localhost:~$ curl -u avishek1210@gmail.com --silent "https://mail.google.com/mail/feed/atom" | perl -ne 'print "\t" if //; print "$2\n" if /<(title|name)>(.*)<\/\1>/;'
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**Sample Outpit**
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Enter host password for user 'avishek1210@gmail.com':
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Gmail - Inbox for avishek1210@gmail.com
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People offering cars in Delhi - Oct 26
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Quikr Alerts
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another dependency question
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Chris Bannister
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Ralf Mardorf
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Reco
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Brian
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François Patte
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Curt
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Siard
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berenger.morel
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Hi Avishek - Download your Free MBA Brochure Now...
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Diya
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★Top Best Sellers Of The Week, Take Your Pick★
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Timesdeal
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aptitude misconfigure?
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Glenn English
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Choosing Debian version or derivative to run Wine when resource poor
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Chris Bannister
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Zenaan Harkness
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Curt
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Tom H
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Richard Owlett
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Ralf Mardorf
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Rob Owens
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### 19. screen Command ###
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The **screen** command makes it possible to detach a long running process from a session that can again be reattached, as and when required which provides flexibility in command execution.
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To run a process (long) we generally execute as
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avi@localhost:~$ ./long-unix-script.sh
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Which lacks flexibility and needs the user to continue with the current session, however if we execute the above command as.
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avi@localhost:~$ screen ./long-unix-script.sh
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It can be **de-attached** or **re-attached** in different sessions. When a command is executing press “**Ctrl + A**” and then “**d”** to **de-attach**. To attach run.
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avi@localhost:~$ screen -r 4980.pts-0.localhost
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**Note**: Here, the later part of this command is **screen id**, which you can get using ‘**screen -ls**‘ command. To know more about ‘**screen command**‘ and their usage, please read our article that shows some useful [10 screen commands with examples][4].
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### 20. file ###
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No! the above command is not a typo. ‘**file**‘ is a command which gives you information about the type of file.
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avi@localhost:~$ file 34.odt
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34.odt: OpenDocument Text
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### 21. id ###
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The above command print real and effective **user** and **group** ids.
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avi@localhost:~$ id
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**Sample Output**
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uid=1000(avi) gid=1000(avi)
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groups=1000(avi),24(cdrom),25(floppy),29(audio),30(dip),44(video),46(plugdev),109(netdev),111(bluetooth),117(scanner)
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That’s all for now. Seeing the success of last article of this series and this very article, I’ll be coming with another part of this article containing several other **Lesser Known Linux** commands very soon. Till then **Stay Tuned** and connected to **Tecmint**. Don’t Forget to provide us with your **value-able Feedback** in **Comments**.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.tecmint.com/10-lesser-known-linux-commands-part-2/
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/11-lesser-known-useful-linux-commands/
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[2]:http://www.searchsv.com.cn/showcontent_77595.htm
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[3]:http://www.tecmint.com/history-command-examples/
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[4]:http://www.tecmint.com/screen-command-examples-to-manage-linux-terminals/
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[5]:http://www.oschina.net/translate/11-lesser-known-useful-linux-commands
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229
translated/10 Lesser Known Linux Commands – Part 2.md
Normal file
229
translated/10 Lesser Known Linux Commands – Part 2.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
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十个鲜为人知的 Linux 命令 - Part 2
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================================================================================
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继续上篇文章[11个鲜为人知的实用Linux命令][1]（注：此文已经被其他网站翻译，链接：[http://www.searchsv.com.cn/showcontent_77595.htm][2]或者：[http://www.oschina.net/translate/11-lesser-known-useful-linux-commands][5])在本文中,我们将关注其他几个不为人知的Linux命令,有些在管理桌面和服务器方面被证明是非常有用的.
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*10个鲜为人知的Linux命令*
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###12. <space> 命令###
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你在终端上键入的每个命令都会记录到**history**,也能用**history**命令重新调用.
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如何骗过[history 命令][2]呢?呵呵,你可以轻而易举地做到.在终端,只需要在键入命令之前输入一个或多个空格,这样你的命令就不会被记录了.
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让我们体验一下吧,先在终端尝试五个常见的 Linux 命令并在命令之前留个空(例如** ls, pwd, uname, echo “hi”** 和 **who**),然后检查这些命令是不是记录在历史中.
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avi@localhost:~$ ls
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avi@localhost:~$ pwd
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avi@localhost:~$ uname
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avi@localhost:~$ echo “hi”
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avi@localhost:~$ who
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现在运行 ‘**history**‘ 命令来查看上面已执行的命令是否已经被记录了.
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avi@localhost:~$ history
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40 cd /dev/
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41 ls
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42 dd if=/dev/cdrom1 of=/home/avi/Desktop/squeeze.iso
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43 ping www.google.com
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44 su
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你看到没有最后执行的命令没有被记录.我们也可以用另一个命令‘**cat | bash**‘(不包含引号)欺骗history,结果跟上面一样.
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### 13. stat 命令 ###
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Linux中的**stat**命令用来显示文件或文件系统的状态信息.当用文件名作为参数时,**stat**将会展示文件的全部信息.状态信息包括文件 **大小, 块, 权限, 访问时间, 修改时间, 状态改变时间**等.
