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[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-convert-text-files-between-unix-and-dos-windows-formats/)
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[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
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How to Convert Text Files between Unix and DOS (Windows) Formats
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如何在 Unix 和 DOS（Windows）格式之间转换文本文件
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======
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As a Linux administrator, you may have noticed some requests from developers to convert files from DOS format to Unix format, and vice versa.
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作为一名 Linux 管理员，你可能已经注意到了一些开发者请求将文件从 DOS 格式转换为 Unix 格式，反之亦然。
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This is because these files were created on a Windows system and copied to a Linux system for some reason.
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这是因为这些文件是在 Windows 系统上创建的，并由于某种原因被复制到 Linux 系统上。
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It’s harmless, but some applications on the Linux system may not understand these new line of characters, so you need to convert them before using it.
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这本身没什么问题，但 Linux 系统上的一些应用可能不理解这些新的换行符，所以在使用之前，你需要转换它们。
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DOS text files comes with carriage return (CR or \r) and line feed (LF or \n) pairs as their newline characters, whereas Unix text files only have line feed as their newline character.
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DOS 文本文件带有回车 (CR 或 \r) 和换行 (LF 或 \n) 对作为它们的换行符，而 Unix 文本只有换行 （LF） 符。
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There are many ways you can convert a DOS text file to a Unix format.
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有很多方法可以将 DOS 文本文件转换为 Unix 格式。
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But I recommend using a special utility called **dos2unix** / **unix2dos** to convert text files between DOS and Unix formats.
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但我推荐使用一个名为 **dos2unix** / **unix2dos** 的特殊工具将文本在 DOS 和 Unix 格式之间转换。
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* **dos2unix:** To convert a text files from the DOS format to the Unix format.
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* **unix2dos:** To convert a text files from the Unix format to the DOS format.
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* **tr, awk and [sed Command][1]:** These can be used for the same purpose
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* **dos2unix：** 将文本文件从 DOS 格式转换为 Unix 格式。
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* **unix2dos：** 将文本文件从 Unix 格式转换为 DOS 格式。
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* **tr、awk 和 [sed 命令][1]：** 这些可以用于相同的目的。
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You can easily identify whether the file is DOS format or Unix format using the od (octal dump) command as shown below.
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使用 od(八进制转储) 命令可以很容易地识别文件是 DOS 格式还是 Unix 格式，如下图所示。
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```
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# od -bc windows.txt
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@ -55,9 +55,9 @@ n L i n u x \r \n
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0000231
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```
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The above output clearly shows that this is a DOS format file because it contains the escape sequence **`\r\n`**.
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上面的输出清楚地表明这是一个 DOS 格式的文件，因为它包含了转义序列 **`\r\n`**。
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At the same time, when you print the file output on your terminal you will get the output below.
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同时，当你在终端上打印文件输出时，你会得到下面的输出。
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```
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# cat windows.txt
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@ -67,40 +67,40 @@ Super computers are running on UNIX
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Anything can be done on Linux
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```
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### How to Install dos2unix on Linux
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### 如何在 Linux 上安装 dos2unix？
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dos2unix can be easily installed from the distribution official repository.
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dos2unix 可以很容易地从发行版的官方仓库中安装。
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For RHEL/CentOS 6/7 systems, use the **[yum command][2]** to install dos2unix.
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对于 RHEL/CentOS 6/7 系统，使用 **[yum命令][2]** 安装 dos2unix。
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```
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$ sudo yum install -y dos2unix
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```
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For RHEL/CentOS 8 and Fedora systems, use the **[dnf command][3]** to install dos2unix.
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对于 RHEL/CentOS 8 和 Fedora 系统，使用 **[dnf命令][3]** 安装 dos2unix。
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```
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$ sudo yum install -y dos2unix
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```
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For Debian based systems, use the **[apt command][4]** or **[apt-get command][5]** to install dos2unix.
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对于基于 Debian 的系统，使用 **[apt 命令][4]** 或 **[apt-get 命令][5]** 来安装 dos2unix。
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```
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$ sudo apt-get update
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$ sudo apt-get install dos2unix
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```
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For openSUSE systems, use the **[zypper command][6]** to install dos2unix.
