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The Vrms Program Helps You To Find Non-free Software In Debian
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======
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The other day I was reading an interesting guide that explained the [**difference between free and open source software on Digital ocean**][1]. Until then, I thought both are more or less same. Oh man, I was wrong. There are few significant differences between them. While reading that article, I was wondering how to find non-free software in Linux, hence this post.
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### Say hello to “Virtual Richard M. Stallman”, a Perl script to find Non-free Software in Debian
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The **Virtual Richard M. Stallman** , shortly **vrms** , is a program, written in Perl, that analyzes the list of installed software on your Debian-based systems and reports all of the packages from non-free and contrib trees which are currently installed. For those wondering, a free software should meet the following [**four essential freedoms**][2].
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* **Freedom 0** – The freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose.
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* **Freedom 1** – The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to your needs. Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
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* **Freedom 2** – The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor.
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* **Freedom 3** – The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements to the public, so that the whole community benefits. Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
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Any software that doesn’t meet the above four conditions are not considered as a free software. In a nutshell, a **Free software means the users have the freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software.**
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Now let us find if the installed software is free or non-free, shall we?
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The Vrms package is available in the default repositories of Debian and its derivatives like Ubuntu. So, you can install it using apt package manager using the following command.
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```
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$ sudo apt-get install vrms
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```
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Once installed, run the following command to find non-free software in your debian-based system.
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```
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$ vrms
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```
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Sample output from my Ubuntu 16.04 LTS desktop.
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```
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Non-free packages installed on ostechnix
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unrar Unarchiver for .rar files (non-free version)
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1 non-free packages, 0.0% of 2103 installed packages.
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```
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![][4]
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As you can see in the above screenshot, I have one non-free package installed in my Ubuntu box.
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If you don’t have any non-free packages on your system, you should see the following output instead.
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```
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No non-free or contrib packages installed on ostechnix! rms would be proud.
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```
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Vrms can able to find non-free packages not just on Debian but also from Ubuntu, Linux Mint and other deb-based systems as well.
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**Limitations**
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The Vrms program has some limitations though. Like I already mentioned, it lists the packages from the non-free and contrib sections installed. However, some distributions doesn’t follow the policy which ensures proprietary software only ends up in repository sections recognized by vrms as “non-free” and they make no effort to preserve this separation. In such cases, Vrms won’t recognize the non-free software and will always report that you have non-free software installed on your system. If you’re using distros like Debian and Ubuntu that follows the policy of keeping proprietary software in a non-free repositories, Vrms will definitely help you to find the non-free packages.
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And, that’s all. Hope this was useful. More good stuffs to come. Stay tuned!
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Happy Tamil new year wishes to all Tamil folks around the world!
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Cheers!
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.ostechnix.com/the-vrms-program-helps-you-to-find-non-free-software-in-debian/
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作者：[SK][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
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[1]:https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/Free-vs-Open-Source-Software
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[2]:https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html
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[3]:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7
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[4]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/vrms.png
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@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
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Vrms 助你在 Debian 中查找非自由软件
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======
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有一天，我在阅读一篇有趣的指南，它解释了[**在数字海洋中的自由和开源软件之间的区别**][1]。在此之前，我认为两者都差不多。但是，我错了。它们之间有一些显著差异。在阅读那篇文章时，我想知道如何在 Linux 中找到非自由软件，因此有了这篇文章。
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### 向 “Virtual Richard M. Stallman” 问好，这是一个在 Debian 中查找非自由软件的 Perl 脚本
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**Virtual Richard M. Stallman** ，简称 **vrms**，是一个用 Perl 编写的程序，它在你基于 Debian 的系统上分析已安装软件的列表，并报告所有来自非自由和 contrib 树的已安装软件包。对于那些疑惑的人，免费软件应该符合以下[**四项基本自由**][2]。
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* **自由 0** – 不管任何目的，随意运行程序的自由。
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* **自由 1** – 自由研究程序如何工作，并根据你的需求进行调整。访问源代码是一个先决条件。
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* **自由 2** – 自由重新分发拷贝，这样你可以帮助别人。
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* **自由 3** – 自由改进程序，并向公众发布改进，以便整个社区获益。访问源代码是一个先决条件。
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任何不满足上述四个条件的软件都不被视为自由软件。简而言之，**自由软件意味着用户可以自由运行、拷贝、分发、研究、修改和改进软件。**
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现在让我们来看看安装的软件是自由的还是非自由的，好么？
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Vrms 包存在于 Debian 及其衍生版（如 Ubuntu）的默认仓库中。因此，你可以使用 apt 包管理器安装它，使用下面的命令。
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```
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$ sudo apt-get install vrms
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```
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安装完成后，运行以下命令，在基于 debian 的系统中查找非自由软件。
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```
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$ vrms
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```
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在我的 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 桌面版上输出的示例。
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```
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Non-free packages installed on ostechnix
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unrar Unarchiver for .rar files (non-free version)
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1 non-free packages, 0.0% of 2103 installed packages.
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```
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![][4]
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如你在上面的截图中看到的那样，我的 Ubuntu 中安装了一个非自由软件包。
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如果你的系统中没有任何非自由软件包，则应该看到以下输出。
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```
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No non-free or contrib packages installed on ostechnix! rms would be proud.
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```
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Vrms 不仅可以在 Debian 上找到非自由软件包，还可以在 Ubuntu、Linux Mint 和其他基于 deb 的系统中找到非自由软件包。
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**限制**
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Vrms 虽然有一些限制。就像我已经提到的那样，它列出了安装的非自由和 contrib 部分的软件包。但是，某些发行版并未遵循确保专有软件仅在 vrm 识别为“非自由”的仓库中存在，并且它们不努力维护分离。在这种情况下，Vrms 将不会识别非自由软件，并且始终会报告你的系统上安装了非自由软件。如果你使用的是像 Debian 和 Ubuntu 这样的发行版，遵循将专有软件保留在非自由仓库的策略，Vrms 一定会帮助你找到非自由软件包。
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就是这些。希望它是有用的。还有更好的东西。敬请关注！
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祝世上所有的泰米尔人在泰米尔新年快乐！
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干杯！
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.ostechnix.com/the-vrms-program-helps-you-to-find-non-free-software-in-debian/
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作者：[SK][a]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
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[1]:https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/Free-vs-Open-Source-Software
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[2]:https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html
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[3]:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7
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[4]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/vrms.png
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