document/TranslateProject
2
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git synced 2024-12-26 21:30:55 +08:00
Code Issues Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity

20140108-2 选题

Browse Source
This commit is contained in:
DeadFire 2014-01-08 15:05:23 +08:00
parent 8374daea52
commit 93e5473a3f
7 changed files with 311 additions and 0 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

37
sources/12 Advanced Commands For Linux Server Admins!.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
12 Advanced Commands For Linux Server Admins!
================================================================================
So, you've read many tutorials and watched many videos and now you are an advanced Linux user. Well, congratulations. But there's still more to learn! Here is a list of Linux commands that will come in handy when you are the almighty admin!
![](http://www.efytimes.com/admin/useradmin/photo/fQjv122633PM162014.png)
1. **ifconfig**: You will use the ifconfig command when you need to improve the kernel-resident network interfaces. The command is usually needed for system tuning and debugging, but it is also used during boot time in order to set up the interfaces.
2. **netstat**: This is an advanced command for Linux users that is used to display information related to the network. This includes information such as routing tables, network connections, masquerade connections, interface statistics and others.
3. **nslookup**: This command will be used when you need to find information about Internet servers. It finds you the name server information for the domains that are querying the DNS.
4. **dig**: The dig tool is used in order to query the DNS nameservers. If you need to find information on host addresses, mail exchanges, nameservers and other related information, then this is the tool for you. You can use the command from Linux and Mac OS X operating systems.
5. **uptime**: The uptime command is used in order to verify what all happened when a server has been left unattended. It is especially useful when you sit down in front of the server machine and see something gone awry.
6. **wall**: This command is used to send a message to all logged in users. You can only send the message to those with their message permission setting at ‘yes’ though. The message is given as an argument for the wall command.
7. **mesg**: Users can use the ‘write’ command in order to send messages to you. But as the server admin, you can use the mesg command in order to decide whether they can. You can choose from ‘n’ and ‘y’, which allow messages to not popup and popup on your screen respectively.
8. **write**: If the status for the ‘mesg’ command for a user is set to ‘y’ then the write command will allow you to send messages to that user.
9. **talk**: When a simple message is not enough, use the talk command to talk to users logged into the server.
10. **w**: This command is a combination of uptime and who commands, if they are given in that order and one after the other.
11. **rename**: When you need to rename certain specific files, the rename command comes in handy. This command renames files by replacing the first occurrence from that file.
12. **top**: Use this command in order to display the processes running in the CPU. The command will refresh automatically and keep displaying the processes until you use the interrupt command to stop it.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=125990
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

57
sources/2013：The Golden Year for Linux – 10 Biggest Linux Achievements.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
2013: The Golden Year for Linux – 10 Biggest Linux Achievements
================================================================================
The **Year 2013** is about to end. This Year witnessed many milestones and can be called as a **Golden Year for Linux**. Some of the remarkable achievements from the perspective of **FOSS** and **Linux** are.
![2013 Year of Linux](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Year-2013-Linux.jpg)
### 1. Rising Trends of Android ###
Year 2013 marked a record of Android phone activation with a figure of **1.5 Million** everyday. Need not mention, Android usage **Linux Kernel** and such an enthusiastic approach regarding Android was notable landmark, which will continue to increase in the years to come.
### 2. Raspberry pi ###
One of the greatest development ever in the history of Low cost, single board computer was **Raspberry pi**. Raspberry pi was intended to promote Linux computing in schools and elsewhere and the board was highly welcomed by the FOSS Community and still continuing.
### 3. Debian in Space ###
Debian, one of the upper state of the art Linux distribution was controlling an experiment on a **Space Shuttle** mission in late march of year 2013. The experiment which was controlled by Debian was to test the way to grow plants without soil that could eventually provide oxygen and food to astronauts.
### 4. Rise of SteamOS ###
SteamOS, a debian based distribution was designed for **Stream Machine Game Console** and released in the mid of **December 2013**. With the trend of GNU/Linux into gaming environment is certainly a very welcome act.
### 5. Linux on Tablets ###
Seeing the Tablet sales at **Amazon**, Top ten tablets were running on Android Linux. Apple and Microsoft were far behind in the List on Number 11 and 12, certainly an enthusiastic news for FOSS community.
### 6. Chromebooks ###
Chromebooks wins the market of notebook computers, with a lot of high-end manufacturer viz., Samsung, ASUS giving place to GNU/Linux OS over Proprietary OS’s.
### 7. The Firefox OS ###
Firefox OS, the Linux based FOSS Operating System for Smart phones and Tablets, was released in late **April 2013**. The **ARM** based Linux distribution for mobile devices, shows promising future.
### 8. The Release of Kali ###
From the developers of BackTrack Linux comes **Kali Linux**. Kali is a Linux distribution based on Debian, the mother OS which is Primarily developed for Penetration testing and shares a lot of repository of Debian, one of the most rich Distro. Kali Linux holds the record download, in a very less time of its release.
### 9. Android Kitkat ###
One of the Most awaited release was named **Kitkat**. Google Announced **Android 4.4** aka **KitKat in September of 2013**. Although the release had been expected to be number **5.0** aka **Key Lime Pie**. Kitkat has been optimised to run on a large variety of devices having a minimum of **512 MB RAM**.
### 10. Linux in Cars ###
Till now Linux were in a variety of devices ranging from wrist-watches, Remote Controls to Space ship, so ‘**Linux in Cars**’ were not very unexpected still it was surprising when the role of Linux was demonstrated in **Motor Trends Magazines**, car of the year. Both of the Candidate whose model was selected as Winner, in the year 2013, were running on Linux.
The story is endless and it will continue in the future. We might have missed a few major landmark which you can tell us in our comment section. With all these we are giving our readers the last article of the great year for us (**Tecmint**) as well.
We need your appreciation and Love in the next year as we got in year **2013**. We promise to keep providing you knowledgeable articles in future. Till then, keep connected to **Tecmint**.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.tecmint.com/2013-the-golden-year-for-linux-and-foss/
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

