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[#]: subject: "Learn Basic by coding a game"
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/23/2/learn-basic-coding-game"
[#]: author: "Moshe Zadka https://opensource.com/users/moshez"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Learn Basic by coding a game
======
Writing the same application in multiple languages is a great way to learn new ways to program. Most programming languages have certain things in common, such as:
- Variables
- Expressions
- Statements
These concepts are the basis of most programming languages. Once you understand them, you can start figuring the rest out.
Programming languages usually share some similarities. Once you know one programming language, you can learn the basics of another by recognizing its differences.
Practicing with a standard program is a good way of learning a new language. It allows you to focus on the language, not the program's logic. I'm doing that in this article series using a "guess the number" program, in which the computer picks a number between one and 100 and asks you to guess it. The program loops until you guess the number correctly.
This program exercises several concepts in programming languages:
- Variables
- Input
- Output
- Conditional evaluation
- Loops
It's a great practical experiment to learn a new programming language. This article focuses on Basic.
### Guess the number in (Bywater) Basic
There is no real standard for the Basic programming language. Wikipedia says, "BASIC (Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages designed for ease of use." The [BWBasic][1] implementation is available under the GPL.
You can explore Basic by writing a version of the "guess the number" game.
### Install Basic on Linux
In Debian or Ubuntu, you can install Basic with the following:
```
$ apt install -y bwbasic
```
Download the latest release tarball for Fedora, CentOS, Mageia, and any other Linux distribution. Extract it, make it executable, and then run it from a terminal:
```
$ tar --extract --file bwbasic*z
$ chmod +x bywater
$ ./bywater
```
On Windows, [download the .exe release][2].
### Basic code
Here is my implementation:
```
10 value$ = cint(rnd * 100) + 1
20 input "enter guess"; guess$
30 guess$ = val(guess$)
40 if guess$ < value$ then print "Too low"
50 if guess$ > value$ then print "Too high"
60 if guess$ = value$ then 80
70 goto 20
80 print "That's right"
```
Basic programs can be numbered or unnumbered. Usually, it is better to write programs unnumbered, but writing them with numbered lines makes it easier to refer to individual lines.
By convention, coders write lines as multiples of 10. This approach allows interpolating new lines between existing ones for debugging. Here's an explanation of my method above:
- Line 10: Computes a random value between 1 and 100 using the built-in **rnd** function, which generates a number between 0 and 1, not including 1.
- Line 20: Asks for a guess and puts the value in the **guess$ scalar** variable. Line 30 converts the value to a numeric one.
- Lines 40 and 50: Give the guesser feedback, depending on the comparison.
- Line 70: Goes to the beginning of the loop.
- Line 60: _Breaks_& the loop by transferring control to line 80. Line 80 is the last line, so the program exits after that.
### Sample output
The following is an example of the program after putting it in `program.bas`:
```
$ bwbasic program.bas 
Bywater BASIC Interpreter/Shell, version 2.20 patch level 2
Copyright (c) 1993, Ted A. Campbell
Copyright (c) 1995-1997, Jon B. Volkoff
enter guess? 50
Too low
enter guess? 75
Too low
enter guess? 88
Too high
enter guess? 80
Too low
enter guess? 84
Too low
enter guess? 86
Too high
enter guess? 85
That's right
```
### Get started
This "guess the number" game is a great introductory program for learning a new programming language because it exercises several common programming concepts in a pretty straightforward way. By implementing this simple game in different programming languages, you can demonstrate some core concepts of the languages and compare their details.