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avi@localhost:~$ stat 34.odt
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File: `34.odt'
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Size: 28822 Blocks: 64 IO Block: 4096 regular file
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Device: 801h/2049d Inode: 5030293 Links: 1
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Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 1000/ avi) Gid: ( 1000/ avi)
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Access: 2013-10-14 00:17:40.000000000 +0530
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Modify: 2013-10-01 15:20:17.000000000 +0530
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Change: 2013-10-01 15:20:17.000000000 +0530
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### 14. \<alt\>. 和 \<esc\>. ###
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上面的组合键事实上不是一个命令,而是传递最后一个命令参数到提示符后的快捷键,已输入命令的倒序方式传递命令.按住 ‘**Alt**‘ 或 ‘**Esc**‘再按一下 ‘**.**‘.
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### 15. pv 命令 ###
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在**电影**里尤其是**好莱坞电影**你可能已经看见过模拟文本了,像是在实时输入文字.你可以用**pv**命令仿照任何类型模拟风的文本输出,包括流水线输出.**pv**可能没有在你的系统上安装,你需要用**apt**或**yum**获取安装包,然后安装**pv**到你的机器.
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root@localhost:# echo "Tecmint [dot] com is the world's best website for qualitative Linux article" | pv -qL 20
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**输出样式**
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Tecmint [dot] com is the world''s best website for qualitative Linux article
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### 16. mount | colum -t ###
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上面的命令用一个很不错的格式与规范列出了所有挂载文件系统.
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avi@localhost:~$ mount | column -t
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**输出样式**
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/dev/sda1on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro)
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tmpfson /lib/init/rw type tmpfs(rw,nosuid,mode=0755)
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proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
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sysfson /sys type sysfs(rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
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udev on /dev type tmpfs(rw,mode=0755)
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tmpfson /dev/shm type tmpfs(rw,nosuid,nodev)
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devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=620)
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fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw)
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binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
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nfsd on /proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd (rw)
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### 17. Ctr+l 命令 ###
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在进行下一步之前,我先问一下,你是如何清理你的终端.呵呵!你会在提示符后键入 “**clear**”. 好的,用上面的命令执行清理终端都将成为过去.你只需要按下**Ctr+l**,看看它如何立即清理你的终端.
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### 18. curl 命令 ###
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在**命令行**下如何检查你的**未读文件**.这个命令对于工作在无头服务器的人佷有用.t它会在运行期间再次要求输入密码,你不需要在上面一行硬编码你的密码,否则会有另一个安全风险.
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avi@localhost:~$ curl -u avishek1210@gmail.com --silent "https://mail.google.com/mail/feed/atom" | perl -ne 'print \t if //; print "$2\n" if /<(title|name)>(.*)<\/\1>/;'
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**输出样式**
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Enter host password for user 'avishek1210@gmail.com':
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Gmail - Inbox for avishek1210@gmail.com
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People offering cars in Delhi - Oct 26
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Quikr Alerts
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another dependency question
|
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|
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Chris Bannister
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|
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Ralf Mardorf
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Reco
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|
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Brian
|
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|
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François Patte
|
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Curt
|
||||
|
||||
Siard
|
||||
|
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berenger.morel
|
||||
|
||||
Hi Avishek - Download your Free MBA Brochure Now...
|
||||
|
||||
Diya
|
||||
|
||||
★Top Best Sellers Of The Week, Take Your Pick★
|
||||
|
||||
Timesdeal
|
||||
|
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aptitude misconfigure?
|
||||
|
||||
Glenn English
|
||||
|
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Choosing Debian version or derivative to run Wine when resource poor
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|
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Chris Bannister
|
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|
||||
Zenaan Harkness
|
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|
||||
Curt
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|
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Tom H
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Richard Owlett
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Ralf Mardorf
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Rob Owens
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### 19.screen 命令 ###
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**screen**命令能断开一个会话下的一个长时间运行的进程并能再次连接,如有需要,也提供了灵活的可执行命令
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要运行一个长时间的进程,我们通常执行
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avi@localhost:~$ ./long-unix-script.sh
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缺乏灵活性,需要用户持续当前的会话,但是如果我们执行上面的命令是.
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avi@localhost:~$ screen ./long-unix-script.sh
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它能在不同会话间断开或重连.当一个命令正在执行时按“**Ctrl + A**”然后再按“**d”** 执行**断开**.重新连接运行.
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avi@localhost:~$ screen -r 4980.pts-0.localhost
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**注解**:在这里,这个命令的最后部分是**screen id**,你能用‘**screen -ls**‘命令查看.欲了解更多关于**screen命令**和它们的用法,请阅读我们的一些帮助文章[10 个screen命令的示例][4].
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### 20. file ###
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No!写上面的命令不是笔误. ‘**file**‘是一个能提供关于文件类型信息的命令.
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avi@localhost:~$ file 34.odt
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34.odt: OpenDocument Text
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### 21. id ###
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上面的命令会打印真正的和有效的**用户**和**组**的id.
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avi@localhost:~$ id
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**Sample Output**
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uid=1000(avi) gid=1000(avi)
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groups=1000(avi),24(cdrom),25(floppy),29(audio),30(dip),44(video),46(plugdev),109(netdev),111(bluetooth),117(scanner)
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到此为止.鉴于这个系列的最新的这篇文章的成功,我将会尽快推出另外几部分文章继续**鲜为人知的Linux命令**.到时候,敬请关注Tecmint.不要忘记给我们提供你的**反馈**和**评论**.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/10-lesser-known-linux-commands-part-2/
|
||||
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译者：[Luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
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|
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
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[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/11-lesser-known-useful-linux-commands/
|
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[2]:http://www.searchsv.com.cn/showcontent_77595.htm
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[3]:http://www.tecmint.com/history-command-examples/
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[4]:http://www.tecmint.com/screen-command-examples-to-manage-linux-terminals/
|
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[5]:http://www.oschina.net/translate/11-lesser-known-useful-linux-commands
|
||||
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