31
sources/Find Saved WiFi Password In Linux Mint 16 [Beginner].md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
Find Saved WiFi Password In Linux Mint 16 [Beginner]
================================================================================
When you connect to a wireless network using WEP, WPA or WPA2-PSK, the password is saved in Linux Mint (or any other OS) when you use “connect automatically”. Imagine a situation where you need to know the WiFi password and you have not noted it down somewhere for e.g., if you need to provide the password to a visitor. You can easily retrieve the password of an earlier connected wireless network.
In this **beginner’s tutorial**, we shall see **how to find the saved WiFi passwords in Linux Mint 16 Petra**.
### Find saved WiFi password in Linux Mint: ###
The procedure to find the saved WiFi password is very simple. Click on the Menu button and type network. Choose **Network Connections** in there:
![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Saved-Wifi-Password-1.jpeg)
In Network Connections, you’ll see all the WiFi networks you have been connected to recently. Select the one for which you want to know the password and click on **Edit**.
![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Saved-Wifi-Password-2.png)
In here, under the **Wi-Fi Security** tab, check the **Show password** to reveal the password.
![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Saved-Wifi-Password-3.png)
And that’s all you had to do to get the saved password. You can do similar steps to [get the stored WiFi passwords in Ubuntu][1]. I hope the article helped you.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://itsfoss.com/find-wifi-password-linux-mint-16/
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[1]:http://itsfoss.com/how-to-find-saved-wireless-wifi-passwords-ubuntu/

46
sources/How To Install Icon Themes In Linux Mint 16 [Beginner Tip].md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
How To Install Icon Themes In Linux Mint 16 [Beginner Tip]
================================================================================
If you think the default Mint themes and icons are not good enough for you, why not change it? In this quick tip for beginners, we shall see how to **install icon themes in Linux Mint 16** and more than that **how to change the icons in Linux Mint**. We shall see this quick tutorial by installing gorgeous Moka icon themes.
Just a quick note, if you do not know it already, there is a difference between ‘themes’ and ‘icon themes’. An icon theme just changes the look of icons while a theme changes a lot of other things along with the looks of icons.
### Install icon themes in Linux Mint 16: ###
There are two ways to install icon themes in Linux Mint (and many other Linux distributions, if not all). If you download the icon theme in a zipped folder, you can extract it in ~/.icons directory. Usually this directory does not exist. Feel free to create it.
Second way to install an icon theme is using a [PPA][1]. Most of the standard and popular icon themes have their own PPA. Lets see how to install Moka icons set in Mint using PPA.
### Install Moka icon set in Linux Mint 16: ###
Open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and use the following commands:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:moka/moka-icon-theme
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install moka-icon-theme
### Change icons in Linux Mint 16: ###
Changing an [icon theme in Ubuntu][2] was straight forward. It is slightly hidden in Linux Mint though. Once you have installed the icon themes, go to **Settings** from the Menu. And then go to **Themes**.
![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Chnage_Icon_themes_1.jpeg)
Now you might have realized why I said that changing the icon is slightly hidden in Linux Mint. You’ll not find an option to change just the icons here, at least not in the first look. To change only the icon, go to **Other settings** and click on **Icons** there. You’ll see all the icons set available here. Choose the one you like.
![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Change_Icon_Linux_Mint.jpeg)
The changes will be reflected immediately. No need of a restart. Here is how my Linux Mint desktop looks after applying Moka icon themes:
![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Moka_Linux_Mint_16.jpeg)
I hope you find this quick to install and change icon themes in Linux Mint helpful. Don’t forget to check 5 best icon themes in Ubuntu 13.10, you’ll find some beautiful icons there to make your desktop prettier. Any questions, suggestion, thoughts? Feel free to drop a comment.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://itsfoss.com/install-icon-linux-mint/
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Package_Archive
[2]:http://itsfoss.com/how-to-install-themes-in-ubuntu-13-10/

