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@ -0,0 +1,467 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (robsean)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: publisher: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-11819-1.html)
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||||
[#]: subject: (Enable your Python game player to run forward and backward)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/12/python-platformer-game-run)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth)
|
||||
|
||||
使你的 Python 游戏玩家能够向前和向后跑
|
||||
======
|
||||
> 使用 Pygame 模块来使你的 Python 平台开启侧滚效果，来让你的玩家自由奔跑。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
这是仍在进行中的关于使用 Pygame 模块来在 Python 3 中在创建电脑游戏的第九部分。先前的文章是：
|
||||
|
||||
* [通过构建一个简单的掷骰子游戏去学习怎么用 Python 编程][2]
|
||||
* [使用 Python 和 Pygame 模块构建一个游戏框架][3]
|
||||
* [如何在你的 Python 游戏中添加一个玩家][4]
|
||||
* [用 Pygame 使你的游戏角色移动起来][5]
|
||||
* [如何向你的 Python 游戏中添加一个敌人][6]
|
||||
* [在 Pygame 游戏中放置平台][12]
|
||||
* [在你的 Python 游戏中模拟引力][7]
|
||||
* [为你的 Python 平台类游戏添加跳跃功能][8]
|
||||
|
||||
在这一系列关于使用 [Pygame][10] 模块来在 [Python 3][9] 中创建电脑游戏的先前文章中，你已经设计了你的关卡设计布局，但是你的关卡的一些部分可能已近超出你的屏幕的可视区域。在平台类游戏中，这个问题的普遍解决方案是，像术语“<ruby>侧滚<rt>side-scroller</rt></ruby>”表明的一样，滚动。
|
||||
|
||||
滚动的关键是当玩家精灵接近屏的幕边缘时，使在玩家精灵周围的平台移动。这样给予一种错觉，屏幕是一个在游戏世界中穿梭追拍的"摄像机"。
|
||||
|
||||
这个滚动技巧需要两个在屏幕边缘的绝对区域，在绝对区域内的点处，在世界滚动期间，你的化身静止不动。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在侧滚动条中放置卷轴
|
||||
|
||||
如果你希望你的玩家能够后退，你需要一个触发点来向前和向后。这两个点仅仅是两个变量。设置它们各个距各个屏幕边缘大约 100 或 200 像素。在你的设置部分中创建变量。在下面的代码中，前两行用于上下文说明，所以仅需要添加这行后的代码：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
player_list.add(player)
|
||||
steps = 10
|
||||
forwardX = 600
|
||||
backwardX = 230
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在主循环中，查看你的玩家精灵是否在 `forwardx` 或 `backwardx` 滚动点处。如果是这样，向左或向右移动使用的平台，取决于世界是向前或向后移动。在下面的代码中，代码的最后三行仅供你参考：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# scroll the world forward
|
||||
if player.rect.x >= forwardx:
|
||||
scroll = player.rect.x - forwardx
|
||||
player.rect.x = forwardx
|
||||
for p in plat_list:
|
||||
p.rect.x -= scroll
|
||||
|
||||
# scroll the world backward
|
||||
if player.rect.x <= backwardx:
|
||||
scroll = backwardx - player.rect.x
|
||||
player.rect.x = backwardx
|
||||
for p in plat_list:
|
||||
p.rect.x += scroll
|
||||
|
||||
## scrolling code above
|
||||
world.blit(backdrop, backdropbox)
|
||||
player.gravity() # check gravity
|
||||
player.update()
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
启动你的游戏，并尝试它。
|
||||
|
||||
![Scrolling the world in Pygame][11]
|
||||
|
||||
滚动像预期的一样工作，但是你可能注意到一个发生的小问题，当你滚动你的玩家和非玩家精灵周围的世界时：敌人精灵不随同世界滚动。除非你要你的敌人精灵要无休止地追逐你的玩家，你需要修改敌人代码，以便当你的玩家快速撤退时，敌人被留在后面。
|
||||
|
||||
### 敌人卷轴
|
||||
|
||||
在你的主循环中，你必须对卷轴平台为你的敌人的位置的应用相同的规则。因为你的游戏世界将（很可能）有不止一个敌人在其中，该规则应该被应用于你的敌人列表，而不是一个单独的敌人精灵。这是分组类似元素到列表中的优点之一。
|
||||
|
||||
前两行用于上下文注释，所以只需添加这两行后面的代码到你的主循环中：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# scroll the world forward
|
||||
if player.rect.x >= forwardx:
|
||||
scroll = player.rect.x - forwardx
|
||||
player.rect.x = forwardx
|
||||
for p in plat_list:
|
||||
p.rect.x -= scroll
|
||||
for e in enemy_list:
|
||||
e.rect.x -= scroll
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
来滚向另一个方向：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# scroll the world backward
|
||||
if player.rect.x <= backwardx:
|
||||
scroll = backwardx - player.rect.x
|
||||
player.rect.x = backwardx
|
||||
for p in plat_list:
|
||||
p.rect.x += scroll
|
||||
for e in enemy_list:
|
||||
e.rect.x += scroll
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
再次启动游戏，看看发生什么。
|
||||
|
||||
这里是到目前为止你已经为这个 Python 平台所写所有的代码：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
#!/usr/bin/env python3
|
||||
# draw a world
|
||||
# add a player and player control
|
||||
# add player movement
|
||||
# add enemy and basic collision
|
||||
# add platform
|
||||
# add gravity
|
||||
# add jumping
|
||||
# add scrolling
|
||||
|
||||
# GNU All-Permissive License
|
||||
# Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
|
||||
# are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
|
||||
# notice and this notice are preserved. This file is offered as-is,
|
||||
# without any warranty.
|
||||
|
||||
import pygame
|
||||
import sys
|
||||
import os
|
||||
|
||||
'''
|
||||
Objects
|
||||
'''
|
||||
|
||||
class Platform(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
|
||||
# x location, y location, img width, img height, img file
|
||||
def __init__(self,xloc,yloc,imgw,imgh,img):
|
||||
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
|
||||
self.image = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('images',img)).convert()
|
||||
self.image.convert_alpha()
|
||||
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
|
||||
self.rect.y = yloc
|
||||
self.rect.x = xloc
|
||||
|
||||
class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
|
||||
'''
|
||||
Spawn a player
|
||||
'''
|
||||
def __init__(self):
|
||||
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
|
||||
self.movex = 0
|
||||
self.movey = 0
|
||||
self.frame = 0
|
||||
self.health = 10
|
||||
self.collide_delta = 0
|
||||
self.jump_delta = 6
|
||||
self.score = 1
|
||||
self.images = []
|
||||
for i in range(1,9):
|
||||
img = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('images','hero' + str(i) + '.png')).convert()
|
||||
img.convert_alpha()
|
||||
img.set_colorkey(ALPHA)
|
||||
self.images.append(img)
|
||||
self.image = self.images[0]
|
||||
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
|
||||
|
||||
def jump(self,platform_list):
|
||||
self.jump_delta = 0
|
||||
|
||||
def gravity(self):
|
||||
self.movey += 3.2 # how fast player falls
|
||||
|
||||
if self.rect.y > worldy and self.movey >= 0:
|
||||
self.movey = 0
|
||||
self.rect.y = worldy-ty
|
||||
|
||||
def control(self,x,y):
|
||||
'''
|
||||
control player movement
|
||||
'''
|
||||
self.movex += x
|
||||
self.movey += y
|
||||
|
||||
def update(self):
|
||||
'''
|
||||
Update sprite position
|
||||
'''
|
||||
|
||||
self.rect.x = self.rect.x + self.movex
|
||||
self.rect.y = self.rect.y + self.movey
|
||||
|
||||
# moving left
|
||||
if self.movex < 0:
|
||||
self.frame += 1
|
||||
if self.frame > ani*3:
|
||||
self.frame = 0
|
||||
self.image = self.images[self.frame//ani]
|
||||
|
||||
# moving right
|
||||
if self.movex > 0:
|
||||
self.frame += 1
|
||||
if self.frame > ani*3:
|
||||
self.frame = 0
|
||||
self.image = self.images[(self.frame//ani)+4]
|
||||
|
||||
# collisions
|
||||
enemy_hit_list = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, enemy_list, False)
|
||||
for enemy in enemy_hit_list:
|
||||
self.health -= 1
|
||||
#print(self.health)
|
||||
|
||||
plat_hit_list = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, plat_list, False)
|
||||
for p in plat_hit_list:
|
||||
self.collide_delta = 0 # stop jumping
|
||||
self.movey = 0
|
||||
if self.rect.y > p.rect.y:
|
||||
self.rect.y = p.rect.y+ty
|
||||
else:
|
||||
self.rect.y = p.rect.y-ty
|
||||
|
||||
ground_hit_list = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, ground_list, False)
|
||||
for g in ground_hit_list:
|
||||
self.movey = 0
|
||||
self.rect.y = worldy-ty-ty
|
||||
self.collide_delta = 0 # stop jumping
|
||||
if self.rect.y > g.rect.y:
|
||||
self.health -=1
|
||||
print(self.health)
|
||||
|
||||
if self.collide_delta < 6 and self.jump_delta < 6:
|
||||
self.jump_delta = 6*2
|
||||
self.movey -= 33 # how high to jump
|
||||
