From 999a554269f912644b3d66f9123ba1f87be4f215 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ictlyh Date: Sat, 26 Sep 2015 15:29:31 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] [Translated]sources/tech/20150911 5 Useful Commands to Manage File Types and System Time in Linu--Part 3.md --- ...e Types and System Time in Linu--Part 3.md | 280 ------------------ ...e Types and System Time in Linu--Part 3.md | 279 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 279 insertions(+), 280 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20150911 5 Useful Commands to Manage File Types and System Time in Linu--Part 3.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20150911 5 Useful Commands to Manage File Types and System Time in Linu--Part 3.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20150911 5 Useful Commands to Manage File Types and System Time in Linu--Part 3.md b/sources/tech/20150911 5 Useful Commands to Manage File Types and System Time in Linu--Part 3.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6f4d1a63f5..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20150911 5 Useful Commands to Manage File Types and System Time in Linu--Part 3.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,280 +0,0 @@ -ictlyh Translating -5 Useful Commands to Manage File Types and System Time in Linux – Part 3 -================================================================================ -Adapting to using the command line or terminal can be very hard for beginners who want to learn Linux. Because the terminal gives more control over a Linux system than GUIs programs, one has to get a used to running commands on the terminal. Therefore to memorize different commands in Linux, you should use the terminal on a daily basis to understand how commands are used with different options and arguments. - -![Manage File Types and Set Time in Linux](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Find-File-Types-in-Linux.jpg) - -Manage File Types and Set Time in Linux – Part 3 - -Please go through our previous parts of this [Linux Tricks][1] series. - -- [5 Interesting Command Line Tips and Tricks in Linux – Part 1][2] -- [ Useful Commandline Tricks for Newbies – Part 2][3] - -In this article, we are going to look at some tips and tricks of using 10 commands to work with files and time on the terminal. - -### File Types in Linux ### - -In Linux, everything is considered as a file, your devices, directories and regular files are all considered as files. - -There are different types of files in a Linux system: - -- Regular files which may include commands, documents, music files, movies, images, archives and so on. -- Device files: which are used by the system to access your hardware components. - -There are two types of device files block files that represent storage devices such as harddisks, they read data in blocks and character files read data in a character by character manner. - -- Hardlinks and softlinks: they are used to access files from any where on a Linux filesystem. -- Named pipes and sockets: allow different processes to communicate with each other. - -#### 1. Determining the type of a file using ‘file’ command #### - -You can determine the type of a file by using the file command as follows. The screenshot below shows different examples of using the file command to determine the types of different files. - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ dir - BACKUP master.zip - crossroads-stable.tar.gz num.txt - EDWARD-MAYA-2011-2012-NEW-REMIX.mp3 reggea.xspf - Linux-Security-Optimization-Book.gif tmp-link - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ file BACKUP/ - BACKUP/: directory - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ file master.zip - master.zip: Zip archive data, at least v1.0 to extract - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ file crossroads-stable.tar.gz - crossroads-stable.tar.gz: gzip compressed data, from Unix, last modified: Tue Apr 5 15:15:20 2011 - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ file Linux-Security-Optimization-Book.gif - Linux-Security-Optimization-Book.gif: GIF image data, version 89a, 200 x 259 - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ file EDWARD-MAYA-2011-2012-NEW-REMIX.mp3 - EDWARD-MAYA-2011-2012-NEW-REMIX.mp3: Audio file with ID3 version 2.3.0, contains: MPEG ADTS, layer III, v1, 192 kbps, 44.1 kHz, JntStereo - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ file /dev/sda1 - /dev/sda1: block special - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ file /dev/tty1 - /dev/tty1: character special - -#### 2. Determining the file type using ‘ls’ and ‘dir’ commands #### - -Another way of determining the type of a file is by performing