35
sources/How To Properly Install Ubuntu One In Linux Mint 16.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
How To Properly Install Ubuntu One In Linux Mint 16
================================================================================
![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Ubuntu-One-Linux-Mint.jpg)
[Linux Mint][1] is based on Ubuntu so I was thinking that Ubuntu One would be one of the pre-installed programs. I was wrong. So, I installed Ubuntu One from Software Manager and surprisingly, it did not work. In this quick tip we shall see **how to install Ubuntu One in Linux Mint 16** and how to make it work as well.
### Install Ubuntu One in Linux Mint 16: ###
You have just installed the Ubuntu One client from Software Manager and when you look for it to open and configure it, you will not even find it in the menu search. It’s as if it was never installed. But if you look in Software Manager, it will be marked as installed. So what went wrong here, then?
The problem here is that **Ubuntu One installer** has been referred by **ubuntuone-control-panel-qt** package. Since this package is not installed, your Ubuntu One installation fails to load. To fix this issue, open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and use the following command:
sudo apt-get install ubuntuone-control-panel-qt
Now when you search in the menu, you will see Ubuntu One present there. You can configure the account and choose what to sync and what not to sync. And when you start to think that you have over come all the issues, you’ll notice that **Ubuntu One indicator is not present in the panel**.
### Install Ubuntu One indicator in Linux Mint 16: ###
You can add the following PPA to get the Ubuntu One indicator applet in Linux Mint:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:rye/ubuntuone-extras
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install indicator-ubuntuone
Log out and when you log back in, you can see the indicator in the panel. And with this, we are done with installing and setting Ubuntu One completely. I hope this post helped you to **install Ubuntu One in Linux Mint**. Questions, suggestions are always welcomed.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-one-linux-mint-16/
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[1]:http://www.linuxmint.com/