self.collide_delta += 6
|
||||
self.jump_delta += 6
|
||||
|
||||
class Enemy(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
|
||||
'''
|
||||
Spawn an enemy
|
||||
'''
|
||||
def __init__(self,x,y,img):
|
||||
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
|
||||
self.image = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('images',img))
|
||||
self.movey = 0
|
||||
#self.image.convert_alpha()
|
||||
#self.image.set_colorkey(ALPHA)
|
||||
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
|
||||
self.rect.x = x
|
||||
self.rect.y = y
|
||||
self.counter = 0
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def move(self):
|
||||
'''
|
||||
enemy movement
|
||||
'''
|
||||
distance = 80
|
||||
speed = 8
|
||||
|
||||
self.movey += 3.2
|
||||
|
||||
if self.counter >= 0 and self.counter <= distance:
|
||||
self.rect.x += speed
|
||||
elif self.counter >= distance and self.counter <= distance*2:
|
||||
self.rect.x -= speed
|
||||
else:
|
||||
self.counter = 0
|
||||
|
||||
self.counter += 1
|
||||
|
||||
if not self.rect.y >= worldy-ty-ty:
|
||||
self.rect.y += self.movey
|
||||
|
||||
plat_hit_list = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, plat_list, False)
|
||||
for p in plat_hit_list:
|
||||
self.movey = 0
|
||||
if self.rect.y > p.rect.y:
|
||||
self.rect.y = p.rect.y+ty
|
||||
else:
|
||||
self.rect.y = p.rect.y-ty
|
||||
|
||||
ground_hit_list = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, ground_list, False)
|
||||
for g in ground_hit_list:
|
||||
self.rect.y = worldy-ty-ty
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class Level():
|
||||
def bad(lvl,eloc):
|
||||
if lvl == 1:
|
||||
enemy = Enemy(eloc[0],eloc[1],'yeti.png') # spawn enemy
|
||||
enemy_list = pygame.sprite.Group() # create enemy group
|
||||
enemy_list.add(enemy) # add enemy to group
|
||||
|
||||
if lvl == 2:
|
||||
print("Level " + str(lvl) )
|
||||
|
||||
return enemy_list
|
||||
|
||||
def loot(lvl,lloc):
|
||||
print(lvl)
|
||||
|
||||
def ground(lvl,gloc,tx,ty):
|
||||
ground_list = pygame.sprite.Group()
|
||||
i=0
|
||||
if lvl == 1:
|
||||
while i < len(gloc):
|
||||
ground = Platform(gloc[i],worldy-ty,tx,ty,'ground.png')
|
||||
ground_list.add(ground)
|
||||
i=i+1
|
||||
|
||||
if lvl == 2:
|
||||
print("Level " + str(lvl) )
|
||||
|
||||
return ground_list
|
||||
|
||||
def platform(lvl,tx,ty):
|
||||
plat_list = pygame.sprite.Group()
|
||||
ploc = []
|
||||
i=0
|
||||
if lvl == 1:
|
||||
ploc.append((0,worldy-ty-128,3))
|
||||
ploc.append((300,worldy-ty-256,3))
|
||||
ploc.append((500,worldy-ty-128,4))
|
||||
|
||||
while i < len(ploc):
|
||||
j=0
|
||||
while j <= ploc[i][2]:
|
||||
plat = Platform((ploc[i][0]+(j*tx)),ploc[i][1],tx,ty,'ground.png')
|
||||
plat_list.add(plat)
|
||||
j=j+1
|
||||
print('run' + str(i) + str(ploc[i]))
|
||||
i=i+1
|
||||
|
||||
if lvl == 2:
|
||||
print("Level " + str(lvl) )
|
||||
|
||||
return plat_list
|
||||
|
||||
'''
|
||||
Setup
|
||||
'''
|
||||
worldx = 960
|
||||
worldy = 720
|
||||
|
||||
fps = 40 # frame rate
|
||||
ani = 4 # animation cycles
|
||||
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
|
||||
pygame.init()
|
||||
main = True
|
||||
|
||||
BLUE = (25,25,200)
|
||||
BLACK = (23,23,23 )
|
||||
WHITE = (254,254,254)
|
||||
ALPHA = (0,255,0)
|
||||
|
||||
world = pygame.display.set_mode([worldx,worldy])
|
||||
backdrop = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('images','stage.png')).convert()
|
||||
backdropbox = world.get_rect()
|
||||
player = Player() # spawn player
|
||||
player.rect.x = 0
|
||||
player.rect.y = 0
|
||||
player_list = pygame.sprite.Group()
|
||||
player_list.add(player)
|
||||
steps = 10
|
||||
forwardx = 600
|
||||
backwardx = 230
|
||||
|
||||
eloc = []
|
||||
eloc = [200,20]
|
||||
gloc = []
|
||||
#gloc = [0,630,64,630,128,630,192,630,256,630,320,630,384,630]
|
||||
tx = 64 #tile size
|
||||
ty = 64 #tile size
|
||||
|
||||
i=0
|
||||
while i <= (worldx/tx)+tx:
|
||||
gloc.append(i*tx)
|
||||
i=i+1
|
||||
|
||||
enemy_list = Level.bad( 1, eloc )
|
||||
ground_list = Level.ground( 1,gloc,tx,ty )
|
||||
plat_list = Level.platform( 1,tx,ty )
|
||||
|
||||
'''
|
||||
Main loop
|
||||
'''
|
||||
while main == True:
|
||||
for event in pygame.event.get():
|
||||
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
|
||||
pygame.quit(); sys.exit()
|
||||
main = False
|
||||
|
||||
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
|
||||
if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT or event.key == ord('a'):
|
||||
print("LEFT")
|
||||
player.control(-steps,0)
|
||||
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT or event.key == ord('d'):
|
||||
print("RIGHT")
|
||||
player.control(steps,0)
|
||||
if event.key == pygame.K_UP or event.key == ord('w'):
|
||||
print('jump')
|
||||
|
||||
if event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
|
||||
if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT or event.key == ord('a'):
|
||||
player.control(steps,0)
|
||||
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT or event.key == ord('d'):
|
||||
player.control(-steps,0)
|
||||
if event.key == pygame.K_UP or event.key == ord('w'):
|
||||
player.jump(plat_list)
|
||||
|
||||
if event.key == ord('q'):
|
||||
pygame.quit()
|
||||
sys.exit()
|
||||
main = False
|
||||
|
||||
# scroll the world forward
|
||||
if player.rect.x >= forwardx:
|
||||
scroll = player.rect.x - forwardx
|
||||
player.rect.x = forwardx
|
||||
for p in plat_list:
|
||||
p.rect.x -= scroll
|
||||
for e in enemy_list:
|
||||
e.rect.x -= scroll
|
||||
|
||||
# scroll the world backward
|
||||
if player.rect.x <= backwardx:
|
||||
scroll = backwardx - player.rect.x
|
||||
player.rect.x = backwardx
|
||||
for p in plat_list:
|
||||
p.rect.x += scroll
|
||||
for e in enemy_list:
|
||||
e.rect.x += scroll
|
||||
|
||||
world.blit(backdrop, backdropbox)
|
||||
player.gravity() # check gravity
|
||||
player.update()
|
||||
player_list.draw(world) #refresh player position
|
||||
enemy_list.draw(world) # refresh enemies
|
||||
ground_list.draw(world) # refresh enemies
|
||||
plat_list.draw(world) # refresh platforms
|
||||
for e in enemy_list:
|
||||
e.move()
|
||||
pygame.display.flip()
|
||||
clock.tick(fps)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/python-platformer-game-run
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/open_gaming_games_roundup_news.png?itok=KM0ViL0f (Gaming artifacts with joystick, GameBoy, paddle)
|
||||
[2]: https://linux.cn/article-9071-1.html
|
||||
[3]: https://linux.cn/article-10850-1.html
|
||||
[4]: https://linux.cn/article-10858-1.html
|
||||
[5]: https://linux.cn/article-10874-1.html
|
||||
[6]: https://linux.cn/article-10883-1.html
|
||||
[7]: https://linux.cn/article-11780-1.html
|
||||
[8]: https://linux.cn/article-11790-1.html
|
||||
[9]: https://www.python.org/
|
||||
[10]: https://www.pygame.org/news
|
||||
[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/pygame-scroll.jpg (Scrolling the world in Pygame)
|
||||
[12]:https://linux.cn/article-10902-1.html
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (What 2020 brings for the developer, and more industry trends)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/1/hybrid-developer-future-industry-trends)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Tim Hildred https://opensource.com/users/thildred)
|
||||
|
||||
What 2020 brings for the developer, and more industry trends
|
||||
======
|
||||
A weekly look at open source community and industry trends.
