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[#]: subject: "4 ways you can edit a PDF with the pdftk-java command"
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[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/12/edit-pdf-linux-pdftk"
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[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth"
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[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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4 ways you can edit a PDF with the pdftk-java command
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======
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Combine PDFs, remove pages, split PDFs, and fill in forms with this
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handy Linux command.
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![a checklist for a team][1]
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Between technology whitepapers, manuscripts, and RPG books, I deal with lots of PDFs every day. The PDF format is popular because it contains processed PostScript code. PostScript is the native language of modern printers, so publishers often release a digital version of a book as a PDF because they've invested in the time and effort to produce a file for print anyway. But a PDF isn't intended to be an editable format, and while some reverse processing is possible, it's meant to be the last stop for digital data before it's sent to the printer. Even so, sometimes you need to make adjustments to a PDF, and one of my favorite tools for that job is the [pdftk-java][2] command.
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### Install pdftk-java on Linux
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As its name suggests, `pdftk-java` is written in Java, so it works on all major operating systems as long as you have Java installed.
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Linux and macOS users can install Java from [AdoptOpenJDK.net][3]. Windows users can install [Red Hat's Windows build of OpenJDK][4].
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To install `pdftk-java`:
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1\. Download the [pdftk-all.jar release][5] from its Gitlab repository, and save it to `~/.local/bin/` or [some other location in your path][6].
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2\. Open `~/.bashrc` in your favorite text editor and add this line to it:
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```
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`alias pdftk='java -jar $HOME/.local/bin/pdftk-all.jar'`
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```
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3\. Load your new Bash settings:
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```
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`$ source ~/.bashrc`
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```
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### Command syntax
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The structure of a valid `pdftk-java` command follows a pattern, but there's a lot of flexibility in what's in the pattern. The syntax is a little unusual because it doesn't use traditional-style [terminal options][7], but with practice, it's not too difficult to remember.
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* `pdftk`: The alias to call the command
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* input file: The PDF you want to modify
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* action: What you want to do to the input file
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* output: Where you want to save your modified PDF file
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It's the action part that's most complex, so I'll start with simple tasks.
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### Combine two PDF files into one
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It's not uncommon for the front cover of a book to be created in a separate application, such as Inkscape or GIMP, than the rest of the book, which is usually done in a layout application like Scribus or an office suite like LibreOffice. You could combine the two in your layout application. A good desktop publisher like Scribus makes it easy just to reference an image so that when the cover changes, it's automatically updated in layout. However, it's also possible to prepend the cover to a PDF with `pdftk-java`:
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```
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$ pdftk cover.pdf body.pdf \
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cat \
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output book.pdf
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```
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In this example, the action is `cat`, as in _concatenate_ and like the Linux [cat command][8], it concatenates one or more PDF files into a single data stream, and the data stream is directed into whatever file the `output` argument specifies.
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### Remove pages from a PDF
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You can't exactly remove a page from a PDF, but you can create a new PDF containing only the pages you want to keep.
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```
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$ pdftk book.pdf \
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cat 1 3-end \
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output shorter-book.pdf
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```
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In this example, page 1 of my book file, and all pages from 3 to the end, are saved to a new file. The page I've removed, therefore, is page 2.
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### Split a PDF into separate files
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Splitting a PDF file into many different files also uses the `cat` action, and it's similar in principle to removing pages. You can split a PDF by sending the pages you want to a new file:
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```
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$ pdftk book.pdf \
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cat 1-15 \
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output part-1.pdf
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$ pdftk book.pdf \
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cat 16-42 \
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output part-2.pdf
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```
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If you need to split a PDF into single-page files, there's a special action for that, called `burst`:
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```
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$ pdftk book.pdf burst
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$ ls
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book.pdf pg_0001.pdf pg_0002.pdf
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pg_0003.pdf pg_0004.pdf pg_0005.pdf
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[...]
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```
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### Fill in forms
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Few would argue that the PDF format hasn't become bloated over the years, and one feature you sometimes find in a PDF file is a fillable form. You see this in US tax documents, RPG character sheets, online school workbooks, and other PDF files that are intended to be interactive. While most modern PDF viewers, such as GNOME's Evince and KDE's Okular, can fill out PDF forms, you can also fill out a PDF form with the help of `pdftk-java`.