a long listing using the ls and [dir][4] commands. - -Using ls -l to determine the type of a file. - -When you view the file permissions, the first character shows the file type and the other charcters show the file permissions. - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ ls -l - total 6908 - drwxr-xr-x 2 tecmint tecmint 4096 Sep 9 11:46 BACKUP - -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 1075620 Sep 9 11:47 crossroads-stable.tar.gz - -rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint 5916085 Sep 9 11:49 EDWARD-MAYA-2011-2012-NEW-REMIX.mp3 - -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 42122 Sep 9 11:49 Linux-Security-Optimization-Book.gif - -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 17627 Sep 9 11:46 master.zip - -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 5 Sep 9 11:48 num.txt - -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 0 Sep 9 11:46 reggea.xspf - -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 5 Sep 9 11:47 tmp-link - -Using ls -l to determine block and character files. - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ ls -l /dev/sda1 - brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 1 Sep 9 10:53 /dev/sda1 - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ ls -l /dev/tty1 - crw-rw---- 1 root tty 4, 1 Sep 9 10:54 /dev/tty1 - -Using dir -l to determine the type of a file. - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ dir -l - total 6908 - drwxr-xr-x 2 tecmint tecmint 4096 Sep 9 11:46 BACKUP - -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 1075620 Sep 9 11:47 crossroads-stable.tar.gz - -rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint 5916085 Sep 9 11:49 EDWARD-MAYA-2011-2012-NEW-REMIX.mp3 - -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 42122 Sep 9 11:49 Linux-Security-Optimization-Book.gif - -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 17627 Sep 9 11:46 master.zip - -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 5 Sep 9 11:48 num.txt - -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 0 Sep 9 11:46 reggea.xspf - -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 5 Sep 9 11:47 tmp-link - -#### 3. Counting number of files of a specific type #### - -Next we shall look at tips on counting number of files of a specific type in a given directory using the ls, [grep][5] and [wc][6] commands. Communication between the commands is achieved through named piping. - -- grep – command to search according to a given pattern or regular expression. -- wc – command to count lines, words and characters. - -Counting number of regular files - -In Linux, regular files are represented by the `–` symbol. - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ ls -l | grep ^- | wc -l - 7 - -**Counting number of directories** - -In Linux, directories are represented by the `d` symbol. - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ ls -l | grep ^d | wc -l - 1 - -**Counting number of symbolic and hard links** - -In Linux, symblic and hard links are represented by the l symbol. - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ ls -l | grep ^l | wc -l - 0 - -**Counting number of block and character files** - -In Linux, block and character files are represented by the `b` and `c` symbols respectively. - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ ls -l /dev | grep ^b | wc -l - 37 - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ ls -l /dev | grep ^c | wc -l - 159 - -#### 4. Finding files on a Linux system #### - -Next we shall look at some commands one can use to find files on a Linux system, these include the locate, find, whatis and which commands. - -**Using the locate command to find files** - -In the output below, I am trying to locate the [Samba server configuration][7] for my system. - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ locate samba.conf - /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/samba.conf - /var/lib/dpkg/info/samba.conffiles - -**Using the find command to find files** - -To learn how to use the find command in Linux, you can read our following article that shows more than 30+ practical examples and usage of find command in Linux. - -- [35 Examples of ‘find’ Command in Linux][8] - -**Using the whatis command to locate commands** - -The whatis command is mostly used to locate commands and it is special because it gives information about a command, it also finds configurations files and manual entries for a command. - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ whatis bash - bash (1) - GNU Bourne-Again SHell - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ whatis find - find (1) - search for files in a directory hierarchy - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ whatis ls - ls (1) - list directory contents - -**Using which command to locate commands** - -The which command is used to locate commands on the filesystem. - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ which mkdir - /bin/mkdir - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ which bash - /bin/bash - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ which find - /usr/bin/find - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ $ which ls - /bin/ls - -#### 5. Working with time on your Linux system #### - -When working in a networked environment, it is a good practice to keep the correct time on your Linux system. There are certain services on Linux systems that require correct time to work efficiently on a network. - -We shall look at commands you can use to manage time on your machine. In Linux, time is managed in two ways: system time and hardware time. - -The system time is managed by a system clock and the hardware time is managed by a hardware clock. - -To view your system time, date and timezone, use the date command as follows. - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ date - Wed Sep 9 12:25:40 IST 2015 - -Set your system time using date -s or date –set=”STRING” as follows. - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ sudo date -s "12:27:00" - Wed Sep 9 12:27:00 IST 2015 - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ sudo date --set="12:27:00" - Wed Sep 9 12:27:00 IST 2015 - -You can also set time and date as follows. - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ sudo date 090912302015 - Wed Sep 9 12:30:00 IST 2015 - -Viewing current date from a calendar using cal command. - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ cal - September 2015 - Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa - 1 2 3 4 5 - 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 - 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 - 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 - 27 28 29 30 - -View hardware clock time using the hwclock command. - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ sudo hwclock - Wednesday 09 September 2015 06:02:58 PM IST -0.200081 seconds - -To set the hardware clock time, use hwclock –set –date=”STRING” as follows. - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ sudo hwclock --set --date="09/09/2015 12:33:00" - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ sudo hwclock - Wednesday 09 September 2015 12:33:11 PM IST -0.891163 seconds - -The system time is set by the hardware clock during booting and when the system is shutting down, the hardware time is reset to the system time. - -Therefore when you view system time and hardware time, they are the same unless when you change the system time. Your hardware time may be incorrect when the CMOS battery is weak. - -You can also set your system time using time from the hardware clock as follows. - - $ sudo hwclock --hctosys - -It is also possible to set hardware clock time using the system clock time as follows. - - $ sudo hwclock --systohc - -To view how long your Linux system has been running, use the uptime command. - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ uptime - 12:36:27 up 1:43, 2 users, load average: 1.39, 1.34, 1.45 - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ uptime -p - up 1 hour, 43 minutes - - tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ uptime -s - 2015-09-09 10:52:47 - -### Summary ### - -Understanding file types is Linux is a good practice for begginers, and also managing time is critical especially on servers to manage services reliably and efficiently. Hope you find this guide helpful. If you have any additional information, do not forget to post a comment. Stay connected to Tecmint. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.tecmint.com/manage-file-types-and-set-system-time-in-linux/ - -作者：[Aaron Kili][a] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/aaronkili/ -[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/tag/linux-tricks/ -[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/free-online-linux-learning-guide-for-beginners/ -[3]:http://www.tecmint.com/10-useful-linux-command-line-tricks-for-newbies/ -[4]:http://www.tecmint.com/linux-dir-command-usage-with-examples/ -[5]:http://www.tecmint.com/12-practical-examples-of-linux-grep-command/ -[6]:http://www.tecmint.com/wc-command-examples/ -[7]:http://www.tecmint.com/setup-samba-file-sharing-for-linux-windows-clients/ -[8]:http://www.tecmint.com/35-practical-examples-of-linux-find-command/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/tech/20150911 5 Useful Commands to Manage File Types and System Time in Linu--Part 3.md b/translated/tech/20150911 5 Useful Commands to Manage File Types and System Time in Linu--Part 3.