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[#]: subject: "sudo apt update vs upgrade: What’s the Difference?"
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[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/apt-update-vs-upgrade/"
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[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/"
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[#]: collector: "lkxed"
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[#]: translator: "Yufei-Yan"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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sudo apt update vs upgrade: What’s the Difference?
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======
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If you want to keep your Ubuntu or Debian system updated, you use the combination of **sudo apt update** and **sudo apt upgrade** commands.
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Some older tutorial also mention **sudo apt-get update** and **sudo apt-get upgrade**.
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Both apt and apt-get commands work pretty much the same except for some minor differences that I’ll discuss later in this later.
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Let’s first discuss the difference between update and upgrade. Are not the two the same thing?
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### Difference between apt update and upgrade
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Though it sounds like running the apt update will give you the latest version of the package, it’s not true. The update command only gets the information about the latest version of packages available for your system. It doesn’t download or install any package. It is the apt upgrade command that actually downloads and upgrades the package to the new version.
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Still confused? Let me explain a bit more. I advise [reading up on the concept of package manager][1]. It will help you understand things even better.
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![Linux Package Manager Explanation][2]
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Basically your system works on a database (cache) of available packages. Note that this cache or database doesn’t contain the packages themselves, just the metadata (version, repository, dependency etc) on the package.
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If you don’t update this database, the system won’t know if there are newer packages available or not.
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When you run the apt update or apt-get update command, it will fetch the updated metadata (package version etc) on the packages.
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![apt update][3]
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Your local package cache has been updated and there are packages that can be upgraded. You can upgrade all of the (upgradable) packages with sudo apt upgrade.
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It shows the packages that are going to be upgraded and ask you to confirm by pressing enter (for default choice Y) or Y key. To cancel the upgrade at this stage, you can press N.
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![apt upgrade][4]
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If it helps you remember:
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* apt update: updates the package cache (to know which package versions can be installed or upgraded)
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* apt upgrade: upgrades packages to the new version
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Since these are administrative commands, you need to run them as root. And hence you use sudo with both commands. The sudo part lets you run commands as root in Ubuntu and Debian.
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Now that you understand how the combination update and upgrade works, let’s discuss the use of apt and apt-get.
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### apt or apt-get? Which one should you be using?
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Debian and Ubuntu use the APT package management system. Don’t confuse it with the apt command.
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There are many commands that interact with the APT package management; apt-get, apt, dpkg, aptitude etc.
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The apt-get command was the most popular of them all. It is a low-level, feature rich command. apt is a newer and simpler version of apt-get.
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You can [read this article to learn on the differences of apt and apt-get commands][5]. Let me focus on difference between the update and upgrade options of these commands.
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#### apt update vs apt-get update
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Both `apt-get update` and `apt update` do the same task of updating the local package cache so that your system is aware of the available package versions.
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Technically, there is no difference. However, apt update does one thing better than apt-get update. It **tells you the number of packages that can be upgraded**.
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```
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Hit:15 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/slimbook/slimbook/ubuntu jammy InRelease
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Fetched 213 kB in 4s (55.8 kB/s)
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Reading package lists... Done
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Building dependency tree... Done
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Reading state information... Done
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6 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
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```
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apt-get update doesn’t even tell you if any package can be upgraded.
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![apt get update][6]
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![apt update output][7]
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You can see the [list of upgradable packages][8] with apt but apt-get doesn’t have this option.
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```
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[email protected]:~$ apt list --upgradable
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Listing... Done
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fprintd/jammy-updates 1.94.2-1ubuntu0.22.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.94.2-1]
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gnome-control-center-data/jammy-updates,jammy-updates 1:41.7-0ubuntu0.22.04.4 all [upgradable from: 1:41.7-0ubuntu0.22.04.1]
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gnome-control-center-faces/jammy-updates,jammy-updates 1:41.7-0ubuntu0.22.04.4 all [upgradable from: 1:41.7-0ubuntu0.22.04.1]
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gnome-control-center/jammy-updates 1:41.7-0ubuntu0.22.04.4 amd64 [upgradable from: 1:41.7-0ubuntu0.22.04.1]
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libpam-fprintd/jammy-updates 1.94.2-1ubuntu0.22.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.94.2-1]
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vivaldi-stable/stable 5.4.2753.40-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 5.4.2753.37-1]
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```
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Let’s talk compare the upgrade option of both commands.
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#### apt upgrade vs apt-get upgrade
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Both apt-get upgrade and apt upgrade commands install the newer version of the upgradable packages based on the data in the local package cache (refreshed by the update command).