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First, you must extract the form data using the `generate_fdf` action. This extracts the IDs of the form elements and places them into a text file.
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```
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$ pdftk character-sheet.pdf \
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generate_fdf \
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output chsheet-form.txt
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```
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Your destination file (in this example, `chsheet-form.txt`) contains the data of the form contained in the PDF, but just the text parts. You can edit it in any standard text editor, like [Atom][9] or [Gedit][10].
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In a sometimes admirable and sometimes awkward glimpse into the workflow of the organization producing the PDF, you'll find some forms are clearly labeled, while others have default names like "Checkbox_001" and "Textfield-021", so you might have to cross-reference your text file with your PDF, but that may be worthwhile if you're writing a script to fill out forms automatically. Each label is marked as a `/T` item, and on the following line, there's space (marked as `/V`) provided for text entry. Here's a snippet from one that's got context to its labels and some data filled in:
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```
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/T (CharacterName 2)
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/V (Abaddon)
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>>
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<<
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/T (SlotsTotal 24)
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/V ()
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>>
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<<
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/T (Hair)
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/V (Brown)
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>>
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<<
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/T (AC)
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/V (15)
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>>
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<<
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/T (Background)
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/V ()
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>>
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<<
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/T (DEXmod )
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/V ()
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```
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Once you've got the form data entered, you can combine your text input with the PDF structure with the `fill_form` action:
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```
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$ pdftk character-sheet.pdf \
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fill_form chsheet-form.txt \
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output completed.pdf
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```
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Here's a sample of the result:
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![A form filled by pdftk-java][11]
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(Seth Kenlon, CC BY-SA 4.0)
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### PDF modification made easy
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When you deal with lots of PDF files or PDF files through shell scripts, a tool like `pdftk-java` is invaluable because it frees you from having to do everything manually. When I build a PDF from the output of [Docbook][12], it's a Makefile that calls `pdftk-java` for any number of tasks, so there's no chance of me forgetting a step or mistyping the command, and there's no need for me to spend my time on it. There are lots of other reasons you might use `pdftk-java` in your own workflow, and lots of other things `pdftk-java` can do, including actions like `shuffle`, `rotate`, `dump_data`, `update_info`, and `attach_files`. If you find yourself dealing with PDF files often, give `pdftk-java` a try.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/21/12/edit-pdf-linux-pdftk
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作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/checklist_hands_team_collaboration.png?itok=u82QepPk (a checklist for a team)
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[2]: https://gitlab.com/pdftk-java/pdftk
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[3]: https://adoptopenjdk.net/releases.html
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[4]: https://developers.redhat.com/products/openjdk/download
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[5]: https://gitlab.com/pdftk-java/pdftk/-/jobs/1527259628/artifacts/raw/build/libs/pdftk-all.jar
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[6]: https://opensource.com/article/17/6/set-path-linux
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[7]: https://opensource.com/article/21/8/linux-terminal
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[8]: https://opensource.com/article/19/2/getting-started-cat-command
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[9]: https://opensource.com/article/20/12/atom
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[10]: https://opensource.com/article/20/12/gedit
