mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2025-02-25 00:50:15 +08:00
Merge pull request #1178 from Linchenguang/master
[翻译完成]Linux--Bash Delete All Files In Directory Except Few
This commit is contained in:
Xingyu.Wang
commit
999dcbd108
@ -1,112 +0,0 @@
|
||||
>> chenguang is translating
|
||||
|
||||
Linux: Bash Delete All Files In Directory Except Few
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
I'm a new Linux system user. I need to cleanup in a download directory i.e. delete all files from ~/Downloads/ folders except the following types:
|
||||
|
||||
*.iso - All iso images files.
|
||||
*.zip - All zip files.
|
||||
|
||||
How do I delete all file except some in bash shell on a Linux, OS X or Unix-like systems?
|
||||
|
||||
Bash shell supports rich file pattern matching such as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
- * - Match any files.
|
||||
- ? - Matches any single character in filenames.
|
||||
- [...] - Matches any one of the enclosed characters.
|
||||
|
||||
### Method #1: Say hello to extended pattern matching operators ###
|
||||
|
||||
You need to use the extglob shell option using the shopt builtin command to use extended pattern matching operators such as:
|
||||
|
||||
1. ?(pattern-list) - Matches zero or one occurrence of the given patterns.
|
||||
1. *(pattern-list) - Matches zero or more occurrences of the given patterns.
|
||||
1. +(pattern-list) - Matches one or more occurrences of the given patterns.
|
||||
1. @(pattern-list) - Matches one of the given patterns.
|
||||
1. !(pattern-list) - Matches anything except one of the given patterns.
|
||||
|
||||
A pattern-list is nothing but a list of one or more patterns (filename) separated by a |. First, turn on extglob option:
|
||||
|
||||
shopt -s extglob
|
||||
|
||||
#### Bash remove all files except *.zip and *.iso files ####
|
||||
|
||||
The rm command syntax is:
|
||||
|
||||
## Delete all file except file1 ##
|
||||
rm !(file1)
|
||||
|
||||
## Delete all file except file1 and file2 ##
|
||||
rm !(file1|file2)
|
||||
|
||||
## Delete all file except all zip files ##
|
||||
rm !(*.zip)
|
||||
|
||||
## Delete all file except all zip and iso files ##
|
||||
rm !(*.zip|*.iso)
|
||||
|
||||
## You set full path too ##
|
||||
rm /Users/vivek/!(*.zip|*.iso|*.mp3)
|
||||
|
||||
## Pass options ##
|
||||
rm [options] !(*.zip|*.iso)
|
||||
rm -v !(*.zip|*.iso)
|
||||
rm -f !(*.zip|*.iso)
|
||||
rm -v -i !(*.php)
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, turn off extglob option:
|
||||
|
||||
shopt -u extglob
|
||||
|
||||
### Method #2: Using bash GLOBIGNORE variable to remove all files except specific ones ###
|
||||
|
||||
From the [bash(1)][1] page:
|
||||
|
||||
> A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to be ignored by pathname expansion. If a filename matched by a pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in GLOBIGNORE, it is removed from the list of matches.
|
||||
|
||||
To delete all files except zip and iso files, set GLOBIGNORE as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
## only works with BASH ##
|
||||
cd ~/Downloads/
|
||||
GLOBIGNORE=*.zip:*.iso
|
||||
rm -v *
|
||||
unset GLOBIGNORE
|
||||
|
||||
### Method #3: Find command to rm all files except zip and iso files ###
|
||||
|
||||
If you are using tcsh/csh/sh/ksh or any other shell, try the following find command syntax on a Unix-like system to delete files:
|
||||
|
||||
find /dir/ -type f -not -name 'PATTERN' -delete
|
||||
|
||||
OR
|
||||
|
||||
## deals with weird file names using xargs ##
|
||||
find /dir/ -type f -not -name 'PATTERN' -print0 | xargs -0 -I {} rm {}
|
||||
find /dir/ -type f -not -name 'PATTERN' -print0 | xargs -0 -I {} rm [options] {}
|
||||
|
||||
To delete all files except php files in ~/sources/ directory, type:
|
||||
|
||||
find ~/sources/ -type f -not -name '*.php' -delete
|
||||
|
||||
OR
|
||||
|
||||
find ~/sources/ -type f -not -name '*.php' -print0 | xargs -0 -I {} rm -v {}
|
||||
|
||||
The syntax to delete all files except *.zip and *.iso is as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
find . -type f -not \( -name '*zip' -or -name '*iso' \) -delete
|
||||
|
||||
For more information see [bash command man page][1] and [find command man page][2].