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However, the apt upgrade command does couple of things differently than its apt-get counterpart.
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The **apt upgrade command can upgrade the Linux kernel version, apt-get upgrade cannot** do that. You need to use [apt-get dist-upgrade][9] for upgrading the kernel version with apt-get command.
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![apt-get upgrade command cannot upgrade Linux kernel version][10]
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This is because upgrading the kernel version means installing a completely new package. apt-get upgrade command cannot install a new package. It can only upgrade existing packages.
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Another small thing that apt upgrade does better than apt-get upgrade is to **show a progress bar** at the bottom.
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![apt upgrade progress bar][11]
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### Conclusion
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The word update and upgrades are similar and this is why it confuses a lot of new users. At times, I think the apt update command should be merged with the apt upgrade command.
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I mean the upgrade (of installed package versions) works in conjugation with the update (of local package metadata cache). Why have two separate commands for that? Combine them in a single upgrade command. This is what Fedora has done with the DNF command. That’s just my opinion.
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I hope this article cleared some air around the usage of apt-get update, apt-get upgrade and apt update and apt upgrade commands.
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Do let me know if you have any questions.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://itsfoss.com/apt-update-vs-upgrade/
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作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
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选题：[lkxed][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://itsfoss.com/
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[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
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[1]: https://itsfoss.com/package-manager/
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[2]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/linux-package-manager-explanation.png
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[3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/apt-update.png
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[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/apt-upgrade.png
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[5]: https://itsfoss.com/apt-get-upgrade-vs-dist-upgrade/
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[6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/apt-get-update.png
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[7]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/apt-update-output.png
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[8]: https://itsfoss.com/apt-list-upgradable/
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[9]: https://itsfoss.com/apt-get-upgrade-vs-dist-upgrade/
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[10]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/apt-get-upgrade.png
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[11]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/apt-upgrade-progress-bar.png
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@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
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[#]: subject: "sudo apt update vs upgrade: What’s the Difference?"
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[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/apt-update-vs-upgrade/"
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[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/"
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[#]: collector: "lkxed"
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[#]: translator: "Yufei-Yan"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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sudo apt update 和 upgrade：区别是什么？
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======
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如果想让你的 Ubuntu 或者 Debian 系统保持更新，要用 **sudo apt update** 和 **sudo apt upgrade** 命令组合。
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一些以前的教程也会提到 **sudo apt-get update** 和 **sudo apt-get upgrade**。
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apt 和 apt-get 命令运行起来几乎一样，除了一些细微的差别，后面我会讨论。
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我们首先讨论一下 update 和 upgrade 的区别。这两个难道不是一样的吗？
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### apt update 和 upgrade 的区别
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尽管听上去运行 apt update 可以给你一个包的最新版本，然而这并不正确。update命令只会获得系统上所有包的最新信息，并不会下载或者安装任何一个包。而是 apt upgrade 命令来把这些包下载和升级到最新版本。
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还是有点困惑？让我来接着解释。我建议[阅读包管理器的概念][1]。这个会帮你更好的理解这些东西。
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![Linux Package Manager Explanation][2]
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基本上，你的系统在一个所有可用包的数据库（缓存）上工作。注意，这个缓存或者数据库并不包含这些包本身，仅仅是关于包的元数据（版本，仓库，依赖等）。
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如果你不更新这个数据库，系统就不会知道是否有更新的版本。
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当你运行 apt update 或者 apt-get update 命令，它会获取这些包的最新元数据（包的版本等）。
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![apt update][3]
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这时候本地缓存就被更新了，有一些包可以升级。用 sudo apt upgrade 可以升级所有（可升级的）包。
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它会显示要升级的包，并且通过回车（默认选择是 Y）或者点击 Y 键进行确认。要在这个阶段取消升级，可以点击 N。
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![apt upgrade][4]
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下面这些可能会帮助你记忆：
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* apt update：更新包缓存（可以知道包的哪些版本可以被安装或升级）
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* apt upgrade：升级包到最新版本
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因为有一些管理员命令，需要作为 root 运行。因此需要使用 sudo 配合其他命令。sudo 使你能够作为 root 在 Ubuntu 和 Debian 上运行命令。
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既然理解了 update 和 upgrade 是如何一起运行的，我们来讨论一下 apt 和 apt-get 的用法。
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### apt 还是 apt-get？应该用哪个？