|
||||
![Person standing in front of a giant computer screen with numbers, data][1]
|
||||
|
||||
As part of my role as a senior product marketing manager at an enterprise software company with an open source development model, I publish a regular update about open source community, market, and industry trends for product marketers, managers, and other influencers. Here are five of my and their favorite articles from that update.
|
||||
|
||||
## [How developers will work in 2020][2]
|
||||
|
||||
> Developers have been spending an enormous amount of time on everything *except* making software that solves problems. ‘DevOps’ has transmogrified from ‘developers releasing software’ into ‘developers building ever more complex infrastructure atop Kubernetes’ and ‘developers reinventing their software as distributed stateless functions.’ In 2020, ‘serverless’ will mature. Handle state. Handle data storage without requiring devs to learn yet-another-proprietary-database-service. Learning new stuff is fun-but shipping is even better, and we’ll finally see systems and services that support that.
|
||||
|
||||
**The impact:** A lot of forces are converging to give developers superpowers. There are ever more open source building blocks in place; thousands of geniuses are collaborating to make developer workflows more fun and efficient, and artificial intelligences are being brought to bear solving the types of problems a developer might face. On the one hand, there is clear leverage to giving developer superpowers: if they can make magic with software they'll be able to make even bigger magic with all this help. On the other hand, imagine if teachers had the same level of investment and support. Makes ya wonder don't it?
|
||||
|
||||
## [2020 forecast: Cloud-y with a chance of hybrid][3]
|
||||
|
||||
> Behind this growth is an array of new themes and strategies that are pushing cloud further up business agendas the world over. With ‘emerging’ technologies, such as AI and machine learning, containers and functions, and even more flexibility available with hybrid cloud solutions being provided by the major providers, it’s no wonder cloud is set to take centre stage.
|
||||
|
||||
**The impact:** Hybrid cloud finally has the same level of flesh that public cloud and on-premises have. Over the course of 2019 especially the competing visions offered for what it meant to be hybrid formed a composite that drove home why someone would want it. At the same time more and more of the technology pieces that make hybrid viable are in place and maturing. 2019 was the year that people truly "got" hybrid. 2020 will be the year that people start to take advantage of it.
|
||||
|
||||
## [The no-code delusion][4]
|
||||
|
||||
> Increasingly popular in the last couple of years, I think 2020 is going to be the year of “no code”: the movement that says you can write business logic and even entire applications without having the training of a software developer. I empathise with people doing this, and I think some of the “no code” tools are great. But I also thing it’s wrong at heart.
|
||||
|
||||
**The impact:** I've heard many devs say it over many years: "software development is hard." It would be a mistake to interpret that as "all software development is equally hard." What I've always found hard about learning to code is trying to think in a way that a computer will understand. With or without code, making computers do complex things will always require a different kind of thinking.
|
||||
|
||||
## [All things Java][5]
|
||||
|
||||
> The open, multi-vendor model has been a major strength—it’s very hard for any single vendor to pioneer a market for a sustained period of time—and taking different perspectives from diverse industries has been a key strength of the [evolution of Java][6]. Choosing to open source Java in 2006 was also a decision that only worked to strengthen the Java ecosystem, as it allowed Sun Microsystems and later Oracle to share the responsibility of maintaining and evolving Java with many other organizations and individuals.
|
||||
|
||||
**The impact:** The things that move quickly in technology are the things that can be thrown away. When you know you're going to keep something for a long time, you're likely to make different choices about what to prioritize when building it. Disposable and long-lived both have their places, and the Java community made enough good decisions over the years that the language itself can have a foot in both camps.
|
||||
|
||||
_I hope you enjoyed this list of what stood out to me from last week and come back next Monday for more open source community, market, and industry trends._
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/hybrid-developer-future-industry-trends
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Tim Hildred][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/thildred
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/data_metrics_analytics_desktop_laptop.png?itok=9QXd7AUr (Person standing in front of a giant computer screen with numbers, data)
|
||||
[2]: https://thenextweb.com/readme/2020/01/15/how-developers-will-work-in-2020/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.itproportal.com/features/2020-forecast-cloud-y-with-a-chance-of-hybrid/
|
||||
[4]: https://www.alexhudson.com/2020/01/13/the-no-code-delusion/
|
||||
[5]: https://appdevelopermagazine.com/all-things-java/
|
||||
[6]: https://appdevelopermagazine.com/top-10-developer-technologies-in-2019/
|
||||
@ -1,212 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Setting up passwordless Linux logins using public/private keys)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3514607/setting-up-passwordless-linux-logins-using-publicprivate-keys.html)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Sandra Henry-Stocker https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/)
|
||||
|
||||
Setting up passwordless Linux logins using public/private keys
|
||||
======
|
||||
Using a set of public/private keys to allow you to log into a remote Linux system or run commands using ssh without a password can be very convenient, but setup is just tad tricky. Here's how and a script to help.
|
||||
Ivanastar / Getty Images
|
||||
|
||||
Setting up an account on a [Linux][1] system that allows you to log in or run commands remotely without a password isn’t all that hard, but there are some tedious details that you need to get right if you want it to work. In this post, we’re going to run through the process and then show a script that can help manage the details.
|
||||
|
||||
Once set up, passwordless access is especially useful if you want to run ssh commands within a script, especially one that you might want to schedule to run automatically.
|
||||
|
||||
It’s important to note that you do not have to be using the same user account on both systems. In fact, you can use your public key for a number of accounts on a system or for different accounts on multiple systems.
|
||||
|
||||
[][2]
|
||||
|
||||
BrandPost Sponsored by HPE
|
||||
|
||||
[Take the Intelligent Route with Consumption-Based Storage][2]
|
||||
|
||||
Combine the agility and economics of HPE storage with HPE GreenLake and run your IT department with efficiency.
|
||||
|
||||
Here’s how to set this up.
|
||||
|
||||
### Which system to start on?
|
||||
|
||||
First, you need to start on the system from which you want to issue commands. That's the system that you will use to create the ssh keys. You also need to have access to the account on the remote system on which those commands will be run.
|
||||
|
||||
To keep the roles clear, we’ll call that first system in our scenario the “boss” since it will issue commands to be run on the other system.
|
||||
|
||||
Thus, the command prompt:
|
||||
|
||||
[RELATED: Linux hardening: a 15-step checklist for a secure Linux server][3]
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
boss$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
If you do not already have a public/private key pair set up for your account on the boss system, create one using a command like that shown below. Note that you can choose between the various encryption algorithms. (Either RSA or DSA is generally used.) Note that to access the system without typing a password, you will need to enter no password for the two prompts shown in the dialog below.