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-bash-delete-all-files-in-directory-except-few/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.manpager.com/linux/man1/bash.1.html
|
||||
[2]:http://www.manpager.com/linux/man1/find.1.html
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
|
||||
Linux：使用bash删除目录中的特定文件
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
我是一个Linux新手用户。现在我需要清理一个下载目录中的文件，其实我就是想删除～/Download/文件夹下面除了以下格式的文件外所以其它文件：
|
||||
*.iso - 所有的iso格式的文件。
|
||||
*.zip - 所有zip格式的文件。
|
||||
|
||||
我如何在一个基于Linux，OS X 或者Unix-like系统上的bash shell中删除特定的文件呢？
|
||||
|
||||
Bash shell 支持丰富的文件模式匹配符例如：
|
||||
|
||||
- * － 匹配所有的文件。
|
||||
- ？ － 匹配文件名中的单个字母。
|
||||
- [...] － 匹配封闭括号中的任何一个字母。
|
||||
|
||||
### 策略 #1: 见识一下扩展的模式匹配符 ###
|
||||
|
||||
这里你需要用系统内置的shopt命令来开启shell中的extglob选项，然后你就可以使用扩展的模式符了，这些模式匹配符如下：
|
||||
|
||||
1. ?(pattern-list) － 匹配零次或一次给定的模式。
|
||||
1. *(pattern-list) －至少匹配零次给定的模式。
|
||||
1. +(pattern-list) － 至少匹配一次给定的模式。
|
||||
1. @(pattern-list) － 匹配一次给定的模式。
|
||||
1. !(pattern-list) － 匹配所有除给定模式以外的模式。
|
||||
|
||||
一个模式列表就是一个或多个用 | 分开的模式（文件名）。首先打开extgolb选项：
|
||||
|
||||
shopt -s extglob
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在Bash中删掉除*.zip和*.iso文件以外的所有文件 ####
|
||||
|
||||
rm 命令的语法格式为：
|
||||
|
||||
## 仅保留 file1 文件 ##
|
||||
rm !(file1)
|
||||
|
||||
## 仅保留 file1 和 file2 文件##
|
||||
rm !(file1|file2)
|
||||
|
||||
## 仅保留 zip 文件 ##
|
||||
rm !(*.zip)
|
||||
|
||||
## 仅保留 zip 和 iso 文件 ##
|
||||
rm !(*.zip|*.iso)
|
||||
|
||||
## 你也可以使用完整的目录 ##
|
||||
rm /Users/vivek/!(*.zip|*.iso|*.mp3)
|
||||
|
||||
## 传递参数 ##
|
||||
rm [options] !(*.zip|*.iso)
|
||||
rm -v !(*.zip|*.iso)
|
||||
rm -f !(*.zip|*.iso)
|
||||
rm -v -i !(*.php)
|
||||
|
||||
最后，关闭 extglob 选项：
|
||||
|
||||
shopt -u extglob
|
||||
|
||||
### 策略 #2: 使用bash的 GLOBIGNORE 变量删除指定文件以外的所有文件 ###
|
||||
|
||||
摘自 [bash(1)][1] 手册页:
|
||||
> 一个用冒号分开的模式列表定义了被路径扩展忽略的文件的集合。如果一个文件同时与路径扩展模式和GLOBIGNORE中的模式匹配，那么它就从匹配列表中移除了。
|
||||
|
||||
要删除所有文件只保留 zip 和 iso 文件，应如下设置 GLOBIGNORE：
|
||||
|
||||
## 只在 BASH 中可行 ##
|
||||
cd ~/Downloads/
|
||||
GLOBIGNORE=*.zip:*.iso
|
||||
rm -v *
|
||||
unset GLOBIGNORE
|
||||
|
||||
### 策略 #3: 用 find 命令删除所有其它文件仅保留 zip 和 iso 文件 ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如果你正在使用 tcsh/csh/sh/ksh 或者其它shell，你可以在Unix－like系统上试着用下面find命令的语法格式来删除文件：
|
||||
|
||||
find /dir/ -type f -not -name 'PATTERN' -delete
|
||||
|
||||
或者
|
||||
|
||||
## 对于怪异的文件名可以使用 xargs ##
|
||||
find /dir/ -type f -not -name 'PATTERN' -print0 | xargs -0 -I {} rm {}
|
||||
find /dir/ -type f -not -name 'PATTERN' -print0 | xargs -0 -I {} rm [options] {}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
为了删除 ～/source 目录下除 php 以外的文件，键入：
|
||||
|
||||
find ~/sources/ -type f -not -name '*.php' -delete
|
||||
|
||||
或者
|
||||
|
||||
find ~/sources/ -type f -not -name '*.php' -print0 | xargs -0 -I {} rm -v {}
|
||||
|
||||
只保留 *.zip 和 *.iso 文件的语法如下：
|
||||
|
||||
find . -type f -not \( -name '*zip' -or -name '*iso' \) -delete
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
更多信息参见[bash command man page][1]和[find command man page][2]。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-bash-delete-all-files-in-directory-except-few/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Linchenguang](https://github.com/Linchenguang) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.manpager.com/linux/man1/bash.1.html
|
||||
[2]:http://www.manpager.com/linux/man1/find.1.html
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user