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对于 openSUSE 系统，使用 **[zypper命令][6]** 安装 dos2unix。
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```
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$ sudo zypper install -y dos2unix
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```
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### 1) How to Convert DOS file to UNIX format
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### 1）如何将 DOS 文件转换为 UNIX 格式？
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The following command converts the “windows.txt” file from DOS to Unix format.
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以下命令将 ”windows.txt“ 文件从 DOS 转换为 Unix 格式。
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The modification of this file is to remove the “\r” from each line of the file.
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对该文件的修改是删除文件每行的 ”\r“。
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```
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# dos2unix windows.txt
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@ -132,70 +132,70 @@ i n u x \n
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0000225
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```
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The above command will overwrite the original file.
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上面的命令将覆盖原始文件。
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Use the following command if you want to keep the original file. This will save the converted output as a new file.
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如果你想保留原始文件，请使用以下命令。这将把转换后的输出保存为一个新文件。
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```
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# dos2unix -n windows.txt unix.txt
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dos2unix: converting file windows.txt to file unix.txt in Unix format …
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```
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### 1a) How to Convert DOS file to UNIX format Using tr Command
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### 1a）如何使用 tr 命令将 DOS 文件转换为 UNIX 格式。
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As discussed at the beginning of the article, you can use the tr command to convert the DOS file to Unix format as shown below.
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正如文章开头所讨论的，你可以如下所示使用 tr 命令将 DOS 文件转换为 Unix 格式。
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```
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Syntax: tr -d '\r' < source_file > output_file
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```
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The below tr command converts the “windows.txt” DOS file to Unix format file “unix.txt”.
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下面的 tr 命令将 DOS 格式文件 ”windows.txt“ 转换为 Unix 格式文件 ”unix.txt“。
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```
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# tr -d '\r' < windows.txt >unix.txt
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```
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**Make a note:** You can’t use the tr command to convert a file from Unix format to Windows (DOS).
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**注意：**不能使用 tr 命令将文件从 Unix 格式转换为 Windows（DOS）。
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### 1b) How to Convert DOS file to UNIX format Using awk Command
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### 1b）如何使用 awk 命令将 DOS 文件转换为 UNIX 格式。
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Use the following awk command format to convert a DOS file to a Unix format.
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使用以下 awk 命令格式将 DOS 文件转换为 Unix 格式。
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```
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Syntax: awk '{ sub("\r$", ""); print }' source_file.txt > output_file.txt
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```
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The below awk command converts the “windows.txt” DOS file to Unix format file “unix.txt”.
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以下 awk 命令将 DOS 文件 ”windows.txt“ 转换为 Unix 格式文件 ”unix.txt“。
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```
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# awk '{ sub("\r$", ""); print }' windows.txt > unix.txt
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```
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### 2) How to Convert UNIX file to DOS format
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### 2）如何将 UNIX 文件转换为 DOS 格式？
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When you convert a file from UNIX to DOS format, it will add a carriage return (CR or \r) in each of the line.
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当你把一个文件从 UNIX 转换为 DOS 格式时，它会在每一行中添加一个回车（CR 或 \r）。
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```
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# unix2dos unix.txt
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unix2dos: converting file unix.txt to DOS format …
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```
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This command will keep the original file.
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该命令将保留原始文件。
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```
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# unix2dos -n unix.txt windows.txt
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unix2dos: converting file unix.txt to file windows.txt in DOS format …
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```
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### 2a) How to Convert UNIX file to DOS format Using awk Command
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### 2a）如何使用 awk 命令将 UNIX 文件转换为 DOS 格式？
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Use the following awk command format to convert UNIX file to DOS format.
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使用以下 awk 命令格式将 UNIX 文件转换为 DOS 格式。
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```
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Syntax: awk 'sub("$", "\r")' source_file.txt > output_file.txt
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```
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The below awk command converts the “unix.txt” file to the DOS format file “windows.txt”.
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下面的 awk 命令将 “unix.txt” 文件转换为 DOS 格式文件 “windows.txt”。
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```
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# awk 'sub("$", "\r")' unix.txt > windows.txt
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@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-convert-text-files-between-unix-and-dos-win
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作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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