|
||||
|
||||
If you already have a public/private key pair associated with this account, skip this step.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
boss$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
|
||||
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
|
||||
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/myself/.ssh/id_rsa):
|
||||
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): <== just press the enter key
|
||||
Enter same passphrase again: <== just press the enter key
|
||||
Your identification has been saved in /home/myself/.ssh/id_rsa.
|
||||
Your public key has been saved in /home/myself/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
|
||||
The key fingerprint is:
|
||||
SHA256:1zz6pZcMjA1av8iyojqo6NVYgTl1+cc+N43kIwGKOUI myself@boss
|
||||
The key's randomart image is:
|
||||
+---[RSA 3072]----+
|
||||
| . .. |
|
||||
| E+ .. . |
|
||||
| .+ .o + o |
|
||||
| ..+.. .o* . |
|
||||
| ... So+*B o |
|
||||
| + ...==B . |
|
||||
| . o . ....++. |
|
||||
|o o . . o..o+ |
|
||||
|=..o.. ..o o. |
|
||||
+----[SHA256]-----+
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The command shown above will create both a public and a private key. What one encrypts, the other will decrypt. So, the relationship between these keys is critical and the private key should **never** be shared. Instead, it should stay in your .ssh folder on the boss system.
|
||||
|
||||
Notice that your public and private keys, on creation, will be saved in your .ssh folder.
|
||||
|
||||
The next step is to copy the **public** key to the system you want to access from the boss system without using a password. You can use **scp** to do this though, at this point, you’ll still need to enter your password. In this example, that system is called “target”.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
boss$ scp .ssh/id_rsa.pub myacct@target:/home/myaccount
|
||||
myacct@target's password:
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
On the target system (the one on which the commands will be run), you will need to install your public key. If you don’t have a .ssh directory (e.g., if you’ve never used ssh on that system), running a command like this will set one up for you:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
target$ ssh localhost date
|
||||
target$ ls -la .ssh
|
||||
total 12
|
||||
drwx------ 2 myacct myacct 4096 Jan 19 11:48 .
|
||||
drwxr-xr-x 6 myacct myacct 4096 Jan 19 11:49 ..
|
||||
-rw-r--r-- 1 myacct myacct 222 Jan 19 11:48 known_hosts
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Still on the target system, you then need to add the public key you transferred from the “boss” system to your .ssh/authorized_keys file. The command below will add the key to the end of the file if it exists already or create the file and add the key if the file does not exist.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
target$ cat id_rsa.pub >> .ssh/authorized_keys
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next, you need to make sure that the permissions on your authorized_keys file are set to 600. If not, run the **chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys** command.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
target$ ls -l authorized_keys
|
||||
-rw------- 1 myself myself 569 Jan 19 12:10 authorized_keys
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Also check to be sure that permissions on your .ssh directory on the target system are set to 700. Fix the permissions with **chmod 700 .ssh** if needed.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
target$ ls -ld .ssh
|
||||
drwx------ 2 myacct myacct 4096 Jan 14 15:54 .ssh
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
At this point, you should be able to run a command remotely from your boss system to your target system without entering a password. This should work unless the target user account on the target system has an old public key for the same user and host as the one you’re trying to connect from. If so, you should be able to remove the earlier (and conflicting) entry.
|
||||
|
||||
### Using a script
|
||||
|
||||
Using a script can make some work a lot easier. In the example script below, however, the one annoying problem that you’ll run into is that you’ll have to enter the target user’s password numerous times before the password-free access is configured. One option would be to break the script into two parts – the commands that need to be run on the boss system and the commands that need to be run on the target system.
|
||||
|
||||
Here’s the do-it-all version of the script:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
# NOTE: This script requires that you have the password for the remote acct
|
||||
# in order to set up password-free access using your public key
|
||||
|
||||
LOC=`hostname` # the local system from which you want to run commands from
|
||||
# wo a password
|
||||
|
||||
# get target system and account
|
||||
echo -n "target system> "
|
||||
read REM
|
||||
echo -n "target user> "
|
||||
read user
|
||||
|
||||
# create a key pair if no public key exists
|
||||
if [ ! -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub ]; then
|
||||
ssh-keygen -t rsa
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
# ensure a .ssh directory exists in the remote account
|
||||
echo checking for .ssh directory on remote system
|
||||
ssh $user@$REM "if [ ! -d /home/$user/.ssh ]; then mkdir /home/$user/.ssh; fi"
|
||||
|
||||
# share the public key (using local hostname)
|
||||
echo copying the public key
|
||||
scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub $user@$REM:/home/$user/$user-$LOC.pub
|
||||
|
||||
# put the public key into the proper location
|
||||
echo adding key to authorized_keys
|
||||
ssh $user@$REM "cat /home/$user/$user-$LOC.pub >> /home/$user/.ssh/authorized_ke
|
||||
ys"
|
||||
|
||||
# set permissions on authorized_keys and .ssh (might be OK already)
|
||||
echo setting permissions
|
||||
ssh $user@$REM "chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys"
|
||||
ssh $user@$REM "chmod 700 ~/.ssh"
|
||||
|
||||
# try it out -- should NOT ask for a password
|
||||
echo testing -- if no password is requested, you are all set
|
||||
ssh $user@$REM /bin/hostname
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The script has been configured to tell you what it is doing each time you will have to enter a password. Interaction will look something like this:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ ./rem_login_setup
|
||||
target system> fruitfly
|
||||
target user> lola
|
||||
checking for .ssh directory on remote system
|
||||
lola@fruitfly's password:
|
||||
copying the public key
|
||||
lola@fruitfly's password:
|
||||
id_rsa.pub 100% 567 219.1KB/s 00:00
|
||||
adding key to authorized_keys
|
||||
lola@fruitfly's password:
|
||||
setting permissions
|
||||
lola@fruitfly's password:
|
||||
testing -- if no password is requested, you are all set
|
||||
fruitfly
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
After the scenario shown above, you'd be able to log into lola's account on fruitfly like this:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ ssh lola@fruitfly
|
||||
[lola@fruitfly ~]$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Once passwordless login is set up, you’ll both be able to log in from the boss system to the target system without a password and run arbitrary ssh commands. Running without a password in this way does not imply that your account is less secure. However, protecting your password on the boss system could become considerably more important depending on the nature of the target.
|
||||
|
||||
Join the Network World communities on [Facebook][4] and [LinkedIn][5] to comment on topics that are top of mind.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3514607/setting-up-passwordless-linux-logins-using-publicprivate-keys.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Sandra Henry-Stocker][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3215226/what-is-linux-uses-featres-products-operating-systems.html
|
||||
[2]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3440100/take-the-intelligent-route-with-consumption-based-storage.html?utm_source=IDG&utm_medium=promotions&utm_campaign=HPE21620&utm_content=sidebar ( Take the Intelligent Route with Consumption-Based Storage)
|
||||
[3]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3143050/linux/linux-hardening-a-15-step-checklist-for-a-secure-linux-server.html#tk.nww-fsb
|
||||
[4]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
|
||||
[5]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Use tmux to create the console of your dreams)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/1/tmux-console)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Kevin Sonney https://opensource.com/users/ksonney)
|
||||
|
||||
Use tmux to create the console of your dreams
|
||||
======
|
||||
You can do a lot with tmux, especially when you add tmuxinator to the
|
||||
mix. Check them out in the fifteenth in our series on 20 ways to be more
|
||||
productive with open source in 2020.
|
||||
![Person drinking a hat drink at the computer][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Last year, I brought you 19 days of new (to you) productivity tools for 2019. This year, I'm taking a different approach: building an environment that will allow you to be more productive in the new year, using tools you may or may not already be using.
|
||||
|
||||
### Do it all on the console with tmux and tmuxinator
|
||||
|
||||
In this series so far, I've written about individual apps and tools. Starting today, I'll put them together into comprehensive setups to streamline things. Starting at the command line. Why the command line? Simply put, working at the command line allows me to access a lot of these tools and functions from anywhere I can run SSH. I can SSH into one of my personal machines and run the same setup on my work machine as I use on my personal one. And the primary tool I'm going to use for that is [tmux][2].
|
||||
|
||||
Most people use tmux for very basic functions, such as opening it on a remote server then starting a process, maybe opening a second session to watch log files or debug information, then disconnecting and coming back later. But you can do so much work with tmux.