44
sources/Top 10 Linux Distros For Hackers!.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
Top 10 Linux Distros For Hackers!
================================================================================
Hackers and security researchers need their tools at hand always. Many of them are based on the popular Ubuntu and Debian operating system and come with a number of hacking tools installed.
![](http://www.efytimes.com/admin/useradmin/photo/ef0R121832PM132014.jpg)
1. [BackTrack 5r3][1]: This is one of the most loved and best known Linux-based hacking distributions. Based on Canonical’s Ubuntu operating system, Backtrack’s logo says, “The quieter you become, the more you are able to hear.” With version 5, the GNOME desktop environment was added along with the usual KDE desktop environment.
2. [Nodezero][2]: This is another Ubuntu-based hacking, which is used for penetration testing. Every time you get a patch for bugs in the Ubuntu OS, Nodezero also gets updated.
3. [BackBox Linux][3]: This is yet another Ubuntu-based distro being used for hacking. According to the developers, the OS has been designed to create a penetration testing distro that is fast and easy to use. It also gets update with new ethical hacking tools regularly using repositories.
4. [Blackbuntu][4]: Ubuntu itself may not be a hacking distro, but there are plenty that are based on it. This distribution comes with categories such as Network Mapping, Information Gathering, Penetration, Vulnerability Identification, Privilege Escalation, Radio Network Analysis, VoIP analysis and more.
5. [Samurai Web Testing Framework][5]: This distro lays focus on attacking websites using the best free and open source tools for hacking and attacking. The developers have incorporated four steps into the distribution, including, reconnaissance, mapping, discovery and exploitation.
6. [Knoppix STD][6]: From Ubuntu to Debian, Knoppix STD is a Debian based hacking distribution that runs the GNOME, KDE, LXDE and Openbox desktop environments. It has been around for quite a long time now and was amongst the first live distros.
7. [Pentoo][7]: This is a live CD that is meant for security testing and is based on Gentoo. It comes with a number of customised tools and kernel from the company. These include a Backported WiFi stack, XFCE4 etc.
8. [Weakerthan][8]: This distribution uses the Flufbox desktop environment and is best suited for WiFi hacking because of its many Wireless tools. It is a Debian Squeeze-based distribution that comes with tools for WiFi attacks, Cisco exploitation, SQL Hacking, Web Hacking, Bluetooth and others.
9. [Matriux Krypton][9]: After Weakerth4n, this is perhaps the first distribution that is directly based on the Debian OS. It contains an arsenal of 300 security tools and makes for a good choice for ethical hacking, penetration testing, security testing, system and network administration, cyber forensics investigations etc.
10. [DEFT][10]: This OS is based on the Linux Kernel 3 along with the Digital Advanced Response Toolkit. It uses WINE in order to run Windows tools Linux and predominantly run with the LXDE desktop environment.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=125775
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[1]:http://www.backtrack-linux.org/downloads/
[2]:http://www.nodezero-linux.org/downloads
[3]:http://www.backbox.org/downloads
[4]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/blackbuntu/
[5]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/samurai/files/
[6]:http://s-t-d.org/download.html
[7]:http://www.pentoo.ch/download/
[8]:http://weaknetlabs.com/main/?page_id=479
[9]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/matriux/
[10]:http://iso.linuxquestions.org/deft-linux/deft-linux-7/

61
sources/userdel Command - Delete User Account from Linux system.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
userdel Command - Delete User Account from Linux system
================================================================================
Maintaining users on the server means add them, modify them and delete them. When a user is no longer need on the system for any reasons, we should delete it to avoid security breach. On Linux system we have **userdel** command to delete a user
![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/userdel-linux-command.jpg)
### What is userdel ###
Userdel is a low level utility for removing users. On Debian, we should usually use deluser command. Userdel will look the system account files such as **/etc/password** and **/etc/group**. Then it will deleting all entries related to the user name. The user name must exist before we can delete it.
### How to use Userdel ###
Since userdel will modify system account files, we **need root privilege** to run it. Otherwise we will have an error message that saying “*only root can do that*” or similar. After we gain root privilege, we can delete a user by typing userdel from your console. Here’s a sample of default usage of userdel
$ sudo userdel pasadena
or
# userdel pasadena
![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/userdel_default.png)
As you see above, we can’t delete a user with name pasadena without root privilege. When we have it, system give us no error which mean that user is deleted successfully.
### Completely remove user home directory ###
Using userdel without options, will only delete the user. User home directory will still remain at /home folder.
![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/userdel_home_folder.png)
When we go into /home folder, we still seeing pasadena folder which owned by 1002. Created user will usually have a same group name with user name. 1002 was the UID and GID of pasadena user name and pasadena group name.
To completely remove the home user along user deletion, we can use -r option. This option will also delete user’s mail spool if exist.
![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/userdel_r.png)
### Force delete a user ###
Userdel provide **-f** option to force user deletion. This option will delete a user even the user still log in into Linux system. Please take a look a sample screenshot.
![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/userdel_f.png)
Screenshot above show us that pasadena user is logged in to Linux system. It is marked by process **6218** which is SSHD process. But when we do “**userdel -f pasadena**” the command only show us the information that the user is logged in. The command itself was succeed. If we see the content of **/etc/passwd** file using [cat command][1], we don’t see pasadena user there. It’s home directory still exist but the owner is changed.
One thing that we must know that, userdel with **-f** option **did not broke** the SSH connection. So the user actually still logged in and active even the user is not exist. But when the user log off, the the user can not log in anymore because that user has been deleted.
So **this options is dangerous to use** since it can lead your system into inconsistent state.
Conclusion
Userdel is a tool to delete a user inside Linux system. Userdel also a backend of **deluser command**, a perl script to delete a user. As usual, you can always type **man userdel** to explore more detail about userdel command.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-userdel-command/
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[1]:http://linoxide.com/linux-command/13-cat-command-examples/