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Pyinotify – Monitor Filesystem Changes in Real-Time in Linux
============================================================
Pyinotify is a simple yet useful Python module for [monitoring filesystems changes][1] in real-time in Linux.
As a System administrator, you can use it to monitor changes happening to a directory of interest such as web directory or application data storage directory and beyond.
**Suggested Read:** [fswatch – Monitors Files and Directory Changes or Modifications in Linux][2]
It depends on inotify (a Linux kernel feature incorporated in kernel 2.6.13), which is an event-driven notifier, its notifications are exported from kernel space to user space via three system calls.
The purpose of pyinotiy is to bind the three system calls, and support an implementation on top of them providing a common and abstract means to manipulate those functionalities.
In this article, we will show you how to install and use pyinotify in Linux to monitor filesystem changes or modifications in real-time.
#### Dependencies
In order to use pyinotify, your system must be running:
1. Linux kernel 2.6.13 or higher
2. Python 2.4 or higher
### How to Install Pyinotify in Linux
First start by checking the kernel and Python versions installed on your system as follows:
```
# uname -r
# python -V
```
Once dependencies are met, we will use pip to install pynotify. In most Linux distributions, Pip is already installed if you’re using Python 2 >=2.7.9 or Python 3 >=3.4 binaries downloaded from python.org, otherwise, install it as follows:
```
# yum install python-pip [On CentOS based Distros]
# apt-get install python-pip [On Debian based Distros]
# dnf install python-pip [On Fedora 22+]
```
Now, install pyinotify like so:
```
# pip install pyinotify
```
It will install available version from the default repository, if you are looking to have a latest stable version of pyinotify, consider cloning it’s git repository as shown.
```
# git clone https://github.com/seb-m/pyinotify.git
# cd pyinotify/
# ls
# python setup.py install
```
### How to Use pyinotify in Linux
In the example below, I am monitoring any changes to the user tecmint’s home (/home/tecmint) directory as root user (logged in via ssh) as shown in the screenshot:
```
# python -m pyinotify -v /home/tecmint
```
[
![Monitor Directory Changes](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Monitor-Directory-File-Changes.png)
][3]
Monitor Directory Changes
Next, we will keep a watch for any changes to the web directory (/var/www/html/tecmint.com):
```
# python -m pyinotify -v /var/www/html/tecmint.com
```
To exit the program, simply hit `[Ctrl+C]`.
Note: When you run pyinotify without specifying any directory to monitor, the `/tmp` directory is considered by default.
Find more about Pyinotify on Github: [https://github.com/seb-m/pyinotify][4]
That’s all for now! In this article, we showed you how to install and use pyinotify, a useful Python module for monitoring filesystems changes in Linux.
Have you come across any similar Python modules or related [Linux tools/utilities][5]? Let us know in the comments, perhaps you can as well ask any question in relation to this article.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
作者简介：
Aaron Kili is a Linux and F.O.S.S enthusiast, an upcoming Linux SysAdmin, web developer, and currently a content creator for TecMint who loves working with computers and strongly believes in sharing knowledge.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.tecmint.com/pyinotify-monitor-filesystem-directory-changes-in-linux/
作者：[Aaron Kili][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/aaronkili/
[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/fswatch-monitors-files-and-directory-changes-modifications-in-linux/
[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/fswatch-monitors-files-and-directory-changes-modifications-in-linux/
[3]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Monitor-Directory-File-Changes.png
[4]:https://github.com/seb-m/pyinotify
[5]:http://tecmint.com/tag/commandline-tools
[6]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/aaronkili/
[7]:http://www.tecmint.com/10-useful-free-linux-ebooks-for-newbies-and-administrators/
[8]:http://www.tecmint.com/free-linux-shell-scripting-books/

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Pyinotify - 在 Linux 中实时监控文件系统更改
============================================================
Pyinotify 是一个简单而有用的 Python 模块，它可用于在 Linux 中实时[监控文件系统更改][1]。
作为一名系统管理员，你可以用它来监视你感兴趣的目录的更改，如 Web 目录或程序数据存储目录及其他目录。
**建议阅读：** [fswatch - 监控 Linux 中的文件和目录更改或修改][2]
它取决于 inotify（内核 2.6.13 中包含的 Linux 内核功能），它是一个事件驱动的通知程序，其通知通过三个系统调用从内核空间导出到用户空间。
pyinotiy 的目的是绑定这三个系统调用，并在其上提供了一个通用和抽象的方法来操作这些功能。
在本文中，我们将向你展示如何在 Linux 中安装并使用 pyinotify 来实时监控文件系统更改或修改。
#### 依赖
要使用 pyinotify，你的系统必须运行：
1. Linux kernel 2.6.13 或更高
2. Python 2.4 或更高
### 如何在 Linux 中安装 Pyinotify
首先在系统中检查内核和 Python 的版本：
```
# uname -r
# python -V
```
一旦依赖满足，我们会使用 pip 安装 pynotify。在大多数 Linux 发行版中，如果你使用的是 Python 2 >= 2.7.9 或者从 python.org 下载了 Python 3 >=3.4 的二进制，那么 pip 就已经安装了，否则，就按如下安装：
```
# yum install python-pip [On CentOS based Distros]
# apt-get install python-pip [On Debian based Distros]
# dnf install python-pip [On Fedora 22+]
```
现在安装 pyinotify：
```
# pip install pyinotify
```
它会从默认仓库安装可用的版本，如果你想要最新的稳定版，考虑按如下从 git 仓库 clone 下来：
```
# git clone https://github.com/seb-m/pyinotify.git
# cd pyinotify/
# ls
# python setup.py install
```
### 如何在 Linux 中使用 pyinotify
在下面的例子中，我以 root 用户（通过 ssh 登录）监视了任何用户 tecmint 家目录（/home/tecmint）下的改变，如截图所示：
```
# python -m pyinotify -v /home/tecmint
```
[
![Monitor Directory Changes](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Monitor-Directory-File-Changes.png)
][3]
监视目录更改
接下来，我会观察到任何 web 目录 （/var/www/html/tecmint.com） 的更改：
```
# python -m pyinotify -v /var/www/html/tecmint.com
```
要退出程序，只要点击 `[Ctrl+C]`。
注意：当你在运行时没有指定要监视的目录是，`/tmp` 将作为默认目录。
在 Github 上了解更多 Pyinotify 信息：[https://github.com/seb-m/pyinotify][4]
就是这样了！在本文中，我们向你展示了如何安装及使用 pyinotify，一个有用的用于在 Linux 中监控文件系统更改的 Python 模块。
你有遇到类似的 Python 模块或者相关的[ Linux 工具/小程序][5]么？让我们在评论中了解，或许你也可以询问与这篇文章相关的问题。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
作者简介：
Aaron Kili 是 Linux 和 F.O.S.S 爱好者，将来的 Linux 系统管理员和网络开发人员，目前是 TecMint 的内容创作者，他喜欢用电脑工作，并坚信分享知识。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.tecmint.com/pyinotify-monitor-filesystem-directory-changes-in-linux/
作者：[Aaron Kili][a]
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/aaronkili/
[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/fswatch-monitors-files-and-directory-changes-modifications-in-linux/
[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/fswatch-monitors-files-and-directory-changes-modifications-in-linux/
[3]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Monitor-Directory-File-Changes.png
[4]:https://github.com/seb-m/pyinotify
[5]:http://tecmint.com/tag/commandline-tools
[6]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/aaronkili/
[7]:http://www.tecmint.com/10-useful-free-linux-ebooks-for-newbies-and-administrators/
[8]:http://www.tecmint.com/free-linux-shell-scripting-books/