|
||||
|
||||
![tmux][3]
|
||||
|
||||
First things first—if you have an existing tmux configuration file, back it up. The configuration file for tmux is **~/.tmux.conf**. Move it to another directory, like **~/tmp**. Now, clone the [Oh My Tmux][4] project with Git. Link to **.tmux.conf** from that and copy in the **.tmux.conf.local** file to make adjustments:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
cd ~
|
||||
mkdir ~/tmp
|
||||
mv ~/.tmux.conf ~/tmp/
|
||||
git clone <https://github.com/gpakosz/.tmux.git>
|
||||
ln -s ~/.tmux/.tmux.conf ./
|
||||
cp ~/.tmux.conf.local ./
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The **.tmux.conf.local** file contains local settings and overrides. For example, I changed the default colors a bit and turned on the [Powerline][5] dividers. This snippet shows only the things I changed:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
tmux_conf_theme_24b_colour=true
|
||||
tmux_conf_theme_focused_pane_bg='default'
|
||||
tmux_conf_theme_pane_border_style=fat
|
||||
tmux_conf_theme_left_separator_main='\uE0B0'
|
||||
tmux_conf_theme_left_separator_sub='\uE0B1'
|
||||
tmux_conf_theme_right_separator_main='\uE0B2'
|
||||
tmux_conf_theme_right_separator_sub='\uE0B3'
|
||||
#tmux_conf_battery_bar_symbol_full='◼'
|
||||
#tmux_conf_battery_bar_symbol_empty='◻'
|
||||
tmux_conf_battery_bar_symbol_full='♥'
|
||||
tmux_conf_battery_bar_symbol_empty='·'
|
||||
tmux_conf_copy_to_os_clipboard=true
|
||||
set -g mouse on
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Note that you do not need to have Powerline installed—you just need a font that supports the Powerline symbols. I use [Hack Nerd Font][6] for almost everything console-related since it is easy for me to read and has many, many useful extra symbols. You'll also note that I turn on operating system clipboard support and mouse support.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, when tmux starts up, the status bar at the bottom provides a bit more information—and in exciting colors. **Ctrl**+**b** is still the "leader" key for entering commands, but some others have changed. Splitting panes horizontally (top/bottom) is now **Ctrl**+**b**+**-** and vertically is now **Ctrl**+**b**+**_**. With mouse mode turned on, you can click to switch between the panes and drag the dividers to resize them. Opening a new window is still **Ctrl**+**b**+**n**, and you can now click on the window name on the bottom bar to switch between them. Also, **Ctrl**+**b**+**e** will open up the **.tmux.conf.local** file for editing. When you exit the editor, tmux will reload the configuration without reloading anything else. Very useful.
|
||||
|
||||
So far, I've only made some simple changes to functionality and visual display and added mouse support. Now I'll set it up to launch the apps I want in a way that makes sense and without having to reposition and resize them every time. For that, I'll use [tmuxinator][7]. Tmuxinator is a launcher for tmux that allows you to specify and manage layouts and autostart applications with a YAML file. To use it, start tmux and create panes with the things you want running in them. Then, open a new window with **Ctrl**+**b**+**n**, and execute **tmux list-windows**. You will get detailed information about the layout.
|
||||
|
||||
![tmux layout information][8]
|
||||
|
||||
Note the first line in the code above where I set up four panes with an application in each one.** **Save the output from when you run it for later. Now, run **tmuxinator new 20days** to create a layout named **20days**. This will bring up a text editor with the default layout file. It has a lot of useful stuff in it, and I encourage you to read up on all the options. Start by putting in the layout information above and what apps you want where:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# /Users/ksonney/.config/tmuxinator/20days.yml
|
||||
name: 20days
|
||||
root: ~/
|
||||
windows:
|
||||
- mail:
|
||||
layout: d9da,208x60,0,0[208x26,0,0{104x26,0,0,0,103x26,105,0,5},208x33,0,27{104x33,0,27,1,103x33,105,27,4}]] @0
|
||||
panes:
|
||||
- alot
|
||||
- abook
|
||||
- ikhal
|
||||
- todo.sh ls +20days
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Be careful with the spaces! Like Python code, the spaces and indentation matter to how the file is interpreted. Save the file and then run **tmuxinator 20days**. You should get four panes with the [alot][9] mail program, [abook][10], ikhal (a shortcut to [khal][11] interactive), and anything in [todo.txt][12] with the tag **+20days**.
|
||||
|
||||
![sample layout launched by tmuxinator][13]
|
||||
|
||||
You'll also notice that the window on the bottom bar is labeled Mail. You can click on the name (along with other named windows) to jump to that view. Nifty, right? I set up a second window named Social with [Tuir][14], [Newsboat][15], an IRC client connected to [BitlBee][16], and [Rainbow Stream][17] in the same file.
|
||||
|
||||
Tmux is my productivity powerhouse for keeping track of all the things, and with tmuxinator, I don't have to worry about constantly resizing, placing, and launching my applications.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/tmux-console
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Kevin Sonney][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/ksonney
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/coffee_tea_laptop_computer_work_desk.png?itok=D5yMx_Dr (Person drinking a hat drink at the computer)
|
||||
[2]: https://github.com/tmux/tmux
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/productivity_15-1.png (tumux)
|
||||
[4]: https://github.com/gpakosz/.tmux
|
||||
[5]: https://github.com/powerline/powerline
|
||||
[6]: https://www.nerdfonts.com/
|
||||
[7]: https://github.com/tmuxinator/tmuxinator
|
||||
[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/productivity_15-2.png (tmux layout information)
|
||||
[9]: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/organize-email-notmuch
|
||||
[10]: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/sync-contacts-locally
|
||||
[11]: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/open-source-calendar
|
||||
[12]: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/open-source-to-do-list
|
||||
[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/productivity_15-3.png (sample layout launched by tmuxinator)
|
||||
[14]: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/open-source-reddit-client
|
||||
[15]: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/open-source-rss-feed-reader
|
||||
[16]: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/open-source-chat-tool
|
||||
[17]: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/tweet-terminal-rainbow-stream
|
||||
@ -1,475 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (robsean)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Enable your Python game player to run forward and backward)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/12/python-platformer-game-run)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth)
|
||||
|
||||
使你的 Python 游戏玩家能够向前和向后跑
|
||||
======
|
||||
使用 Pygame 模块来使你的 Python 平台开启侧滚效果，来让你的玩家自由奔跑。
|
||||
![Gaming artifacts with joystick, GameBoy, paddle][1]
|
||||
|
||||
这是仍在进行中的关于使用 Pygame 模块来在 Python 3 中在创建电脑游戏的第八部分。先前的文章是：
|
||||
|
||||
* [通过构建一个简单的掷骰子游戏去学习怎么用 Python 编程][2]
|
||||
* [使用 Python 和 Pygame 模块构建一个游戏框架][3]
|
||||
* [如何在你的 Python 游戏中添加一个玩家][4]
|
||||
* [用 Pygame 使你的游戏角色移动起来][5]
|
||||
* [如何向你的 Python 游戏中添加一个敌人][6]
|
||||
* [在 Pygame 游戏中放置平台][12]
|
||||
* [在你的 Python 游戏中模拟引力][7]
|
||||
* [为你的 Python 平台类游戏添加跳跃功能][8]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在这一系列关于使用 [Pygame][10] 模块来在 [Python 3][9]中创建电脑游戏的先前条目中，你已经设计了你的层设计布局，但是你的层的一些部分可能已近超出你的可视屏幕。在平台类游戏中，这个问题的普遍解决方案是，像术语"侧滚动"表明的一样，滚动。