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[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/pdftk-form-fill.jpg (A form filled by pdftk-java)
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[12]: https://opensource.com/article/17/9/docbook
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@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
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[#]: subject: "4 ways you can edit a PDF with the pdftk-java command"
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[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/12/edit-pdf-linux-pdftk"
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[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth"
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[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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用 pdftk-java 命令编辑 PDF 的 4 种方法
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======
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用这个方便的 Linux 命令合并 PDF、删除页面、分割 PDF 和填写表格。
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![a checklist for a team][1]
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在技术白皮书、手稿和 RPG 书籍之间，我每天都要处理大量的 PDF 文件。PDF 格式之所以受欢迎，是因为它包含经过处理的 PostScript 代码。PostScript 是现代打印机的原生语言，所以出版商经常将一本书的数字版本发布为 PDF，因为他们已经投入了时间和精力来制作印刷用的文件。但是，PDF 并不是一种可编辑的格式，虽然可以进行一些逆向处理，但它是数字数据发送到打印机之前的最后一站。即便如此，有时你还是需要对 PDF 进行调整，而我最喜欢的工具之一就是 [pdftk-java][2] 命令。
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### 在 Linux 上安装 pdftk-java
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顾名思义，`pdftk-java`是用Java编写的，所以只要你安装了Java，它就能在所有主要的操作系统上工作。
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Linux 和 macOS 用户可以从 [AdoptOpenJDK.net][3] 安装 Java。Windows 用户可以安装 [Red Hat 的 OpenJDK 的 Windows版本][4]。
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要安装 `pdftk-java`：
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1\. 从 Gitlab 仓库下载 [pdftk-all.jar 程序][5]，并将其保存到 `~/.local/bin/` 或[你 path 变量中的其他位置][6]。
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2\. 在你喜欢的文本编辑器中打开 `~/.bashrc` 并添加这一行：
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```
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`alias pdftk='java -jar $HOME/.local/bin/pdftk-all.jar'`
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```
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3\. 加载你的新 Bash 设置：
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```
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`$ source ~/.bashrc`
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```
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### 命令语法
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一个有效的 `pdftk-java` 命令的结构遵循一个模式，但在模式中的内容有很大的灵活性。语法有点不寻常，因为它没有使用传统风格的[终端选项][7]，但经过实践，它并不难记。
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* `pdftk`：调用该命令的别名
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* 输入文件：你想修改的 PDF 文件
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* 动作：你想对输入文件做什么
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* 输出：你想在哪里保存你修改过的 PDF 文件
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最复杂的是动作部分，所以我将从简单的任务开始。
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### 将两个 PDF 文件合并成一个
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一本书的封面在一个单独的应用中创建，如 Inkscape 或 GIMP，而书的其他部分通常在 Scribus 等排版程序或 LibreOffice 等办公套件中完成，这种情况并不罕见。你可以在你的排版应用中把这两者结合起来。像 Scribus 这样的出版软件可以很容易地只引用一张图片，这样当封面改变时，它就会在版面中自动更新。然而，也可以用 `pdftk-java` 将封面预置到 PDF 中：
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```
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$ pdftk cover.pdf body.pdf \
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cat \
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output book.pdf
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```
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在这个例子中，动作是 `cat` 即 _concatenate_（连接），和 Linux 的 [cat 命令][8]一样，它将一个或多个 PDF 文件串联成一个数据流，数据流被引导到`输出`参数指定的任何文件中。
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### 从一个 PDF 中删除页面
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你不能确切地从一个 PDF 中删除一页，但你可以创建一个新的 PDF，只包含你想保留的页面。
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```
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$ pdftk book.pdf \
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cat 1 3-end \
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output shorter-book.pdf
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```
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在这个例子中，我的书文件的第 1 页，以及从 3 到结尾的所有页面，都被保存到一个新文件中。因此，我删除的那一页是第 2 页。
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### 将一个 PDF 分割成不同的文件
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将一个 PDF 文件分割成许多不同的文件也使用 `cat` 动作，它的原理与删除页面相似。你可以通过将你想要的页面发送到一个新文件来分割一个 PDF：
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```
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$ pdftk book.pdf \
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cat 1-15 \
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output part-1.pdf
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$ pdftk book.pdf \
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cat 16-42 \
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output part-2.pdf
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```
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如果你需要将一个 PDF 分割成单页文件，有一个特殊的动作，叫做`burst`：
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```
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$ pdftk book.pdf burst
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$ ls
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book.pdf pg_0001.pdf pg_0002.pdf
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pg_0003.pdf pg_0004.pdf pg_0005.pdf
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[...]