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Debian 和 Ubuntu 使用的是 APT 包管理系统。不要和 apt 命令弄混了。
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有许多和 APT 包管理交互的命令；apt-get、apt、dpkg、aptitude等。
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这里面最受欢迎的就是 apt-get 命令。它是一个<ruby>低层级<rt>low-level</rt></ruby>且功能丰富的命令。apt 是 apt-get 命令的简化版本。
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可以[读一下这篇文章来了解 atp 和 apt-get 命令的不同][5]。下面重点讨论这些命令中 update 和 upgrade 选项的区别。
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#### apt update vs apt-get update
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`apt-get update` 和 `apt update` 做的是同样的事，都是更新本地包缓存，这样的话你的系统就知道有哪些包的版本是可用的。
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从技术上讲，其实并没有区别。然而，apt update 在一个方面比 apt-get update 做的好，**它会告诉你可升级的包的数量**。
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```
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Hit:15 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/slimbook/slimbook/ubuntu jammy InRelease
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Fetched 213 kB in 4s (55.8 kB/s)
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Reading package lists... Done
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Building dependency tree... Done
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Reading state information... Done
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6 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
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```
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apt-get update 甚至不会告诉你包是否可以升级。
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![apt get update][6]
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![apt update output][7]
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从 apt 中可以看到[列出可升级的包][8]，而 apt-get 甚至没有这个选项。
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```
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[email protected]:~$ apt list --upgradable
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Listing... Done
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fprintd/jammy-updates 1.94.2-1ubuntu0.22.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.94.2-1]
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gnome-control-center-data/jammy-updates,jammy-updates 1:41.7-0ubuntu0.22.04.4 all [upgradable from: 1:41.7-0ubuntu0.22.04.1]
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gnome-control-center-faces/jammy-updates,jammy-updates 1:41.7-0ubuntu0.22.04.4 all [upgradable from: 1:41.7-0ubuntu0.22.04.1]
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gnome-control-center/jammy-updates 1:41.7-0ubuntu0.22.04.4 amd64 [upgradable from: 1:41.7-0ubuntu0.22.04.1]
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libpam-fprintd/jammy-updates 1.94.2-1ubuntu0.22.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.94.2-1]
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vivaldi-stable/stable 5.4.2753.40-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 5.4.2753.37-1]
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```
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现在来比较一下两个命令中 upgrade 的选项。
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#### apt upgrade vs apt-get upgrade
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apt-get upgrade 和 apt upgrade 命令根据本地包缓存（通过 update 命令更新）的数据，安装可升级包的最新版本。
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然而，apt upgrade 命令会做两件与 apt-get upgrade 不同的事情。
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**apt upgrade 命令可以升级 Linux 内核版本，apt-get upgrade 不能**。apt-get 命令需要使用 [apt-get dist-upgrade][9] 来升级内核版本。
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![apt-get upgrade command cannot upgrade Linux kernel version][10]
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这是因为升级内核版本意味着安装一个全新的包。apt-get upgrade 命令不能安装一个新的包。它只能升级现有的包。
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apt upgrade 比 apt-get 做的好的另一件小事是，它会在底部**显示一个进度条**。
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![apt upgrade progress bar][11]
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### 总结
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update 和 upgrade 两个词很相似，这就是为什么很多新用户会感到困惑。有时候，我觉得 apt update 命令应该和 apt upgrade 命令合并。
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我意思是 upgrade（所有已安装的包）和 update（本地包元数据缓存）一起完成工作。为什么要有两个分开的命令呢？把这两个领命合成一个 upgrade 命令吧。Fedora 就是这样对 DNF 命令进行了改进。不过这只是我的观点。
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我希望这篇文章可以解释一些关于 apt-get update，apt-get upgrade 和 apt update 以及 apt upgrade 命令的问题。
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如果有任何问题，请与我联系。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/apt-update-vs-upgrade/
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作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
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选题：[lkxed][b]
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译者：[https://github.com/Yufei-Yan](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
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[a]: https://itsfoss.com/
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[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
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[1]: https://itsfoss.com/package-manager/
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[2]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/linux-package-manager-explanation.png
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[3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/apt-update.png
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[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/apt-upgrade.png
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[5]: https://itsfoss.com/apt-get-upgrade-vs-dist-upgrade/
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[6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/apt-get-update.png
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[7]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/apt-update-output.png
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[8]: https://itsfoss.com/apt-list-upgradable/
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[9]: https://itsfoss.com/apt-get-upgrade-vs-dist-upgrade/
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[10]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/apt-get-upgrade.png
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[11]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/apt-upgrade-progress-bar.png
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Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user