|
||||
|
||||
滚动的关键是当玩家精灵接近屏的幕边缘时，使在玩家精灵周围的平台移动。这样给予一种错觉，屏幕是一个在游戏世界中穿梭追拍的"摄像机"。
|
||||
|
||||
这个滚动技巧需要两个在屏幕边缘的绝对区域，在绝对区域内的点处，在世界滚动期间，你的化身静止不动。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在侧滚动条中放置卷轴
|
||||
|
||||
如果你希望你的玩家能够后退，你需要一个触发点来向前和向后。这两个点仅仅是两个变量。设置它们各个距各个屏幕边缘大约 100 或 200 像素。在你的 **setup** 部分中创建变量。在下面的代码中，前两行用于背景说明，所以仅需要添加这行后的代码：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
player_list.add(player)
|
||||
steps = 10
|
||||
forwardX = 600
|
||||
backwardX = 230
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在主循环中，查看你的玩家精灵是否在 **前进** 或 **后退** 滚动点处。如果是这样，向左或向右移动使用的平台，取决于世界是向前或向后移动。在下面的代码中，代码的最后三行仅供你参考：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# scroll the world forward
|
||||
if player.rect.x >= forwardx:
|
||||
scroll = player.rect.x - forwardx
|
||||
player.rect.x = forwardx
|
||||
for p in plat_list:
|
||||
p.rect.x -= scroll
|
||||
|
||||
# scroll the world backward
|
||||
if player.rect.x <= backwardx:
|
||||
scroll = backwardx - player.rect.x
|
||||
player.rect.x = backwardx
|
||||
for p in plat_list:
|
||||
p.rect.x += scroll
|
||||
|
||||
## scrolling code above
|
||||
world.blit(backdrop, backdropbox)
|
||||
player.gravity() # check gravity
|
||||
player.update()
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
启动你的游戏，并尝试它。
|
||||
|
||||
![Scrolling the world in Pygame][11]
|
||||
|
||||
滚动工作像预期的一样，但是你可能注意到一个发生的小问题，当你滚动你的玩家和非玩家精灵周围的世界时：敌人精灵不随同世界滚动。除非你愿意。
|
||||
|
||||
你的敌人精灵要无休止地追逐你的玩家，你需要修改敌人代码，以便当你的玩家快速撤退时，敌人被留在hz后面。
|
||||
|
||||
### 敌人卷轴
|
||||
|
||||
在你的主循环中，你必需为你的敌人的位置的卷轴平台应用相同的规则。因为你的游戏世界将(很可能)有不止一个敌人在其中，该规则被应用于你的敌人列表，而不是一个单独的敌人精灵。 这是分组类似元素到列表中的优点之一。
|
||||
|
||||
前两行用于背景注释，所以只需添加这两行后面的代码到你的主循环中：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# scroll the world forward
|
||||
if player.rect.x >= forwardx:
|
||||
scroll = player.rect.x - forwardx
|
||||
player.rect.x = forwardx
|
||||
for p in plat_list:
|
||||
p.rect.x -= scroll
|
||||
for e in enemy_list:
|
||||
e.rect.x -= scroll
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
来滚向另一个方向：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# scroll the world backward
|
||||
if player.rect.x <= backwardx:
|
||||
scroll = backwardx - player.rect.x
|
||||
player.rect.x = backwardx
|
||||
for p in plat_list:
|
||||
p.rect.x += scroll
|
||||
for e in enemy_list:
|
||||
e.rect.x += scroll
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
再次启动游戏，看看发生什么。
|
||||
|
||||
这里是到目前为止你已经为这个 Python 平台所写所有的代码：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
#!/usr/bin/env python3
|
||||
# draw a world
|
||||
# add a player and player control
|
||||
# add player movement
|
||||
# add enemy and basic collision
|
||||
# add platform
|
||||
# add gravity
|
||||
# add jumping
|
||||
# add scrolling
|
||||
|
||||
# GNU All-Permissive License
|
||||
# Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
|
||||
# are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
|
||||
# notice and this notice are preserved. This file is offered as-is,
|
||||
# without any warranty.
|
||||
|
||||
import pygame
|
||||
import sys
|
||||
import os
|
||||
|
||||
'''
|
||||
Objects
|
||||
'''
|
||||
|
||||
class Platform(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
|
||||
# x location, y location, img width, img height, img file
|
||||
def __init__(self,xloc,yloc,imgw,imgh,img):
|
||||
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
|
||||
self.image = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('images',img)).convert()
|
||||
self.image.convert_alpha()
|
||||
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
|
||||
self.rect.y = yloc
|
||||
self.rect.x = xloc
|
||||
|
||||
class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
|
||||
'''
|
||||
Spawn a player
|
||||
'''
|
||||
def __init__(self):
|
||||
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
|
||||
self.movex = 0
|
||||
self.movey = 0
|
||||
self.frame = 0
|
||||
self.health = 10
|
||||
self.collide_delta = 0
|
||||
self.jump_delta = 6
|
||||
self.score = 1
|
||||
self.images = []
|
||||
for i in range(1,9):
|
||||
img = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('images','hero' + str(i) + '.png')).convert()
|
||||
img.convert_alpha()
|
||||
img.set_colorkey(ALPHA)
|
||||
self.images.append(img)
|
||||
self.image = self.images[0]
|
||||
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
|
||||
|
||||
def jump(self,platform_list):
|
||||
self.jump_delta = 0
|
||||
|
||||
def gravity(self):
|
||||
self.movey += 3.2 # how fast player falls
|
||||
|
||||
if self.rect.y > worldy and self.movey >= 0:
|
||||
self.movey = 0
|
||||
self.rect.y = worldy-ty
|
||||
|
||||
def control(self,x,y):
|
||||
'''
|
||||
control player movement
|
||||
'''
|
||||
self.movex += x
|
||||
self.movey += y
|
||||
|
||||
def update(self):
|
||||
'''
|
||||
Update sprite position
|
||||
'''
|
||||
|
||||
self.rect.x = self.rect.x + self.movex
|
||||
self.rect.y = self.rect.y + self.movey
|
||||
|
||||
# moving left
|
||||
if self.movex < 0:
|
||||
self.frame += 1
|
||||
if self.frame > ani*3:
|
||||
self.frame = 0
|
||||
self.image = self.images[self.frame//ani]
|
||||
|
||||
# moving right
|
||||
if self.movex > 0:
|
||||
self.frame += 1
|
||||
if self.frame > ani*3:
|
||||
self.frame = 0
|
||||
self.image = self.images[(self.frame//ani)+4]
|
||||
|
||||
# collisions
|
||||
enemy_hit_list = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, enemy_list, False)
|
||||
for enemy in enemy_hit_list:
|
||||
self.health -= 1
|
||||
#print(self.health)
|
||||
|
||||
plat_hit_list = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, plat_list, False)
|
||||
for p in plat_hit_list:
|
||||
self.collide_delta = 0 # stop jumping
|
||||
self.movey = 0
|
||||
if self.rect.y > p.rect.y:
|
||||
self.rect.y = p.rect.y+ty
|
||||
else:
|
||||
self.rect.y = p.rect.y-ty
|
||||
|
||||
ground_hit_list = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, ground_list, False)
|
||||
for g in ground_hit_list:
|
||||
self.movey = 0
|
||||
self.rect.y = worldy-ty-ty
|
||||
self.collide_delta = 0 # stop jumping
|
||||
if self.rect.y > g.rect.y:
|
||||
self.health -=1
|
||||
print(self.health)
|
||||
|
||||
if self.collide_delta < 6 and self.jump_delta < 6:
|
||||
self.jump_delta = 6*2
|
||||
self.movey -= 33 # how high to jump
|
||||
self.collide_delta += 6
|
||||
self.jump_delta += 6
|
||||
|
||||
class Enemy(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
|
||||
'''
|
||||
Spawn an enemy
|
||||
'''
|
||||
def __init__(self,x,y,img):
|
||||
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
|
||||
self.image = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('images',img))
|
||||
self.movey = 0
|
||||
#self.image.convert_alpha()
|
||||
#self.image.set_colorkey(ALPHA)
|
||||
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
|
||||
self.rect.x = x
|
||||
self.rect.y = y
|
||||
self.counter = 0
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def move(self):
|
||||
'''
|
||||
enemy movement
|
||||
'''
|
||||
distance = 80
|
||||
speed = 8
|
||||
|
||||
self.movey += 3.2
|
||||
|
||||
if self.counter >= 0 and self.counter <= distance:
|
||||
self.rect.x += speed
|
||||
elif self.counter >= distance and self.counter <= distance*2:
|
||||
self.rect.x -= speed
|
||||
else:
|
||||
self.counter = 0
|
||||
|
||||
self.counter += 1
|
||||
|
||||
if not self.rect.y >= worldy-ty-ty:
|
||||
self.rect.y += self.movey
|
||||
|
||||
plat_hit_list = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, plat_list, False)
|
||||
for p in plat_hit_list:
|
||||
self.movey = 0
|
||||
if self.rect.y > p.rect.y:
|
||||
self.rect.y = p.rect.y+ty
|
||||
else:
|
||||