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..601f753341 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20150911 5 Useful Commands to Manage File Types and System Time in Linu--Part 3.md @@ -0,0 +1,279 @@ +Linux 中管理文件类型和系统时间的 5 个有用命令 - 第三部分 +================================================================================ +对于想学习 Linux 的初学者来说要适应使用命令行或者终端可能非常困难。由于终端比图形用户界面程序更能帮助用户控制 Linux 系统，我们必须习惯在终端中运行命令。因此为了有效记忆 Linux 不同的命令，你应该每天使用终端并明白怎样将命令和不同选项以及参数一同使用。 + +![在 Linux 中管理文件类型并设置时间](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Find-File-Types-in-Linux.jpg) + +在 Linux 中管理文件类型并设置时间 - 第三部分 + +请先查看我们 [Linux 小技巧][1]系列之前的文章。 + +- [Linux 中 5 个有趣的命令行提示和技巧 - 第一部分][2] +- [给新手的有用命令行技巧 - 第二部分][3] + +在这篇文章中，我们打算看看终端中 10 个和文件以及时间相关的提示和技巧。 + +### Linux 中的文件类型 ### + +在 Linux 中，一切皆文件，你的设备、目录以及普通文件都认为是文件。 + +Linux 系统中文件有不同的类型： + +- 普通文件：可能包含命令、文档、音频文件、视频、图像，归档文件等。 +- 设备文件：系统用于访问你硬件组件。 + +这里有两种表示存储设备的设备文件块文件，例如硬盘，它们以快读取数据，字符文件，以逐个字符读取数据。 + +- 硬链接和软链接：用于在 Linux 文件系统的任意地方访问文件。 +- 命名管道和套接字：允许不同的进程彼此之间交互。 + +#### 1. 用 ‘file’ 命令确定文件类型 #### + +你可以像下面这样使用 file 命令确定文件的类型。下面的截图显示了用 file 命令确定不同文件类型的例子。 + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ dir + BACKUP master.zip + crossroads-stable.tar.gz num.txt + EDWARD-MAYA-2011-2012-NEW-REMIX.mp3 reggea.xspf + Linux-Security-Optimization-Book.gif tmp-link + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ file BACKUP/ + BACKUP/: directory + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ file master.zip + master.zip: Zip archive data, at least v1.0 to extract + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ file crossroads-stable.tar.gz + crossroads-stable.tar.gz: gzip compressed data, from Unix, last modified: Tue Apr 5 15:15:20 2011 + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ file Linux-Security-Optimization-Book.gif + Linux-Security-Optimization-Book.gif: GIF image data, version 89a, 200 x 259 + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ file EDWARD-MAYA-2011-2012-NEW-REMIX.mp3 + EDWARD-MAYA-2011-2012-NEW-REMIX.mp3: Audio file with ID3 version 2.3.0, contains: MPEG ADTS, layer III, v1, 192 kbps, 44.1 kHz, JntStereo + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ file /dev/sda1 + /dev/sda1: block special + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ file /dev/tty1 + /dev/tty1: character special + +#### 2. 用 ‘ls’ 和 ‘dir’ 命令确定文件类型 #### + +确定文件类型的另一种方式是用 ls 和 [dir][4] 命令显示一长串结果。 + +用 ls -l 确定一个文件的类型。 + +当你查看文件权限时，第一个字符显示了文件类型，其它字符显示文件权限。 + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ ls -l + total 6908 + drwxr-xr-x 2 tecmint tecmint 4096 Sep 9 11:46 BACKUP + -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 1075620 Sep 9 11:47 crossroads-stable.tar.gz + -rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint 5916085 Sep 9 11:49 EDWARD-MAYA-2011-2012-NEW-REMIX.mp3 + -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 42122 Sep 9 11:49 Linux-Security-Optimization-Book.gif + -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 17627 Sep 9 11:46 master.zip + -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 5 Sep 9 11:48 num.txt + -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 0 Sep 9 11:46 reggea.xspf + -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 5 Sep 9 11:47 tmp-link + +使用 ls -l 确定块和字符文件 + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ ls -l /dev/sda1 + brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 1 Sep 9 10:53 /dev/sda1 + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ ls -l /dev/tty1 + crw-rw---- 1 root tty 4, 1 Sep 9 10:54 /dev/tty1 + +使用 dir -l 确定一个文件的类型。 + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ dir -l + total 6908 + drwxr-xr-x 2 tecmint tecmint 4096 Sep 9 11:46 BACKUP + -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 1075620 Sep 9 11:47 crossroads-stable.tar.gz + -rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint 5916085 Sep 9 11:49 EDWARD-MAYA-2011-2012-NEW-REMIX.mp3 + -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 42122 Sep 9 11:49 Linux-Security-Optimization-Book.gif + -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 17627 Sep 9 11:46 master.zip + -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 5 Sep 9 11:48 num.txt + -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 0 Sep 9 11:46 reggea.xspf + -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 5 Sep 9 11:47 tmp-link + +#### 3. 统计指定类型文件的数目 #### + +下面我们来看看在一个目录中用 ls，[grep][5] 和 [wc][6] 命令统计指定类型文件数目的技巧。命令之间的交互通过命名管道完成。 + +- grep – 用户根据给定模式或正则表达式进行搜索的命令。 +- wc – 用于统计行、字和字符的命令。 + +**统计普通文件的数目** + +在 Linux 中，普通文件用符号 `-` 表示。 + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ ls -l | grep ^- | wc -l + 7 + +**统计目录的数目** + +在 Linux 中，目录用符号 `d` 表示。 + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ ls -l | grep ^d | wc -l + 1 + +**统计符号链接和硬链接的数目** + +在 Linux 中，符号链接和硬链接用符号 `l` 表示。 + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ ls -l | grep ^l | wc -l + 0 + +**统计块文件和字符文件的数目** + +在 Linux 中，块和字符文件用符号 `b` 和 `c` 表示。 + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ ls -l /dev | grep ^b | wc -l + 37 + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ ls -l /dev | grep ^c | wc -l + 159 + +#### 4. 在 Linux 系统中查找文件 #### + +下面我们来看看在 Linux 系统中查找文件一些命令，它们包括 locate、find、whatis 和 which 命令。 + +**用 locate 命令查找文件** + +在下面的输出中，我想要定位系统中的 [Samba 服务器配置文件][7] + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ locate samba.conf + /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/samba.conf + /var/lib/dpkg/info/samba.conffiles + +**用 find 命令查找文件** + +想要学习如何在 Linux 中使用 find 命令，你可以阅读我们以下的文章，里面列出了 find 命令的 30 多个例子和使用方法。 + +- [Linux 中 35 个 ‘find’ 命令示例][8] + +**用 whatis 命令定位命令** + +whatis 命令通常用于定位命令，它很特殊，因为它给出关于一个命令的信息，它还能查找配置文件和命令的帮助手册条目。 + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ whatis bash + bash (1) - GNU Bourne-Again SHell + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ whatis find + find (1) - search for files in a directory hierarchy + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ whatis ls + ls (1) - list directory contents + +**用 which 命令定位命令** + +which 命令用于定位文件系统中的命令。 + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ which mkdir + /bin/mkdir + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ which bash + /bin/bash + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ which find + /usr/bin/find + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ $ which ls + /bin/ls + +#### 5.处理 Linux 系统的时间 #### + +在联网环境中，保持你 Linux 系统时间准确是一个好的习惯。Linux 系统中有很多服务要求时间正确才能在联网条件下正常工作。 + +让我们来看看你可以用来管理你机器时间的命令。在 Linux 中，有两种方式管理时间：系统时间和硬件时间。 + +系统时间由系统时钟管理，硬件时间由硬件时钟管理。 + +要查看你的系统时间、日期和时区，像下面这样使用 date 命令。 + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ date + Wed Sep 9 12:25:40 IST 2015 + +像下面这样用 date -s 或 date -set=“STRING” 设置系统时间。 + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ sudo date -s "12:27:00" + Wed Sep 9 12:27:00 IST 2015 + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ sudo date --set="12:27:00" + Wed Sep 9 12:27:00 IST 2015 + +你也可以像下面这样设置时间和日期。 + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ sudo date 090912302015 + Wed Sep 9 12:30:00 IST 2015 + +使用 cal 命令从日历中查看当前日期。 + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ cal + September 2015 + Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa + 1 2 3 4 5 + 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 + 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 + 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 + 27 28 29 30 + +使用 hwclock 命令查看硬件始终时间。 + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ sudo hwclock + Wednesday 09 September 2015 06:02:58 PM IST -0.200081 seconds + +要设置硬件时钟时间，像下面这样使用 hwclock –set –date=“STRING” 命令。 + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ sudo hwclock --set --date="09/09/2015 12:33:00" + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ sudo hwclock + Wednesday 09 September 2015 12:33:11 PM IST -0.891163 seconds + +系统时间是由硬件始终时间在启动时设置的，系统关闭时，硬件时间被重置为系统时间。 + +因此你查看系统时间和硬件时间时，它们是一样的，除非你更改了系统时间。当你的 CMOS 电量不足时，硬件时间可能不正确。 + +你也可以像下面这样使用硬件时钟的时间设置系统时间。 + + $ sudo hwclock --hctosys + +也可以像下面这样用系统时钟时间设置硬件时钟时间。 + + $ sudo hwclock --systohc + +要查看你的 Linux 系统已经运行了多长时间，可以使用 uptime 命令。 + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ uptime + 12:36:27 up 1:43, 2 users, load average: 1.39, 1.34, 1.45 + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ uptime -p + up 1 hour, 43 minutes + + tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ uptime -s + 2015-09-09 10:52:47 + +### 总结 ### + +对于初学者来说理解 Linux 中的文件类型是一个好的尝试，同时时间管理也非常重要，尤其是在需要可靠有效地管理服务的服务器上。希望这篇指南能对你有所帮助。如果你有任何反馈，别忘了给我们写评论。和 Tecmint 保持联系。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.tecmint.com/manage-file-types-and-set-system-time-in-linux/ + +作者：[Aaron Kili][a] +译者：[ictlyh](http://www.mutouxiaogui.cn/blog/) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/aaronkili/ +[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/tag/linux-tricks/ +[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/free-online-linux-learning-guide-for-beginners/ +[3]:http://www.tecmint.com/10-useful-linux-command-line-tricks-for-newbies/ +[4]:http://www.tecmint.com/linux-dir-command-usage-with-examples/ +[5]:http://www.tecmint.com/12-practical-examples-of-linux-grep-command/ +[6]:http://www.tecmint.com/wc-command-examples/ +[7]:http://www.tecmint.com/setup-samba-file-sharing-for-linux-windows-clients/ +[8]:http://www.tecmint.com/35-practical-examples-of-linux-find-command/ \ No newline at end of file