Do you have a favorite programming language? How would you write the "guess the number" game in it? Follow this article series to see examples of other programming languages that might interest you!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/23/2/learn-basic-coding-game
作者：[Moshe Zadka][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/moshez
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://yeolpishack.net/repos/ChipMaster/bwBASIC
[2]: https://github.com/nerun/bwbasic/releases

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[#]: subject: "Learn Basic by coding a game"
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/23/2/learn-basic-coding-game"
[#]: author: "Moshe Zadka https://opensource.com/users/moshez"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
通过游戏学习 Basic
======
用多种语言编写同一个应用是学习新的编程语言的好方法。大多数编程语言都有某些共同点，如：
- 变量
- 表达式
- 语句
这些概念是大多数编程语言的基础。当你理解了它们，你就可以开始琢磨其他的东西了。
编程语言通常有一些相似之处。当你了解了一种编程语言，你就可以通过认识其差异来学习另一种语言的基础知识。
用标准程序进行练习是学习新语言的一个好方法。它使你能够专注于语言，而不是程序的逻辑。在这个系列文章中，我使用了一个“猜数字”的程序，在这个程序中，计算机在 1 到 100 之间挑选一个数字，并要求你猜出来。程序循环进行，直到你猜对数字为止。
这个程序锻炼了编程语言中的几个概念：
- 变量
- 输入
- 输出
- 条件判断
- 循环
这是学习一种新的编程语言的很好的实践。本文主要介绍 Basic。
### 在（Bywater）Basic 中猜数字
对于 Basic 编程语言，没有真正的标准。维基百科说：“BASIC（初学者通用符号指令代码）是一个通用的高级编程语言系列，旨在方便使用”。[BWBasic][1] 的实现是在 GPL 下提供的。
你可以通过编写一个“猜数字”游戏来探索 Basic。
### 在 Linux 上安装 Basic
在 Debian 或 Ubuntu 中，你可以用以下方法安装Basic：
```
$ apt install -y bwbasic
```
下载 Fedora、CentOS、Mageia 和其他任何 Linux 发行版的最新版本 tarball。解压并设置可执行，然后从终端运行它：
```
$ tar --extract --file bwbasic*z
$ chmod +x bywater
$ ./bywater
```
在 Windows 上，[下载 .exe 版本][2]。
### Basic 代码
下面是我的实现：
```
10 value$ = cint(rnd * 100) + 1
20 input "enter guess"; guess$
30 guess$ = val(guess$)
40 if guess$ < value$ then print "Too low"
50 if guess$ > value$ then print "Too high"
60 if guess$ = value$ then 80
70 goto 20
80 print "That's right"
```
Basic 程序可以是编号的，也可以是不编号的。通常情况下，写程序时最好不编号，但用编号的行来写，可以更容易地引用各个行。
按照惯例，编码者将行写成 10 的倍数。这种方法允许在现有的行之间插入新的行，以便进行调试。下面是我对上述方法的解释：
- 10 行：使用内置的 **rnd** 函数计算一个 1 到 100 之间的随机值，该函数生成一个 0 到 1 之间的数字，不包括 1。
- 20 行：询问一个猜测，并将该值放入 **guess$ 标量**变量。30 行将该值转换为一个数字。
- 40 行和 50 行：根据比较结果，给猜测者以反馈。
- 70 行：回到循环的起点。
- 60 行：通过将控制权转移到 80 行来打破循环。80 行是最后一行，所以程序在这之后退出。
### 输出示例
下面是将该程序放入 `program.bas` 后的一个例子：
```
$ bwbasic program.bas
Bywater BASIC Interpreter/Shell, version 2.20 patch level 2
Copyright (c) 1993, Ted A. Campbell
Copyright (c) 1995-1997, Jon B. Volkoff
enter guess? 50
Too low
enter guess? 75
Too low
enter guess? 88
Too high
enter guess? 80
Too low
enter guess? 84
Too low
enter guess? 86
Too high
enter guess? 85
That's right
```
### 开始学习
这个“猜数字”游戏是学习新的编程语言的一个很好的入门程序，因为它以一种相当直接的方式锻炼了几个常见的编程概念。通过在不同的编程语言中实现这个简单的游戏，你可以展示这些语言的一些核心概念，并比较它们的细节。
你有喜欢的编程语言吗？你会如何用它来写“猜数字”的游戏？请关注本系列文章，看看你可能感兴趣的其他编程语言的例子吧！
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/23/2/learn-basic-coding-game
作者：[Moshe Zadka][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/moshez
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://yeolpishack.net/repos/ChipMaster/bwBASIC
[2]: https://github.com/nerun/bwbasic/releases