self.rect.y = p.rect.y-ty
|
||||
|
||||
ground_hit_list = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, ground_list, False)
|
||||
for g in ground_hit_list:
|
||||
self.rect.y = worldy-ty-ty
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class Level():
|
||||
def bad(lvl,eloc):
|
||||
if lvl == 1:
|
||||
enemy = Enemy(eloc[0],eloc[1],'yeti.png') # spawn enemy
|
||||
enemy_list = pygame.sprite.Group() # create enemy group
|
||||
enemy_list.add(enemy) # add enemy to group
|
||||
|
||||
if lvl == 2:
|
||||
print("Level " + str(lvl) )
|
||||
|
||||
return enemy_list
|
||||
|
||||
def loot(lvl,lloc):
|
||||
print(lvl)
|
||||
|
||||
def ground(lvl,gloc,tx,ty):
|
||||
ground_list = pygame.sprite.Group()
|
||||
i=0
|
||||
if lvl == 1:
|
||||
while i < len(gloc):
|
||||
ground = Platform(gloc[i],worldy-ty,tx,ty,'ground.png')
|
||||
ground_list.add(ground)
|
||||
i=i+1
|
||||
|
||||
if lvl == 2:
|
||||
print("Level " + str(lvl) )
|
||||
|
||||
return ground_list
|
||||
|
||||
def platform(lvl,tx,ty):
|
||||
plat_list = pygame.sprite.Group()
|
||||
ploc = []
|
||||
i=0
|
||||
if lvl == 1:
|
||||
ploc.append((0,worldy-ty-128,3))
|
||||
ploc.append((300,worldy-ty-256,3))
|
||||
ploc.append((500,worldy-ty-128,4))
|
||||
|
||||
while i < len(ploc):
|
||||
j=0
|
||||
while j <= ploc[i][2]:
|
||||
plat = Platform((ploc[i][0]+(j*tx)),ploc[i][1],tx,ty,'ground.png')
|
||||
plat_list.add(plat)
|
||||
j=j+1
|
||||
print('run' + str(i) + str(ploc[i]))
|
||||
i=i+1
|
||||
|
||||
if lvl == 2:
|
||||
print("Level " + str(lvl) )
|
||||
|
||||
return plat_list
|
||||
|
||||
'''
|
||||
Setup
|
||||
'''
|
||||
worldx = 960
|
||||
worldy = 720
|
||||
|
||||
fps = 40 # frame rate
|
||||
ani = 4 # animation cycles
|
||||
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
|
||||
pygame.init()
|
||||
main = True
|
||||
|
||||
BLUE = (25,25,200)
|
||||
BLACK = (23,23,23 )
|
||||
WHITE = (254,254,254)
|
||||
ALPHA = (0,255,0)
|
||||
|
||||
world = pygame.display.set_mode([worldx,worldy])
|
||||
backdrop = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('images','stage.png')).convert()
|
||||
backdropbox = world.get_rect()
|
||||
player = Player() # spawn player
|
||||
player.rect.x = 0
|
||||
player.rect.y = 0
|
||||
player_list = pygame.sprite.Group()
|
||||
player_list.add(player)
|
||||
steps = 10
|
||||
forwardx = 600
|
||||
backwardx = 230
|
||||
|
||||
eloc = []
|
||||
eloc = [200,20]
|
||||
gloc = []
|
||||
#gloc = [0,630,64,630,128,630,192,630,256,630,320,630,384,630]
|
||||
tx = 64 #tile size
|
||||
ty = 64 #tile size
|
||||
|
||||
i=0
|
||||
while i <= (worldx/tx)+tx:
|
||||
gloc.append(i*tx)
|
||||
i=i+1
|
||||
|
||||
enemy_list = Level.bad( 1, eloc )
|
||||
ground_list = Level.ground( 1,gloc,tx,ty )
|
||||
plat_list = Level.platform( 1,tx,ty )
|
||||
|
||||
'''
|
||||
Main loop
|
||||
'''
|
||||
while main == True:
|
||||
for event in pygame.event.get():
|
||||
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
|
||||
pygame.quit(); sys.exit()
|
||||
main = False
|
||||
|
||||
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
|
||||
if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT or event.key == ord('a'):
|
||||
print("LEFT")
|
||||
player.control(-steps,0)
|
||||
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT or event.key == ord('d'):
|
||||
print("RIGHT")
|
||||
player.control(steps,0)
|
||||
if event.key == pygame.K_UP or event.key == ord('w'):
|
||||
print('jump')
|
||||
|
||||
if event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
|
||||
if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT or event.key == ord('a'):
|
||||
player.control(steps,0)
|
||||
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT or event.key == ord('d'):
|
||||
player.control(-steps,0)
|
||||
if event.key == pygame.K_UP or event.key == ord('w'):
|
||||
player.jump(plat_list)
|
||||
|
||||
if event.key == ord('q'):
|
||||
pygame.quit()
|
||||
sys.exit()
|
||||
main = False
|
||||
|
||||
# scroll the world forward
|
||||
if player.rect.x >= forwardx:
|
||||
scroll = player.rect.x - forwardx
|
||||
player.rect.x = forwardx
|
||||
for p in plat_list:
|
||||
p.rect.x -= scroll
|
||||
for e in enemy_list:
|
||||
e.rect.x -= scroll
|
||||
|
||||
# scroll the world backward
|
||||
if player.rect.x <= backwardx:
|
||||
scroll = backwardx - player.rect.x
|
||||
player.rect.x = backwardx
|
||||
for p in plat_list:
|
||||
p.rect.x += scroll
|
||||
for e in enemy_list:
|
||||
e.rect.x += scroll
|
||||
|
||||
world.blit(backdrop, backdropbox)
|
||||
player.gravity() # check gravity
|
||||
player.update()
|
||||
player_list.draw(world) #refresh player position
|
||||
enemy_list.draw(world) # refresh enemies
|
||||
ground_list.draw(world) # refresh enemies
|
||||
plat_list.draw(world) # refresh platforms
|
||||
for e in enemy_list:
|
||||
e.move()
|
||||
pygame.display.flip()
|
||||
clock.tick(fps)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/python-platformer-game-run
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/open_gaming_games_roundup_news.png?itok=KM0ViL0f (Gaming artifacts with joystick, GameBoy, paddle)
|
||||
[2]: https://opensource.com/article/17/10/python-101
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/article/17/12/game-framework-python
|
||||
[4]: https://opensource.com/article/17/12/game-python-add-a-player
|
||||
[5]: https://opensource.com/article/17/12/game-python-moving-player
|
||||
[6]: https://opensource.com/article/18/5/pygame-enemy
|
||||
[7]: https://opensource.com/article/19/11/simulate-gravity-python
|
||||
[8]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/jumping-python-platformer-game
|
||||
[9]: https://www.python.org/
|
||||
[10]: https://www.pygame.org/news
|
||||
[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/pygame-scroll.jpg (Scrolling the world in Pygame)
|
||||
[12]:https://opensource.com/article/18/7/put-platforms-python-game
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (laingke)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Setting up passwordless Linux logins using public/private keys)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3514607/setting-up-passwordless-linux-logins-using-publicprivate-keys.html)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Sandra Henry-Stocker https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/)
|
||||
|
||||
使用公钥/私钥对设定免密的 Linux 登录方式
|
||||
======
|
||||
使用一组公钥/私钥对让你不需要密码登录到远程 Linux 系统或使用 ssh 运行命令，这会非常方便，但是设置过程有点复杂。下面是帮助你的方法和脚本。
|
||||
|
||||
在 [Linux][1] 系统上设置一个允许你无需密码即可远程登录或运行命令的帐户并不难，但是要使它正常工作，你还需要掌握一些繁琐的细节。在本文，我们将完成整个过程，然后给出一个可以帮助处理琐碎细节的脚本。
|
||||
|
||||
设置好之后，如果希望在脚本中运行 ssh 命令，尤其是希望配置自动运行的命令，那么免密访问特别有用。
|
||||
|
||||
需要注意的是，你不需要在两个系统上使用相同的用户帐户。实际上，你可以把公用密钥用于系统上的多个帐户或多个系统上的不同帐户。
|
||||
|
||||
设置方法如下。
|
||||
|
||||
### which system to start on?在哪个系统上启动？
|
||||
|
||||
首先，你需要从要发出命令的系统上着手。那就是你用来创建 ssh 密钥的系统。你还需要访问远程系统上的帐户并在其上运行这些命令。
|
||||
|
||||
为了使角色清晰明了，我们将场景中的第一个系统称为“boss”，因为它将发出要在另一个系统上运行的命令。
|
||||
|
||||
因此，命令提示符如下：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
boss$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
如果您还没有在 boss 系统上为你的帐户设置公钥/私钥对，请使用如下所示的命令创建一个密钥对。注意，你可以在各种加密算法之间进行选择。（一般使用RSA或DSA。）注意，要在不输入密码的情况下访问系统，您需要在下面的对话框中输入两个提示符的密码。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你已经有一个与此帐户关联的公钥/私钥对，请跳过此步骤。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
boss$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
|
||||
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
|
||||
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/myself/.ssh/id_rsa):
|
||||
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): <== 按下回车键即可
|
||||
Enter same passphrase again: <== 按下回车键即可
|
||||
Your identification has been saved in /home/myself/.ssh/id_rsa.