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```
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### 填写表格
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很少有人会认为 PDF 格式多年来没有变得臃肿，而你有时在 PDF 文件中发现的一个功能是可填写的表格。你会在美国税务文件、RPG 角色表、线上学校作业本和其他旨在互动的 PDF 文件中看到这种情况。虽然大多数现代的 PDF 浏览器，比如 GNOME 的 Evince 和 KDE 的 Okular，都可以填写 PDF 表格，但你也可以在 `pdftk-java` 的帮助下填写 PDF 表格。
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|
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首先，你必须使用 `generate_fdf` 动作提取表单数据。这将提取表单元素的 ID，并将它们放入一个文本文件。
|
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|
||||
|
||||
```
|
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|
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$ pdftk character-sheet.pdf \
|
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generate_fdf \
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output chsheet-form.txt
|
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|
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```
|
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|
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你的目标文件（在这个例子中是 `chsheet-form.txt`）包含 PDF 中的表格数据，但只是文本部分。你可以在任何标准的文本编辑器中编辑它，如 [Atom][9] 或 [Gedit][10]。
|
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|
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在对时而令人钦佩，时而令人尴尬的制作 PDF 的组织的工作流程的一瞥中，你会发现一些表格有明确的标签，而其他表格有默认的名字，如 “Checkbox_001” 和 “Textfield-021”，所以你可能要把你的文本文件和你的 PDF 对照一下，但如果你要写一个脚本来自动填写表格，这可能是值得的。每个标签都被标记为 `/T`项，在接下来的一行中，有空间（标记为 `/V`）提供给文本输入。下面是一个片段，它的标签有上下文，并填入了一些数据：
|
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|
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|
||||
```
|
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|
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|
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/T (CharacterName 2)
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/V (Abaddon)
|
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>>
|
||||
<<
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/T (SlotsTotal 24)
|
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/V ()
|
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>>
|
||||
<<
|
||||
/T (Hair)
|
||||
/V (Brown)
|
||||
>>
|
||||
<<
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/T (AC)
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/V (15)
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||||
>>
|
||||
<<
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||||
/T (Background)
|
||||
/V ()
|
||||
>>
|
||||
<<
|
||||
/T (DEXmod )
|
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/V ()
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
当你输入了表单数据，你就可以用 `fill_form` 动作将你的文本输入与 PDF 结构结合起来：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
$ pdftk character-sheet.pdf \
|
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fill_form chsheet-form.txt \
|
||||
output completed.pdf
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
下面是一个结果示例。
|
||||
|
||||
![A form filled by pdftk-java][11]
|
||||
|
||||
（Seth Kenlon, CC BY-SA 4.0）
|
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||||
### PDF 修改变得简单
|
||||
|
||||
当你处理大量的 PDF 文件或通过 shell 脚本处理 PDF 文件时，像 `pdftk-java` 这样的工具是非常有价值的，因为它使你不必手动做所有的事情。当我从 [Docbook][12] 的输出建立一个 PDF 时，它是一个 Makefile，调用 `pdftk-java` 完成任何数量的任务，所以我没有机会忘记某个步骤或打错命令，也没有必要把时间花在这上面。在你自己的工作流程中，还有很多其他的原因你可能会使用 `pdftk-java`，还有很多其他的事情 `pdftk-java` 可以做，包括 `shuffle`、`rotate`、`dump_data`、`update_info` 和 `attach_files` 等动作。如果你发现自己经常与 PDF 文件打交道，可以试试 `pdftk-java`。
|
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|
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/21/12/edit-pdf-linux-pdftk
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/checklist_hands_team_collaboration.png?itok=u82QepPk (a checklist for a team)
|
||||
[2]: https://gitlab.com/pdftk-java/pdftk
|
||||
[3]: https://adoptopenjdk.net/releases.html
|
||||
[4]: https://developers.redhat.com/products/openjdk/download
|
||||
[5]: https://gitlab.com/pdftk-java/pdftk/-/jobs/1527259628/artifacts/raw/build/libs/pdftk-all.jar
|
||||
[6]: https://opensource.com/article/17/6/set-path-linux
|
||||
[7]: https://opensource.com/article/21/8/linux-terminal
|
||||
[8]: https://opensource.com/article/19/2/getting-started-cat-command
|
||||
[9]: https://opensource.com/article/20/12/atom
|
||||
[10]: https://opensource.com/article/20/12/gedit
|
||||
[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/pdftk-form-fill.jpg (A form filled by pdftk-java)
|
||||
[12]: https://opensource.com/article/17/9/docbook
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user