|
||||
Your public key has been saved in /home/myself/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
|
||||
The key fingerprint is:
|
||||
SHA256:1zz6pZcMjA1av8iyojqo6NVYgTl1+cc+N43kIwGKOUI myself@boss
|
||||
The key's randomart image is:
|
||||
+---[RSA 3072]----+
|
||||
| . .. |
|
||||
| E+ .. . |
|
||||
| .+ .o + o |
|
||||
| ..+.. .o* . |
|
||||
| ... So+*B o |
|
||||
| + ...==B . |
|
||||
| . o . ....++. |
|
||||
|o o . . o..o+ |
|
||||
|=..o.. ..o o. |
|
||||
+----[SHA256]-----+
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
上面显示的命令将创建公钥和私钥。其中公钥用于加密，私钥用于解密。因此，这些密钥之间的关系是关键的，私有密钥**绝不**应该被共享。相反，它应该保存在 boss 系统的 .ssh 文件夹中。
|
||||
|
||||
注意，在创建时，你的公钥和私钥将会保存在 .ssh 文件夹中。
|
||||
|
||||
下一步是将**公钥**复制到你希望从 boss 系统免密访问的系统。你可以使用 **scp** 命令来完成此操作，但此时你仍然需要输入密码。在本例中，该系统称为“target”。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
boss$ scp .ssh/id_rsa.pub myacct@target:/home/myaccount
|
||||
myacct@target's password:
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
你需要安装公钥在 target 系统（将运行命令的系统）上。如果你没有 .ssh 目录（例如，你从未在该系统上使用过 ssh），运行这样的命令将为你设置一个目录：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
target$ ssh localhost date
|
||||
target$ ls -la .ssh
|
||||
total 12
|
||||
drwx------ 2 myacct myacct 4096 Jan 19 11:48 .
|
||||
drwxr-xr-x 6 myacct myacct 4096 Jan 19 11:49 ..
|
||||
-rw-r--r-- 1 myacct myacct 222 Jan 19 11:48 known_hosts
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
仍然在目标系统上，你需要将从“boss”系统传输的公钥添加到 .ssh/authorized_keys 文件中。如果密钥已经存在，使用下面的命令将把它添加到文件的末尾；如果文件不存在，则创建文件并添加密钥。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
target$ cat id_rsa.pub >> .ssh/authorized_keys
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
下一步，你需要确保你的 authorized_keys 文件权限为 600。如果还不是，执行命令 ```chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys```。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
target$ ls -l authorized_keys
|
||||
-rw------- 1 myself myself 569 Jan 19 12:10 authorized_keys
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
还要检查目标系统上 .ssh 目录的权限是否设置为 700。如果需要，执行 ```chmod 700 .ssh``` 命令修改权限。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
target$ ls -ld .ssh
|
||||
drwx------ 2 myacct myacct 4096 Jan 14 15:54 .ssh
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
此时，你应该能够从 boss 系统远程免密运行命令到目标系统。除非目标系统上的目标用户帐户拥有与你试图连接的用户和主机相同的旧公钥，否则这应该可以工作。如果是这样，你应该删除早期的（并冲突的）条目。
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用脚本
|
||||
|
||||
使用脚本可以使某些工作变得更加容易。但是，在下面的示例脚本中，你会遇到的一个烦人的问题是，在配置免密访问权限之前，你必须多次输入目标用户的密码。一种选择是将脚本分为两部分——需要在 boss 系统上运行的命令和需要在 target 系统上运行的命令。
|
||||
|
||||
这是“一步到位”版本的脚本：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
# NOTE: This script requires that you have the password for the remote acct
|
||||
# in order to set up password-free access using your public key
|
||||
|
||||
LOC=`hostname` # the local system from which you want to run commands from
|
||||
# wo a password
|
||||
|
||||
# get target system and account
|
||||
echo -n "target system> "
|
||||
read REM
|
||||
echo -n "target user> "
|
||||
read user
|
||||
|
||||
# create a key pair if no public key exists
|
||||
if [ ! -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub ]; then
|
||||
ssh-keygen -t rsa
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
# ensure a .ssh directory exists in the remote account
|
||||
echo checking for .ssh directory on remote system
|
||||
ssh $user@$REM "if [ ! -d /home/$user/.ssh ]; then mkdir /home/$user/.ssh; fi"
|
||||
|
||||
# share the public key (using local hostname)
|
||||
echo copying the public key
|
||||
scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub $user@$REM:/home/$user/$user-$LOC.pub
|
||||
|
||||
# put the public key into the proper location
|
||||
echo adding key to authorized_keys
|
||||
ssh $user@$REM "cat /home/$user/$user-$LOC.pub >> /home/$user/.ssh/authorized_ke
|
||||
ys"
|
||||
|
||||
# set permissions on authorized_keys and .ssh (might be OK already)
|
||||
echo setting permissions
|
||||
ssh $user@$REM "chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys"
|
||||
ssh $user@$REM "chmod 700 ~/.ssh"
|
||||
|
||||
# try it out -- should NOT ask for a password
|
||||
echo testing -- if no password is requested, you are all set
|
||||
ssh $user@$REM /bin/hostname
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
脚本已经配置为在你每次必须输入密码时告诉你它正在做什么。交互看起来是这样的:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ ./rem_login_setup
|
||||
target system> fruitfly
|
||||
target user> lola
|
||||
checking for .ssh directory on remote system
|
||||
lola@fruitfly's password:
|
||||
copying the public key
|
||||
lola@fruitfly's password:
|
||||
id_rsa.pub 100% 567 219.1KB/s 00:00
|
||||
adding key to authorized_keys
|
||||
lola@fruitfly's password:
|
||||
setting permissions
|
||||
lola@fruitfly's password:
|
||||
testing -- if no password is requested, you are all set
|
||||
fruitfly
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在上面的场景之后，你就可以像这样登录到 lola 的帐户：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ ssh lola@fruitfly
|
||||
[lola@fruitfly ~]$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
一旦设置了免密登录，你就可以不需要键入密码从 boss 系统登录到 target 系统，并且运行任意的 ssh 命令。以这种免密的方式运行并不意味着你的帐户不安全。然而，根据target 系统的性质，保护您在 boss 系统上的密码可能变得更加重要。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3514607/setting-up-passwordless-linux-logins-using-publicprivate-keys.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Sandra Henry-Stocker][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[laingke](https://github.com/laingke)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3215226/what-is-linux-uses-featres-products-operating-systems.html
|
||||
[2]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3440100/take-the-intelligent-route-with-consumption-based-storage.html?utm_source=IDG&utm_medium=promotions&utm_campaign=HPE21620&utm_content=sidebar ( Take the Intelligent Route with Consumption-Based Storage)
|
||||
[3]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3143050/linux/linux-hardening-a-15-step-checklist-for-a-secure-linux-server.html#tk.nww-fsb
|
||||
[4]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
|
||||
[5]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user